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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Голо Ман – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Голо Ман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گولو مان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گولو مان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9F" title="גולו מאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גולו מאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%84_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88" title="رجل قولو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رجل قولو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD,_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Манн, Голо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Манн, Голо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Голо Манн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Голо Манн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Golo Mann" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%88%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC" title="戈洛·曼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="戈洛·曼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q77109#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">20th-century German popular historian</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Golo Mann</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F053560-0013,_Rh%C3%B6ndorf,_Sitzung_Stiftung_Adenauer-Haus_(Golo_Mann).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F053560-0013%2C_Rh%C3%B6ndorf%2C_Sitzung_Stiftung_Adenauer-Haus_%28Golo_Mann%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="268" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="214" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Angelus Gottfried Thomas Mann</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1909-03-27</span>)</span>27 March 1909<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 April 1994<span style="display:none">(1994-04-07)</span> (aged 85)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">German, Swiss</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Freiburg" title="University of Freiburg">University of Freiburg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>German History in the 19th and 20th Century</i> (1958); <i>Wallenstein; sein Leben erzählt</i> (1971); <i>Erinnerungen und Gedanken. Eine Jugend in Deutschland</i> (1986)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a> (father)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Katia_Pringsheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Katia Pringsheim">Katia Pringsheim</a> (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category">Historian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Men%27s_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Claremont Men's College">Claremont Men's College</a>, California; <a href="/wiki/University_of_Stuttgart" title="University of Stuttgart">University of Stuttgart</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Golo Mann</b> (born <b>Angelus Gottfried Thomas Mann</b>; 27 March 1909 – 7 April 1994) was a popular German <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">essayist</a>. After completing a doctorate in philosophy under <a href="/wiki/Karl_Jaspers" title="Karl Jaspers">Karl Jaspers</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, in 1933 he fled <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Hitler's Germany</a>. He followed his father, the writer <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a>, and other members of his family in emigrating first to France, then to Switzerland and, on the eve of war, to the United States. From the late 1950s he re-established himself in Switzerland and West Germany as a literary historian. </p><p>Mann was perhaps best known for his master work <i>German History in the 19th and 20th Century</i> (1958). A survey of German political history, it emphasised the nihilistic and aberrant nature of the Hitler regime. In his later years, Mann took issue with historians who sought to contextualise the crimes of the regime by comparing them with those of <a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and with wartime <a href="/wiki/Allied_bombing_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied bombing of Germany">Allied bombing</a>. At the same time he was sharply critical of those, broadly on the left, who carried a unique German guilt for the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a> not only back into the pre-Nazi past but forward in a manner that seemed to question the legitimacy of the postwar <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Germany">Federal Republic</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golo_Mann&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mann was born in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, the grandchild, on the side of his mother, <a href="/wiki/Katia_Pringsheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Katia Pringsheim">Katia</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/German_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="German Jewish">German Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a> and artist <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Pringsheim" title="Alfred Pringsheim">Alfred Pringsheim</a> and the actress <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_Pringsheim" title="Hedwig Pringsheim">Hedwig Pringsheim</a>, and on the side of his father, the writer <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a> senator and <a href="/wiki/Grain_trade" title="Grain trade">grain merchant</a> Johann Heinrich Mann and his Brazilian wife, the writer <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BAlia_da_Silva_Bruhns" title="Júlia da Silva Bruhns">Júlia da Silva Bruhns</a> who was of Portuguese-Indigenous Brazilian descent.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a child, he pronounced his first name as <i>Golo</i>, and this name was adopted. He had an elder sister, <a href="/wiki/Erika_Mann" title="Erika Mann">Erika Mann</a>, an elder brother, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Mann" title="Klaus Mann">Klaus Mann</a>, and three younger siblings, <a href="/wiki/Monika_Mann" title="Monika Mann">Monika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Mann-Borgese" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth Mann-Borgese">Elisabeth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Mann_(scholar)" title="Michael Mann (scholar)">Michael</a>. </p><p>In her diary his mother describes him in his early years as sensitive, nervous and frightened.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father hardly concealed his disappointment and rarely mentioned the son in his diary. Golo Mann in turn described him later: "Indeed he was able to radiate some kindness, but mostly it was silence, strictness, nervousness or rage."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among his siblings he was most tightly connected with Klaus, whereas he disliked the dogmatism and radical views of his sister Erika.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An average pupil, he received a classical education at the <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmsgymnasium_(Munich)" title="Wilhelmsgymnasium (Munich)">Wilhelms-Gymnasium</a> in Munich beginning in September 1918, revealing talents in <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, and especially in reciting poems, the latter being a lifelong passion.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Longing to be like the others", at school he joined a nationalist youth association (Deutsch-Nationale Jugendbund) but was soon talked out of it by the conversations he heard at the family table: discussion of the need for "tolerance and above all peace, and therefore of above all, so Franco-German reconciliation". Later in the 1920s he shared his father's enthusiasm for <a href="/wiki/Paneuropean_Union" title="Paneuropean Union">Pan-European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-www.rbb-online.de-1965_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.rbb-online.de-1965-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New horizons appeared to open in 1923, when Mann entered the <a href="/wiki/Schule_Schloss_Salem" title="Schule Schloss Salem">Schule Schloss Salem</a>, a famously spartan boarding school where he was joined by his sister Monika, near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a>. He felt liberated from home, enjoyed the new educational approach, and developed an enduring passion for hiking. Yet in 1925 Mann suffered a mental crisis that overshadowed the rest of his life. "In those days the doubt entered my life, or rather broke in with tremendous power ... I was seized by darkest melancholy."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon the final school exams in 1927, he commenced his studies of law in Munich, moving the same year to <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and switching to history and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>. He used the summer of 1928 to learn <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and to get to know "real work" during six weeks in a coal mine in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Lusatia" title="Lower Lusatia">Lower Lusatia</a>, abruptly stopping because of new knee injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At last Mann entered the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Heidelberg">University of Heidelberg</a> in spring 1929. Here he followed the advice of his teacher <a href="/wiki/Karl_Jaspers" title="Karl Jaspers">Karl Jaspers</a> to graduate in philosophy on the one hand, and to study history and Latin with the prospect of becoming a schoolteacher on the other. He nevertheless found time to join a <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social-Democratic Party</a> student group in the autumn of 1930. The students were sharply critical of the party leadership in Berlin for tolerating the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidentialist</a> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Br%C3%BCning" title="Heinrich Brüning">Brüning government</a>. In May 1932, Mann finished his dissertation, <i>Concerning the terms of the individual and the ego in Hegel's works</i>, which was rated with an average <i>cum laude</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (While recognising Mann's literary potential, Jaspers suggested to Mann that the lack of originality and clarity in his analysis is something that would have shamed his father).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Golo Mann's plans to further his university studies in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a> were interrupted in January 1933 by Adolf Hitler's appointment as German Chancellor. His father, who never hesitated to articulate his dislike for <a href="/wiki/National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialism">National Socialism</a>, and his mother moved to Switzerland. Golo Mann looked after the family house in Munich in April 1933, helped his three younger siblings leave the country and brought the greater part of his parents' savings via <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a> and the German embassy in Paris to <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emigration">Emigration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golo_Mann&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Emigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 31 May 1933, Mann left Germany for the French town of <a href="/wiki/Bandol" title="Bandol">Bandol</a> near <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a>. He spent the summer at the mansion of the American travel writer <a href="/wiki/William_Seabrook" title="William Seabrook">William Seabrook</a> near <a href="/wiki/Sanary-sur-Mer" title="Sanary-sur-Mer">Sanary-sur-Mer</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and lived six further weeks at the new family house in Küsnacht near <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>. In November, he joined the École Normale Supérieure at Saint-Cloud near Paris for two <i>intensive, instructive years</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as lecturer on the German language. At that time, he worked for the emigrants' journal <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Sammlung" title="Die Sammlung">Die Sammlung</a></i> (<i>The Collection</i>) founded by his brother Klaus. </p><p>In November 1935, Mann accepted a call from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rennes" title="University of Rennes">University of Rennes</a> to lecture on German language and literature. Mann's travels to Switzerland suggest that the relationship with his father was easier, perhaps because Thomas Mann had learned to appreciate his son's political knowledge. But it was only when Golo Mann helped edit his father's diaries in later years that he realised fully how much acceptance he had gained.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a confidential note to the German critic <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Reich-Ranicki" title="Marcel Reich-Ranicki">Marcel Reich-Ranicki</a> he wrote, "It was inevitable that I had to wish his death; but I was completely broken-hearted when he passed away".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1936, Thomas Mann and his family were deprived of their German citizenship. His father's admirer, the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czech</a> businessman Rudolf Fleischmann, helped Golo Mann obtain <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovak</a> citizenship, but plans to continue studies in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> were disrupted by the <a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Sudeten crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early in 1939, Mann traveled to <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton, New Jersey</a>, where his father worked as guest professor. Although war was drawing closer, he hesitantly returned to Zürich in August to become editor of the emigrant journal <i>Maß und Wert</i> (Measure and Value). </p><p>As a reaction to <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">successes in the West</a> in May 1940 during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and at a time when many of his friends in Zürich were being mobilised for the defence of Swiss neutrality, Mann decided to join a Czech military unit on French soil as a volunteer. Upon crossing the border he was arrested at <a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a> and brought to the French concentration camp <a href="/wiki/Camp_des_Milles" title="Camp des Milles">Les Milles</a>, a brickyard near <a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a>. In the beginning of August, in what was then unoccupied <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a>, he was released by the intervention of an American committee. On 13 September 1940, he undertook a daring escape from <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> to <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. With him were his uncle <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Mann" title="Heinrich Mann">Heinrich Mann</a>, the latter's wife Nelly Kröger, <a href="/wiki/Alma_Mahler" title="Alma Mahler">Alma Mahler-Werfel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Werfel" title="Franz Werfel">Franz Werfel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 October 1940, they boarded the <i><a href="/wiki/Greek_Line" title="Greek Line">Nea Hellas</a></i> headed for New York City. </p><p>Mann stayed at his parents' house in Princeton, then in New York City where he lived for a time in what his father described as a "kind of Bohemian colony" with <a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">W. H. Auden</a> (with whom his sister Erika contracted a marriage of convenience), <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a>, the tenor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pears" title="Peter Pears">Peter Pears</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the autumn of 1942, Mann finally got the chance to teach history at <a href="/wiki/Olivet_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Olivet College">Olivet College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, but soon followed his brother Klaus into the <a href="/wiki/US_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army">US Army</a>. After basic training at <a href="/wiki/Fort_McClellan" title="Fort McClellan">Fort McClellan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, he worked at the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">Office of Strategic Services</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> In his capacity as intelligence officer it was his duty to collect and translate relevant information. </p><p>In April 1944, he was sent to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> where he made radio commentaries for the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German language</a> division of the American Broadcasting Station. For the last months of World War II, he worked in same function for a military propaganda station in <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>. Then he helped organise the foundation of Radio Frankfurt. During this period, he worked with, and won the confidence of, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lochner" title="Robert Lochner">Robert Lochner</a>. Returning to Germany in the immediate aftermath of the Allied advance, he was shocked at the extent of destruction, especially that caused by <a href="/wiki/Allied_bombing_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied bombing of Germany">British and American bombing.</a> </p><p>In 1946, Mann left the US Army by his own request. He nevertheless kept a job as civil control officer, watching the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Trials">war crimes trials</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> in this capacity. The same year saw the publication of his first book of lasting value, a biography in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> of the 19th century diplomat <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Gentz" title="Friedrich von Gentz">Friedrich von Gentz</a> who was to account a critical influence upon his own political thinking.<sup id="cite_ref-www.rbb-online.de-1965_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.rbb-online.de-1965-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the autumn of 1947, Mann became an assistant professor of history at <a href="/wiki/Claremont_Men%27s_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Claremont Men's College">Claremont Men's College</a> in California. In hindsight he recalled the nine-year engagement as "the happiest of my life"; on the other hand, he complained, "My students are scornful, unfriendly and painfully stupid as never before".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The professorship in California was interrupted by several residences in German-speaking <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_Europe">Return to Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golo_Mann&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Return to Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1956 and 1957, Mann spent many weeks at the tavern <i>Zur Krone</i> at <a href="/wiki/Altnau" title="Altnau">Altnau</a> on the shores of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a>, writing his <i>German History of the 19th and 20th century</i>. It was published in 1958 and became an instant bestseller. It also marked his final return to Europe because he became guest professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="University of Münster">University of Münster</a> for two winter terms in a row. </p><p>In autumn 1960, Mann joined the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Stuttgart" title="University of Stuttgart">University of Stuttgart</a> (then the <i>Technische Hochschule Stuttgart</i>) in the higher position of professor in ordinary for <a href="/wiki/Political_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Science">Political Science</a>. It soon became clear that he felt unsatisfied with the machinery at the universities: "In those years I had a feeling of immense, but fruitless effort without getting any echo. This led to a depression that made me resign the professorship in 1963".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the following years, Mann worked as a free-lance historian and essayist, suffering in both capacities from chronic overwork that increasingly damaged not only his work but also his health. He took up residence at his parents' house in <a href="/wiki/Kilchberg,_Zurich" title="Kilchberg, Zurich">Kilchberg</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Lake_of_Zurich" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake of Zurich">Lake of Zurich</a>, where he lived until 1993 — sharing the house for most years with his mother. </p><p>Of his sixteen historical studies, the bestselling proved to be a monumental biography of <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Wallenstein" title="Albrecht von Wallenstein">Albrecht von Wallenstein</a> published in 1971. It arose from a fascination in childhood with the role in the Thirty Years' War of the imperial marshal for which, Mann confessed, he had no satisfactory explanation.<sup id="cite_ref-www.rbb-online.de-1965_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.rbb-online.de-1965-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times"><i>LA Times</i></a> described <i>Wallenstein: His Life Narrated</i> as “a work not only of erudition but of art.”<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_engagement">Political engagement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golo_Mann&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political engagement"><span>edit</span></a><span 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div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_Germany" title="Category:Conservatism in Germany">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#154E9D; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a 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mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_conservatism_in_Germany" title="Agrarian conservatism in Germany">Agrarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ordoliberalism" title="Ordoliberalism">Ordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritter_School" title="Ritter School">Ritter School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_German-speaking_countries" title="Monarchism in German-speaking countries">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">Nationalist</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Neue_Rechte" title="Neue Rechte">Neue Rechte</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_nationalism" title="Völkisch nationalism">Völkisch</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternalistic_conservatism" title="Paternalistic conservatism">Paternalistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Socialism_(Germany)" title="State Socialism (Germany)">State Socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussianism" title="Prussianism">Prussianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_cameralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian cameralism">Cameralistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian socialism">Socialist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution" title="Conservative Revolution">Revolutionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution#Young_conservatives" title="Conservative Revolution">Young</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_Hegelians" title="Right Hegelians">Right-Hegelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Historical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="German Historical School">Historical School</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_values" title="Christian values">Christian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_nobility" title="German nobility">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinschaft_and_Gesellschaft" title="Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft"><i>Gemeinschaft</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geopolitik" title="Geopolitik">Geopolitik</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanisation" title="Germanisation">Germanisation</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Heimat" title="Heimat">Heimat</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_colonial_empire" title="German colonial empire">Imperialism</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/In_Treue_fest" title="In Treue fest">In Treue fest</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Germany" title="Culture of Germany">Kultur</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medievalism" title="Medievalism">Medievalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism#Germany" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organicism#In_politics_and_sociology" title="Organicism">Organicism</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology#Germany" title="Political theology">Political theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_virtues" title="Prussian virtues">Prussian virtues</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sittlichkeit" title="Sittlichkeit">Sittlichkeit</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy#Germany" title="Social market economy">Social market economy</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sonderweg" title="Sonderweg">Sonderweg</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity" title="Subsidiarity">Subsidiarity</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volk" title="Volk">Volk</a></i></span> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Geist#Volksgeist" title="Geist">Volksgeist</a></i></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20_July_plot" title="20 July plot">20 July plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Socialist_Laws" title="Anti-Socialist Laws">Anti-Socialist Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad_Decrees" title="Carlsbad Decrees">Carlsbad Decrees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erkl%C3%A4rung_2018" title="Erklärung 2018"><i>Erklärung</i> 2018</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Freikorps" title="Freikorps">Freikorps</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Reich" title="German Reich">German <i>Reich</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_Manifesto" title="Heidelberg Manifesto">Heidelberg Manifesto</a></i></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Historikerstreit" title="Historikerstreit">Historikerstreit</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junker_(Prussia)" title="Junker (Prussia)">The Junkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Bavaria_after_1918" title="Monarchism in Bavaria after 1918">Monarchism in Bavaria after 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oster_conspiracy" title="Oster conspiracy">Oster conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George-Kreis" title="George-Kreis">George-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimar_culture#Berlin's_reputation_for_decadence" title="Weimar culture">Perceived Weimar decadence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig_school_(sociology)" title="Leipzig school (sociology)">Leipzig school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">Völkisch movement</a> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Wandervogel" title="Wandervogel">Wandervogel</a></i></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Bolz" title="Norbert Bolz">Norbert Bolz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerich_Coreth" title="Emerich Coreth">Emerich Coreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henning_Eichberg" title="Henning Eichberg">Eichberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Freyer" title="Hans Freyer">Freyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_Gadamer" title="Hans-Georg Gadamer">Gadamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_August_Graf_von_Galen" title="Clemens August Graf von Galen">von Galen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Gehlen" title="Arnold Gehlen">Gehlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Gogarten" title="Friedrich Gogarten">Gogarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_G%C3%B6rres" title="Joseph Görres">Görres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Hamann" title="Johann Georg Hamann">Hamann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hielscher" title="Friedrich Hielscher">Hielscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Hildebrand" title="Dietrich von Hildebrand">von Hildebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Jünger (Ernst)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Georg_J%C3%BCnger" title="Friedrich Georg Jünger">Jünger (Friedrich)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Kantorowicz" title="Ernst Kantorowicz">Kantorowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Klages" title="Ludwig Klages">Klages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Kommerell" title="Max Kommerell">Kommerell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhart_Koselleck" title="Reinhart Koselleck">Koselleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Lilienfeld" title="Paul von Lilienfeld">von Lilienfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_L%C3%B6with" title="Karl Löwith">Löwith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_L%C3%BCbbe" title="Hermann Lübbe">Lübbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Moeller_van_den_Bruck" title="Arthur Moeller van den Bruck">Moeller van den Bruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_M%C3%BCller" title="Adam Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Nolte" title="Ernst Nolte">Nolte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Pieper" title="Josef Pieper">Pieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmuth_Plessner" title="Helmuth Plessner">Plessner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Ranke" title="Leopold von Ranke">von Ranke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Reck-Malleczewen" title="Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen">Reck-Malleczewen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ritter" title="Gerhard Ritter">Ritter (Gerhard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Ritter" title="Joachim Ritter">Ritter (Joachim)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_R%C3%BCstow" title="Alexander Rüstow">Rüstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Salomon" title="Ernst von Salomon">von Salomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Scheler" title="Max Scheler">Scheler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schelsky" title="Helmut Schelsky">Schelsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schlegel" title="Friedrich Schlegel">Schlegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Peter_Sieferle" title="Rolf Peter Sieferle">Sieferle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sloterdijk" title="Peter Sloterdijk">Sloterdijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Sombart" title="Werner Sombart">Sombart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Spaemann" title="Robert Spaemann">Spaemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Steinbuch" title="Karl Steinbuch">Steinbuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_T%C3%B6nnies" title="Ferdinand Tönnies">Tönnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Treitschke" title="Heinrich von Treitschke">von Treitschke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Weber" title="Alfred Weber">Weber</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Addresses_to_the_German_Nation" title="Addresses to the German Nation">Addresses to the German Nation</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1806)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elements_of_the_Philosophy_of_Right" title="Elements of the Philosophy of Right">Elements of the Philosophy of Right</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1820)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_National_System_of_Political_Economy" class="mw-redirect" title="The National System of Political Economy">The National System</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1837)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Degeneration_(Nordau)" title="Degeneration (Nordau)">Degeneration</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1892)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ressentiment_(book)" title="Ressentiment (book)">Ressentiment</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reflections_of_a_Nonpolitical_Man" title="Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man">Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1918)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Decline_of_the_West" title="The Decline of the West">The Decline of the West</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1918, 1922)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ideology_and_Utopia" title="Ideology and Utopia">Ideology and Utopia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_and_Technics" title="Man and Technics">Man and Technics</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1931)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Concept_of_the_Political" title="The Concept of the Political">The Concept of the Political</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1932)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Marble_Cliffs" title="On the Marble Cliffs">On the Marble Cliffs</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1939)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man._His_Nature_and_Place_in_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Man. His Nature and Place in the World">Man</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1940)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diary_of_a_Man_in_Despair" title="Diary of a Man in Despair">Diary of a Man in Despair</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1947)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Questionnaire_(Salomon_novel)" title="The Questionnaire (Salomon novel)">The Questionnaire</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1951)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Its_Epoch" title="Fascism in Its Epoch">Fascism in Its Epoch</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1963)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Envy:_A_Theory_of_Social_Behavior" title="Envy: A Theory of Social Behavior">Envy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1966)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moral_und_Hypermoral" title="Moral und Hypermoral">Moral und Hypermoral</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1969)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rules_for_the_Human_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Rules for the Human Park">Rules for the Human Park</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Germany_Abolishes_Itself" title="Germany Abolishes Itself">Germany Abolishes Itself</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2010)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finis_Germania" title="Finis Germania">Finis Germania</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Anrich" title="Ernst Anrich">Anrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Aust" title="Stefan Aust">Aust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_M._Broder" title="Henryk M. Broder">Broder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Deschner" title="Günther Deschner">Deschner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fasbender" title="Thomas Fasbender">Thomas Fasbender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Herman" title="Eva Herman">Herman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrud_H%C3%B6hler" title="Gertrud Höhler">Höhler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Krause_Landt" title="Andreas Krause Landt">Krause Landt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Kuby" title="Gabriele Kuby">Kuby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_L%C3%B6ns" title="Hermann Löns">Hermann Löns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_L%C3%B6wenthal" title="Gerhard Löwenthal">Löwenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Maschke" title="Günter Maschke">Maschke</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mann (Golo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhart_Maurer" title="Reinhart Maurer">Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilman_Nagel" title="Tilman Nagel">Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Nebel" title="Gerhard Nebel">Nebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Noelle-Neumann" title="Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann">Noelle-Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Otte" title="Max Otte">Otte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akif_Pirin%C3%A7ci" title="Akif Pirinçci">Pirinçci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Rainer_R%C3%B6hl" title="Klaus Rainer Röhl">Röhl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCdiger_Safranski" title="Rüdiger Safranski">Safranski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thilo_Sarrazin" title="Thilo Sarrazin">Sarrazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_von_Schrenck-Notzing" title="Caspar von Schrenck-Notzing">von Schrenck-Notzing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimo_Schwilk" title="Heimo Schwilk">Schwilk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Stein" title="Dieter Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botho_Strauss" title="Botho Strauss">Strauss (Botho)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_St%C3%BCrmer" title="Michael Stürmer">Stürmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Tichy" title="Roland Tichy">Tichy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Wei%C3%9Fmann" title="Karlheinz Weißmann">Weißmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Zehrer" title="Hans Zehrer">Zehrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Zitelmann" title="Rainer Zitelmann">Zitelmann</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Adenauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ancillon" title="Friedrich Ancillon">Ancillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwe_Barschel" title="Uwe Barschel">Barschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">von Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_von_Bose" title="Herbert von Bose">von Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Fehrenbach" title="Constantin Fehrenbach">Fehrenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Filbinger" title="Hans Filbinger">Filbinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_von_Gerlach" title="Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach">von Gerlach</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Goerdeler" title="Carl Friedrich Goerdeler">Goerdeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Held" title="Heinrich Held">Held</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg" title="Paul von Hindenburg">von Hindenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hugenberg" title="Alfred Hugenberg">Hugenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Jongen" title="Marc Jongen">Jongen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Jung" title="Edgar Jung">Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Kapp" title="Wolfgang Kapp">Kapp</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Kohl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Krah" title="Maximilian Krah">Krah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutz_Graf_Schwerin_von_Krosigk" title="Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk">von Krosigk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_Lengsfeld" title="Vera Lengsfeld">Lengsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_Maa%C3%9Fen" title="Hans-Georg Maaßen">Maaßen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Joachim_von_Merkatz" title="Hans-Joachim von Merkatz">von Merkatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Merkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Merz" title="Friedrich Merz">Merz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Michaelis" title="Georg Michaelis">Michaelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Papen" title="Franz von Papen">von Papen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauke_Petry" title="Frauke Petry">Petry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_von_Radowitz" title="Joseph von Radowitz">von Radowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Rauschning" title="Hermann Rauschning">Rauschning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ritter_von_Kahr" title="Gustav Ritter von Kahr">Ritter von Kahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Roon" title="Albrecht von Roon">von Roon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Sch%C3%A4ffer" title="Fritz Schäffer">Schäffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sch%C3%A4ffler" title="Frank Schäffler">Schäffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_von_Schleicher" title="Kurt von Schleicher">von Schleicher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Friedrich_Karl_vom_und_zum_Stein" title="Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein">vom und zum Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Stresemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Friedrich_Karl_vom_und_zum_Stein" title="Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein">vom Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Stoecker" title="Adolf Stoecker">Stoecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_von_Storch" title="Beatrix von Storch">von Storch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Strauss" title="Franz Josef Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Wagener" title="Hermann Wagener">Wagener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Weidel" title="Alice Weidel">Weidel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuno_von_Westarp" title="Kuno von Westarp">von Westarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II" title="Wilhelm II">Wilhelm II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Winnig" title="August Winnig">Winnig</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Jurists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst-Wolfgang_B%C3%B6ckenf%C3%B6rde" title="Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde">Böckenförde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Gierke" title="Otto von Gierke">von Gierke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus_M%C3%B6ser" title="Justus Möser">Möser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Carl_von_Savigny" title="Friedrich Carl von Savigny">von Savigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Julius_Stahl" title="Friedrich Julius Stahl">Stahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Wackenroder" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder">Wackenroder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Wagener" title="Hermann Wagener">Wagener</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kohlmann" title="Martin Kohlmann">Kohlmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6tz_Kubitschek" title="Götz Kubitschek">Kubitschek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Sabaditsch-Wolff" title="Elisabeth Sabaditsch-Wolff">Sabaditsch-Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Seibt" title="Naomi Seibt">Seibt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Six" title="Billy Six">Billy Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claus_von_Stauffenberg" title="Claus von Stauffenberg">von Stauffenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_St%C3%BCrzenberger" title="Michael Stürzenberger">Stürzenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_von_Thurn_und_Taxis" title="Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis">von Thurn und Taxis (Elisabeth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_von_Thurn_und_Taxis" title="Gloria von Thurn und Taxis">von Thurn und Taxis (Gloria)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(AfD)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavaria_Party" title="Bavaria Party">Bavaria Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(BP)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndnis_Deutschland" title="Bündnis Deutschland">Bündnis Deutschland</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(BD)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union of