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title=\"Wikipedija:Kriteriji značajnosti po temama\"\u003ERaspravite \u003Cb\u003Erazradu po temama kriterija\u003C/b\u003E o značajnosti!\u003C/a\u003E \u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sastavljanje_dviju_ili_više_sila" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sastavljanje_dviju_ili_više_sila"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sastavljanje dviju ili više sila</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sastavljanje_dviju_ili_više_sila-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Djelovanje_sile_na_česticu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Djelovanje_sile_na_česticu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Djelovanje sile na česticu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Djelovanje_sile_na_česticu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Djelovanje_sile_na_tijelo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Djelovanje_sile_na_tijelo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Djelovanje sile na tijelo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Djelovanje_sile_na_tijelo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Djelovanje_sile_na_kruto_tijelo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Djelovanje_sile_na_kruto_tijelo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Djelovanje sile na kruto tijelo</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Djelovanje_sile_na_kruto_tijelo-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Djelovanje sile na kruto tijelo</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Djelovanje_sile_na_kruto_tijelo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Model_koncentrirane_(točkaste)_sile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Model_koncentrirane_(točkaste)_sile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Model koncentrirane (točkaste) sile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Model_koncentrirane_(točkaste)_sile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hvatište_sile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hvatište_sile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Hvatište sile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hvatište_sile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sila_kao_klizni_vektor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sila_kao_klizni_vektor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Sila kao klizni vektor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sila_kao_klizni_vektor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rezultanta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rezultanta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Rezultanta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rezultanta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spreg_sila" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spreg_sila"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Spreg sila</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spreg_sila-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vrste_sila" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vrste_sila"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vrste sila</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vrste_sila-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Vrste sila</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vrste_sila-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fundamentalne_interakcije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fundamentalne_interakcije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Fundamentalne interakcije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fundamentalne_interakcije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povezani_članci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezani_članci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Povezani članci</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezani_članci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sila</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 153 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-153" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">153 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krag" title="Krag – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Krag" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft" title="Kraft – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kraft" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%89%E1%88%8D%E1%89%A0%E1%89%B5" title="ጉልበት – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጉልበት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerza" title="Fuerza – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fuerza" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9" title="قوة – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قوة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%87_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="قوه (فيزيا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قوه (فيزيا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2" title="বল – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuercia" title="Fuercia – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fuercia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C3%BCvv%C9%99_(fiziki_k%C9%99miyy%C9%99t)" title="Qüvvə (fiziki kəmiyyət) – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qüvvə (fiziki kəmiyyət)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AC" title="گوج – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گوج" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%81" title="Көс – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Көс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroft" title="Kroft – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kroft" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiega" title="Jiega – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jiega" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwersa" title="Pwersa – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pwersa" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сіла – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сіла" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Сіла (фізычная велічыня) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сіла (фізычная велічыня)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сила – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сила" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="बर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="အာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2" title="বল – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sila" title="Sila – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sila" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Хүсэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хүсэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%A7a" title="Força – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Força" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusog" title="Kusog – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kusog" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B2_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="ھێز (فیزیک) – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھێز (فیزیک)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADla" title="Síla – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Síla" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%C4%83%D0%B9" title="Вăй – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вăй" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grym" title="Grym – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Grym" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft" title="Kraft – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kraft" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft" title="Kraft – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kraft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B7" title="Δύναμη – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δύναμη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force" title="Force – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Force" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forto" title="Forto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Forto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerza" title="Fuerza – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fuerza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B5ud" title="Jõud – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jõud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indar" title="Indar – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Indar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huer%C3%A7a" title="Huerça – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Huerça" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88" title="نیرو – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voima_(fysiikka)" title="Voima (fysiikka) – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Voima (fysiikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_(physique)" title="Force (physique) – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Force (physique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A4%C3%A4ft_(f%C3%BCsiik)" title="Krääft (füsiik) – sjevernofrizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Krääft (füsiik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjevernofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%AAft" title="Krêft – zapadnofrizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Krêft" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadnofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3rsa" title="Fórsa – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fórsa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%9B" title="力 – gan kineski" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="力" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B2s_(fizik)" title="Fòs (fizik) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Fòs (fizik)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forza" title="Forza – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Forza" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%27aka" title="Pu'aka – gvaranski" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pu'aka" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%B3" title="બળ – gudžaratski" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બળ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžaratski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forse" title="Forse – manski" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Forse" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%CC%8Dt" title="Li̍t – hakka kineski" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Li̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%97_(%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="כוח (פיזיקה) – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כוח (פיזיקה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_(%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80)" title="बल (भौतिकी) – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बल (भौतिकी)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taagat" title="Taagat – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Taagat" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B2s" title="Fòs – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fòs" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er%C5%91" title="Erő – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Erő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AA" title="Ուժ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուժ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%B5%D5%AA" title="Ոյժ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ոյժ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortia" title="Fortia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Fortia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya_(fisika)" title="Gaya (fisika) – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gaya (fisika)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortie" title="Fortie – interligua" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Fortie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interligua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forco" title="Forco – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Forco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraftur" title="Kraftur – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kraftur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forza" title="Forza – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Forza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%9B_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="力 (物理学) – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="力 (物理学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuos" title="Fuos – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Fuos" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya" title="Gaya – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gaya" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ძალა – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძალა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%27sh" title="Ku'sh – kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ku'sh" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadusi" title="Tadusi – kabilski" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tadusi" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%89o%C5%8B" title="Ɖoŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɖoŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%88" title="Күш – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Күш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="កម្លាំង – kmerski" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កម្លាំង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B2" title="ಬಲ – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%98_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="힘 (물리학) – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="힘 (물리학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8E%D9%84" title="بَل – kašmirski" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بَل" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AAz" title="Hêz – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hêz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vis" title="Vis – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forte_(fisica)" title="Forte (fisica) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Forte (fisica)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force" title="Force – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Force" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krach" title="Krach – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Krach" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forza" title="Forza – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Forza" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%97ga" title="Jėga – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jėga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C4%93ks" title="Spēks – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spēks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Вийсь – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Вийсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hery" title="Hery – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hery" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сила – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сила" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="ബലം – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%87" title="Хүч – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хүч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="बल – marathski" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daya_(fizik)" title="Daya (fizik) – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Daya (fizik)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အား – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88" title="نیرو – mazanderanski" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نیرو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft" title="Kraft – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kraft" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="बल – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%83" title="तिबः – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तिबः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kracht" title="Kracht – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kracht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft" title="Kraft – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kraft" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft" title="Kraft – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kraft" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B2r%C3%A7a" title="Fòrça – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fòrça" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humna" title="Humna – oromski" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Humna" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B3" title="ବଳ – orijski" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବଳ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="orijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0" title="ਜ਼ੋਰ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜ਼ੋਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C5%82a" title="Siła – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Siła" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B2rsa" title="Fòrsa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fòrsa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1" title="زور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%A7a" title="Força – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Força" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallpa" title="Kallpa – kečuanski" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kallpa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Forță – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Forță" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сила – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сила" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сила – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Сила" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="परस्परक्रिया – sanskrtski" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="परस्परक्रिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrtski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%81" title="Күүс – jakutski" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Күүс" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortza" title="Fortza – sardski" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Fortza" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forza" title="Forza – sicilijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Forza" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poust_(naitural_philosophy)" title="Poust (naitural philosophy) – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Poust (naitural philosophy)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA_(%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%AA%D8%B3)" title="قوت (فزڪس) – sindski" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قوت (فزڪس)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sila" title="Sila – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sila" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="බලය – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force" title="Force – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Force" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sila" title="Sila – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sila" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sila" title="Sila – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sila" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyeimi_(fyysiik)" title="Vyeimi (fyysiik) – inari sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Vyeimi (fyysiik)" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="inari sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manikidzo" title="Manikidzo – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Manikidzo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awood" title="Awood – somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Awood" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forca" title="Forca – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Forca" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сила – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сила" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya" title="Gaya – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gaya" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft" title="Kraft – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kraft" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kani" title="Kani – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88" title="விசை – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விசை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82" title="బలం – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బలం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%AF" title="Нерӯ – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нерӯ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" title="แรง – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แรง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BC%C3%BD%C3%A7" title="Güýç – turkmenski" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Güýç" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puwersa" title="Puwersa – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Puwersa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuvvet" title="Kuvvet – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuvvet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%A7" title="Köç – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Köç" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%88" title="Күш – tuvinski" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Күш" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Сила – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сила" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="قوت – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قوت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuch" title="Kuch – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kuch" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forsa" title="Forsa – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Forsa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4gi" title="Vägi – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vägi" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%B1c" title="Lực – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lực" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusog" title="Kusog – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kusog" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%9B" title="力 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="力" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifolokhwe" title="Ifolokhwe – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ifolokhwe" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98" title="קראפט – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קראפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ip%C3%A1_(f%C3%ADs%C3%ADks%C3%AC)" title="Ipá (físíksì) – jorupski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ipá (físíksì)" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorupski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%9B" title="力 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="力" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%CC%8Dt" title="La̍t – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="La̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%9B" title="力 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="力" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiPhoqi" title="IsiPhoqi – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiPhoqi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11402#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Sila" rel="discussion" title="Razgovorna stranica [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sila"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sila"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Sila" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Sila" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&oldid=6980097" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Sila&id=6980097&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSila"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSila"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Zbirka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Sila"><span>Stvori knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sila&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Forces_(physics)" hreflang="en"><span>Zajednički poslužitelj</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikiquote.org/wiki/Snaga" hreflang="hr"><span>Wikicitat</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11402" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/20px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/30px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/40px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></span></span> <i>Ovo je glavno značenje pojma <b>Sila</b>. Za druga značenja pogledajte <a href="/wiki/Sila_(razdvojba)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sila (razdvojba)">Sila (razdvojba)</a>.