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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"ARFF" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Arff_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Arff (disambiguation)">Arff</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OV-10A_PhilAF_crash_2006.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/OV-10A_PhilAF_crash_2006.jpeg/220px-OV-10A_PhilAF_crash_2006.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/OV-10A_PhilAF_crash_2006.jpeg/330px-OV-10A_PhilAF_crash_2006.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/OV-10A_PhilAF_crash_2006.jpeg/440px-OV-10A_PhilAF_crash_2006.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Firefighters at the scene of a crashed aircraft</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Feuerwehr_am_Flughafen_D%C3%BCsseldorf_-_02-2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Feuerwehr_am_Flughafen_D%C3%BCsseldorf_-_02-2013.jpg/250px-Feuerwehr_am_Flughafen_D%C3%BCsseldorf_-_02-2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Feuerwehr_am_Flughafen_D%C3%BCsseldorf_-_02-2013.jpg/330px-Feuerwehr_am_Flughafen_D%C3%BCsseldorf_-_02-2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Feuerwehr_am_Flughafen_D%C3%BCsseldorf_-_02-2013.jpg/500px-Feuerwehr_am_Flughafen_D%C3%BCsseldorf_-_02-2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1268" /></a><figcaption>Firefighters at the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Airport" title="Düsseldorf Airport">Düsseldorf Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PWMFIRETRUCK_WIKI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/PWMFIRETRUCK_WIKI.jpg/220px-PWMFIRETRUCK_WIKI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/PWMFIRETRUCK_WIKI.jpg/330px-PWMFIRETRUCK_WIKI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/PWMFIRETRUCK_WIKI.jpg/440px-PWMFIRETRUCK_WIKI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>A demonstration of an <a href="/wiki/Airport_crash_tender" title="Airport crash tender">airport crash tender</a>'s abilities at the <a href="/wiki/Portland_International_Jetport" title="Portland International Jetport">Portland International Jetport</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_cannon_salute_Ryanair_RJK_15042011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Water_cannon_salute_Ryanair_RJK_15042011.jpg/220px-Water_cannon_salute_Ryanair_RJK_15042011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Water_cannon_salute_Ryanair_RJK_15042011.jpg/330px-Water_cannon_salute_Ryanair_RJK_15042011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Water_cannon_salute_Ryanair_RJK_15042011.jpg/440px-Water_cannon_salute_Ryanair_RJK_15042011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>Firefighters conducting a water salute in Rijeka, Croatia</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Aircraft rescue and firefighting</b> (<b>ARFF</b>) is a type of <a href="/wiki/Firefighting" title="Firefighting">firefighting</a> that involves the emergency response, mitigation, evacuation, and rescue of passengers and crew of <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a> involved in <a href="/wiki/Aviation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Aviation accidents and incidents">aviation accidents and incidents</a>. </p><p>Airports with scheduled passenger flights are obliged to have <a href="/wiki/Firefighter" title="Firefighter">firefighters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Firefighting_apparatus" title="Firefighting apparatus">firefighting apparatus</a> on location ready for duty any time aircraft operate. Airports may have regulatory oversight by an arm of their individual national governments or voluntarily under standards of the <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duties">Duties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_rescue_and_firefighting&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Duties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Aircraft_rescue_and_firefighting" title="Special:EditPage/Aircraft rescue and firefighting">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/Mass_casualty_incident" title="Mass casualty incident">mass casualty</a> potential of an aviation emergency, the speed with which emergency response equipment and personnel arrive at the scene of the emergency is of paramount importance. Their arrival and initial mission to secure the aircraft against all hazards, particularly fire, increases the survivability of the passengers and crew on board. Airport firefighters have advanced training in the application of firefighting foams, dry chemical and clean agents used to extinguish burning <a href="/wiki/Aviation_fuel" title="Aviation fuel">aviation fuel</a> in and around an aircraft in order to maintain a path for evacuating passengers to exit the fire hazard area. Further, should fire either be encountered in the cabin or extend there from an external fire, the ARFF responders must work to control/extinguish these fires as well.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Primary to the hazard mitigation and safe evacuation of ambulatory passengers is the need to perform <a href="/wiki/Rescue" title="Rescue">rescue operations</a>. Passengers unable to extricate themselves must be removed from the aircraft and provided medical care. This process is extremely labor-intensive, requiring both firefighters and support personnel. Due to the nature of a <a href="/wiki/Mass_casualty_incident" title="Mass casualty incident">mass casualty incident</a>, rescue workers employ <a href="/wiki/Triage" title="Triage">triage</a> to classify the victims and direct their efforts where they can maximize survival.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequent to the emergency being declared under control, the ARFF function reverts to one of protecting the scene, eliminating any peripheral or slowly evolving hazards and assisting to preserve the scene for investigators. </p><p>In 2016, an Emirati fire fighter died from burns when trying to fight the fire in the <a href="/wiki/Emirates_Flight_521" title="Emirates Flight 521">Emirates Flight 521</a> crash. The man was the only fatality.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the rarity of aircraft fires, firefighters often have other usual duties such as luggage loaders or security guards, which they have to abandon at fire alarms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Apparatus">Apparatus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_rescue_and_firefighting&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Apparatus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man_fflf_sst.