Germany</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(CDU)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">Christian Social Union in Bavaria</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(CSU)</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany)" title="Centre Party (Germany)">Centre Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Democratic_Party" title="Ecological Democratic Party">Ecological Democratic Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(ÖDP)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Party_of_Germany" title="Family Party of Germany">Family Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(Germany)" title="The Republicans (Germany)">The Republicans</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(REP)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Values_Union" title="Values Union">Values Union</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(WU)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Citizens_(Germany)" title="We Citizens (Germany)">We Citizens</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(WB)</span></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_People%27s_Party" title="Bavarian People's Party">Bavarian People's Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(BVP)</span> 1918-1933</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Prussia)" title="Conservative Party (Prussia)">Conservative Party</a> 1848-1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Conservative_Party" title="Free Conservative Party">Free Conservative Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(FKP)</span> 1866-1918</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Conservative_Party" title="German Conservative Party">German Conservative Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(DkP)</span> 1876-1918</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Freedom_Party" title="German Freedom Party">German Freedom Party</a> 2010-2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_National_People%27s_Party" title="German National People's Party">German National People's Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(DNVP)</span> 1918-1933</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Party_(1947)" title="German Party (1947)">German Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(DP)</span> 1947-1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_People%27s_Party" title="German People's Party">German People's Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(DVP)</span> 1918-1933</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Aufbau_Vereinigung" title="Aufbau Vereinigung">Aufbau Vereinigung</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Bibliothek_des_Konservatismus" title="Bibliothek des Konservatismus">Bibliothek des Konservatismus</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Desiderius-Erasmus-Stiftung" title="Desiderius-Erasmus-Stiftung">Desiderius-Erasmus-Stiftung</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Die_Deutschen_Konservativen" title="Die Deutschen Konservativen">Die Deutschen Konservativen</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_of_German_Catholics" title="Forum of German Catholics">Forum of German Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_L%C3%B6wenthal_Prize" title="Gerhard Löwenthal Prize">Gerhard Löwenthal Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Burschenschaft" title="German Burschenschaft">German Burschenschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Movement_Pax_Europa" title="Citizens' Movement Pax Europa">Citizens' Movement Pax Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanns_Seidel_Foundation" title="Hanns Seidel Foundation">Hanns Seidel Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Filbinger_Foundation" title="Hans Filbinger Foundation">Hans Filbinger Foundation</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement#Germany" title="Identitarian movement">Identitäre Aktion</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Staatspolitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut für Staatspolitik">Institut für Staatspolitik</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer_Foundation" title="Konrad Adenauer Foundation">Konrad Adenauer Foundation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pegida" title="Pegida">PEGIDA</a></i></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Studienzentrum_Weikersheim" title="Studienzentrum Weikersheim">Studienzentrum Weikersheim</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Tradition_und_Leben" title="Tradition und Leben">Tradition und Leben</a></i></span></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germany_Foundation" title="Germany Foundation">Germany Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Louise_League" title="Queen Louise League">Queen Louise League</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-style:italic"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Die_Achse_des_Guten" title="Die Achse des Guten">Die Achse des Guten</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antaios_(magazine)" title="Antaios (magazine)">Antaios</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bild" title="Bild">Bild</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Cato_(Magazin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cato (Magazin)">Cato</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero_(magazine)" title="Cicero (magazine)">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_(German_magazine)" title="Compact (German magazine)">COMPACT</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Rundschau" title="Deutsche Rundschau">Deutsche Rundschau</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Junge_Freiheit" title="Junge Freiheit">Junge Freiheit</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kreuzzeitung" title="Kreuzzeitung">Kreuzzeitung</a></i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politically_Incorrect_(blog)" title="Politically Incorrect (blog)">Politically Incorrect</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Preu%C3%9Fische_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung">Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Monatshefte" title="Süddeutsche Monatshefte">Süddeutsche Monatshefte</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Der_T%C3%BCrmer" title="Der Türmer">Der Türmer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Verlag_Antaios" class="mw-redirect" title="Verlag Antaios">Verlag Antaios</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Die_Welt" title="Die Welt">Die Welt</a></i></span> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Welt_am_Sonntag" title="Welt am Sonntag">Welt am Sonntag</a></i></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_nationalism" title="Bavarian nationalism">Bavarian nationalism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6ckenf%C3%B6rde_dilemma" title="Böckenförde dilemma">Böckenförde dilemma</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_New_Right" title="European New Right">European New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_collective_guilt" title="German collective guilt">Collective guilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Austria" title="Conservatism">Conservatism in Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Switzerland" title="Conservatism">Conservatism in Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_multiculturalism#Germany" title="Criticism of multiculturalism">Criticism of multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pessimism" title="Cultural pessimism">Cultural pessimism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free-floating_intellectuals" title="Free-floating intellectuals">Freischwebende Intelligenz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_militarism" title="German militarism">German militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_crime_in_Germany" title="Immigration and crime in Germany">Immigrant criminality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Germany" title="Liberalism in Germany">Liberalism in Germany</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lying_press#Germany" title="Lying press">Lügenpresse</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitics#Contemporary_politics" title="Metapolitics">Metapolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">Pan-European nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anthropology" title="Philosophical anthropology">Philosophical anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remigration#Germany" title="Remigration">Remigration</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stahlhelm-Fraktion" title="Stahlhelm-Fraktion">Stahlhelm-Fraktion</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_generations" title="Theory of generations">Theory of generations</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberfremdung" title="Überfremdung">Überfremdung</a></i></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/16px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/24px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_Germany" title="Template:Conservatism in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Conservatism in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Asked in 1965 by the television interviewer <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Gaus" title="Günter Gaus">Günter Gaus</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> how in the last days of the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> he had avoided being pulled like so many of his generation to the political extremes of either the right or left, Mann suggested it had been a matter not only of analysis but also of temperament. Figures like <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Robespierre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Trotsky</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a>, he had "always hated". Mann described his own outlook as broadly conservative. But conservatism too he rejected when presented as an "ism"—when represented by those who believed they had a monopoly of truth (as if they had "eaten the truth with a spoon").<sup id="cite_ref-www.rbb-online.de-1965_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.rbb-online.de-1965-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By conservative, Mann understood a particular stance (<i>Haltung</i>), or tendency of thought. It is an assessment of human nature sufficiently pessimistic to reject utopian belief in the reliable goodness or reason of man and, accordingly, can appreciate the value of inherited ties, even if irrational, so long as "they bind people and give them a moral and spiritual home." It is not an attitude Mann identified in party-political terms: he might "very well be able to vote Social Democratic" without seeing any contradiction in himself having these basic conservative tendencies.<sup id="cite_ref-www.rbb-online.de-1965_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.rbb-online.de-1965-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early years of the <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">Federal Republic</a>, Mann praised <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> for his policy of seeking reconciliation and integration with France and alliance with the United States. In time, however, he came to criticise the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany_(Federal_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)">Chancellor's</a> commitment to German unification as largely rhetorical. Later still, believing that the post-war territorial settlement had to be accepted as "an accomplished fact",<sup id="cite_ref-www.rbb-online.de-1965_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.rbb-online.de-1965-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he supported the <i><a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> as foreign minister (1966–1969) and then as the new <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social-Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a> (1969–1974). He would sometimes even ghostwrite for Brandt. But he was to emphasise that as an acknowledgement of "hard facts that can no longer be changed", his support of diplomatic recognition of Europe's post-war division was "more conservative than revolutionary".<sup id="cite_ref-Böhme_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Böhme-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mann had been wary of the left-wing student movement and the development of the so-called "extra-parliamentary opposition" (<i>ausser parlamentarische opposition</i>) in the 1960s and was to reproach Brandt as Chancellor for taking an insufficiently hard line against East German infiltration and domestic subversion. Mann called the terrorist activities of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army_Faction" title="Red Army Faction">Red Army Faction</a> "a new development in the phenomenon of civil war".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was nonetheless a shock to many when in 1979, with a post-script to the politician's hagiographic campaign book,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mann announced his support for <a href="/wiki/Franz-Josef_Strau%C3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz-Josef Strauß">Franz-Josef Strauß</a>, the right-wing Chancellor candidate of the <a href="/wiki/CDU/CSU" title="CDU/CSU">CDU/CSU</a>. He sought to justify his choice as precautionary. Tax-supported welfare had advanced to the point at which it "greatly diminished the joy of making money" with potentially dire consequences for a future in which "more and more retirees" will depend, proportionately, on an "ever smaller number of productive workers". There was also need for a retrenchment in Ostpolitik. In <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Afghanistan</a> the <a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">West</a> had failed to contain the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Were he an American, Mann allowed that he would have voted for <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Böhme_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Böhme-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mann foresaw the reputational loss of embracing Strauss, a figure who, since the <a href="/wiki/Spiegel_affair" title="Spiegel affair">Spiegel Affair</a> in 1962 had been a <i>bete noir</i> of liberal and left opinion. "I will have to pay for it", he wrote in his diary, as Kaiser Wilhelm did for his '<a href="/wiki/Daily_Telegraph_Affair" title="Daily Telegraph Affair">Daily Telegraph Affair</a>'".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In one of his last interviews, with <i>Die Welt</i> in 1991, Mann again alarmed his more liberal readers and colleagues by calling for restrictions on the constitutional provision for political asylum. To the suggestion that Germany should openly acknowledge itself as an immigrant country (<i>Einwanderungsland</i>), the man who had himself sought asylum abroad said "No, the boat is full".