CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="hr" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Koma (astronomija) – Wikipedija</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )hrwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy hr","wgMonthNames":["","siječanj","veljača","ožujak","travanj","svibanj","lipanj","srpanj","kolovoz","rujan","listopad","studeni","prosinac"],"wgRequestId":"1c06ca2d-949c-466c-9e78-14652ae0dc1b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Koma_(astronomija)","wgTitle":"Koma (astronomija)","wgCurRevisionId":6235138,"wgRevisionId":6235138,"wgArticleId":16439,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Kometi"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"hr","wgPageContentLanguage":"hr","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Koma_(astronomija)","wgRelevantArticleId":16439,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0, "wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"hr","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"hr"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q259854","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.5"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user": "ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Web2Cit","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions", "wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=hr&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=hr&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=hr&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/0/08/Komet_01.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="698"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/0/08/Komet_01.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="465"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/0/08/Komet_01.png/640px-Komet_01.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="372"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Koma (astronomija) – Wikipedija"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//hr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koma_(astronomija)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Uredi" href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedija (hr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//hr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koma_(astronomija)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedija Atom izvor" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Nedavne_promjene&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Koma_astronomija rootpage-Koma_astronomija skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Prijeđi na sadržaj</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Glavni izbornik" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Glavni izbornik</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Glavni izbornik</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orijentacija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Glavna_stranica" title="Posjeti glavnu stranicu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Glavna stranica</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Sadr%C5%BEaj"><span>Sadržaj</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Slu%C4%8Dajna_stranica" title="Učitavanje slučajne stranice [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slučajna stranica</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Nedavne_promjene" title="Popis nedavnih promjena u wikiju [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Nedavne promjene</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Kafi%C4%87" title="O projektu, što možete učiniti, gdje se što nalazi"><span>Kafić</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Sadr%C5%BEaj" title="Mjesto gdje se može dobiti pomoć"><span>Pomoć</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Glavna_stranica" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-hr.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Slobodna enciklopedija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-hr.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Pretraži Wikipediju [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Traži</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Pretraži projekt Wikipedija" aria-label="Pretraži projekt Wikipedija" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Pretraži Wikipediju [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Posebno:Traži"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Traži</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osobni alati"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Izgled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Izgled</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hr.wikipedia.org&uselang=hr" class=""><span>Donacije</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Stvori_ra%C4%8Dun&returnto=Koma+%28astronomija%29" title="Predlažemo Vam da stvorite račun i prijavite se, iako to nije obavezno" class=""><span>Stvori račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=Koma+%28astronomija%29" title="Predlažemo Vam da se prijavite, iako to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijavi se</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Više mogućnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osobni alati" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osobni alati</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Suradnički izbornik" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hr.wikipedia.org&uselang=hr"><span>Donacije</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Stvori_ra%C4%8Dun&returnto=Koma+%28astronomija%29" title="Predlažemo Vam da stvorite račun i prijavite se, iako to nije obavezno"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Stvori račun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=Koma+%28astronomija%29" title="Predlažemo Vam da se prijavite, iako to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prijavi se</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stranice za neprijavljene suradnike <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Uvod" aria-label="Vidi više o uređivanju"><span>saznajte više</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Moji_doprinosi" title="Popis uređivanja učinjenih s ove IP adrese [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Doprinosi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Moj_razgovor" title="Rasprava o uređivanjima s ove IP adrese [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Esakrij\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"hr\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system\" style=\"clear: both; margin: 0.2em 0; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #f9f9f9; width: 100%; background: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #E3B100;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\t\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\n \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Marko_Maruli%C4%87\" title=\"Marko