CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: microbial interactions</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: microbial interactions"> <meta name="keywords" content="microbial interactions"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="microbial interactions" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="microbial interactions"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3042</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: microbial interactions</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3042</span> Revealing Insights into the Mechanisms of Biofilm Adhesion on Surfaces in Crude Oil Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadjer%20Didouh">Hadjer Didouh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Hadj%20Meliani"> Mohammed Hadj Meliani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izzaddine%20Sameut%20Bouhaik"> Izzaddine Sameut Bouhaik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study employs a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the intricate processes governing biofilm-surface interactions. Results indicate that surface properties significantly influence initial microbial attachment, with materials characterized by increased roughness and hydrophobicity promoting enhanced biofilm adhesion. Moreover, the chemical composition of materials plays a crucial role in impacting the development of biofilms. Environmental factors, such as temperature fluctuations and nutrient availability, were identified as key determinants affecting biofilm formation dynamics. Advanced imaging techniques revealed complex three-dimensional biofilm structures, emphasizing microbial communication and cooperation within these networks. These findings offer practical implications for industries operating in crude oil environments, guiding the selection and design of materials to mitigate biofilm-related challenges and enhance operational efficiency in such settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofilm%20adhesion" title="biofilm adhesion">biofilm adhesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20properties" title=" surface properties"> surface properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20oil%20environments" title=" crude oil environments"> crude oil environments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20interactions" title=" microbial interactions"> microbial interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidisciplinary%20investigation" title=" multidisciplinary investigation"> multidisciplinary investigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179807/revealing-insights-into-the-mechanisms-of-biofilm-adhesion-on-surfaces-in-crude-oil-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3041</span> Synthesis, Characterization, Validation of Resistant Microbial Strains and Anti Microbrial Activity of Substitted Pyrazoles </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rama%20Devi%20Kyatham">Rama Devi Kyatham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ashok"> D. Ashok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20K.%20Rao%20Patnaik"> K. S. K. Rao Patnaik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raju%20Bathula"> Raju Bathula</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have shown the importance of pyrazoles as anti-microbial chemical entities. These compounds have generally been considered significant due to their wide range of pharmacological acivities and their discovery motivates new avenues of research.The proposed pyrazoles were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-microbial activities. The Synthesized compounds were analyzed by different spectroscopic methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrazoles" title="pyrazoles">pyrazoles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistant%20microbial%20strains" title=" resistant microbial strains"> resistant microbial strains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-microbial%20activities" title=" anti-microbial activities"> anti-microbial activities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123881/synthesis-characterization-validation-of-resistant-microbial-strains-and-anti-microbrial-activity-of-substitted-pyrazoles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3040</span> LIFirr with an Indicator of Microbial Activity in Paraffinic Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20P.%20Casiraghi">M. P. Casiraghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20M.%20Quintella"> C. M. Quintella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Almeida"> P. Almeida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paraffinic oils were submitted to microbial action. The microorganisms consisted of bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas sp and Bacillus lincheniforms. The alterations in interfacial tension were determined using a tensometer and applying the hanging drop technique at room temperature (299 K ±275 K). The alteration in the constitution of the paraffins was evaluated by means of gas chromatography. The microbial activity was observed to reduce interfacial tension by 54 to 78%, as well as consuming the paraffins C19 to C29 and producing paraffins C36 to C44. The LIFirr technique made it possible to determine the microbial action quickly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paraffins" title="paraffins">paraffins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosurfactants" title=" biosurfactants"> biosurfactants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LIFirr" title=" LIFirr"> LIFirr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20activity" title=" microbial activity"> microbial activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20489/lifirr-with-an-indicator-of-microbial-activity-in-paraffinic-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">525</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3039</span> Anaerobic Digestion Batch Study of Taxonomic Variations in Microbial Communities during Adaptation of Consortium to Different Lignocellulosic Substrates Using Targeted Sequencing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyanka%20Dargode">Priyanka Dargode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhas%20Gore"> Suhas Gore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manju%20Sharma"> Manju Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arvind%20Lali"> Arvind Lali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anaerobic digestion has been widely used for production of methane from different biowastes. However, the complexity of microbial communities involved in the process is poorly understood. The performance of biogas production process concerning the process productivity is closely coupled to its microbial community structure and syntrophic interactions amongst the community members. The present study aims at understanding taxonomic variations occurring in any starter inoculum when acclimatised to different lignocellulosic biomass (LBM) feedstocks relating to time of digestion. The work underlines use of high throughput Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) for validating the changes in taxonomic patterns of microbial communities. Biomethane Potential (BMP) batches were set up with different pretreated and non-pretreated LBM residues using the same microbial consortium and samples were withdrawn for studying the changes in microbial community in terms of its structure and predominance with respect to changes in metabolic profile of the process. DNA of samples withdrawn at different time intervals with reference to performance changes of the digestion process, was extracted followed by its 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis using Illumina Platform. Biomethane potential and substrate consumption was monitored using Gas Chromatography(GC) and reduction in COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) respectively. Taxonomic analysis by QIIME server data revealed that microbial community structure changes with different substrates as well as at different time intervals. It was observed that biomethane potential of each substrate was relatively similar but, the time required for substrate utilization and its conversion to biomethane was different for different substrates. This could be attributed to the nature of substrate and consequently the discrepancy between the dominance of microbial communities with regards to different substrate and at different phases of anaerobic digestion process. Knowledge of microbial communities involved would allow a rational substrate specific consortium design which will help to reduce consortium adaptation period and enhance the substrate utilisation resulting in improved efficacy of biogas process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplicon%20sequencing" title="amplicon sequencing">amplicon sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomethane%20potential" title=" biomethane potential"> biomethane potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20predominance" title=" community predominance"> community predominance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taxonomic%20analysis" title=" taxonomic analysis"> taxonomic analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77289/anaerobic-digestion-batch-study-of-taxonomic-variations-in-microbial-communities-during-adaptation-of-consortium-to-different-lignocellulosic-substrates-using-targeted-sequencing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3038</span> Effects of Twitter Interactions on Self-Esteem and Narcissistic Behaviour</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leena-Maria%20Alyedreessy">Leena-Maria Alyedreessy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Self-esteem is thought to be determined by ones’ own feeling of being included, liked and accepted by others. This research explores whether this concept may also be applied in the virtual world and assesses whether there is any relationship between Twitter users' self-esteem and the amount of interactions they receive. 