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hitler_in_German_historiography">Hitler in German historiography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golo_Mann&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hitler in German historiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early years of the Federal Republic, Mann acknowledged that Hitler had been an "unpleasant subject" too often avoided.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But as a staunch defender of the political and economic achievements of post-war West Germany, once the taboo was broken he had little patience with the <a href="/wiki/Sonderweg" title="Sonderweg"><i>Sonderweg</i> thesis</a> which placed <a href="/wiki/Hitlerism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitlerism">Hitlerism</a> within a context of German exceptionalism, or with the "critical-emancipatory" historiography of the <a href="/wiki/1968_student_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 student protests">1968 generation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bielefeld_School" title="Bielefeld School">Bielefeld school</a> of early 1970s. He was critical of what he regarded as the Left's obsession with <i><a href="/wiki/Vergangenheitsbew%C3%A4ltigung" title="Vergangenheitsbewältigung">Vergangenheitsbewältigung</a></i> (working through the past). In 1978 he posed the rhetorical question: "When will the past cease to poison the present".<sup id="cite_ref-Stackelberg-2001_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stackelberg-2001-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was perhaps from this perspective that, years before, Mann had been among the first critics of <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Eichmann_in_Jerusalem" title="Eichmann in Jerusalem">Eichmann in Jerusalem</a></i> (1963). Arendt had portrayed Adolf Eichmann, the principal organiser of the Nazi genocide of European Jewry, less as an exceptional anti-Semite than as a typical, if unusually talented, German bureaucrat. The controversy led to Mann's permanent estrangement from Jaspers, who had also been Arendt's doctoral supervisor.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Mann insisted that there was nothing preordained about Hitlerism. It was not the inevitable product, as others had suggested, of the contradictions of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Reich's</a> formation or of the chaos induced by its defeat in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">the Great War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> did not have to collapse; the Jews of Europe did not have to die, or even have to be classified as Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an essay collected in <i>Geschichte und Geschichten</i> (1962), he excoriated <a href="/wiki/A._J._P._Taylor" title="A. J. P. Taylor">A. J. P. Taylor</a> for his certitude on the subject:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To attribute foreseeable necessity to the catastrophe of Germany and the European Jews would be to give it a meaning that it didn’t have. There is an unseemly optimism in such an assumption. In the history of mankind there is more that is spontaneous, wilful, unreasonable and senseless than our conceit allows.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>At the same time, Mann rejected the temptation to "normalise" the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a> by setting the genocide in an international context. Although not among the principal protagonists in the <i><a href="/wiki/Historikerstreit" title="Historikerstreit">Historikerstreit</a></i> (historians' dispute, 1986–88), Mann's comments broadly aligned him with <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_J%C3%A4ckel" title="Eberhard Jäckel">Eberhard Jäckel</a> (who had replaced Mann on the faculty in Stuttgart). Like Jäckel,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mann opposed the revisionist efforts of <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Nolte" title="Ernst Nolte">Ernst Nolte</a> to press comparisons with, and to find context in, <a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a> or in Allied <a href="/wiki/Carpet_bombing" title="Carpet bombing">carpet bombing</a>, or to otherwise deny the uniqueness of what Mann described as the "vilest crime ever perpetrated by man against man."<sup id="cite_ref-Stackelberg-2001_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stackelberg-2001-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Last_years">Last years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golo_Mann&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Last years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1986, his adopted son Hans Beck-Mann died. Beck-Mann was a pharmacist he got to know in 1955 and supported financially in his studies. In November of the same year his successful semi-autobiography <i>Erinnerungen und Gedanken. Eine Jugend in Deutschland</i> (<i>Memories and Thoughts. A Youth in Germany</i>) was published. He immediately started work at a sequel that was never finished. In 1988, he was awarded an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Letters) by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bath" title="University of Bath">University of Bath</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death of his adopted son, he lived a secluded life, most of the time in <a href="/wiki/Berzona" title="Berzona">Berzona</a>, in the Swiss Canton of the <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>. He devoted his time to translating into German the work of the dark and <a href="/wiki/Picaresque_novel" title="Picaresque novel">picaresque</a> Spanish novelist <a href="/wiki/P%C3%ADo_Baroja" title="Pío Baroja">Pío Baroja</a>. He was surrounded by a group of young Spanish-language enthusiasts, some of whom have become notable in their field. </p><p>The East German regime lifted its ban on Golo Mann at the beginning of 1989. Not only was his <i>Wallenstein</i> biography finally available in East Germany after 18 years — he was even allowed to read from it on invitation from the East German Minister of Education. When the <a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunification of Germany">reunification of Germany</a> came only one year later, he reacted dispassionately: "No delight in German unity. They are bound to fool around once more, even if I won't live to see it".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GraveGoloMann-CemeteryKilchberg_RomanDeckert07042023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/GraveGoloMann-CemeteryKilchberg_RomanDeckert07042023.jpg/220px-GraveGoloMann-CemeteryKilchberg_RomanDeckert07042023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/GraveGoloMann-CemeteryKilchberg_RomanDeckert07042023.jpg/330px-GraveGoloMann-CemeteryKilchberg_RomanDeckert07042023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/GraveGoloMann-CemeteryKilchberg_RomanDeckert07042023.jpg/440px-GraveGoloMann-CemeteryKilchberg_RomanDeckert07042023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3552" data-file-height="3552" /></a><figcaption>Mann's grave in Kilchberg.</figcaption></figure> <p>In March 1990, Mann had a heart attack after a public lecture. In the same year it became evident that he suffered from <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a>. Because of his ill health he moved to <a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a> in 1992, where he was nursed by Ingrid Beck-Mann, the widow of his adopted son Hans. A few days prior to his death, he acknowledged his <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> in a TV interview: "I did not fall in love often. I often kept it to myself, maybe that was a mistake. It also was forbidden, even in America, and one had to be a little careful".<sup id="cite_ref-OUT_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OUT-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Tilman Lahme's biography, although Golo Mann did not act out his homosexuality as openly as his brother <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Mann" title="Klaus Mann">Klaus Mann</a> he had had love relationships since his student days. </p><p>On 7 April 1994, Mann died in Leverkusen aged 85. His urn was buried in <a href="/wiki/Kilchberg,_Zurich" title="Kilchberg, Zurich">Kilchberg</a>, but—in fulfillment of his last will—outside the family grave. </p><p>Golo Mann's literary estate is archived in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Literary_Archives" title="Swiss Literary Archives">Swiss Literary Archives</a> in Bern. In 2009 the German Postal system honoured the 100th anniversary of Golo Mann's birth with a new stamp, which displayed his portrait with the caption <i>Literarischer Historiker</i> (literary historian).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golo_Mann&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1947 <i>Friedrich von Gentz</i>. <i>Secretary of Europe: The Life of Friedrich Gentz, Enemy of Napoleon</i>. Yale University Press (1946).</li> <li>1958 <i>Deutsche Geschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts</i>. <i>The History of Germany Since 1789</i>. Praeger Publishers (1968).</li> <li>1964 <i>Wilhelm II</i></li> <li>1965 <i>Thomas Mann: Memories of my Father</i> and <i>Translations of Thomas Mann's Works — a Bibliography</i>. Bonn: Inter Nationes.</li> <li>1970 <i>Von Weimar nach Bonn. Fünfzig Jahre deutsche Republik</i></li> <li>1971 <i>Wallenstein</i>. <i>Wallenstein, His Life Narrated</i>. Holt, Rinehart and Winston (1976).</li> <li>1986 <i>Erinnerungen und Gedanken. Eine Jugend in Deutschland</i>. <i>Reminiscences and Reflections: A Youth in Germany</i>. W. W. Norton & Company (1990).</li> <li>1989 <i>Wir alle sind, was wir gelesen</i></li> <li>1992 <i>Wissen und Trauer</i></li> <li>2009 <i>Man muss über sich selbst schreiben. Erzählungen, Familienporträts, Essays</i>. Herausgegeben vn Tilmann Lahme. Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer Verlag.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golo_Mann&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dohm%E2%80%93Mann_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Dohm–Mann family tree">Dohm–Mann family tree</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golo_Mann&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKontje2015" class="citation cs2">Kontje, Todd (2015), Castle, Gregory (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/history-of-the-modernist-novel/manns-modernism/6C2C60116AEB7FB097880F9DF00950BE">"Mann's Modernism"</a>, <i>A History of the Modernist Novel</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. <span class="nowrap">311–</span>326, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03495-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03495-2"><bdi>978-1-107-03495-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-25</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+History+of+the+Modernist+Novel&rft.atitle=Mann%27s+Modernism&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E311-%3C%2Fspan%3E326&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-107-03495-2&rft.aulast=Kontje&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fhistory-of-the-modernist-novel%2Fmanns-modernism%2F6C2C60116AEB7FB097880F9DF00950BE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Mann1986">Mann (1986)</a>, p. 10f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Mann1986">Mann (1986)</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bitterli">Bitterli (2005)</a>, p. 620.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Mann1986">Mann (1986)</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.rbb-online.de-1965-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-www.rbb-online.de-1965_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.rbb-online.de-1965_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.rbb-online.de-1965_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.rbb-online.de-1965_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.rbb-online.de-1965_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.rbb-online.de-1965_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbb-online.de/zurperson/interview_archiv/mann_golo.html">"Günter Gaus im Gespräch mit Golo Mann"</a>. <i>www.rbb-online.de</i> (in German). 1965-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rbb-online.de&rft.atitle=G%C3%BCnter+Gaus+im+Gespr%C3%A4ch+mit+Golo+Mann&rft.date=1965-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbb-online.de%2Fzurperson%2Finterview_archiv%2Fmann_golo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Mann1986">Mann (1986)</a>, pp. 193–197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Mann1986">Mann (1986)</a>, Chapter <i>Eine neue Erfahrung</i> (a new experience), pp. 265–278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Mann1986">Mann (1986)</a>, pp. 430, 462ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilmann2009" class="citation book cs1">Tilmann, Lahme (2009). <i>Golo Mann: Biographie</i>. Frankfurt: Fischer. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-10-043200-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-10-043200-1"><bdi>978-3-10-043200-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Golo+Mann%3A+Biographie&rft.place=Frankfurt&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Fischer&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-10-043200-1&rft.aulast=Tilmann&rft.aufirst=Lahme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Worthington">Worthington (1966)</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Mann1999">Mann (1999)</a>, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bitterli">Bitterli (2005)</a>, 547.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bitterli">Bitterli (2005)</a>, p. 548.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eb_F-Q1RwZU"><i>Lauter schwierige Patienten 07 - Reich-Ranicki über Golo Mann (und die Familie Mann)</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-18</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lauter+schwierige+Patienten+07+-+Reich-Ranicki+%C3%BCber+Golo+Mann+%28und+die+Familie+Mann%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Deb_F-Q1RwZU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bitterli">Bitterli (2005)</a>, p. 66f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Exiles_Memorial_Center" title="Exiles Memorial Center">Exiles Memorial Center</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaidson1975" class="citation journal cs1">Waidson, H. M. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3724286">"Auden and German Literature"</a>. <i>The Modern Language Review</i>. <b>70</b> (2): (347–365), 349. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3724286">10.2307/3724286</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-7937">0026-7937</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3724286">3724286</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Language+Review&rft.atitle=Auden+and+German+Literature&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%28347-365%29%2C+349&rft.date=1975&rft.issn=0026-7937&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3724286%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3724286&rft.aulast=Waidson&rft.aufirst=H.