Marulić\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png/40px-Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png/60px-Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png/80px-Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"640\" data-file-height=\"640\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\" style=\"\"\u003E \u003Cb\u003EGodina \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Marko_Maruli%C4%87\" title=\"Marko Marulić\"\u003EMarka Marulića\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E – 500 godina od smrti oca hrvatske književnosti. \u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003Ctable class=\"plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system\" style=\"clear: both; margin: 0.2em 0; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #f9f9f9; width: 100%; background: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #eaa;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\t\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\n \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Kriteriji_zna%C4%8Dajnosti_po_temama\" title=\"Wikipedija:Kriteriji značajnosti po temama\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Help-content.svg/22px-Help-content.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Help-content.svg/33px-Help-content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Help-content.svg/44px-Help-content.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"48\" data-file-height=\"48\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\" style=\"\"\u003E \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Kriteriji_zna%C4%8Dajnosti_po_temama\" title=\"Wikipedija:Kriteriji značajnosti po temama\"\u003ERaspravite \u003Cb\u003Erazradu po temama kriterija\u003C/b\u003E o značajnosti!\u003C/a\u003E \u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Građa_kometa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Građa_kometa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Građa kometa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Građa_kometa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Građa kometa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Građa_kometa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Koma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Koma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rep" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rep"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Rep</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rep-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jezgra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jezgra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Jezgra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jezgra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Model_zaprljane_grude_snijega" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Model_zaprljane_grude_snijega"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Model zaprljane grude snijega</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Model_zaprljane_grude_snijega-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sjaj_kometa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sjaj_kometa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Sjaj kometa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sjaj_kometa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Koma (astronomija)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 36 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="ذؤابة – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذؤابة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Кома (камета) – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кома (камета)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Кома (астрономия) – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кома (астрономия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC)" title="কমা (ধূমকেতু-সম্পর্কীয়) – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কমা (ধূমকেতু-সম্পর্কীয়)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabellera_(astronomia)" title="Cabellera (astronomia) – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cabellera (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koma_(astronomie)" title="Koma (astronomie) – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Koma (astronomie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kometkoma" title="Kometkoma – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kometkoma" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma_(comet)" title="Coma (comet) – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Coma (comet)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hararo_(kometo)" title="Hararo (kometo) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hararo (kometo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma_(astronom%C3%ADa)" title="Coma (astronomía) – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Coma (astronomía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koma_(astronomia)" title="Koma (astronomia) – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Koma (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88_(%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1)" title="گیسو (دنباله‌دار) – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیسو (دنباله‌دار)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevelure_de_com%C3%A8te" title="Chevelure de comète – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chevelure de comète" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94_(%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98)" title="הילה (שביט) – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הילה (שביט)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koma_(astwonomi)" title="Koma (astwonomi) – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Koma (astwonomi)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3ma_(%C3%BCst%C3%B6k%C3%B6s)" title="Kóma (üstökös) – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kóma (üstökös)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BD_(%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2)" title="Վարս (գիսաստղ) – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վարս (գիսաստղ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koma_(komet)" title="Koma (komet) – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Koma (komet)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chioma_(astronomia)" title="Chioma (astronomia) – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chioma (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%9E_(%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F)" title="コマ (彗星) – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コマ (彗星)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A7%88_(%ED%98%9C%EC%84%B1)" title="코마 (혜성) – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코마 (혜성)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE" title="ധൂമകേതുവിന്റെ കോമ – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ധൂമകേതുവിന്റെ കോമ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koma_(komet)" title="Koma (komet) – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Koma (komet)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma_(astronomie)" title="Coma (astronomie) – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Coma (astronomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kometkoma" title="Kometkoma – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kometkoma" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kometkoma" title="Kometkoma – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kometkoma" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koma_(astronomia)" title="Koma (astronomia) – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Koma (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma_comet%C3%A1ria" title="Coma cometária – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coma cometária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Кома (комета) – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кома (комета)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koma_(astronomija)" title="Koma (astronomija) – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Koma (astronomija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koma_(astron%C3%B3mia)" title="Koma (astronómia) – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Koma (astronómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koma_(astronomi)" title="Koma (astronomi) – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koma (astronomi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koma_(kuyruklu_y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z)" title="Koma (kuyruklu yıldız) – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Koma (kuyruklu yıldız)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Кома (астрономія) – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кома (астрономія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A7u_sao_ch%E1%BB%95i" title="Đầu sao chổi – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đầu sao chổi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%97%E9%AB%AE" title="彗髮 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="彗髮" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q259854#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Koma_(astronomija)" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Koma_(astronomija)&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovorna stranica (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Koma_(astronomija)"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Koma_(astronomija)"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Koma_(astronomija)" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Koma_(astronomija)" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&oldid=6235138" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Koma_%28astronomija%29&id=6235138&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKoma_%28astronomija%29"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKoma_%28astronomija%29"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Zbirka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Koma+%28astronomija%29"><span>Stvori knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Koma_%28astronomija%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coma_(cometary)" hreflang="en"><span>Zajednički poslužitelj</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q259854" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Komet_01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/0/08/Komet_01.png/400px-Komet_01.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/0/08/Komet_01.png/600px-Komet_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/0/08/Komet_01.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>Građa kometa.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Comet-Hale-Bopp-29-03-1997_hires_adj.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Comet-Hale-Bopp-29-03-1997_hires_adj.jpg/300px-Comet-Hale-Bopp-29-03-1997_hires_adj.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Comet-Hale-Bopp-29-03-1997_hires_adj.jpg/450px-Comet-Hale-Bopp-29-03-1997_hires_adj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Comet-Hale-Bopp-29-03-1997_hires_adj.jpg/600px-Comet-Hale-Bopp-29-03-1997_hires_adj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="2712" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Komet_Hale-Bopp" title="Komet Hale-Bopp">Komet Hale-Bopp</a> snimljen 29. ožujka 1997. u <a href="/wiki/Pazin" title="Pazin">Pazinu</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Hartley2jets2_epoxi_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hartley2jets2_epoxi_big.jpg/300px-Hartley2jets2_epoxi_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hartley2jets2_epoxi_big.jpg/450px-Hartley2jets2_epoxi_big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hartley2jets2_epoxi_big.jpg/600px-Hartley2jets2_epoxi_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="2220" /></a><figcaption>Mlazovi <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plina</a> i <a href="/wiki/Led" title="Led">leda</a> izbijaju iz kometa Hartley 2.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Lspn_comet_halley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Lspn_comet_halley.jpg/300px-Lspn_comet_halley.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Lspn_comet_halley.jpg/450px-Lspn_comet_halley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Lspn_comet_halley.jpg/600px-Lspn_comet_halley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1492" data-file-height="1036" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Halleyjev_komet" title="Halleyjev komet">Halleyjev komet</a> snimljen 8. ožujka 1986.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Comet_borrelly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Comet_borrelly.jpg/300px-Comet_borrelly.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Comet_borrelly.jpg/450px-Comet_borrelly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Comet_borrelly.jpg/600px-Comet_borrelly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption>Komet Borrelly (oznake 19P/Borrelly) ima mlazeve <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plina</a>, iako nema površinskog <a href="/wiki/Led" title="Led">leda</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:17pHolmes_071104_eder_vga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/17pHolmes_071104_eder_vga.jpg/300px-17pHolmes_071104_eder_vga.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/17pHolmes_071104_eder_vga.jpg/450px-17pHolmes_071104_eder_vga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/17pHolmes_071104_eder_vga.jpg/600px-17pHolmes_071104_eder_vga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/17P/Holmes" title="17P/Holmes">Komet Holmes</a> (oznake 17P/Holmes) iz 2007., pokazuje svojstveni plavi ionski plinski rep s desne strane.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ssc2005-04a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ssc2005-04a.jpg/300px-Ssc2005-04a.