20 female Arab participants were given a survey asking them about their Twitter interactions and their feelings of having an imagined audience to fill out and a Rosenberg Self-Esteem Assessment to complete. After completion and statistical analysis, results showed a significant correlation between the feeling of being Twitter elite, the feeling of having a lot of people listening to your tweets and having a lot of interactions with high self-esteem. However, no correlations were detected for low-self-esteem and low interactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twitter" title="twitter">twitter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-esteem" title=" self-esteem"> self-esteem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narcissism" title=" narcissism"> narcissism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interactions" title=" interactions"> interactions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7501/effects-of-twitter-interactions-on-self-esteem-and-narcissistic-behaviour" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3037</span> Rheumatoid Arthritis, Periodontitis and the Subgingival Microbiome: A Circular Relationship</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Lopez-Oliva">Isabel Lopez-Oliva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akshay%20Paropkari"> Akshay Paropkari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shweta%20Saraswat"> Shweta Saraswat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefan%20Serban"> Stefan Serban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paola%20de%20Pablo"> Paola de Pablo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karim%20Raza"> Karim Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Filer"> Andrew Filer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iain%20Chapple"> Iain Chapple</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Dietrich"> Thomas Dietrich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20Grant"> Melissa Grant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Purnima%20Kumar"> Purnima Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: We aimed to explicate the role of the subgingival microbiome in the causal link between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis (PD). Methods: Subjects with/without RA and with/without PD were randomized for treatment with scaling and root planing (SRP) or oral hygiene instructions. Subgingival biofilm, gingival crevicular fluid, and serum were collected at baseline and at 3- and 6-months post-operatively. Correlations were generated between 72 million 16S rDNA sequences, immuno-inflammatory mediators, circulating antibodies to oral microbial antigens, serum inflammatory molecules, and clinical metrics of RA. The dynamics of inter-microbial and host-microbial interactions were modeled using differential network analysis. Results: RA superseded periodontitis as a determinant of microbial composition, and DAS28 score superseded the severity of periodontitis as a driver of microbial assemblages (p=0.001, ANOSIM). RA subjects evidenced higher serum anti-PPAD (p=0.0013), anti-Pg-enolase (p=0.0031), anti-RPP3, anti- Pg-OMP and anti- Pi-OMP (p=0.001) antibodies than non-RA controls (with and without periodontitis). Following SRP, bacterial networks anchored by IL-1b, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, MIP-1b, and PDGF-b underwent ≥5-fold higher rewiring; and serum antibodies to microbial antigens decreased significantly. Conclusions: Our data suggest a circular relationship between RA and PD, beginning with an RA-influenced dysbiosis within the healthy subgingival microbiome that leads to exaggerated local inflammation in periodontitis and circulating antibodies to periodontal pathogens and positive correlation between severity of periodontitis and RA activity. Periodontal therapy restores host-microbial homeostasis, reduces local inflammation, and decreases circulating microbial antigens. Our data highlights the importance of integrating periodontal care into the management of RA patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheumatoid%20arthritis" title="rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodontal" title=" periodontal"> periodontal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subgingival" title=" subgingival"> subgingival</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20sequence%20analysis" title=" DNA sequence analysis"> DNA sequence analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20microbiome" title=" oral microbiome"> oral microbiome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158914/rheumatoid-arthritis-periodontitis-and-the-subgingival-microbiome-a-circular-relationship" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3036</span> Short-Term Impact of a Return to Conventional Tillage on Soil Microbial Attributes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Promil%20Mehra">Promil Mehra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nanthi%20Bolan"> Nanthi Bolan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jack%20Desbiolles"> Jack Desbiolles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Risha%20Gupta"> Risha Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agricultural practices affect the soil physical and chemical properties, which in turn influence the soil microorganisms as a function of the soil biological environment. On the return to conventional tillage (CT) from continuing no-till (NT) cropping system, a very little information is available from the impact caused by the intermittent tillage on the soil biochemical properties from a short-term (2-year) study period. Therefore, the contribution made by different microorganisms (fungal, bacteria) was also investigated in order to find out the effective changes in the soil microbial activity under a South Australian dryland faring system. This study was conducted to understand the impact of microbial dynamics on the soil organic carbon (SOC) under NT and CT systems when treated with different levels of mulching (0, 2.5 and 5 t/ha). Our results demonstrated that from the incubation experiment the cumulative CO2 emitted from CT system was 34.5% higher than NT system. Relatively, the respiration from surface layer (0-10 cm) was significantly (P<0.05) higher by 8.5% and 15.8 from CT; 8% and 18.9% from NT system w.r.t 10-20 and 20-30 cm respectively. Further, the dehydrogenase enzyme activity (DHA) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were both significantly lower (P<0.05) under CT, i.e., 7.4%, 7.2%, 6.0% (DHA) and 19.7%, 15.7%, 4% (MBC) across the different mulching levels (0, 2.5, 5 t/ha) respectively. In general, it was found that from both the tillage system the enzyme activity and MBC decreased with the increase in depth (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm) and with the increase in mulching rate (0, 2.5 and 5 t/ha). From the perspective of microbial stress, there was 28.6% higher stress under CT system compared to NT system. Whereas, the microbial activity of different microorganisms like fungal and bacterial activities were determined by substrate-induced inhibition respiration using antibiotics like cycloheximide (16 mg/gm of soil) and streptomycin sulphate (14 mg/gm of soil), by trapping the CO2 using an alkali (0.5 M NaOH) solution. The microbial activities were confirmed through platting technique, where it was that found bacterial activities were 46.2% and 38.9% higher than fungal activity under CT and NT system. In conclusion, it was expected that changes in the relative abundance and activity of different microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) under different tillage systems could significantly affect the C cycling and storage due to its unique structures and differential interactions with the soil physical properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tillage" title="tillage">tillage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20respiration" title=" soil respiration"> soil respiration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MBC" title=" MBC"> MBC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal-bacterial%20activity" title=" fungal-bacterial activity"> fungal-bacterial activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61041/short-term-impact-of-a-return-to-conventional-tillage-on-soil-microbial-attributes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3035</span> Identification of Microbial Community in an Anaerobic Reactor Treating Brewery Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abimbola%20M.%20Enitan">Abimbola M. Enitan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20O.%20Odiyo"> John O. Odiyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feroz%20M.%20Swalaha"> Feroz M. Swalaha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of microbial ecology and their function in anaerobic digestion processes are essential to control the biological processes. This is to know the symbiotic relationship between the microorganisms that are involved in the conversion of complex organic matter in the industrial wastewater to simple molecules. In this study, diversity and quantity of bacterial community in the granular sludge taken from the different compartments of a full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating brewery wastewater was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The phylogenetic analysis showed three major eubacteria phyla that belong to <em>Proteobacteria, Firmicutes </em>and<em> Chloroflexi</em> in the full-scale UASB reactor, with different groups populating different compartment. The result of qPCR assay showed high amount of eubacteria with increase in concentration along the reactor’s compartment. This study extends our understanding on the diverse, topological distribution and shifts in concentration of microbial communities in the different compartments of a full-scale UASB reactor treating brewery wastewater. The colonization and the trophic interactions among these microbial populations in reducing and transforming complex organic matter within the UASB reactors were established. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title="bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brewery%20wastewater" title=" brewery wastewater"> brewery wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20quantitative%20PCR" title=" real-time quantitative PCR"> real-time quantitative PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UASB%20reactor" title=" UASB reactor"> UASB reactor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79480/identification-of-microbial-community-in-an-anaerobic-reactor-treating-brewery-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3034</span> Control System Design for a Simulated Microbial Electrolysis Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pujari%20Muruga">Pujari Muruga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20K.