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3724286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bitterli">Bitterli (2005)</a>, p. 140f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bitterli">Bitterli (2005)</a>, p. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-04-11-mn-44589-story.html">"Golo Mann; Historian, Son of Novelist Thomas Mann"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 1994-04-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Golo+Mann%3B+Historian%2C+Son+of+Novelist+Thomas+Mann&rft.date=1994-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1994-04-11-mn-44589-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otqooqgPj2Q"><i>Günter Gaus im Gespräch mit Golo Mann (1965) [ENG SUB]</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-08</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G%C3%BCnter+Gaus+im+Gespr%C3%A4ch+mit+Golo+Mann+%281965%29+%5BENG+SUB%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DotqooqgPj2Q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Böhme-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Böhme_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Böhme_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBöhmeBecker1980" class="citation journal cs1">Böhme, Erich; Becker, Rolf (1980-08-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/politik/er-ist-wie-ein-baum-der-blitze-anzieht-a-e8ab88dd-0002-0001-0000-000014325485">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Er ist wie ein Baum, der Blitze anzieht': Der Historiker Golo Mann über sein Engagement für den Kanzlerkandidaten Franz Josef Strauß"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=%27Er+ist+wie+ein+Baum%2C+der+Blitze+anzieht%27%3A+Der+Historiker+Golo+Mann+%C3%BCber+sein+Engagement+f%C3%BCr+den+Kanzlerkandidaten+Franz+Josef+Strau%C3%9F&rft.date=1980-08-31&rft.aulast=B%C3%B6hme&rft.aufirst=Erich&rft.au=Becker%2C+Rolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fer-ist-wie-ein-baum-der-blitze-anzieht-a-e8ab88dd-0002-0001-0000-000014325485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkup2011" class="citation web cs1">Kirkup, James (2011-10-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-golo-mann-corrected-1371565.html">"Obituary: Golo Mann (Corrected)"</a>. <i>The Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Golo+Mann+%28Corrected%29&rft.date=2011-10-22&rft.aulast=Kirkup&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fobituary-golo-mann-corrected-1371565.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrauss1979" class="citation book cs1">Strauss, Franz Josef (1979). <i>Zur Lage / Franz Josef Strauss ; Nachwort von Golo Mann</i>. Stuttgart: Seewald. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-512-00570-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-512-00570-5"><bdi>3-512-00570-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zur+Lage+%2F+Franz+Josef+Strauss+%3B+Nachwort+von+Golo+Mann&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pub=Seewald&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=3-512-00570-5&rft.aulast=Strauss&rft.aufirst=Franz+Josef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bitterli">Bitterli (2005)</a>, p. 534.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Das Grundgesetz muss geändert werden“. Interview with Golo Mann, <i>Die Welt</i>. 19 October 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grin.com/document/231276"><i>GRIN – Die Situation der Asylbewerber in Deutschland</i></a> (in German). 2013-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=GRIN+%E2%80%93+Die+Situation+der+Asylbewerber+in+Deutschland&rft.date=2013-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grin.com%2Fdocument%2F231276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrozdiak1983" class="citation news cs1">Drozdiak, William (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1983/01/30/hitler-legacy-haunts-germany-still/875ad3d3-b438-41e8-b416-c0cc328d8903/">"Hitler Legacy Haunts Germany Still"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Hitler+Legacy+Haunts+Germany+Still&rft.date=1983&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Drozdiak&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1983%2F01%2F30%2Fhitler-legacy-haunts-germany-still%2F875ad3d3-b438-41e8-b416-c0cc328d8903%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stackelberg-2001-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stackelberg-2001_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stackelberg-2001_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStackelberg2001" class="citation journal cs1">Stackelberg, Rod (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4547092">"Review of Golo Mann und die deutsche Geschichte: Eine intellektuelle Biographie"</a>. <i>Central European History</i>. <b>34</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">307–</span>309. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0008938900006361">10.1017/S0008938900006361</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-9389">0008-9389</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4547092">4547092</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144859158">144859158</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Central+European+History&rft.atitle=Review+of+Golo+Mann+und+die+deutsche+Geschichte%3A+Eine+intellektuelle+Biographie&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E307-%3C%2Fspan%3E309&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=0008-9389&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144859158%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4547092%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0008938900006361&rft.aulast=Stackelberg&rft.aufirst=Rod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4547092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bitterli (2005) p. 216 ff</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.clivejames.com/books/manng.htm">"Books: Cultural Amnesia — Golo Mann | clivejames.com"</a>. <i>archive.clivejames.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.clivejames.com&rft.atitle=Books%3A+Cultural+Amnesia+%E2%80%94+Golo+Mann+%7C+clivejames.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.clivejames.com%2Fbooks%2Fmanng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMann1961" class="citation book cs1">Mann, Golo (1961). <i>Gecshichte und Geschichten (1963)</i>. Frankfurt: Fischer. p. 170.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gecshichte+und+Geschichten+%281963%29&rft.place=Frankfurt&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Fischer&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Golo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jäckel, Eberhard "The Impoverished Practice of Insinuation: The Singular Aspect of National-Socialist Crimes Cannot Be Denied" pages 74–78 from <i>Forever In The Shadow of Hitler?</i> edited by Ernst Piper, Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, 1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCartney1987" class="citation news cs1">McCartney, Robert J. (1987-05-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/05/23/w-germans-note-barbie-waldheim-forcing-others-to-face-nazi-past/aa2d4d96-94ed-4c26-b900-8ce89ce5d4f7/">"W. Germans note Barbie, Waldheim forcing other to face Nazi past"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=W.+Germans+note+Barbie%2C+Waldheim+forcing+other+to+face+Nazi+past&rft.date=1987-05-23&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=McCartney&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1987%2F05%2F23%2Fw-germans-note-barbie-waldheim-forcing-others-to-face-nazi-past%2Faa2d4d96-94ed-4c26-b900-8ce89ce5d4f7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151219000643/http://www.bath.ac.uk/ceremonies/hongrads/">"Honorary Graduates 1989 to present"</a>. <i>bath.ac.uk</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bath" title="University of Bath">University of Bath</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bath.ac.uk/ceremonies/hongrads/">the original</a> on 2015-12-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bath.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Honorary+Graduates+1989+to+present&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bath.ac.uk%2Fceremonies%2Fhongrads%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bitterli">Bitterli (2005)</a>, p. 695.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OUT-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OUT_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Schock">Schock & Fessel (2004)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.123rf.com/photo_15156221_germany-circa-2009-a-stamp-printed-in-germany-shows-golo-mann-circa-2009.html">"Germany – 2009: A stamp printed in Germany shows Golo Mann,."</a> <i>123RF</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=123RF&rft.atitle=Germany+%E2%80%93+2009%3A+A+stamp+printed+in+Germany+shows+Golo+Mann%2C..&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.123rf.com%2Fphoto_15156221_germany-circa-2009-a-stamp-printed-in-germany-shows-golo-mann-circa-2009.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golo_Mann&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Bitterli" class="citation book cs1">Bitterli, Urs (2005). <i>Golo Mann. Instanz und Außenseiter</i>. Berlin: Reinbek. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-463-40460-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-463-40460-8"><bdi>978-3-463-40460-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Golo+Mann.+Instanz+und+Au%C3%9Fenseiter&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Reinbek&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-3-463-40460-8&rft.aulast=Bitterli&rft.aufirst=Urs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Mann1986" class="citation book cs1">Mann, Golo (1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/erinnerungenundg0000mann_d5g6"><i>Erinnerungen und Gedanken. Eine Jugend in Deutschland</i></a></span>. Frankfurt-am-Main. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-596-10714-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-596-10714-8"><bdi>978-3-596-10714-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Erinnerungen+und+Gedanken.+Eine+Jugend+in+Deutschland&rft.place=Frankfurt-am-Main&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-3-596-10714-8&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Golo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ferinnerungenundg0000mann_d5g6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Mann1999" class="citation book cs1">Mann, Golo (1999). <i>Erinnerungen und Gedanken. Lehrjahre in Frankreich</i>. Fischer S. Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-10-047911-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-10-047911-2"><bdi>978-3-10-047911-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Erinnerungen+und+Gedanken.+Lehrjahre+in+Frankreich&rft.pub=Fischer+S.+Verlag&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-3-10-047911-2&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Golo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Schock" class="citation book cs1">Schock Axel; Fessel, Karen-Susan (2004). <i>OUT! – 800 berühmte Lesben, Schwule und Bisexuelle</i>. Berlin: Querverlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89656-111-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89656-111-4"><bdi>978-3-89656-111-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=OUT%21+%E2%80%93+800+ber%C3%BChmte+Lesben%2C+Schwule+und+Bisexuelle&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Querverlag&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-89656-111-4&rft.au=Schock+Axel&rft.au=Fessel%2C+Karen-Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Worthington" class="citation book cs1">Worthington, Marjorie (1966). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/strangeworldofwi00marj"><i>The Strange World of Willie Seabrook</i></a></span>. Harcourt Brace and World.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strange+World+of+Willie+Seabrook&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+and+World&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Worthington&rft.aufirst=Marjorie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstrangeworldofwi00marj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golo_Mann&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Golo Mann: Briefe 1932–1992</i>, hg. von Tilmann Lahme und Kathrin Lüssi (Göttingen, 2006).</li> <li>Tilmann Lahme, <i>Golo Mann. Biographie</i> (Frankfurt am Main, 2009).</li> <li>Martin Mauthner: <i>German Writers in French Exile, 1933–1940</i>, Vallentine Mitchell, London, 2007, (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85303-540-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85303-540-4">978-0-85303-540-4</a>)</li> <li>Juan Luis Conde: <i>El abrigo de Thomas Mann. Golo Mann y sus amigos españoles</i>, Reino de Cordelia, Madrid, 2016, (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-15973-84-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-15973-84-3">978-84-15973-84-3</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golo_Mann&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Golo_Mann" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Golo Mann">Golo Mann</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nb-helveticat.