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ssc2005-04a.jpg/450px-Ssc2005-04a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ssc2005-04a.jpg/600px-Ssc2005-04a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Snimka Enckeovog kometa i njegove prašine, snimljen sa <a href="/wiki/Svemirski_teleskop_Spitzer" title="Svemirski teleskop Spitzer">Svemirskog teleskopa Spitzer</a> u <a href="/wiki/Infracrveno_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Infracrveno zračenje">infracrvenom svjetlu</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Comet_P1_McNaught02_-_23-01-07-edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Comet_P1_McNaught02_-_23-01-07-edited.jpg/300px-Comet_P1_McNaught02_-_23-01-07-edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Comet_P1_McNaught02_-_23-01-07-edited.jpg/450px-Comet_P1_McNaught02_-_23-01-07-edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Comet_P1_McNaught02_-_23-01-07-edited.jpg/600px-Comet_P1_McNaught02_-_23-01-07-edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1541" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Komet_McNaught" title="Komet McNaught">Komet McNaught</a> (oznake C/2006) snimljen iznad <a href="/wiki/Australija" title="Australija">Australije</a> 2007.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:29P_Schwassmann_Wachmann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/29P_Schwassmann_Wachmann.jpg/300px-29P_Schwassmann_Wachmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/29P_Schwassmann_Wachmann.jpg/450px-29P_Schwassmann_Wachmann.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/29P_Schwassmann_Wachmann.jpg 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komet_Schwassmann%E2%80%93Wachmann_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komet Schwassmann–Wachmann 1 (stranica ne postoji)">Komet Schwassmann–Wachmann 1</a>, snimljen sa <a href="/wiki/Svemirski_teleskop_Spitzer" title="Svemirski teleskop Spitzer">Svemirskog teleskopa Spitzer</a> u <a href="/wiki/Infracrveno_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Infracrveno zračenje">infracrvenom svjetlu</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Koma</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">lat</a>. <i>coma</i> < <a href="/wiki/Starogr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Starogrčki jezik">grč</a>. <i>ϰόμη</i>: kosa, vlasi), u <a href="/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija">astronomiji</a>, magličasti je ovoj <a href="/wiki/Jezgra_kometa" title="Jezgra kometa">kometske jezgre</a> koji zajedno s jezgrom tvori glavu <a href="/wiki/Komet" title="Komet">kometa</a>. Sastoji se od rijetkih <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plinova</a> i prašine. <a href="/wiki/Kugla" title="Kugla">Kuglasta</a> je ili izdužena oblika, a katkada pokazuje slojeve. Veličine je kao jedna do deset <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemaljskih kugli</a>. Nastaje kada <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunce</a> dovoljno zagrije kometsku jezgru, iz koje se tada oslobađaju plinovi <a href="/wiki/Sublimacija" title="Sublimacija">sublimacijom</a> zaleđene tvari, noseći sa sobom čestice praha. Koma je zapravo <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera">atmosfera</a> u kojoj djelovanjem <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Deva_svjetlost" title="Sunčeva svjetlost">Sunčeva zračenja</a> dolazi do <a href="/wiki/Elektrolitska_disocijacija" title="Elektrolitska disocijacija">disocijacije</a> <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekula</a> i do <a href="/wiki/Ionizacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionizacija">ionizacije</a> produkata raspada, koji su pobuđeni pa svijetle. Zbog utjecaja <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_vjetar" title="Sunčev vjetar">Sunčeva vjetra</a> i <a href="/wiki/Magnetsko_polje" title="Magnetsko polje">magnetskog polja</a>, plinovi kome udaljuju se od Sunca brzinom oko 1 <a href="/wiki/Metar_u_sekundi" title="Metar u sekundi">km/s</a> i oblikuju <a href="/wiki/Rep_kometa" title="Rep kometa">rep</a>, koji je ravan i svijetli modrikasto. Na nekoj udaljenosti od jezgre, čestice prašine lebde slobodno i ovisno o svojoj <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masi</a> gibaju se u polju Sunčeve <a href="/wiki/Sila_te%C5%BEe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sila teže">sile teže</a>. Tako nastaje žućkasti zavinuti prašni rep koji odbija Sunčevu svjetlost. Čestice kome raspršuju se po kometskoj stazi.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Građa_kometa"><span id="Gra.C4.91a_kometa"></span>Građa kometa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Građa kometa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Građa kometa"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kao pojava, komet se razlikuje od drugih <a href="/wiki/Nebesko_tijelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebesko tijelo">nebeskih tijela</a> po magličastoj ovojnici, komi. Maglica slabi pri rubu tako da se prelijeva u <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlost</a> okolnog neba. U središtu kome nazire se svijetlo zgušćenje, koje sadrži jezgru. Jezgra se smatra glavnim dijelom kometa. Tako je malena da se ne vidi pri <a href="/wiki/Tranzit_(astronomija)" title="Tranzit (astronomija)">tranzitu</a> kometa. Dimenzije jezgre, osim u posljednjem preletu Halleyjeva kometa, nisu podložne izravnom <a href="/wiki/Mjerenje" title="Mjerenje">mjerenju</a>. Sudeći po tome kakva se zgušćenja javljaju, jezgre mogu biti dvostruke i višestruke. Sudeći po tome što se kometi raspadaju, jezgra je lako drobivo tijelo. O masi jezgre zaključuje se na osnovi njezinih dimenzija i gustoće (za Halleyjev komet <a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća">gustoća</a> se procjenjuje na 600 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram_po_metru_kubnom" title="Kilogram po metru kubnom">kg/m<sup>3</sup></a>). Komet nema primjetnog utjecaja na nebeska tijela kraj kojih prolazi. Najmanji komet ima možda masu oko 1 tonu, a gornja granica je također nepouzdana (osim realističkih 10<sup>16</sup> <a href="/wiki/Kg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kg">kg</a>, donose se i veće procjene). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koma">Koma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Koma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Koma"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Koma je raslojena u područja različite <a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća">gustoće</a>. Ima ulogu <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera">atmosfere</a>, koja <a href="/wiki/Nebesko_tijelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebesko tijelo">nebesko tijelo</a> izolira od okoline i time čuva. Ima kometa koji su prošli kroz Sunčevu <a href="/wiki/Korona" title="Korona">koronu</a>, pola milijuna kilometara iznad <a href="/wiki/Fotosfera" title="Fotosfera">fotosfere</a>. Takav je <a href="/wiki/Ikeya%E2%80%93Seki" title="Ikeya–Seki">komet Ikeya–Seki</a> (označen kao C/1965 S1, 1965 VIII i 1965f). Veličina kome na složen način ovisi o udaljenosti od Sunca. Najveća koma javlja se kada se komet nalazi na udaljenosti od 0.9 do 1.6 <a href="/wiki/AJ" class="mw-redirect" title="AJ">AJ</a>. Nađene su glave veličine 5 000 km pa sve do milijun km. Daleko od Sunca, komet ima okruglu glavu i <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plin</a> istječe jednoliko u svim smjerovima. U blizini Sunca, koma poprima oblik <a href="/wiki/Parabola" title="Parabola">parabole</a>. To dolazi zbog strujanja tvari koje izbacuje jezgra, a struje se svijaju pod tlakom <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_vjetar" title="Sunčev vjetar">Sunčeva vjetra</a> i teku dalje od Sunca. Znade se javiti više paraboličnih ljusaka i drugi, raznovrsni oblici kome. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rep">Rep</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Rep" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Rep"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Rep_kometa" title="Rep kometa">Rep kometa</a></div></i></div> <p>Rep je sekundarna pojava u kometa, iako pruža veličanstven dojam kojemu promatrači ne mogu odoljeti ("zvijezda repatica"). Veći komet u trenutku najvećeg sjaja može repom pokriti znatan dio neba, od <a href="/wiki/Obzor" title="Obzor">obzora</a> do <a href="/wiki/Zenit" title="Zenit">zenita</a>, kao mač nad glavom. Kada se komet približava Suncu, rep raste s brzinom od kojih milijun kilometara u danu. Tako nastaju repovi i od 100 milijuna km. Na rep djeluje <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Deva_svjetlost" title="Sunčeva svjetlost">Sunčeva svjetlost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_vjetar" title="Sunčev vjetar">Sunčev vjetar</a> i <a href="/wiki/Magnetsko_polje" title="Magnetsko polje">magnetsko polje</a> koje se kroz međuplanetarni prostor prenosi sa Sunčevim vjetrom. Zato je rep u pravilu otisnut od Sunca i tvar teče kroza nj s nekim ubrzanjem (repulsivno ili odbojno ubrzanje). Čestice Sunčeva vjetra jesu <a href="/wiki/Atomska_jezgra" title="Atomska jezgra">atomske jezgre</a> <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodika</a> s nešto <a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij">helijevih</a> jezgara, kreću se brzinom od 400 do 500 <a href="/wiki/Metar_u_sekundi" title="Metar u sekundi">km/s</a> i u izravnom sudaru tlače na kometske <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ione</a>. Nagla pojačanja struje Sunčeva vjetra, koja su uzrokovana pojavama na Suncu, dovode do toga da <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">sila</a> kojom Sunčev vjetar odbija kometarne čestice nadjača <a href="/wiki/Newtonov_zakon_gravitacije" title="Newtonov zakon gravitacije">privlačnu silu</a> kometa i za više od stotinu puta. I <a href="/wiki/Tlak_elektromagnetskog_zra%C4%8Denja" title="Tlak elektromagnetskog zračenja">svjetlost tlači</a>, no ona tlači na čestice prašine od kojih se odbija, a tlači i <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atome</a> koji je upijaju. Gustoća Sunčevih zračenja veća je u njegovoj blizini, pa su tu i posljedice jače. </p><p>U sudaru sa <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Deva_svjetlost" title="Sunčeva svjetlost">Sunčevim zračenjima</a>, plinoviti sastojci repa vladaju se drukčije nego prah, a drukčije se vlada i neutralni <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plin</a> od <a href="/wiki/Ionizacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionizacija">ioniziranog</a> plina. Repove je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fjodor_Aleksandrovi%C4%8D_Bredihin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fjodor Aleksandrovič Bredihin (stranica ne postoji)">Fjodor Aleksandrovič Bredihin</a> u 19. stoljeću razvrstao prema obliku i odbojnom <a href="/wiki/Ubrzanje" title="Ubrzanje">ubrzanju</a>. Veoma ubrzani, <b>pravocrtni repovi</b> otklanjaju se točno od Sunca. Mogu se sastojati od strujnica i magličastih zgušćenja. U takvu repu otkrivene su ionizirane molekule. Manja ubrzanja javljaju se kod <b>zakrivljenih repova</b>. Sastoje se od čestica praha, pa svjetlost koja od njih dolazi odražena je <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Deva_svjetlost" title="Sunčeva svjetlost">Sunčeva svjetlost</a>. Sasvim <b>kratak rep</b> položen je kao traka u smjeru prijeđene staze kometa, a sastoji se od većih čestica praha koje ne trpe nikakvo ili trpe samo malo odbojno ubrzanje. One se s jezgrom gibaju po stazi kometa. <b>Anomalnim repom</b> naziva se onaj koji prednjači pred kometom. Izrazit primjerak takvog “repa” imao je komet Arend - Roland (označen kao 1957 III, 1956h, C/1956 R1), predstavljajući oštricu koja je u ravnini staze bila uperena prema Suncu. Pojava je uzrokovana stanjenim oblakom prašine koja prati komet i koje ima više na tragu kometa nego ispred njega; opaža se pod povoljnim kutom gledanja, kada promatrač prolazi kroz ravninu staze kometa. U osnovi se, dakle, rep kometa sastoji od prašine i plinovitog (ioniziranog) dijela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jezgra">Jezgra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Jezgra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Jezgra"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Jezgra_kometa" title="Jezgra kometa">Jezgra kometa</a></div></i></div> <p>Jezgra je izvor svekolike pojave. O kemijskom sastavu i građi sudi se na osnovu kemijskih tvari ustanovljenih u komi i repu, a i na osnovi kemijskog sastava meteorskih rojeva koji predstavljaju ostatke kometa. <a href="/wiki/Spektar_(fizika)" title="Spektar (fizika)">Spektar</a> kometa složen je od više dijelova. Dijelom se radi o Sunčevoj svjetlosti, odbijenoj ili od jezgre, kada je komet veoma daleko, ili od krutih čestica, zrnaca, koji se nalaze u komi i repu. Plinoviti sastojci kome i repa emitiraju spektralne linije. Fizički procesi koji uzrokuju to svijetljenje jesu različiti <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomski</a> procesi između Sunčeve svjetlosti i plina. Velik udio ima <a href="/wiki/Fluorescencija" title="Fluorescencija">fluorescencija</a>, proces pri kojemu upijanje svjetlosti na jednoj valnoj duljini vodi zračenju na nekoj drugoj, većoj <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">valnoj duljini</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Spektroskopija" title="Spektroskopija">Spektralnom analizom</a> pronađene su u komi neutralne <a href="/wiki/Molekule" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekule">molekule</a>. Među njima prevladavaju slobodni radikali: CH, OH, CN, NH, CH<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>2</sub>, HCN, CS, CO, C<sub>2</sub>, C<sub>3</sub>. Radikali su kemijski veoma aktivni, njihove veze su nezasićene, a u kometu ostaju samo stalni zbog male gustoće <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plina</a>. Molekula <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vode</a> H<sub>2</sub>O otkrivena je među posljednjima, po emisiji <a href="/wiki/Radio_valovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio valovi">radio valova</a>. U unutarnjim slojevima kome, uz jezgru, viđeni su pojedinačni atomi: H, C, O, S te Na, Fe, Cu, Co, Cr i još neki atomi <a href="/wiki/Metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal">metala</a>, što svjedoči o tome da su u unutarnjoj komi fizički i kemijski procesi najaktivniji. Katkada se vide i <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ioni</a>. Pri susretu svemirskih letjelica s Halleyjevim kometom izravno su nađeni i drugi sastojci, na primjer H<sub>2</sub>O<sup>+</sup>, H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>. U repu se zapažaju <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ioni</a> CO<sup>+</sup>, CO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>, CH<sup>+</sup>, CN<sup>+</sup>, N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>, OH<sup>+</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sup>+</sup>, C<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>+</sup>. Sve te tvari ne javljaju se čitavo vrijeme, već im pojava veoma ovisi o udaljenosti kometa od Sunca. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Model_zaprljane_grude_snijega">Model zaprljane grude snijega</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Model zaprljane grude snijega" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Model zaprljane grude snijega"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Promatranja i analize potvrđuju model kometske jezgre, koji je 1950. postavio <a href="/wiki/Fred_Lawrence_Whipple" title="Fred Lawrence Whipple">Fred Lawrence Whipple</a>. Model se naziva <b>zaprljanom grudom snijega</b>. Jezgra je rahli anglomerat smrznutih tvari (plinova) i stijenja, to jest prašine. Led i prah zastupljeni su otprilike jednako. Središte jezgre je u istom stanju kao u doba stvaranja kometa. Kora, koja je debela vjerojatno oko metra ili manje, nosi oznake meteorskih kratera, i u njoj prevladava prašina. Veoma je porozna. Njena je pojava, naime, posljedica procesa koji se odvijaju prilikom proleta kometa kraj Sunca. Pri svakom proletu kraj Sunca, komet veličine Halleyjeva izgubi dio kore, i nova se stvara. Do promjena na jezgri dolazi zagrijavanjem Sunčevim zračenjem, obično na udaljenosti od Sunca od 2.5 do 3 <a href="/wiki/AJ" class="mw-redirect" title="AJ">AJ</a>. Kod <a href="/wiki/Halleyjev_komet" title="Halleyjev komet">Halleyjeva kometa</a> promjene su zapažene na daljini 6 AJ, kada se pojavila koma. Mijenjala je oblik i sjaj. Sjaj se znao u jednom danu promijeniti za nekoliko puta. Zašto? Zato što iz jezgre izlazi tvar koja stvara atmosferu, ali ne izlazi jednoliko i po čitavoj površini, već iz nekoliko mjesta, i to poput mlazova. Zajedno sa strujom plina iz površine se odvajaju i čestice praha. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">Energija</a> Sunčeva zračenja dovodi do prijelaza <a href="/wiki/Led" title="Led">leda</a> u <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plin</a>. To je proces <a href="/wiki/Sublimacija" title="Sublimacija">sublimacije</a>, izravan prijelaz iz čvrstog u plinovito. No tvari koje su bile sleđene opet mogu u atmosferi resublimacijom prijeći u ledena zrnca. Tako dolazi do različitih pojava kome: plin, prah, ledena zrnca. Oblak od praha i ledenih zrnaca u daljem razvoju kometa sakriva jezgru od našeg pogleda, jer se na krutim česticama rasipa <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Deva_svjetlost" title="Sunčeva svjetlost">Sunčeva svjetlost</a>. Prava jezgra sakriva se u središnjem svjetlosnom zgušćenju. Osnovni sastojak ledova je <a href="/wiki/Led" title="Led">led</a> <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vode</a> (H<sub>2</sub>O). Uz vodu vjerojatni su sastojci HCN i CH<sub>3</sub>CN. <a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">Kristal</a> leda vode, zapravo jedna vrlo velika <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekula</a>, sadrži mnoge međušupljine, u kojima se mogu smjestiti manje molekule. To su takozvani klatratni <a href="/wiki/Hidrati" title="Hidrati">hidrati</a>. Kada se zagrijavanjem narušava struktura leda, zajedno s molekulama vode otpuštaju se i te druge molekule. Time se tumači tipična pojava kome na daljini od 2.5 do 3 AJ. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brzina_osloba%C4%91anja" title="Brzina oslobađanja">Brzina oslobađanja</a> od kometa iznosi nekoliko <a href="/wiki/Metar_u_sekundi" title="Metar u sekundi">m/s</a>. Stoga se <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plin</a> vrlo brzo širi i lako otječe u međuplanetarni prostor. <a href="/wiki/Molekule" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekule">Molekule</a> se rastavljaju (disociraju) na atome i manje skupine, a atomi ioniziraju pod djelovanjem Sunčeva zračenja i Sunčeva vjetra. Jedan proces ionizacije je fotoionizacija (upijanje <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a>), a drugi izmjena <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">naboja</a>. Naime, <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> Sunčeva vjetra (<a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodikov</a> <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ion</a>) u sudaru s neutralnim kometskim <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomom</a> oduzima njegov <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a>; vodikov se ion neutralizira, a kometski se atom ionizira. Širenje ioniziranog plina na daljinu od 1 000 000 km oko kometske jezgre dovodi do presudnih posljedica. <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_vjetar" title="Sunčev vjetar">Sunčev vjetar</a> nailazi na prepreku i usporava se. Zbog promjene u načinu strujanja javlja se takozvani udarni val, a Sunčev vjetar mijenja smjer i optječe oko kometa. Između udarnog vala i jezgre nalazi se najprije područje gdje su izmiješani ioni Sunčeva vjetra i kometski ioni; bliže kometu prevladavaju kometski ioni ili kometska plazma. Čestice praha ispunjavaju još manje područje, a najmanje područje, ledeni halo, ispunjavaju ledena zrnca. </p><p>Najveći <a href="/wiki/Obujam" title="Obujam">obujam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodikovu</a> koronu, ispunjavaju atomi vodika potekli iz jezgre, i mogu se zapaziti samo izvan <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_atmosfera" title="Zemljina atmosfera">Zemljine atmosfere</a>, jer zrače u kratkovalnom ultraljubičastom dijelu spektra. Plin se postupno širi oko kometa na udaljenosti veću od 10 000 000 km. Sa Sunčevim vjetrom prenosi se <a href="/wiki/Magnetsko_polje" title="Magnetsko polje">magnetsko polje</a>. Ono ne može prodrijeti u područje kometske <a href="/wiki/Plazma" class="mw-disambig" title="Plazma">plazme</a> u središnjim dijelovima kome, već se obavija oko kometa i utječe na oblik i ponašanje repa. Stoga se na osnovi izgleda repa i njegovih promjena može suditi o stanju međuplanetarnog magnetskog polja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sjaj_kometa">Sjaj kometa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Sjaj kometa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Sjaj