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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Venetiaans glas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 20 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A" title="زجاج بندقي – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زجاج بندقي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Венецыянскае шкло – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Венецыянскае шкло" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidre_veneci%C3%A0" title="Vidre venecià – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vidre venecià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian_glass" title="Venetian glass – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Venetian glass" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidrio_veneciano" title="Vidrio veneciano – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vidrio veneciano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muranoko_kristal" title="Muranoko kristal – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Muranoko kristal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verre_de_Murano" title="Verre de Murano – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Verre de Murano" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB" title="Մուրանյան ապակի – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մուրանյան ապակի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Venesia" title="Kaca Venesia – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaca Venesia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetro_di_Murano" title="Vetro di Murano – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vetro di Murano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8D%E3%83%84%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9" title="ヴェネツィアン・グラス – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴェネツィアン・グラス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%84%A4%EC%B9%98%EC%95%84_%EC%9C%A0%EB%A6%AC" title="베네치아 유리 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베네치아 유리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മുറാനോ ഗ്ലാസ്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുറാനോ ഗ്ലാസ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szk%C5%82o_weneckie" title="Szkło weneckie – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szkło weneckie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidro_veneziano" title="Vidro veneziano – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vidro veneziano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Муранское стекло – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Муранское стекло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetianskt_glas" title="Venetianskt glas – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Venetianskt glas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Венеційське скло – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Венеційське скло" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesiya_shishasi" title="Venesiya shishasi – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Venesiya shishasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83" title="威尼斯玻璃 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威尼斯玻璃" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Venitian_glass_circa_1330_with_enamel_decoration_derived_from_Islamic_technique_and_style.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Venitian_glass_circa_1330_with_enamel_decoration_derived_from_Islamic_technique_and_style.jpg/260px-Venitian_glass_circa_1330_with_enamel_decoration_derived_from_Islamic_technique_and_style.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Venitian_glass_circa_1330_with_enamel_decoration_derived_from_Islamic_technique_and_style.jpg/390px-Venitian_glass_circa_1330_with_enamel_decoration_derived_from_Islamic_technique_and_style.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Venitian_glass_circa_1330_with_enamel_decoration_derived_from_Islamic_technique_and_style.jpg/520px-Venitian_glass_circa_1330_with_enamel_decoration_derived_from_Islamic_technique_and_style.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1819" data-file-height="2237" /></a><figcaption>Een glas uit ± <a href="/wiki/1330" title="1330">1330</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Venetian_Goblet_QM_r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Venetian_Goblet_QM_r.jpg/260px-Venetian_Goblet_QM_r.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Venetian_Goblet_QM_r.jpg/390px-Venetian_Goblet_QM_r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Venetian_Goblet_QM_r.jpg/520px-Venetian_Goblet_QM_r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Een vaas uit de <a href="/wiki/19e_eeuw" title="19e eeuw">19e eeuw</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Venetiaans glas</b> is een voor velen direct herkenbare vorm van <a href="/wiki/Glasblazen" title="Glasblazen">geblazen glaswerk</a>, dat met gebruik van oorspronkelijk <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Rijk" title="Romeinse Rijk">Romeinse</a> technieken al sinds de <a href="/wiki/13e_eeuw" title="13e eeuw">13e eeuw</a> op nagenoeg dezelfde wijze wordt vervaardigd. Niet alleen zuiver kristalglas is iets dat oorspronkelijk uit <a href="/wiki/Veneti%C3%AB_(stad)" title="Venetië (stad)">Venetië</a> komt, Ook het gebruik van diverse kleuren glas door en naast elkaar is een typisch kenmerk van Venetiaans glas. </p><p>Zuiver kristalglas werd in later eeuwen in diverse steden in <a href="/wiki/Europa_(continent)" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa (continent)">Europa</a> nagemaakt onder andere in <a