%20Radhakrishnan"> T. K. Radhakrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Samsudeen"> N. Samsudeen </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen is considered as the most important energy carrier and fuel of the future because of its high energy density and zero emission properties. Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) is a new and promising approach for hydrogen production from organic matter, including wastewater and other renewable resources. By utilizing anode microorganism activity, MEC can produce hydrogen gas with smaller voltages (as low as 0.2 V) than those required for electrolytic hydrogen production ( ≥ 1.23 V). The hydrogen production processes of the MEC reactor are very nonlinear and highly complex because of the presence of microbial interactions and highly complex phenomena in the system. Increasing the hydrogen production rate and lowering the energy input are two important challenges of MEC technology. The mathematical model of the MEC is based on material balance with the integration of bioelectrochemical reactions. The main objective of the research is to produce biohydrogen by selecting the optimum current and controlling applied voltage to the MEC. Precise control is required for the MEC reactor, so that the amount of current required to produce hydrogen gas can be controlled according to the composition of the substrate in the reactor. Various simulation tests involving multiple set-point changes disturbance and noise rejection were performed to evaluate the performance using PID controller tuned with Ziegler Nichols settings. Simulation results shows that other good controller can provide better control effect on the MEC system, so that higher hydrogen production can be obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20electrolysis%20cell" title="microbial electrolysis cell">microbial electrolysis cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20production" title=" hydrogen production"> hydrogen production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applied%20voltage" title=" applied voltage"> applied voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID%20controller" title=" PID controller"> PID controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71610/control-system-design-for-a-simulated-microbial-electrolysis-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3033</span> Microbial Contamination of Haemolymph of Honeybee (Apis mellifera intermissa) Parasitized by Varroa Destructor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Messaouda%20Belaid">Messaouda Belaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salima%20Kebbouche-Gana"> Salima Kebbouche-Gana </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The negative effect of the Varroa bee colony is very important. They cause morphological and physiological changes, causing a decrease in performance of individuals and long-term death of the colony. Indirectly, they weaken the bees become much more sensitive to the different pathogenic organisms naturally present in the colony. This work aims to research secondary infections of microbial origin occurred in the worker bee nurse due to parasitism by Varroa destructor. The feeding behaviour of Varroa may causes damaging host integument. The results show that the microbial contamination enable to be transmitted into honeybee heamocoel are Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Enterobacter, Aspergillus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honeybee" title="honeybee">honeybee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apis%20mellifera%20intermissa" title=" Apis mellifera intermissa"> Apis mellifera intermissa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20contamination" title=" microbial contamination"> microbial contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varroa%20destructor" title=" Varroa destructor "> Varroa destructor </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13183/microbial-contamination-of-haemolymph-of-honeybee-apis-mellifera-intermissa-parasitized-by-varroa-destructor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3032</span> Contributions of Microbial Activities to Tomato Growth and Yield under an Organic Production System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20A.%20Babalola">O. A. Babalola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20F%20Adekunle"> A. F Adekunle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Oladeji"> F. Oladeji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20T.%20Osungbade"> A. T. Osungbade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20A.%20Akinlaja"> O. A. Akinlaja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optimizing microbiological activities in an organic crop production system is crucial to the realization of optimum growth and development of the crops. Field and pot experiments were conducted to assess soil microbial activities, growth and yield of tomato varieties in response to 4 rates of composted plant and animal residues. The compost rates were 0, 5, 10 and 20 t ha-1, and improved Ibadan and Ibadan local constituted the varieties. Fungi population, microbial biomass nitrogen, cellulase and proteinase activities were significantly higher (P≤ 0.05) at the rhizosphere of the local variety than that of improved variety. This led to a significantly higher number of branches, plant height, leaf area, number of fruits and less days to maturity in the local variety. Furthermore, compost-amended soil had significantly higher microbial populations, microbial biomass N, P and C, enzyme activities, soil N, P and organic carbon than control, but amendment of 20 t ha-1 gave significantly higher values than other compost rates. Consequently, growth parameters and tissue N significantly increased in all compost treatments while dry matter yield and weight of fruits were significantly higher in soil amended with 20 t ha-1. Correlation analysis showed that microbial activities at 6 weeks after transplanting (6 WAT) were more consistently and highly correlated with growth and yield parameters. It was concluded that microbial activities could be optimized to improve the yield of the two tomato varieties in an organic production system, through the application of compost, particularly at 20 t ha-1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compost" title="compost">compost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20activities" title=" microbial activities"> microbial activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20contribution" title=" microbial contribution"> microbial contribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato%20growth%20and%20yield" title=" tomato growth and yield"> tomato growth and yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81437/contributions-of-microbial-activities-to-tomato-growth-and-yield-under-an-organic-production-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3031</span> Impact of Environmental Stressors on Microbial Community Dynamics and Ecosystem Functioning: Implications for Bioremediation and Restoration Strategies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazanin%20Nikanmajd">Nazanin Nikanmajd</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microorganisms are essential for influencing environmental processes, such as nutrient cycling, pollutant breakdown, and ecosystem well-being. Recent developments in high-throughput sequencing technologies and metagenomic methods have given us fresh understandings about the range and capabilities of microorganisms in different settings. This research examines how environmental stressors like climate change, pollution, and habitat degradation affect the composition and roles of microbial communities in soil and water ecosystems. We show that human-caused disruptions change the makeup of microbial communities, causing changes in important metabolic pathways for biogeochemical processes. More precisely, we pinpoint important microbial groups that show resistance or susceptibility to certain stress factors, emphasizing their possible uses in bioremediation and ecosystem rehabilitation. The results highlight the importance of adopting a holistic approach to comprehend microbial changes in evolving environments, impacting sustainable environmental conservation and management strategies. This research helps develop new solutions to reduce the impacts of environmental degradation on microbial ecosystem services by understanding the intricate relationships between microorganisms and their surroundings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20microbiology" title="environmental microbiology">environmental microbiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20communities" title=" microbial communities"> microbial communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioremediation" title=" bioremediation"> bioremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metagenomics" title=" metagenomics"> metagenomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystem%20services" title=" ecosystem services"> ecosystem services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystem%20restoration" title=" ecosystem restoration"> ecosystem restoration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195037/impact-of-environmental-stressors-on-microbial-community-dynamics-and-ecosystem-functioning-implications-for-bioremediation-and-restoration-strategies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3030</span> Rhizosphere Microbial Communities in Fynbos Endemic Legumes during Wet and Dry Seasons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tiisetso%20Mpai">Tiisetso Mpai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20K.%20Jaiswal"> Sanjay K. Jaiswal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20D.