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=any,contains,%22Golo+Mann%22&tab=LibraryCatalog&search_scope=MyInstitution&vid=41SNL_51_INST:helveticat&lang=de&offset=0">Publications by and about Golo Mann</a> in the catalogue Helveticat of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Library" title="Swiss National Library">Swiss National Library</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.helveticarchives.ch/detail.aspx?ID=165101">"Literary estate of Golo Mann"</a>. <i>HelveticArchives</i>. <a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Library" title="Swiss National Library">Swiss National Library</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HelveticArchives&rft.atitle=Literary+estate+of+Golo+Mann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.helveticarchives.ch%2Fdetail.aspx%3FID%3D165101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGolo+Mann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/coldwar/interviews/episode-4/lochner1.html">An interview with Robert Lochner</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Georg_Büchner_Prize63" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner_Prize" title="Georg Büchner Prize">Georg Büchner Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1923–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">1923</span> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Karrillon" title="Adam Karrillon">Adam Karrillon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Mendelssohn" title="Arnold Mendelssohn">Arnold Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1924</span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Bock" title="Alfred Bock">Alfred Bock</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Thesing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Thesing (page does not exist)">Paul Thesing</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1925</span> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Michel" title="Wilhelm Michel">Wilhelm Michel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Koch" title="Rudolf Koch">Rudolf Koch</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1926</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Heinrich_Kleukens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Heinrich Kleukens (page does not exist)">Christian Heinrich Kleukens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Petersen_(composer)" title="Wilhelm Petersen (composer)">Wilhelm Petersen</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1927</span> <a href="/wiki/Kasimir_Edschmid" title="Kasimir Edschmid">Kasimir Edschmid</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Bischoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Bischoff (page does not exist)">Johannes Bischoff</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1928</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hoelscher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Hoelscher (page does not exist)">Richard Hoelscher</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Well_Habicht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Well Habicht (page does not exist)">Well Habicht</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1929</span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Zuckmayer" title="Carl Zuckmayer">Carl Zuckmayer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adam_Antes" title="Adam Antes">Adam Antes</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1930</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaus_Schwarzkopf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaus Schwarzkopf (page does not exist)">Nikolaus Schwarzkopf</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Lippmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Lippmann (page does not exist)">Johannes Lippmann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1931</span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Posch" title="Alexander Posch">Alexander Posch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Simon" title="Hans Simon">Hans Simon</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1932</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_H._Rausch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert H. Rausch (page does not exist)">Albert H. Rausch</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Bode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf Bode (page does not exist)">Adolf Bode</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:85%;">1933–1944</span> not given</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1945</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Schiebelhuth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Schiebelhuth (page does not exist)">Hans Schiebelhuth</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1946</span> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Usinger" title="Fritz Usinger">Fritz Usinger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1947</span> <a href="/wiki/Anna_Seghers" title="Anna Seghers">Anna Seghers</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1948</span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Heiss" title="Hermann Heiss">Hermann Heiss</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1949</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Gunschmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Gunschmann (page does not exist)">Carl Gunschmann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1950</span> <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Langg%C3%A4sser" title="Elisabeth Langgässer">Elisabeth Langgässer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Since 1951</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">1951</span> <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Benn" title="Gottfried Benn">Gottfried Benn</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:85%;">1952</span> not given</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1953</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Kreuder" title="Ernst Kreuder">Ernst Kreuder</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1954</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Kessel" title="Martin Kessel">Martin Kessel</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1955</span> <a href="/wiki/Marie_Luise_Kaschnitz" title="Marie Luise Kaschnitz">Marie Luise Kaschnitz</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1956</span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Krolow" title="Karl Krolow">Karl Krolow</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1957</span> <a href="/wiki/Erich_K%C3%A4stner" title="Erich Kästner">Erich Kästner</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1958</span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Frisch" title="Max Frisch">Max Frisch</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1959</span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Eich" title="Günter Eich">Günter Eich</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1960</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Celan" title="Paul Celan">Paul Celan</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1961</span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Erich_Nossack" title="Hans Erich Nossack">Hans Erich Nossack</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1962</span> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Koeppen" title="Wolfgang Koeppen">Wolfgang Koeppen</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1963</span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Magnus_Enzensberger" title="Hans Magnus Enzensberger">Hans Magnus Enzensberger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1964</span> <a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_Bachmann" title="Ingeborg Bachmann">Ingeborg Bachmann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1965</span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1966</span> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Hildesheimer" title="Wolfgang Hildesheimer">Wolfgang Hildesheimer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1967</span> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1968</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Golo Mann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1969</span> <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Hei%C3%9Fenb%C3%BCttel" title="Helmut Heißenbüttel">Helmut Heißenbüttel</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1970</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bernhard" title="Thomas Bernhard">Thomas Bernhard</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1971</span> <a href="/wiki/Uwe_Johnson" title="Uwe Johnson">Uwe Johnson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1972</span> <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1973</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1974</span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Kesten" title="Hermann Kesten">Hermann Kesten</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1975</span> <a href="/wiki/Man%C3%A8s_Sperber" title="Manès Sperber">Manès Sperber</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1976</span> <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Piontek" title="Heinz Piontek">Heinz Piontek</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1977</span> <a href="/wiki/Reiner_Kunze" title="Reiner Kunze">Reiner Kunze</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1978</span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Lenz" title="Hermann Lenz">Hermann Lenz</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1979</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Meister" title="Ernst Meister">Ernst Meister</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1980</span> <a href="/wiki/Christa_Wolf" title="Christa Wolf">Christa Wolf</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1981</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Walser" title="Martin Walser">Martin Walser</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1982</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weiss" title="Peter Weiss">Peter Weiss</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1983</span> <a href="/wiki/Wolfdietrich_Schnurre" title="Wolfdietrich Schnurre">Wolfdietrich Schnurre</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1984</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Jandl" title="Ernst Jandl">Ernst Jandl</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1985</span> <a href="/wiki/Heiner_M%C3%BCller" title="Heiner Müller">Heiner Müller</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1986</span> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_D%C3%BCrrenmatt" title="Friedrich Dürrenmatt">Friedrich Dürrenmatt</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1987</span> <a href="/wiki/Erich_Fried" title="Erich Fried">Erich Fried</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1988</span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Drach" title="Albert Drach">Albert Drach</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1989</span> <a href="/wiki/Botho_Strau%C3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Botho Strauß">Botho Strauß</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1990</span> <a href="/wiki/Tankred_Dorst" title="Tankred Dorst">Tankred Dorst</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1991</span> <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Biermann" title="Wolf Biermann">Wolf Biermann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1992</span> <a href="/wiki/George_Tabori" title="George Tabori">George Tabori</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1993</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_R%C3%BChmkorf" title="Peter Rühmkorf">Peter Rühmkorf</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1994</span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Muschg" title="Adolf Muschg">Adolf Muschg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1995</span> <a href="/wiki/Durs_Gr%C3%BCnbein" title="Durs Grünbein">Durs Grünbein</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1996</span> <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Kirsch" title="Sarah Kirsch">Sarah Kirsch</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1997</span> <a href="/wiki/H._C._Artmann" title="H. C. Artmann">H. C. Artmann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1998</span> <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1999</span> <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Stadler" title="Arnold Stadler">Arnold Stadler</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2000</span> <a href="/wiki/Volker_Braun" title="Volker Braun">Volker Braun</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2001</span> <a href="/wiki/Friederike_Mayr%C3%B6cker" title="Friederike Mayröcker">Friederike Mayröcker</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2002</span> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Hilbig" title="Wolfgang Hilbig">Wolfgang Hilbig</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2003</span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kluge" title="Alexander Kluge">Alexander Kluge</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2004</span> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Genazino" title="Wilhelm Genazino">Wilhelm Genazino</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2005</span> <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Kronauer" title="Brigitte Kronauer">Brigitte Kronauer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2006</span> <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Pastior" title="Oskar Pastior">Oskar Pastior</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2007</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Mosebach" title="Martin Mosebach">Martin Mosebach</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2008</span> <a href="/wiki/Josef_Winkler_(writer)" title="Josef Winkler (writer)">Josef Winkler</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2009</span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kappacher" title="Walter Kappacher">Walter Kappacher</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2010</span> <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Jirgl" title="Reinhard Jirgl">Reinhard Jirgl</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2011</span> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Christian_Delius" title="Friedrich Christian Delius">Friedrich Christian Delius</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2012</span> <a href="/wiki/Felicitas_Hoppe" title="Felicitas Hoppe">Felicitas Hoppe</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2013</span> <a href="/wiki/Sibylle_Lewitscharoff" title="Sibylle Lewitscharoff">Sibylle Lewitscharoff</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2014</span> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Becker_(poet)" title="Jürgen Becker (poet)">Jürgen Becker</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2015</span> <a href="/wiki/Rainald_Goetz" title="Rainald Goetz">Rainald Goetz</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2016</span> <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Beyer" title="Marcel Beyer">Marcel Beyer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2017</span> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Wagner_(poet)" title="Jan Wagner (poet)">Jan Wagner</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2018</span> <a href="/wiki/Ter%C3%A9zia_Mora" title="Terézia Mora">Terézia Mora</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2019</span> <a href="/wiki/Lukas_B%C3%A4rfuss" title="Lukas Bärfuss">Lukas Bärfuss</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2020</span> <a href="/wiki/Elke_Erb" title="Elke Erb">Elke Erb</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2021</span> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_J._Setz" title="Clemens J. Setz">Clemens J. Setz</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2022</span> <a href="/wiki/Emine_Sevgi_%C3%96zdamar" title="Emine Sevgi Özdamar">Emine Sevgi Özdamar</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2023</span> <a href="/wiki/Lutz_Seiler" title="Lutz Seiler">Lutz Seiler</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2024</span> <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Egger" title="Oswald Egger">Oswald