kometa"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Magnituda_(astronomija)" title="Magnituda (astronomija)">Sjaj</a> kometa složena je posljedica svih fizičkih procesa koji se odvijaju pod djelovanjem svjetlosti i čestica Sunca na sleđenu jezgru i produkte njezina isparavanja, koji izgrađuju složenu i prolaznu atmosferu. Jakost svijetljenja kometa <i>I</i> opisuje se jednakošću: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I={\frac {I_{o}}{\Delta ^{2}\cdot r^{n}}}\ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>I</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I={\frac {I_{o}}{\Delta ^{2}\cdot r^{n}}}\ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2e5c3d999780f3b72cc3de38d8225e00c438daac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:12.623ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I={\frac {I_{o}}{\Delta ^{2}\cdot r^{n}}}\ }"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: <i>r</i> - udaljenost kometa od Sunca, <i>Δ</i> - udaljenost kometa od Zemlje, <i>I<sub>o</sub></i> - jakost svjetlosti koju bi komet imao kada bi za 1 <a href="/wiki/AJ" class="mw-redirect" title="AJ">AJ</a> bio udaljen i od Sunca i od Zemlje. Ta jednakost kaže da je jakost svijetljenja obrnuto razmjerna kvadratu udaljenosti kometa od Zemlje. Ujedno, jakost ovisi o udaljenosti od Sunca. Kada bi svjetlost kometa bila jednostavno svjetlost Sunca odražena od tijela kometa i kada bi ono bilo uvijek jadnako veliko (a ni jedno ni drugo nije istina), i sjaj kometa padao bi s kvadratom udaljenosti od Sunca, to jest bilo bi <i>n = 2</i>. No kako količina plina i praha okupljenih oko jezgre i pobuda plina na svijetljenje ovisi o udaljenosti, s približavanjem Suncu sjaj kometa raste brže no što bi rastao po pravilu kvadrata udaljenosti, pa je indeks <i>n</i> stvarno nađen u rasponu od <i>n = 2</i> do <i>n = 6</i>. Ocjenjujući indeks dok je komet još daleko, pretkazuje se njegov sjaj u <a href="/wiki/Perihel" title="Perihel">perihelu</a>. </p><p>Komet koji je Sunce obišao manje puta ima površinu koja nije znatnije narušena. Kometu koji je više puta obišao oko Sunca i kojemu je mnogo sleđene tvari ispareno, skorena prašina dobro štiti smrznutu tvar od zračenja i aktivnost kometa slabi, koma je manja i rep manje raskošan. "Stari" kometi koji su izgubili mnogo lako isparljivih sastojaka mogu ostati bez kome i time iščeznuti iz vida. Neki se kometi raspadaju, ostavljajući za sobom oblak čestica prašine. Ne zna se je li to tipično vladanje kometa sa starenjem, jer o čvrstoći kometske jezgre nema dovoljno znanja. </p><p>Prema podacima svemirskih letjelica koje su se susrele s Halleyjevim kometom, u blizini perihela komet je u sekundi gubio 40 <a href="/wiki/Tona" title="Tona">tona</a> vode i 10 tona praha. Jezgru Halleyjeva kometa snimila je <a href="/wiki/Svemirska_letjelica" class="mw-redirect" title="Svemirska letjelica">svemirska letjelica</a> <a href="/wiki/Giotto" class="mw-disambig" title="Giotto">Giotto</a> 14. ožujka 1986. kao nepravilnu gromadu, 8 km x 15 <a href="/wiki/Km" class="mw-redirect" title="Km">km</a>. Na noćnom dijelu jezgre zapaža se veoma tamno tlo, crno poput <a href="/wiki/Ugljen" title="Ugljen">ugljena</a>, a iz osunčane polutke izbijaju pramenovi tvari.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>koma</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=32524">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Vladis_Vujnovi%C4%87" title="Vladis Vujnović">Vladis Vujnović</a> : "Astronomija", Školska knjiga, 1989.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Kometi" title="Predložak:Kometi"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Kometi&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Komet" title="Komet">Kometi</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">Osobine</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jezgra_kometa" title="Jezgra kometa">jezgra</a> • <a href="/wiki/La%C5%BEna_jezgra" title="Lažna jezgra">lažna jezgra</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">koma</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rep_kometa" title="Rep kometa">rep</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proturep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proturep (stranica ne postoji)">proturep</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kometna_pra%C5%A1ina" title="Kometna prašina">prašina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Meteorski_pljusak" title="Meteorski pljusak">meteorski pljusak</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kometna_aktivnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kometna aktivnost (stranica ne postoji)">aktivnost</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komtna_putanja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komtna putanja (stranica ne postoji)">putanja</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">Vrste</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_kometa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis kometa (stranica ne postoji)">popis svih kometa</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_periodi%C4%8Dnih_kometa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis periodičnih kometa (stranica ne postoji)">periodični</a> (<a href="/wiki/Komet_kratka_perioda" title="Komet kratka perioda">kratki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Komet_duga_perioda" title="Komet duga perioda">dugi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_dugoperiodnih_kometa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis dugoperiodnih kometa (stranica ne postoji)">popis</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Popis_numeriranih_kometa" title="Popis numeriranih kometa">numerirani</a> • <a href="/wiki/Izgubljeni_komet" title="Izgubljeni komet">izgubljeni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Komet_Halleyeve_vrste" title="Komet Halleyeve vrste">Halleyeva vrsta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Popis_kometa_Halleyeve_vrste" title="Popis kometa Halleyeve vrste">popis</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Komet_Jupiterove_obitelji" title="Komet Jupiterove obitelji">Jupiterova obitelj</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_kometa_Jupiterove_obitelji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis kometa Jupiterove obitelji (stranica ne postoji)">popis</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Komet_Enckeove_vrste" title="Komet Enckeove vrste">Enckeova vrsta</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_kometa_Enckeove_vrste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis kometa Enckeove vrste (stranica ne postoji)">popis</a>) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komet_glavnog_pojasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komet glavnog pojasa (stranica ne postoji)">glavni pojas</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_kometa_glavnog_pojasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis kometa glavnog pojasa (stranica ne postoji)">popis</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Komet_kvazi-Hildine_obitelji" title="Komet