%20Dakora"> Felix D. Dakora</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The South African Cape fynbos biome is a global biodiversity hotspot. This biome contains a diversity of endemic shrub legumes, including Polhillia, Wiborgia, and Wiborgiella species, which are important for ecotourism as well as for improving soil fertility status. This is due to their proven N₂-fixing abilities when in association with compatible soil bacteria. In fact, Polhillia, Wiborgia, and Wiborgiella species have been reported to derive over 61% of their needed nitrogen through biological nitrogen fixation and to exhibit acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in their rhizospheres. Thus, their interactions with soil microbes may explain their survival mechanisms under the continued summer droughts and acidic, nutrient-poor soils in this region. However, information regarding their rhizosphere microbiome is still unavailable, yet it is important for Fynbos biodiversity management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the microbial community structures associated with rhizosphere soils of Polhillia pallens, Polhillia brevicalyx, Wiborgia obcordata, Wiborgia sericea, and Wiborgiella sessilifolia growing at different locations of the South African Cape fynbos, during the wet and dry seasons. The hypothesis is that the microbial communities in these legume rhizospheres are the same type and are not affected by the growing season due to the restricted habitat of these wild fynbos legumes. To obtain the results, DNA was extracted from 0.5 g of each rhizosphere soil using PowerSoil™ DNA Isolation Kit, and sequences were obtained using the 16S rDNA Miseq Illumina technology. The results showed that in both seasons, bacteria were the most abundant microbial taxa in the rhizosphere soils of all five legume species, with Actinobacteria showing the highest number of sequences (about 30%). However, over 19.91% of the inhabitants in all five legume rhizospheres were unclassified. In terms of genera, Mycobacterium and Conexibacter were common in rhizosphere soils of all legumes in both seasons except for W. obcordata soils sampled during the dry season, which had Dehalogenimonas as the major inhabitant (6.08%). In conclusion, plant species and season were found to be the main drivers of microbial community structure in Cape fynbos, with the wet season being more dominant in shaping microbial diversity relative to the dry season. Wiborgia obcordata had a greater influence on microbial community structure than the other four legume species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=16S%20rDNA" title="16S rDNA">16S rDNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cape%20fynbos" title=" Cape fynbos"> Cape fynbos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endemic%20legumes" title=" endemic legumes"> endemic legumes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiome" title=" microbiome"> microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhizosphere" title=" rhizosphere"> rhizosphere</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140574/rhizosphere-microbial-communities-in-fynbos-endemic-legumes-during-wet-and-dry-seasons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3029</span> High-Throughput Screening and Selection of Electrogenic Microbial Communities Using Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells Based on 96-Well Plate Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukasz%20Szydlowski">Lukasz Szydlowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiri%20Ehlich"> Jiri Ehlich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Goryanin"> Igor Goryanin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We demonstrate a single chamber, 96-well-plated based Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) with printed, electronic components. This invention is aimed at robust selection of electrogenic microbial community under specific conditions, e.g., electrode potential, pH, nutrient concentration, salt concentration that can be altered within the 96 well plate array. This invention enables robust selection of electrogenic microbial community under the homogeneous reactor, with multiple conditions that can be altered to allow comparative analysis. It can be used as a standalone technique or in conjunction with other selective processes, e.g., flow cytometry, microfluidic-based dielectrophoretic trapping. Mobile conductive elements, like carbon paper, carbon sponge, activated charcoal granules, metal mesh, can be inserted inside to increase the anode surface area in order to collect electrogenic microorganisms and to transfer them into new reactors or for other analytical works. An array of 96-well plate allows this device to be operated by automated pipetting stations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioengineering" title="bioengineering">bioengineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemistry" title=" electrochemistry"> electrochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromicrobiology" title=" electromicrobiology"> electromicrobiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20fuel%20cell" title=" microbial fuel cell"> microbial fuel cell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110593/high-throughput-screening-and-selection-of-electrogenic-microbial-communities-using-single-chamber-microbial-fuel-cells-based-on-96-well-plate-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3028</span> An Assessment of the Effects of Microbial Products on the Specific Oxygen Uptake in Submerged Membrane Bioreactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20F.%20R.%20Zuthi">M. F. R. Zuthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20H.%20Ngo"> H. H. Ngo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20S.%20Guo"> W. S. Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Chen"> S. S. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20C.%20Nguyen"> N. C. Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20J.%20Deng"> L. J. Deng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20D.%20C%20Tran">T. D. C Tran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustaining a desired rate of oxygen transfer for microbial activity is a matter of major concern for Biological Wastewater Treatment (MBR). The study reported in the paper was aimed at assessing the effects of microbial products on the Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate (SOUR) in a Conventional Membrane Bioreactor (CMBR) and that in a Sponge Submerged MBR (SSMBR). The production and progressive accumulation of Soluble Microbial Products (SMP) and Bound-Extracellular Polymeric Substances (BEPS) were found affecting the SOUR of the microorganisms which varied at different stages of operation of the MBR systems depending on the variable concentrations of the SMP/bEPS. The effect of bEPS on the SOUR was stronger in the SSMBR compared to that of the SMP, while relative high concentrations of SMP had adverse effects on the SOUR of the CMBR system. Of the different mathematical correlations analyzed in the study, logarithmic mathematical correlations could be established between SOUR and bEPS in SSMBR, and similar correlations could also be found between SOUR and SMP concentrations in the CMBR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20products" title="microbial products">microbial products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20activity" title=" microbial activity"> microbial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20oxygen%20uptake%20rate" title=" specific oxygen uptake rate"> specific oxygen uptake rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20bioreactor" title=" membrane bioreactor"> membrane bioreactor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4403/an-assessment-of-the-effects-of-microbial-products-on-the-specific-oxygen-uptake-in-submerged-membrane-bioreactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3027</span> Fabrication Methodologies for Anti-Microbial Polypropylene Surfaces with Leachable and Non-leachable Anti-Microbial Agents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Alkarri">Saleh Alkarri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimple%20Sharma"> Dimple Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teresa%20M.%20Bergholz"> Teresa M. Bergholz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Rabnawaz"> Muhammad Rabnawaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: Develop a methodology for the fabrication of anti-microbial polypropylene (PP) surfaces with (i) leachable copper, (II) chloride dihydrate (CuCl₂·₂H₂O) and (ii) non-leachable magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) biocides. Methods and Results: Two methodologies are used to develop anti-microbial PP surfaces. One method involves melt-blending and subsequent injection molding, where the biocide additives were compounded with PP and subsequently injection-molded. The other method involves the thermal embossing of anti-microbial agents on the surface of a PP substrate. The obtained biocide-bearing PP surfaces were evaluated against E. coli K-12 MG1655 for 0, 4, and 24 h to evaluate their anti-microbial properties. The injection-molded PP bearing 5% CuCl2·₂H₂O showed a 6-log reduction of E. coli K-12 MG1655 after 24 h, while only 1 log reduction was observed for PP bearing 5% Mg(OH)2. The thermally embossed PP surfaces bearing CuCl2·2H2O and Mg(OH)₂ particles (at a concentration of 10 mg/mL) showed 3 log and 4 log reduction, respectively, against E.coli K-12 MG1655 after 24 h. Conclusion: The results clearly demonstrate that CuCl₂·2H₂O conferred anti-microbial properties to PP surfaces that were prepared by both injection molding as well as thermal embossing approaches owing to the presence of leachable copper ions. In contrast, the non-leachable Mg(OH)₂ imparted anti-microbial properties only to the surface prepared via the thermal embossing technique. Significance and Impact of The Study: Plastics with leachable biocides are effective anti-microbial surfaces, but their toxicity is a major concern. This study provides a fabrication methodology for non-leachable PP-based anti-microbial surfaces that are potentially safer. In addition, this strategy can be extended to many other plastics substrates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-microbial%20activity" title="anti-microbial activity">anti-microbial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20coli%20K-12%20MG1655" title=" E. coli K-12 MG1655"> E. coli K-12 MG1655</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20%28II%29%20chloride%20dihydrate" title=" copper (II) chloride dihydrate"> copper (II) chloride dihydrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20hydroxide" title=" magnesium hydroxide"> magnesium hydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leachable" title=" leachable"> leachable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-leachable" title=" non-leachable"> non-leachable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compounding" title=" compounding"> compounding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20embossing" title=" thermal embossing"> thermal embossing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165971/fabrication-methodologies-for-anti-microbial-polypropylene-surfaces-with-leachable-and-non-leachable-anti-microbial-agents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3026</span> Fabrication Methodologies for Anti-microbial Polypropylene Surfaces with Leachable and Non-leachable Anti-microbial Agents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Alkarri">Saleh Alkarri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimple%20Sharma"> Dimple Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teresa%20M.