Egger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thomas_Mann75" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thomas_Mann" title="Template:Thomas Mann"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thomas_Mann" title="Template talk:Thomas Mann"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thomas_Mann" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thomas Mann"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thomas_Mann75" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Buddenbrooks" title="Buddenbrooks">Buddenbrooks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness_(novel)" title="Royal Highness (novel)">Royal Highness</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Mountain" title="The Magic Mountain">The Magic Mountain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_and_His_Brothers" title="Joseph and His Brothers">Joseph and His Brothers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lotte_in_Weimar:_The_Beloved_Returns" title="Lotte in Weimar: The Beloved Returns">Lotte in Weimar: The Beloved Returns</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Faustus_(novel)" title="Doctor Faustus (novel)">Doctor Faustus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Sinner" title="The Holy Sinner">The Holy Sinner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Confessions_of_Felix_Krull" title="Confessions of Felix Krull">Confessions of Felix Krull</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novellas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gladius_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Gladius Dei">Gladius Dei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tristan_(novella)" title="Tristan (novella)">Tristan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tonio_Kr%C3%B6ger" title="Tonio Kröger">Tonio Kröger</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_in_Venice" title="Death in Venice">Death in Venice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_and_His_Dog_(narrative)" title="A Man and His Dog (narrative)">A Man and His Dog</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Disorder_and_Early_Sorrow" title="Disorder and Early Sorrow">Disorder and Early Sorrow</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mario_and_the_Magician" title="Mario and the Magician">Mario and the Magician</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Transposed_Heads" title="The Transposed Heads">The Transposed Heads</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tables_of_the_Law" title="The Tables of the Law">The Tables of the Law</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Swan_(short_story)" title="The Black Swan (short story)">The Black Swan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Herr_Friedemann" title="Little Herr Friedemann">Little Herr Friedemann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Clown_(short_story)" title="The Clown (short story)">The Clown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Mindernickel" title="Tobias Mindernickel">Tobias Mindernickel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_the_Churchyard" title="The Road to the Churchyard">The Road to the Churchyard</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Reflections_of_a_Nonpolitical_Man" title="Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man">Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_German_Republic" title="On the German Republic">On the German Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Coming_Victory_of_Democracy" title="The Coming Victory of Democracy">The Coming Victory of Democracy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Listen,_Germany!" title="Listen, Germany!">Listen, Germany!</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mann_family" title="Mann family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katia_Mann" title="Katia Mann">Katia Mann</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erika_Mann" title="Erika Mann">Erika Mann</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Mann" title="Klaus Mann">Klaus Mann</a> (son)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Golo Mann</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monika_Mann" title="Monika Mann">Monika Mann</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Mann_Borgese" title="Elisabeth Mann Borgese">Elisabeth Mann Borgese</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mann_(scholar)" title="Michael Mann (scholar)">Michael Mann</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BAlia_da_Silva_Bruhns" title="Júlia da Silva Bruhns">Júlia da Silva Bruhns</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Mann" title="Heinrich Mann">Heinrich Mann</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_Gottfried-Keller-Preis_winners42" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gottfried-Keller-Preis_winners" title="Template:Gottfried-Keller-Preis winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gottfried-Keller-Preis_winners" title="Template talk:Gottfried-Keller-Preis winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gottfried-Keller-Preis_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gottfried-Keller-Preis winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_Gottfried-Keller-Preis_winners42" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">List of <a href="/wiki/Gottfried-Keller-Preis" title="Gottfried-Keller-Preis">Gottfried-Keller-Preis</a> winners</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Bosshart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakob Bosshart (page does not exist)">Jakob Bosshart</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Federer" title="Heinrich Federer">Heinrich Federer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand_Ramuz" title="Charles Ferdinand Ramuz">Charles Ferdinand Ramuz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Nadler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Nadler (page does not exist)">Josef Nadler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Carossa" title="Hans Carossa">Hans Carossa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: Festgabe Universität Zürich</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Gagliardi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Gagliardi (page does not exist)">Ernst Gagliardi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Faesi" title="Robert Faesi">Robert Faesi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Ernst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritz Ernst (page does not exist)">Fritz Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kassner" title="Rudolf Kassner">Rudolf Kassner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Gertrud_von_Le_Fort" title="Gertrud von Le Fort">Gertrud von Le Fort</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Kaegi" title="Werner Kaegi">Werner Kaegi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Max_Rychner" title="Max Rychner">Max Rychner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Zermatten" title="Maurice Zermatten">Maurice Zermatten</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Staiger" title="Emil Staiger">Emil Staiger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meinrad_Inglin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meinrad Inglin (page does not exist)">Meinrad Inglin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Edzard_Schaper" title="Edzard Schaper">Edzard Schaper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Golo Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Raymond" title="Marcel Raymond">Marcel Raymond</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Silone" title="Ignazio Silone">Ignazio Silone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Max_Wehrli" title="Max Wehrli">Max Wehrli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Jaccottet" title="Philippe Jaccottet">Philippe Jaccottet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Lenz" title="Hermann Lenz">Hermann Lenz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_L%C3%BCthy" title="Herbert Lüthy">Herbert Lüthy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Mercanton_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Mercanton (writer) (page does not exist)">Jacques Mercanton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Erika_Burkart" title="Erika Burkart">Erika Burkart</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Meier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Meier (page does not exist)">Gerhard Meier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Orelli" title="Giovanni Orelli">Giovanni Orelli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bichsel" title="Peter Bichsel">Peter Bichsel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/%C3%81gota_Krist%C3%B3f" title="Ágota Kristóf">Ágota Kristóf</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Merz" title="Klaus Merz">Klaus Merz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Fabio_Pusterla" title="Fabio Pusterla">Fabio Pusterla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Gerold_Sp%C3%A4th" title="Gerold Späth">Gerold Späth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: Collective of writers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern_ist_%C3%BCberall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bern ist überall (page does not exist)">Bern ist überall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_De_Marchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro De Marchi (page does not exist)">Pietro De Marchi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Muschg" title="Adolf Muschg">Adolf Muschg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H%C3%BCrlimann" title="Thomas Hürlimann">Thomas Hürlimann</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_Schiller_Memorial_Prize_winners43" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Schiller_Memorial_Prize_winners" title="Template:Schiller Memorial Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Schiller_Memorial_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:Schiller Memorial Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Schiller_Memorial_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Schiller Memorial Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_Schiller_Memorial_Prize_winners43" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">List of <a href="/wiki/Schiller_Memorial_Prize" title="Schiller Memorial Prize">Schiller Memorial Prize</a> winners</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kassner" title="Rudolf Kassner">Rudolf Kassner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Pannwitz" title="Rudolf Pannwitz">Rudolf Pannwitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Lehmann" title="Wilhelm Lehmann">Wilhelm Lehmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Bergengruen" title="Werner Bergengruen">Werner Bergengruen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Heinar_Kipphardt" title="Heinar Kipphardt">Heinar Kipphardt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Max_Frisch" title="Max Frisch">Max Frisch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Eich" title="Günter Eich">Günter Eich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Storz" title="Gerhard Storz">Gerhard Storz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Ernst Jünger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Golo Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Walser" title="Martin Walser">Martin Walser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Christa_Wolf" title="Christa Wolf">Christa Wolf</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_D%C3%BCrrenmatt" title="Friedrich Dürrenmatt">Friedrich Dürrenmatt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4te_Hamburger" title="Käte Hamburger">Käte Hamburger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Volker_Braun" title="Volker Braun">Volker Braun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Joachim_Sch%C3%A4dlich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Joachim Schädlich (page does not exist)">Hans Joachim Schädlich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kluge" title="Alexander Kluge">Alexander Kluge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Hein" title="Christoph Hein">Christoph Hein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Botho_Strau%C3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Botho Strauß">Botho Strauß</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Tankred_Dorst" title="Tankred Dorst">Tankred Dorst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Rainald_Goetz" title="Rainald Goetz">Rainald Goetz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Ror_Wolf" title="Ror Wolf">Ror Wolf</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Nino_Haratischwili" title="Nino Haratischwili">Nino Haratischwili</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77109#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3802" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77109#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3802" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77109#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109271833">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/95151826">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/69374/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrKTRFKgtg3bhVQPYV9jC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118577123">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81028081">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11914278h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11914278h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00448691">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mann, Golo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV025237">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35326051">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990005361&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX955563">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/170053">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068308795">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90201078">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000018118&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000125976&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=155189">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/ljx01r2435zsp32">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810533543605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/211931">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007265087205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058525648606706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00338131?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/6bb54f36-b0c5-47be-8d0e-f807205958fc">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118577123">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/912427">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118577123.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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