kvazi-Hildine obitelji">Kvazi-Hildina obitelj</a> (<a href="/wiki/Popis_kometa_kvazi-Hildine_obitelji" title="Popis kometa kvazi-Hildine obitelji">popis</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Komet_Hironove_vrste" title="Komet Hironove vrste">Hironova vrsta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Popis_kometa_Hironove_vrste" title="Popis kometa Hironove vrste">popis</a>) • neperiodični (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_kometa_putanje_bliske_paraboli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis kometa putanje bliske paraboli (stranica ne postoji)">bliskoparabolni</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_hiperboli%C4%8Dnih_kometa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis hiperboličnih kometa (stranica ne postoji)">hiperbolični</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_kometa_nepoznate_orbite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis kometa nepoznate orbite (stranica ne postoji)">nepoznate orbite</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Veliki_komet" title="Veliki komet">veliki komet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Blizusun%C4%8Dev_komet" title="Blizusunčev komet">blizusunčev</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kreutzova_kometna_obitelj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kreutzova kometna obitelj (stranica ne postoji)">Kreutzovi</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Uga%C5%A1eni_komet" title="Ugašeni komet">ugasli</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kameni_komet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kameni komet (stranica ne postoji)">kameni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egzokomet" title="Egzokomet">egzokomet</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Me%C4%91uzvjezdani_komet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Međuzvjezdani komet (stranica ne postoji)">međuzvjezdani</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">U svezi</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imenovanje_kometa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imenovanje kometa (stranica ne postoji)">imenovanje kometa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Centaur_(asteroid)" title="Centaur (asteroid)">centaur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Otkriva%C4%8Di_kometa" title="Kategorija:Otkrivači kometa">otkrivatelji kometa</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_kometa_otkrivenih_projektom_LINEAR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis kometa otkrivenih projektom LINEAR (stranica ne postoji)">LINEAR</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izvanzemaljska_atmosfera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izvanzemaljska atmosfera (stranica ne postoji)">izvanzemaljska atmosfera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oortov_oblak" title="Oortov oblak">Oortov oblak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mala_tijela_Sun%C4%8Devog_sustava" title="Mala tijela Sunčevog sustava">mala tijela Sunčevog sustava</a> • <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">Istraživanje</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_misija_na_komete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis misija na komete (stranica ne postoji)">popis misija na komete</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_kometa_koje_su_posjetile_svemirske_letjelice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis kometa koje su posjetile svemirske letjelice (stranica ne postoji)">popis kometa koje su posjetile svemirske letjelice</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">Ostalo</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komet_od_antimaterije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komet od antimaterije (stranica ne postoji)">komet od antimaterije</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kometi_u_fikciji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kometi u fikciji (stranica ne postoji)">kometi u fikciji</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Fikcijski_kometi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Fikcijski kometi (stranica ne postoji)">popis</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kometna_vina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kometna vina (stranica ne postoji)">kometna vina</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&oldid=6235138">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&oldid=6235138</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Kometi" title="Kategorija:Kometi">Kometi</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 1. siječnja 2022. u 00:23.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. Pogledajte <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Uvjete upotrebe</a> za detalje.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Zaštita privatnosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Impresum">Impresum</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Op%C4%87e_odricanje_od_odgovornosti">Odricanje od odgovornosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodeks ponašanja</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Razvojni programeri</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/hr.wikipedia.org">Statistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Izjava o kolačićima</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//hr.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koma_(astronomija)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Prikaz za mobilne uređaje</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-6cd999d6b6-bl2lb","wgBackendResponseTime":181,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.092","walltime":"0.185","ppvisitednodes":{"value":619,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":15931,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5794,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2657,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 57.118 1 -total"," 55.37% 31.625 2 Predložak:Glavni"," 26.47% 15.120 1 Predložak:Kometi"," 20.80% 11.883 1 Predložak:Navigacija"," 15.90% 9.080 1 Predložak:Izvori"," 9.19% 5.251 1 Predložak:Tnavbar"," 3.95% 2.256 1 Predložak:Bull"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.015","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":644241,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-sv2sq","timestamp":"20241123204130","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Koma (astronomija)","url":"https:\/\/hr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Koma_(astronomija)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q259854","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q259854","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Doprinositelji projektima Wikimedije"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-07-16T12:50:19Z","dateModified":"2021-12-31T23:23:37Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/hr\/0\/08\/Komet_01.png"}</script> </body> </html>