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Man_fflf_sst.jpg/250px-Man_fflf_sst.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Man_fflf_sst.jpg/330px-Man_fflf_sst.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Man_fflf_sst.jpg/500px-Man_fflf_sst.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/German_fire_services" class="mw-redirect" title="German fire services">German</a> Crash tender at <a href="/wiki/Paderborn_Lippstadt_Airport" title="Paderborn Lippstadt Airport">Paderborn Lippstadt Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Specialized fire apparatus are required for the ARFF function, the design of which is predicated on many factors but primarily: speed, water-carrying capacity, off-road performance, and agent discharge rates. Since an accident could occur anywhere on or off airport property, sufficient water and other agents must be carried to contain the fire to allow for the best possibility of extinguishment, maximum possibility for evacuation and/or until additional resources arrive on the scene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_protective_equipment">Personal protective equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_rescue_and_firefighting&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal protective equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the intense radiant heat generated by burning fuels, firefighters wear protective ensembles that are coated with a silvered material to reflect heat away from their bodies, called a <a href="/wiki/Fire_proximity_suit" title="Fire proximity suit">fire proximity suit</a>. They also must wear <a href="/wiki/Self-contained_breathing_apparatus" title="Self-contained breathing apparatus">self-contained breathing apparatus</a> to provide a source of clean air, enabling them to work in the presence of smoke or other super-heated gases, such as when making entry into the burning cabin of an aircraft. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ARFF_in_the_United_States">ARFF in the United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_rescue_and_firefighting&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: ARFF in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragon_1_of_Palm_Beach_County_Fire-Rescue_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Dragon_1_of_Palm_Beach_County_Fire-Rescue_1.JPG/220px-Dragon_1_of_Palm_Beach_County_Fire-Rescue_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Dragon_1_of_Palm_Beach_County_Fire-Rescue_1.JPG/330px-Dragon_1_of_Palm_Beach_County_Fire-Rescue_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Dragon_1_of_Palm_Beach_County_Fire-Rescue_1.JPG/440px-Dragon_1_of_Palm_Beach_County_Fire-Rescue_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>Dragon 1 of <a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_County_Fire-Rescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Beach County Fire-Rescue">Palm Beach County Fire-Rescue</a> at <a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_International_Airport" title="Palm Beach International Airport">Palm Beach International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Palm_Beach,_Florida" title="West Palm Beach, Florida">West Palm Beach, Florida</a> demonstrates use of its <a href="/wiki/Snozzle" class="mw-redirect" title="Snozzle">snozzle</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> (FAA) mandates ARFF operations at all U.S. airports that serve scheduled passenger <a href="/wiki/Air_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Air carrier">air carriers</a>. These are the only civilian fire protection services that are specifically regulated by any governmental entity.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Military bases may have their own ARFF services with specialized duties and training.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Airports required to have ARFF services are inspected at least annually by the FAA for compliance with FAR, Part 139. Military ARFF operations must meet the mission requirements for their individual branch of the service. </p><p>In many cases the FAA will perform the investigatory duties after an incident, but in instances where significant injuries or any fatal accident the <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="National Transportation Safety Board">National Transportation Safety Board</a> (NTSB) will investigate and the ARFF contingent will assist where needed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport_index">Airport index</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_rescue_and_firefighting&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Airport index"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An index is assigned to each FAA Part 139 certificate holder based on a combination of the <a href="/wiki/Air_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Air carrier">air carrier</a> aircraft length and the average number of daily departures. If the longest air carrier aircraft at the airport has five or more average daily departures, the matching index is used. If the longest aircraft has less than five average daily departures, the next lower index is used.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That index determines the required number of ARFF vehicles and required amount of extinguishing agents.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Index </th> <th>Aircraft length </th> <th>Vehicles </th> <th>Extinguishing agents </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <td>A </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><90 ft (<27m)</span> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>either 500 pounds of sodium-based dry chemical, halon 1211, or clean agent; or 450 pounds of potassium-based dry chemical and water with a commensurate quantity of AFFF to total 100 gallons for simultaneous dry chemical and AFFF application. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2">B </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="nowrap">90 ft (27m)<br />to<br /> <126 ft (<38m)</span> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>500 pounds of sodium-based dry chemical, halon 1211, or clean agent and 1,500 gallons of water and the commensurate quantity of AFFF for foam production </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <td>2 </td> <td>one vehicle carrying the extinguishing agents as specified for Index A; and one vehicle carrying an amount of water and the commensurate quantity of AFFF so the total quantity of water for foam production carried by both vehicles is at least 1,500 gallons. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2">C </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="nowrap">126 ft (38m) <br />to<br /> <159 ft (<48m)</span> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>one vehicle carrying the extinguishing agents as specified for Index B; and one vehicle carrying water and the commensurate quantity of AFFF so the total quantity of water for foam production carried by both vehicles is at least 3,000 gallons </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <td>3 </td> <td>one vehicle carrying the extinguishing agents as specified for Index A; and two vehicles carrying an amount of water and the commensurate quantity of AFFF so the total quantity of water for foam production carried by all three vehicles is at least 3,000 gallons </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <td>D </td> <td><span class="nowrap">159 ft (48m) <br />to<br /> <200 ft (<61m)</span> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>one vehicle carrying the extinguishing agents as specified for Index A; and two vehicles carrying an amount of water and the commensurate quantity of AFFF so the total quantity of water for foam production carried by all three vehicles is at least 4,000 gallons </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <td>E </td> <td><span class="nowrap">200 ft (61m) <br />and<br /> longer</span> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>one vehicle carrying the extinguishing agents as specified for Index A; and two vehicles carrying an amount of water and the commensurate quantity of AFFF so the total quantity of water for foam production carried by all three vehicles is at least 6,000 gallons </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_rescue_and_firefighting&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport_crash_tender" title="Airport crash tender">Airport crash tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_salute" title="Water salute">Water salute</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_rescue_and_firefighting&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://work.chron.com/airport-firefighter-jobs-28826.html">"Airport Firefighter Jobs"</a>. 5 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Airport+Firefighter+Jobs&rft.date=2014-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwork.chron.com%2Fairport-firefighter-jobs-28826.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAircraft+rescue+and+firefighting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Airport Firefighter Duties PDF - <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://das.iowa.gov/sites/default/files/hr/documents/class_and_pay/JobClassDescriptions/AirportFirefighter-07130.pdf">https://das.iowa.gov/sites/default/files/hr/documents/class_and_pay/JobClassDescriptions/AirportFirefighter-07130.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gcaa.gov.ae/en/ePublication/admin/iradmin/Lists/Incidents%20Investigation%20Reports/Attachments/125/2016-Published%20Final%20Report%20AIFN-0008-2016-UAE521%20on%206-Feb-2020.pdf">Final Report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200924022314/https://www.gcaa.gov.ae/en/ePublication/admin/iradmin/Lists/Incidents%20Investigation%20Reports/Attachments/125/2016-Published%20Final%20Report%20AIFN-0008-2016-UAE521%20on%206-Feb-2020.pdf">Archived</a> 2020-09-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> gcaa.gov.ae February 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_safety/aircraft_rescue_fire_fighting">"Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF)"</a>. <i>Federal Aviation Administration</i>. December 13, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.atitle=Aircraft+Rescue+and+Fire+Fighting+%28ARFF%29&rft.date=2023-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Fairports%2Fairport_safety%2Faircraft_rescue_fire_fighting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAircraft+rescue+and+firefighting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faac.com/blog/2019/12/20/pump-operations-simulator-benefits-hill-air-force-base-firefighters/">"Pump Operations Simulator Benefits Hill Air Force Base Firefighters"</a>. <i>FAAC</i>. FAAC. 20 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FAAC&rft.atitle=Pump+Operations+Simulator+Benefits+Hill+Air+Force+Base+Firefighters&rft.date=2019-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faac.com%2Fblog%2F2019%2F12%2F20%2Fpump-operations-simulator-benefits-hill-air-force-base-firefighters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAircraft+rescue+and+firefighting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2007/janqtr/pdf/14cfr139.315.pdf">"FAR Part 139, Sec. 139.315, Aircraft rescue and firefighting: Index determination"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAR+Part+139%2C+Sec.+139.315%2C+Aircraft+rescue+and+firefighting%3A+Index+determination&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedocket.access.gpo.gov%2Fcfr_2007%2Fjanqtr%2Fpdf%2F14cfr139.315.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAircraft+rescue+and+firefighting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2007/janqtr/pdf/14cfr139.317.pdf">"FAR Part 139, 139.317 Aircraft rescue and firefighting: Equipment and agents"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAR+Part+139%2C+139.317+Aircraft+rescue+and+firefighting%3A+Equipment+and+agents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedocket.access.gpo.gov%2Fcfr_2007%2Fjanqtr%2Fpdf%2F14cfr139.317.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAircraft+rescue+and+firefighting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_rescue_and_firefighting&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aircraft_rescue_and_firefighting" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Aircraft rescue and firefighting">Aircraft rescue and firefighting</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boeing.com/assets/pdf/commercial/airports/arff/arff.pdf">"Airplane rescue and firefighting information"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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