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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">West Coast blues</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Coast_blues" title="West Coast blues – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="West Coast blues" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluso_de_Okcidenta_Marbordo" title="Bluso de Okcidenta Marbordo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bluso de Okcidenta Marbordo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Coast_blues" title="West Coast blues – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="West Coast blues" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B8%94%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4" title="웨스트코스트 블루스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="웨스트코스트 블루스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westcoastblues" title="Westcoastblues – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Westcoastblues" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestkystblues" title="Vestkystblues – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vestkystblues" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Coast_blues" title="West Coast blues – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="West Coast blues" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q177447#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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For the album by <a href="/wiki/Harold_Land" title="Harold Land">Harold Land</a>, see <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Blues!" title="West Coast Blues!">West Coast Blues!</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/West_Coast_blues" title="Special:EditPage/West Coast blues">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22West+Coast+blues%22">"West Coast blues"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22West+Coast+blues%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22West+Coast+blues%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22West+Coast+blues%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22West+Coast+blues%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22West+Coast+blues%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=West_Coast_blues&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">West Coast blues</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_blues" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz blues">jazz blues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jump_blues" title="Jump blues">jump blues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_blues" title="Texas blues">Texas blues</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">1940s, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, U.S.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>West Coast blues</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> music influenced by <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jump_blues" title="Jump blues">jump blues</a>, with strong <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>-dominated sounds and jazzy guitar solos, which originated from <a href="/wiki/Texas_blues" title="Texas blues">Texas blues</a> players who relocated to <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> in the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> West Coast blues also features smooth, honey-toned vocals, frequently crossing into <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a> territory. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Texas_and_the_West_Coast">Texas and the West Coast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Coast_blues&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Texas and the West Coast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/West_Coast_blues" title="Special:EditPage/West Coast blues">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22West+Coast+blues%22">"West Coast blues"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22West+Coast+blues%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22West+Coast+blues%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22West+Coast+blues%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22West+Coast+blues%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22West+Coast+blues%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> The towering figure of West Coast blues may be the guitarist <a href="/wiki/T-Bone_Walker" title="T-Bone Walker">T-Bone Walker</a>, famous for the song "<a href="/wiki/Call_It_Stormy_Monday_(But_Tuesday_Is_Just_as_Bad)" title="Call It Stormy Monday (But Tuesday Is Just as Bad)">Call It Stormy Monday (But Tuesday Is Just as Bad)</a>", a relocated Texan, who made his first recordings in the late 1920s. In the early 1940s, Walker moved to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he recorded many enduring sides for <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_%26_White_Records" title="Black & White Records">Black & White</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Records" title="Imperial Records">Imperial</a>. Walker was a crucial figure in the electrification and urbanization of the blues, probably doing more to popularize the electric guitar in the form than anyone else. Much of his material had a distinct jazzy jump blues feel, an influence that would characterize much of the most influential blues to emerge from <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> in the 1940s and 1950s. </p><p>Other Texas bluesmen followed: the pianist and songwriter <a href="/wiki/Amos_Milburn" title="Amos Milburn">Amos Milburn</a>, the singer <a href="/wiki/Percy_Mayfield" title="Percy Mayfield">Percy Mayfield</a> (who would later become famous for the song "<a href="/wiki/Hit_the_Road_Jack" title="Hit the Road Jack">Hit the Road Jack</a>"), and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brown_(musician)" title="Charles Brown (musician)">Charles Brown</a> moved to Los Angeles. The guitarist <a href="/wiki/Pee_Wee_Crayton" title="Pee Wee Crayton">Pee Wee Crayton</a> divided his time between Los Angeles and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lowell_Fulson" title="Lowell Fulson">Lowell Fulson</a>, from Texas by way of <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, moved to <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Little_Willie_Littlefield" title="Little Willie Littlefield">Little Willie Littlefield</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie">boogie-woogie</a> pianist and singer<sup id="cite_ref-washington_post_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washington_post-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose early recordings helped forge a vital link between <a href="/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie">boogie-woogie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-washington_post_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washington_post-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Coast_blues&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_West_Coast_blues_musicians" title="List of West Coast blues musicians">List of West Coast blues musicians</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Coast_blues&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vladimir, Bogdanov. <i>All Music Guide to the Blues: The Definitive Guide to the Blues</i>, Backbeat Books, page xii, (2002) - <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-736-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-736-6">0-87930-736-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Obrecht, Jas (2000). <i>Rollin' and Tumblin': The Postwar Blues Guitarists</i>. Backbeat Books. p. 7. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-613-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-613-0">0-87930-613-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-washington_post-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-washington_post_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-washington_post_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcArdle,_Terence" class="citation news cs1">McArdle, Terence. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/little-willie-littlefieldblues-singer-boogie-woogie-pianist-dies-at-81/2013/07/03/eb57f16a-e280-11e2-80eb-3145e2994a55_story.html">"Little Willie Littlefield, Blues Singer, Boogie-Woogie Pianist, Dies at 81"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Little+Willie+Littlefield%2C+Blues+Singer%2C+Boogie-Woogie+Pianist%2C+Dies+at+81&rft.au=McArdle%2C+Terence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Flittle-willie-littlefieldblues-singer-boogie-woogie-pianist-dies-at-81%2F2013%2F07%2F03%2Feb57f16a-e280-11e2-80eb-3145e2994a55_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Coast+blues" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Coast_blues&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" 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href="/wiki/Template:Blues" title="Template:Blues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Blues" title="Template talk:Blues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Blues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Blues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Blues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical form</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_note" title="Blue note">Blue note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues_ballad" title="Blues ballad">Blues ballad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues_scale" title="Blues scale">Blues scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_and_response_(music)" title="Call and response (music)">Call and response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-bar_blues" title="Eight-bar blues">Eight-bar blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_improvisation" title="Musical improvisation">Musical improvisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuffle_note" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuffle note">Shuffles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_blues_verses" title="Traditional blues verses">Traditional blues verses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-bar_blues" title="Twelve-bar blues">Twelve-bar blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Walking bass">Walking bass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_blues" title="Origins of the blues">Origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_holler" title="Field holler">Field hollers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual (music)">Spirituals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_song#African-American_work_songs" title="Work song">Work songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American folk music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional<br /> styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_blues" title="African blues">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desert_blues" title="Desert blues">Desert blues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_blues" title="Canadian blues">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_blues" title="Chicago blues">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_blues" title="Delta blues">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_country_blues" title="Hill country blues">Hill country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_blues" title="Louisiana blues">Louisiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_blues" title="New Orleans blues">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_blues" title="Swamp blues">Swamp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_blues" title="Memphis blues">Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues_in_New_Zealand" title="Blues in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_blues" title="Piedmont blues">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_blues" title="Texas blues">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_blues" title="Anatolian blues">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_blues" title="British blues">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">West Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie">Boogie-woogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_female_blues" title="Classic female blues">Classic female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_blues" title="Country blues">Country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_blues" title="Delta blues">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_country_blues" title="Hill country blues">Hill country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_blues" title="Dirty blues">Dirty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_blues" title="Electric blues">Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fife_and_drum_blues" title="Fife and drum blues">Fife and drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokum" title="Hokum">Hokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holler_blues" title="Holler blues">Holler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_band" title="Jug band">Jug band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">Skiffle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fusion genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues_rock" title="Blues rock">Blues rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biker_metal" title="Biker metal">Biker metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogie_rock" title="Boogie rock">Boogie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_blues" title="Punk blues">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_rock" title="Southern rock">Southern rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_blues" title="Gospel blues">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jump_blues" title="Jump blues">Jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_blues" title="Soul blues">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_rock" title="Southern rock">Southern rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_blues_musicians" title="List of blues musicians">Blues musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_blues_musicians_by_genre" title="Lists of blues musicians by genre">Blues musicians by genre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_blues_standards" title="List of blues standards">Blues standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_blues_festivals" title="List of blues festivals">Blues festivals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Guit_Blues.JPG/28px-Guit_Blues.JPG" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Guit_Blues.JPG/41px-Guit_Blues.JPG 1.5x, 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