href="/wiki/Antwerpen_(stad)" title="Antwerpen (stad)">Antwerpen</a>; daar noemde men het <i>façon de Venise</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venetiaans_glas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venetiaans_glas&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Waarschijnlijk is de techniek van het glasbewerken door kunstenaars uit <a href="/wiki/Istanboel" class="mw-redirect" title="Istanboel">Constantinopel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Veneti%C3%AB_(stad)" title="Venetië (stad)">Venetië</a> geïntroduceerd. Zij waren meegekomen met de kruisvaarders die Constantinopel tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Vierde_Kruistocht" title="Vierde Kruistocht">Vierde Kruistocht</a> hadden veroverd. Een andere mogelijkheid is dat in deze tijd het procedé van glas ontkleuren, wat in de vergetelheid geraakt was, herontdekt werd waarna de Venetianen in staat waren om zuiver <a href="/wiki/Kristal_(glas)" title="Kristal (glas)">kristalglas</a> te produceren. </p><p>Op het eind van de 13e eeuw was het eiland <a href="/wiki/Murano" title="Murano">Murano</a> het centrum van deze industrie. Vanwege het <a href="/wiki/Brand_(vuur)" title="Brand (vuur)">brandgevaar</a> moest dit op een eiland gebeuren en mocht dit niet binnen de stedelijke bebouwing plaatsvinden. Tevens hoopte men daarmee de kennis van het procedé geheim te houden. </p><p>Nog voor het begin van de <a href="/wiki/16e_eeuw" title="16e eeuw">16e eeuw</a> kreeg met de techniek van het <a href="/wiki/Emaille" class="mw-redirect" title="Emaille">emailleschilderen</a>, oorspronkelijk ontdekt in de islamitische wereld, onder de knie en men gebruikte deze techniek voor decoratie. Ook ging men het glas <a href="/wiki/Gravure" title="Gravure">graveren</a> en <a href="/wiki/Vergulden" title="Vergulden">vergulden</a>. </p><p>In de 16e eeuw beheerste men de technieken zo goed, dat men zeer ingewikkelde vormen en versieringen wist te maken. Tot op de dag van vandaag is de glasproductie nog steeds een belangrijke bron van inkomsten voor de <a href="/wiki/Economie_als_systeem" class="mw-redirect" title="Economie als systeem">economie</a> en voor <a href="/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme">toeristische</a> <a href="/wiki/Souvenir_(aandenken)" title="Souvenir (aandenken)">souvenirs</a> uit Venetië. </p><p>Murano kent tegenwoordig een aantal heel oude glasmakerijen, zoals <i>Venini</i>, <i>Pauly</i>, <i>Seguso</i> en <i>Barovier & Toso</i>. Deze laatst werd in <a href="/wiki/1295" title="1295">1295</a> opgericht en is het op 31 na oudste bedrijf ter wereld. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Productieproces">Productieproces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venetiaans_glas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Productieproces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venetiaans_glas&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Productieproces"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het maken van Venetiaans glaswerk is een complex proces. Het glas wordt gemaakt van <a href="/wiki/Siliciumdioxide" title="Siliciumdioxide">siliciumdioxide</a>. Om het niet te snel te laten stollen wordt <a href="/wiki/Natriumoxide" title="Natriumoxide">natriumoxide</a> toegevoegd. Deze stoffen worden eerst verhit om het te smelten. Wanneer het weer stolt maar nog niet hard is, wordt het bewerkt. Eventueel wordt <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrium</a> toegevoegd om het glas ondoorzichtig te maken of <a href="/wiki/Nitraat" title="Nitraat">nitraat</a> en <a href="/wiki/Arseen" title="Arseen">arseen</a> om luchtbellen te verwijderen. Het vergt veel ervaring en vakmanschap om het glas in de meest creatieve vormen te krijgen. </p><p>Om het glas te kleuren worden andere stoffen gebruikt. Om het glas de kleur <a href="/wiki/Blauw_(kleur)" title="Blauw (kleur)">blauw</a> te geven wordt een kleine hoeveelheid <a href="/wiki/Koper_(element)" title="Koper (element)">koper</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">kobalt</a> toegevoegd. Wanneer het glas afgekoeld is heeft het een blauwe kleur gekregen. Op dezelfde manier kan met een kleine hoeveelheid <a href="/wiki/Goud" title="Goud">goud</a> een rode kleur verkregen worden. </p><p>Hierna wordt het werk nog <a href="/wiki/Glazuur_(aardewerk)" title="Glazuur (aardewerk)">geëmailleerd</a> en eventueel gegraveerd of versierd met een tekening van <a href="/wiki/Bladgoud" title="Bladgoud">bladgoud</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venetiaans_glas&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venetiaans_glas&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glasblazen" title="Glasblazen">Glasblazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muranoglas" title="Muranoglas">Muranoglas</a></li></ul> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Venetiaans_glas#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Venetiaans glas">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Venetian_glassware#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Venetian glassware">Venetian glassware</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venetiaans_glas&oldid=66439350">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venetiaans_glas&oldid=66439350</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Glaskunst" title="Categorie:Glaskunst">Glaskunst</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Cultuur_in_Veneti%C3%AB" title="Categorie:Cultuur in Venetië">Cultuur in Venetië</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 7 dec 2023 om 13:05.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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