%20Bergholz"> Teresa M. Bergholz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Rabnawa"> Muhammad Rabnawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: Develop a methodology for the fabrication of anti-microbial polypropylene (PP) surfaces with (i) leachable copper (II) chloride dihydrate (CuCl2·2H2O) and (ii) non-leachable magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) biocides. Methods and Results: Two methodologies are used to develop anti-microbial PP surfaces. One method involves melt-blending and subsequent injection molding, where the biocide additives were compounded with PP and subsequently injection-molded. The other method involves the thermal embossing of anti-microbial agents on the surface of a PP substrate. The obtained biocide-bearing PP surfaces were evaluated against E. coli K-12 MG1655 for 0, 4, and 24 h to evaluate their anti-microbial properties. The injection-molded PP bearing 5% CuCl2·2H2O showed a 6-log reduction of E. coli K-12 MG1655 after 24 h, while only 1 log reduction was observed for PP bearing 5% Mg(OH)2. The thermally embossed PP surfaces bearing CuCl2·2H2O and Mg(OH)2 particles (at a concentration of 10 mg/mL) showed 3 log and 4 log reduction, respectively, against E.coli K-12 MG1655 after 24 h. Conclusion: The results clearly demonstrate that CuCl2·2H2O conferred anti-microbial properties to PP surfaces that were prepared by both injection molding as well as thermal embossing approaches owing to the presence of leachable copper ions. In contrast, the non-leachable Mg(OH)2 imparted anti-microbial properties only to the surface prepared via the thermal embossing technique. Significance and Impact of The Study: Plastics with leachable biocides are effective anti-microbial surfaces, but their toxicity is a major concern. This study provides a fabrication methodology for non-leachable PP-based anti-microbial surfaces that are potentially safer. In addition, this strategy can be extended to many other plastics substrates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-microbial%20activity" title="anti-microbial activity">anti-microbial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20coli%20K-12%20MG1655" title=" E. coli K-12 MG1655"> E. coli K-12 MG1655</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20%28II%29%20chloride%20dihydrate" title=" copper (II) chloride dihydrate"> copper (II) chloride dihydrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20hydroxide" title=" magnesium hydroxide"> magnesium hydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leachable" title=" leachable"> leachable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-leachable" title=" non-leachable"> non-leachable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compounding" title=" compounding"> compounding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20embossing" title=" thermal embossing"> thermal embossing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166090/fabrication-methodologies-for-anti-microbial-polypropylene-surfaces-with-leachable-and-non-leachable-anti-microbial-agents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3025</span> Top-Down and Bottom-up Effects in Rhizosphere-Plant-Aphid Interactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anas%20Cherqui">Anas Cherqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Audrey%20Pecourt"> Audrey Pecourt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuella%20Catterou"> Manuella Catterou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Candice%20Mazoyon"> Candice Mazoyon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herv%C3%A9%20Demailly"> Hervé Demailly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivien%20Sarazin"> Vivien Sarazin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Dubois"> Frédéric Dubois</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me%20Duclercq"> Jérôme Duclercq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aphids are pests that can cause severe yield losses in field crops. Chemical control is currently widely used to control aphids, but this method is increasingly controversial. The pea is able to recruit bacteria that are beneficial to its development, growth and health. However, the effects of this microbial recruitment on plant-insect interactions have generally been underestimated. This study investigated the interactions between Pisum sativum, key bacteria of pea rhizosphere (Rhizobium and Sphingomonas species) and the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. We assessed the bottom-up effects of single and combined bacterial inoculations on pea plant health and subsequent aphid performance, as well as the top-down effects of aphid infestation on soil functionality. The presence of S. sediminicola or S. daechungensis limited the fecundity of the pea aphid without strongly affecting its feeding behaviour. Nevertheless, these bacteria limited the effect of A. pisum on the plant phenotype. In addition, the aphid infestation decreased the soil functionality, suggesting a potential strategy to hinder the recruitment of beneficial microorganisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acyrthosiphon%20pisum" title="Acyrthosiphon pisum">Acyrthosiphon pisum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pisum%20sativum" title=" Pisum sativum"> Pisum sativum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sphingomonas" title=" Sphingomonas"> Sphingomonas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhizobium" title=" rhizobium"> rhizobium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EPG" title=" EPG"> EPG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191373/top-down-and-bottom-up-effects-in-rhizosphere-plant-aphid-interactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3024</span> Microbial Activity and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions in Recovery Process in a Grassland of China </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiushi%20Ning">Qiushi Ning</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nitrogen (N) is an important limiting factor of various ecosystems, and the N deposition rate is increasing unprecedentedly due to anthropogenic activities. The N deposition altered the microbial growth and activity, and microbial mediated N cycling through changing soil pH, the availability of N and carbon (C). The CO2, CH4 and N2O are important greenhouse gas which threaten the sustainability and function of the ecosystem. With the prolonged and increasing N enrichment, the soil acidification and C limitation will be aggravated, and the microbial biomass will be further declined. The soil acidification and lack of C induced by N addition are argued as two important factors regulating the microbial activity and growth, and the studies combined soil acidification with lack of C on microbial community are scarce. In order to restore the ecosystem affected by chronic N loading, we determined the responses of microbial activity and GHG emssions to lime and glucose (control, 1‰ lime, 2‰ lime, glucose, 1‰ lime×glucose and 2‰ lime×glucose) addition which was used to alleviate the soil acidification and supply C resource into soils with N addition rates 0-50 g N m–2yr–1. The results showed no significant responses of soil respiration and microbial biomass (MBC and MBN) to lime addition, however, the glucose substantially improved the soil respiration and microbial biomass (MBC and MBN); the cumulative CO2 emission and microbial biomass of lime×glucose treatments were not significantly higher than those of only glucose treatment. The glucose and lime×glucose treatments reduced the net mineralization and nitrification rate, due to inspired microbial growth via C supply incorporating more inorganic N to the biomass, and mineralization of organic N was relatively reduced. The glucose addition also increased the CH4 and N2O emissions, CH4 emissions was regulated mainly by C resource as a substrate for methanogen. However, the N2O emissions were regulated by both C resources and soil pH, the C was important energy and the increased soil pH could benefit the nitrifiers and denitrifiers which were primary producers of N2O. The soil respiration and N2O emissions increased with increasing N addition rates in all glucose treatments, as the external C resource improved microbial N utilization. Compared with alleviated soil acidification, the improved availability of C substantially increased microbial activity, therefore, the C should be the main limiting factor in long-term N loading soils. The most important, when we use the organic C fertilization to improve the production of the ecosystems, the GHG emissions and consequent warming potentials should be carefully considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acidification%20and%20C%20limitation" title="acidification and C limitation">acidification and C limitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas%20emission" title=" greenhouse gas emission"> greenhouse gas emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20activity" title=" microbial activity"> microbial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N%20deposition" title=" N deposition"> N deposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54487/microbial-activity-and-greenhouse-gas-ghg-emissions-in-recovery-process-in-a-grassland-of-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3023</span> Study on the Treatment of Waste Water Containing Nitrogen Heterocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Phenol-Induced Microbial Communities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhichao%20Li">Zhichao Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This project has treated the waste-water that contains the nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, by using the phenol-induced microbial communities. The treatment of nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is a difficult problem for coking waste-water treatment. Pyridine, quinoline and indole are three kinds of most common nitrogen heterocyclic compounds in the f, and treating these refractory organics biologically has always been a research focus. The phenol-degrading bacteria can be used in the enhanced biological treatment effectively, and has a good treatment effect. Therefore, using the phenol-induced microbial communities to treat the coking waste-water can remove multiple pollutants concurrently, and improve the treating efficiency of coking waste-water. Experiments have proved that the phenol-induced microbial communities can degrade the nitrogen heterocyclic ring aromatic hydrocarbon efficiently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenol" title="phenol">phenol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20heterocyclic%20aromatic%20hydrocarbons" title=" nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons"> nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenol-degrading%20bacteria" title=" phenol-degrading bacteria"> phenol-degrading bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20communities" title=" microbial communities"> microbial communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20treatment%20technology" title=" biological treatment technology"> biological treatment technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78438/study-on-the-treatment-of-waste-water-containing-nitrogen-heterocyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-by-phenol-induced-microbial-communities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3022</span> Study on Microbial Pretreatment for Enhancing Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corncob</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kessara%20Seneesrisakul">Kessara Seneesrisakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdogan%20Gulari"> Erdogan Gulari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumaeth%20Chavadej"> Sumaeth Chavadej</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The complex structure of lignocellulose leads to great difficulties in converting it to fermentable sugars for the ethanol production. The major hydrolysis impediments are the crystallinity of cellulose and the lignin content. To improve the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial pretreatment of corncob was investigated using two bacterial strains of Bacillus subtilis A 002 and Cellulomonas sp. TISTR 784 (expected to break open the crystalline part of cellulose) and lignin-degrading fungus, Phanerochaete sordida SK7 (expected to remove lignin from lignocellulose). The microbial pretreatment was carried out with each strain under its optimum conditions. The pretreated corncob samples were further hydrolyzed to produce reducing glucose with low amounts of commercial cellulase (25 U•g-1 corncob) from Aspergillus niger. The corncob samples were determined for composition change by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). According to the results, the microbial pretreatment with fungus, P. sordida SK7 was the most effective for enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis, approximately, 40% improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corncob" title="corncob">corncob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymatic%20hydrolysis" title=" enzymatic hydrolysis"> enzymatic hydrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose" title=" glucose"> glucose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20pretreatment" title=" microbial pretreatment"> microbial pretreatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12998/study-on-microbial-pretreatment-for-enhancing-enzymatic-hydrolysis-of-corncob" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">585</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3021</span> Microbes in Aquaculture: New Trends and Application in Freshwater Fish Culture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Younis%20Laghari">Muhammad Younis Laghari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microbial communities play the most important role in aquatic ecosystems. These microbes have a great role in fish growth and aquaculture production. Unfortunately, the farmers are unaware of these useful creatures. Nowadays, the trend of fish farming is developed to re-circulatory aquaculture system (RAS) to increase production and reduce the investment/management cost to increase the profit. However, sometimes, it has been observed that even the growth of fish is decreased in RAS without apparent changes in water quality. There is a great importance of microorganisms in aquaculture, where they occur naturally. However, they can be added artificially by applying different roles. Even these microbes play an important role in the degradation of organic matter and recycling nutrients, along with nutritional support to fish. Even some microorganisms may protect fish and larvae against diseases. But if not managed/utilized properly, they may cause to infect or kill the fish and their larvae. However, manipulating the microbes and monitoring them in aquaculture systems hold great potential to assess and improve the water quality as well as to control the development of microbial infections. While there is an utmost need for research to determine the microbiomes of healthy aquaculture systems, we also need to develop authentic methods for the successful manipulation of microbes as well as engineer these microbiomes. Hence, we should develop a plan to utilize and get full advantage from these microbial interactions for the successful management of aquaculture through advanced research and technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquaculture" title="aquaculture">aquaculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecology%20system" title=" ecology system"> ecology system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbes" title=" microbes"> microbes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20recycling" title=" nutrient recycling"> nutrient recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171893/microbes-in-aquaculture-new-trends-and-application-in-freshwater-fish-culture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3020</span> Exploring Antimicrobial Resistance in the Lung Microbial Community Using Unsupervised Machine Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camilo%20Cerda%20Sarabia">Camilo Cerda Sarabia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernanda%20Bravo%20Cornejo"> Fernanda Bravo Cornejo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diego%20Santibanez%20Oyarce"> Diego Santibanez Oyarce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugo%20Osses%20Prado"> Hugo Osses Prado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esteban%20G%C3%B3mez%20Ter%C3%A1n"> Esteban Gómez Terán</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bel%C3%A9n%20Diaz%20Diaz"> Belén Diaz Diaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ra%C3%BAl%20Caulier-Cisterna"> Raúl Caulier-Cisterna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20Vergara-Quezada"> Jorge Vergara-Quezada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Moya-Beltr%C3%A1n"> Ana Moya-Beltrán</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a significant and rapidly escalating global health threat. Projections estimate that by 2050, AMR infections could claim up to 10 million lives annually. Respiratory infections, in particular, pose a severe risk not only to individual patients but also to the broader public health system. Despite the alarming rise in resistant respiratory infections, AMR within the lung microbiome (microbial community) remains underexplored and poorly characterized. The lungs, as a complex and dynamic microbial environment, host diverse communities of microorganisms whose interactions and resistance mechanisms are not fully understood. Unlike studies that focus on individual genomes, analyzing the entire microbiome provides a comprehensive perspective on microbial interactions, resistance gene transfer, and community dynamics, which are crucial for understanding AMR. However, this holistic approach introduces significant computational challenges and exposes the limitations of traditional analytical methods such as the difficulty of identifying the AMR. Machine learning has emerged as a powerful tool to overcome these challenges, offering the ability to analyze complex genomic data and uncover novel insights into AMR that might be overlooked by conventional approaches. This study investigates microbial resistance within the lung microbiome using unsupervised machine learning approaches to uncover resistance patterns and potential clinical associations. it downloaded and selected lung microbiome data from HumanMetagenomeDB based on metadata characteristics such as relevant clinical information, patient demographics, environmental factors, and sample collection methods. The metadata was further complemented by details on antibiotic usage, disease status, and other relevant descriptions. The sequencing data underwent stringent quality control, followed by a functional profiling focus on identifying resistance genes through specialized databases like Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) which contains sequences of AMR gene sequence and resistance profiles. Subsequent analyses employed unsupervised machine learning techniques to unravel the structure and diversity of resistomes in the microbial community. Some of the methods employed were clustering methods such as K-Means and Hierarchical Clustering enabled the identification of sample groups based on their resistance gene profiles. The work was implemented in python, leveraging a range of libraries such as biopython for biological sequence manipulation, NumPy for numerical operations, Scikit-learn for machine learning, Matplotlib for data visualization and Pandas for data manipulation. The findings from this study provide insights into the distribution and dynamics of antimicrobial resistance within the lung microbiome. By leveraging unsupervised machine learning, we identified novel resistance patterns and potential drivers within the microbial community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20resistance" title="antibiotic resistance">antibiotic resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20community" title=" microbial community"> microbial community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsupervised%20machine%20learning." title=" unsupervised machine learning."> unsupervised machine learning.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequences%20of%20%20AMR%20gene" title=" sequences of AMR gene"> sequences of AMR gene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190239/exploring-antimicrobial-resistance-in-the-lung-microbial-community-using-unsupervised-machine-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3019</span> Microbial Quality of Beef and Mutton in Bauchi Metropolis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullahi%20Mohammed">Abdullahi Mohammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The microbial quality of beef and mutton sold in four major markets of Bauchi metropolis was assessed in order to assist in ascertaining safety. Shops were selected from 'Muda Lawal', 'Yelwa', 'Wunti', and 'Gwallameji' markets. The total bacterial count was used as index of quality. A total of thirty two (32) samples were collected in two successive visits. The samples were packed and labelled in a sterile polythene bags for transportation to the laboratory. Microbial analysis was carried out immediately upon arrival under a septic condition, where aerobic plate was used in determining the microbial load. Result showed that beef and mutton from Gwallameji had the highest bacterial count of 9.065 X 105 cfu/ml and 8.325 X 105 cfu/ml for beef and mutton respectively followed by Wunti market (6.95 X 105 beef and 4.838 X 105 motton) and Muda Lawal (4.86 X 105 cfu/ml beef and 5.998 X 105 cfu/ml mutton). Yelwa had 5.175 X 105 and 5.30 X 105 for beef and mutton respectively. Bacterial species isolated from the samples were Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Streptococcus species and Staphylococcus species. However, results obtained from all markets showed that there was no significant differences between beef and mutton in terms of microbial quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beef" title="beef">beef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutton" title=" mutton"> mutton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salmonella" title=" salmonella"> salmonella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sterile" title=" sterile"> sterile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34917/microbial-quality-of-beef-and-mutton-in-bauchi-metropolis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3018</span> A Holistic View of Microbial Community Dynamics during a Toxic Harmful Algal Bloom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shi-Bo%20Feng">Shi-Bo Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheng-Jie%20Zhang"> Sheng-Jie Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Zhou"> Jin Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between microbial diversity and algal bloom has received considerable attention for decades. Microbes undoubtedly affect annual bloom events and impact the physiology of both partners, as well as shape ecosystem diversity. However, knowledge about interactions and network correlations among broader-spectrum microbes that lead to the dynamics in a complete bloom cycle are limited. In this study, pyrosequencing and network approaches simultaneously assessed the associate patterns among bacteria, archaea, and microeukaryotes in surface water and sediments in response to a natural dinoflagellate (Alexandrium sp.) bloom. In surface water, among the bacterial community, Gamma-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated in the initial bloom stage, while Alpha-Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteria become the most abundant taxa during the post-stage. In the archaea biosphere, it clustered predominantly with Methanogenic members in the early pre-bloom period while the majority of species identified in the later-bloom stage were ammonia-oxidizing archaea and Halobacteriales. In eukaryotes, dinoflagellate (Alexandrium sp.) was dominated in the onset stage, whereas multiply species (such as microzooplankton, diatom, green algae, and rotifera) coexistence in bloom collapse stag. In sediments, the microbial species biomass and richness are much higher than the water body. Only Flavobacteriales and Rhodobacterales showed a slight response to bloom stages. Unlike the bacteria, there are small fluctuations of archaeal and eukaryotic structure in the sediment. The network analyses among the inter-specific associations show that bacteria (Alteromonadaceae, Oceanospirillaceae, Cryomorphaceae, and Piscirickettsiaceae) and some zooplankton (Mediophyceae, Mamiellophyceae, Dictyochophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae) have a stronger impact on the structuring of phytoplankton communities than archaeal effects. The changes in population were also significantly shaped by water temperature and substrate availability (N & P resources). The results suggest that clades are specialized at different time-periods and that the pre-bloom succession was mainly a bottom-up controlled, and late-bloom period was controlled by top-down patterns. Additionally, phytoplankton and prokaryotic communities correlated better with each other, which indicate interactions among microorganisms are critical in controlling plankton dynamics and fates. Our results supplied a wider view (temporal and spatial scales) to understand the microbial ecological responses and their network association during algal blooming. It gives us a potential multidisciplinary explanation for algal-microbe interaction and helps us beyond the traditional view linked to patterns of algal bloom initiation, development, decline, and biogeochemistry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20community" title="microbial community">microbial community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmful%20algal%20bloom" title=" harmful algal bloom"> harmful algal bloom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20process" title=" ecological process"> ecological process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101891/a-holistic-view-of-microbial-community-dynamics-during-a-toxic-harmful-algal-bloom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3017</span> Comparison of Rumen Microbial Analysis Pipelines Based on 16s rRNA Gene Sequencing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoxing%20Ye">Xiaoxing Ye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To investigate complex rumen microbial communities, 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing is widely used. Here, we evaluated the impact of bioinformatics pipelines on the observation of OTUs and taxonomic classification of 750 cattle rumen microbial samples by comparing three commonly used pipelines (LotuS, UPARSE, and QIIME) with Usearch. In LotuS-based analyses, 189 archaeal and 3894 bacterial OTUs were observed. The observed OTUs for the Usearch analysis were significantly larger than the LotuS results. We discovered 1495 OTUs for archaea and 92665 OTUs for bacteria using Usearch analysis. In addition, taxonomic assignments were made for the rumen microbial samples. All pipelines had consistent taxonomic annotations from the phylum to the genus level. A difference in relative abundance was calculated for all microbial levels, including Bacteroidetes (QIIME: 72.2%, Usearch: 74.09%), Firmicutes (QIIME: 18.3%, Usearch: 20.20%) for the bacterial phylum, Methanobacteriales (QIIME: 64.2%, Usearch: 45.7%) for the archaeal class, Methanobacteriaceae (QIIME: 35%, Usearch: 45.7%) and Methanomassiliicoccaceae (QIIME: 35%, Usearch: 31.13%) for archaeal family. However, the most prevalent archaeal class varied between these two annotation pipelines. The Thermoplasmata was the top class according to the QIIME annotation, whereas Methanobacteria was the top class according to Usearch. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cattle%20rumen" title="cattle rumen">cattle rumen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rumen%20microbial" title=" rumen microbial"> rumen microbial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=16S%20rRNA%20gene%20sequencing" title=" 16S rRNA gene sequencing"> 16S rRNA gene sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics%20pipeline" title=" bioinformatics pipeline"> bioinformatics pipeline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171247/comparison-of-rumen-microbial-analysis-pipelines-based-on-16s-rrna-gene-sequencing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3016</span> Analysis of a Lignocellulose Degrading Microbial Consortium to Enhance the Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straws</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supanun%20Kangrang">Supanun Kangrang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kraipat%20Cheenkachorn"> Kraipat Cheenkachorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kittiphong%20Rattanaporn"> Kittiphong Rattanaporn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malinee%20Sriariyanun"> Malinee Sriariyanun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice straw is lignocellulosic biomass which can be utilized as substrate for the biogas production. However, due to the property and composition of rice straw, it is difficult to be degraded by hydrolysis enzymes. One of the pretreatment method that modifies such properties of lignocellulosic biomass is the application of lignocellulose-degrading microbial consortia. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of microbial consortia to enhance biogas production. To select the high efficient consortium, cellulase enzymes were extracted and their activities were analyzed. The results suggested that microbial consortium culture obtained from cattle manure is the best candidate compared to decomposed wood and horse manure. A microbial consortium isolated from cattle manure was then mixed with anaerobic sludge and used as inoculum for biogas production. The optimal conditions for biogas production were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). The tested parameters were the ratio of amount of microbial consortium isolated and amount of anaerobic sludge (MI:AS), substrate to inoculum ratio (S:I) and temperature. Here, the value of the regression coefficient R2 = 0.7661 could be explained by the model which is high to advocate the significance of the model. The highest cumulative biogas yield was 104.6 ml/g-rice straw at optimum ratio of MI:AS, ratio of S:I, and temperature of 2.5:1, 15:1 and 44°C respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignocellulolytic%20biomass" title="lignocellulolytic biomass">lignocellulolytic biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20consortium" title=" microbial consortium"> microbial consortium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulase" title=" cellulase"> cellulase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas" title=" biogas"> biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Response%20Surface%20Methodology%20%28RSM%29" title=" Response Surface Methodology (RSM)"> Response Surface Methodology (RSM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21514/analysis-of-a-lignocellulose-degrading-microbial-consortium-to-enhance-the-anaerobic-digestion-of-rice-straws" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3015</span> Microbial Fuel Cells in Waste Water Treatment and Electricity Generation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajalaxmi%20N.">Rajalaxmi N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Padma%20Bhat"> Padma Bhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooja%20Garag"> Pooja Garag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooja%20N.%20M."> Pooja N. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20S.%20Hombalimath"> V. S. Hombalimath</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is the advancement of science that aims at utilizing the oxidizing potential of bacteria for wastewater treatment and production of bio-hydrogen and bio-electricity. Salt-bridge is the economic alternative to highly priced proton-exchange membrane in the construction of a microbial fuel cell. This paper studies the electricity generating capacity of E.coli and Clostridium sporogenes in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Unlike most of MFC research, this targets the long term goals of renewable energy production and wastewater treatment. In present study the feasibility and potential of bioelectricity production from different wastewater was observed. Different wastewater was primarily treated which were confirmed by the COD tests which showed reduction of COD. We observe that the electricity production of MFCs decreases almost linearly after 120 hrs. The sewage wastewater containing Clostridium sporogenes showed bioelectricity production up to 188mV with COD removal of 60.52%. Sewage wastewater efficiently produces bioelectricity and this also helpful to reduce wastewater pollution load. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20fuel%20cell" title="microbial fuel cell">microbial fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioelectricity" title=" bioelectricity"> bioelectricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20bridge" title=" salt bridge"> salt bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COD" title=" COD"> COD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23470/microbial-fuel-cells-in-waste-water-treatment-and-electricity-generation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">537</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3014</span> Screening and Evaluation of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria of Wheat/Faba Bean for Increasing Productivity and Yield</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasir%20Arafat">Yasir Arafat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Shah"> Asma Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hua%20Shao"> Hua Shao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aims: Legume/cereal intercropping is used worldwide for enhancement in biomass and yield of cereal crops. However, because of intercropping, the belowground biological and chemical interactions and their effect on physiological parameters and yield of crops are limited. Methods: Wheat faba bean (WF) intercropping was designed to understand the underlying changes in the soil's chemical environment, soil microbial communities, and effect on growth and yield parameters. Experimental plots were established as having no root partition (NRP), semi-root partition (SRP), complete root partition (CRP), and their sole cropping (CK). Low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) were determined by GC-MS, and high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was carried out to screen microbial structure and composition in different root partitions of the WF intercropping system. Results: We show that intercropping induced a shift in the relative abundance of some genera of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) such as Allorhizobium, Neorhizobium, Pararhizobium, and Rhizobium species and resulted in better growth and yield performance of wheat. Moreover, as the plant's distance of wheat from faba beans decreased, the diversity of microbes increased, and a positive effect was observed on physiological traits and crop yield. Furthermore, an abundance and positive correlations of palmitic acid, arachidic acid, stearic acid, and 9-Octadecenoic with PGPR were recorded in the root zone of WF intercropping, which can play an important role in this facilitative mechanism of enhancing growth and yield of cereals. Conclusion: The two treatments clearly affected soil microbial and chemical composition, which can be reflected in growth and yield enhancement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercropping" title="intercropping">intercropping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20community" title=" microbial community"> microbial community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMWOAs" title=" LMWOAs"> LMWOAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PGPR" title=" PGPR"> PGPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20chemical%20environment" title=" soil chemical environment"> soil chemical environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179034/screening-and-evaluation-of-plant-growth-promoting-rhizobacteria-of-wheatfaba-bean-for-increasing-productivity-and-yield" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3013</span> Harnessing the Power of Mixed Ligand Complexes: Enhancing Antimicrobial Activities with Thiosemicarbazones</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakshi%20Gupta">Sakshi Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seema%20Joshi"> Seema Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) have garnered significant attention in coordination chemistry due to their versatile coordination modes and pharmacological properties. Mixed ligand complexes of TSCs represent a promising area of research, offering enhanced antimicrobial activities compared to their parent compounds. This review provides an overview of the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties of mixed ligand complexes incorporating thiosemicarbazones. The synthesis of mixed ligand complexes typically involves the reaction of a metal salt with TSC ligands and additional ligands, such as nitrogen- or oxygen-based ligands. Various transition metals, including copper, nickel, and cobalt, have been employed to form mixed ligand complexes with TSCs. Characterization techniques such as spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and elemental analysis are commonly utilized to confirm the structures of these complexes. One of the key advantages of mixed ligand complexes is their enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to pure TSC compounds. The synergistic effect between the TSC ligands and additional ligands contributes to increased efficacy, possibly through improved metal-ligand interactions or enhanced membrane permeability. Furthermore, mixed ligand complexes offer the potential for selective targeting of microbial species while minimizing toxicity to mammalian cells. This selectivity arises from the specific interactions between the metal center, TSC ligands, and biological targets within microbial cells. Such targeted antimicrobial activity is crucial for developing effective treatments with minimal side effects. Moreover, the versatility of mixed ligand complexes allows for the design of tailored antimicrobial agents with optimized properties. By varying the metal ion, TSC ligands, and additional ligands, researchers can fine-tune the physicochemical properties and biological activities of these complexes. This tunability opens avenues for the development of novel antimicrobial agents with improved efficacy and reduced resistance. In conclusion, mixed ligand complexes of thiosemicarbazones represent a promising class of compounds with potent antimicrobial activities. Further research in this field holds great potential for the development of novel therapeutic agents to combat microbial infections effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20complex" title="metal complex">metal complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thiosemicarbazones" title=" thiosemicarbazones"> thiosemicarbazones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20ligand" title=" mixed ligand"> mixed ligand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20targeting" title=" selective targeting"> selective targeting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title=" antimicrobial activity"> antimicrobial activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182694/harnessing-the-power-of-mixed-ligand-complexes-enhancing-antimicrobial-activities-with-thiosemicarbazones" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20interactions&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20interactions&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20interactions&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20interactions&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20interactions&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20interactions&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20interactions&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20interactions&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20interactions&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20interactions&page=101">101</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20interactions&page=102">102</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20interactions&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>