</i></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Polea-simple-fija.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Polea-simple-fija.jpg/250px-Polea-simple-fija.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Polea-simple-fija.jpg/375px-Polea-simple-fija.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Polea-simple-fija.jpg/500px-Polea-simple-fija.jpg 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="572" /></a><figcaption>Čvrsta ili nepomična <a href="/wiki/Kolotura" title="Kolotura">kolotura</a> za promjenu smjera sile.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Trenje.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Trenje.PNG/250px-Trenje.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Trenje.PNG/375px-Trenje.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Trenje.PNG/500px-Trenje.PNG 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trenje" title="Trenje">Trenje</a> i sile na vodoravnoj podlozi.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Sile_na_tijelo_postavljeno_na_kosinu.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sile_na_tijelo_postavljeno_na_kosinu.PNG/250px-Sile_na_tijelo_postavljeno_na_kosinu.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sile_na_tijelo_postavljeno_na_kosinu.PNG/375px-Sile_na_tijelo_postavljeno_na_kosinu.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Sile_na_tijelo_postavljeno_na_kosinu.PNG 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption>Sile na tijelo stavljeno na <a href="/wiki/Kosina" title="Kosina">kosinu</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sila</b> je <a href="/wiki/Vektor" title="Vektor">vektorska</a> <a href="/wiki/Fizikalna_veli%C4%8Dina" class="mw-redirect" title="Fizikalna veličina">fizikalna veličina</a> (oznaka <i>F</i>) kojom se opisuje svaki utjecaj na promjenu oblika i strukture <a href="/wiki/Tijelo_(fizika)" title="Tijelo (fizika)">tijela</a>, promjenu <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzine</a> tijela ili <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cestica" class="mw-redirect" title="Čestica">čestice</a> to jest međudjelovanje fizikalnih sustava ili međudjelovanje sustava i polja. Osnovna je <a href="/wiki/Mjerna_jedinica" title="Mjerna jedinica">mjerna jedinica</a> sile <a href="/wiki/Njutn" title="Njutn">njutn</a> (N). Definirana je drugim <a href="/wiki/Newtonovi_zakoni_gibanja" title="Newtonovi zakoni gibanja">Newtonovim zakonom gibanja</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}={\mathrm {d} {\vec {p}} \over \mathrm {d} t}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}={\mathrm {d} {\vec {p}} \over \mathrm {d} t}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86d827ca33afb0e3e263bccdab6d5d689adf5261" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:8.323ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}={\mathrm {d} {\vec {p}} \over \mathrm {d} t}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>kao promjena <a href="/wiki/Koli%C4%8Dina_gibanja" title="Količina gibanja">količine gibanja</a> <i>dp</i> u <a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_(fizika)" title="Vrijeme (fizika)">vremenskom intervalu</a> <i>dt</i> ili, pojednostavnjeno: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F=m\cdot a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F=m\cdot a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a7b767e501988f58a63aceeea58b644e0738506a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:9.789ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F=m\cdot a}"></span></dd></dl> <p>pri čemu je <i>m</i> <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a>, a <i>a</i> <a href="/wiki/Ubrzanje" title="Ubrzanje">ubrzanje</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Akceleracija" class="mw-redirect" title="Akceleracija">akceleracija</a> tijela na koje sila djeluje. </p><p>Tradicionalna <a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">fizika</a> razlikuje <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalne_interakcije" title="Fundamentalne interakcije">četiri temeljne sile</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija">gravitaciju</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetska_sila" title="Elektromagnetska sila">elektromagnetsku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slaba_nuklearna_sila" title="Slaba nuklearna sila">slabu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jaka_nuklearna_sila" title="Jaka nuklearna sila">jaku nuklearnu silu</a>, a sve su ostale sile njihova posljedica. Jaka nuklearna sila djeluje među česticama koje sadrže <a href="/wiki/Kvark" title="Kvark">kvarkove</a>, drži <a href="/wiki/Nukleon" title="Nukleon">nukleone</a> i <a href="/wiki/Atomska_jezgra" title="Atomska jezgra">jezgre atoma</a> na okupu, sto i više puta jača je od elektromagnetske sile, ali je kratka dosega (10<sup>−15</sup> <a href="/wiki/Metar" title="Metar">metara</a>); posljedica je jake nuklearne sile na primjer <a href="/wiki/Alfa_raspad" title="Alfa raspad">alfa raspad</a>. Slaba nuklearna sila slabija je od elektromagnetske, vrlo kratkoga dosega (10<sup>−17</sup> m), a njezina je posljedica <a href="/wiki/Beta_raspad" title="Beta raspad">beta raspad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Radioaktivnost" title="Radioaktivnost">radioaktivnost</a>). Gravitacija djeluje na masu sustava, električna sila djeluje na <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">električki nabijena</a> tijela i čestice, <a href="/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet">magnetska</a> sila djeluje na <a href="/wiki/Feromagnetizam" title="Feromagnetizam">feromagnetične</a> materijale, <a href="/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet">magnete</a> i električki nabijene sustave koji se gibaju. Posljedica su <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetizam" title="Elektromagnetizam">elektromagnetskih</a> djelovanja među <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomima</a> i <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekulama</a> <a href="/wiki/Elasti%C4%8Dnost" title="Elastičnost">elastična</a> sila (vraća sustave u <a href="/wiki/Ravnote%C5%BEa_(mehanika)" title="Ravnoteža (mehanika)">ravnotežni</a> položaj), <a href="/wiki/Kohezija" title="Kohezija">kohezijska</a> sila (drži atome i molekule tijela i tekućina na okupu), sila <a href="/wiki/Trenje" title="Trenje">trenja</a> (sila kojom se dva tijela u dodiru opiru gibanju) i drugo. Posljedica je gravitacijske sile na primjer <a href="/wiki/Sila_te%C5%BEa" title="Sila teža">sila teža</a> (zbroj gravitacijske sile na površini Zemlje i centrifugalne sile zbog rotacije Zemlje) i <a href="/wiki/Uzgon" title="Uzgon">uzgon</a> (sila koja djeluje na tijela uronjena u <a href="/wiki/Fluid" title="Fluid">fluid</a> suprotno smjeru gravitacijske sile). Kontaktna sila posljedica je dodira dvaju sustava. Ako sustavi miruju, može biti aktivna (na primjer sila kojom knjiga pritišće stol) ili pasivna, reaktivna (na primjer sila kojom stol djeluje na knjigu). Može ovisiti o brzini relativnoga gibanja sustava u dodiru, na primjer sila trenja ili viskoznost (trenje unutar slojeva tekućine) i otpor zraka (trenje između tijela i čestica zraka). </p><p>Inercijska sila pojavljuje se unutar sustava koji se giba <a href="/wiki/Inercijski_referentni_okvir" title="Inercijski referentni okvir">inercijski</a>, to jest mijenja brzinu (na primjer sila koja prilikom <a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Dnice" title="Kočnice">kočenja</a> automobila gura putnike prema naprijed, <a href="/wiki/Centrifugalna_sila" title="Centrifugalna sila">centrifugalna sila</a>, koja odbacuje tijela od središta gibanja, <a href="/wiki/Coriolisova_sila" class="mw-redirect" title="Coriolisova sila">Coriolisova sila</a>, koja djeluje na tijela što se u sustavu koji se vrti gibaju koso (pod kutom) u odnosu na os rotacije na primjer na oblake iznad površine Zemlje. </p><p>U modernoj se fizici pojam sile izbjegava i govori se o međudjelovanjima. Gravitacija je <a href="/wiki/Prostorvrijeme" title="Prostorvrijeme">deformacija prostor-vremena</a> izazvana masama, a ostala međudjelovanja pokušavaju se interpretirati jedinstvenom teorijom.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sastavljanje_dviju_ili_više_sila"><span id="Sastavljanje_dviju_ili_vi.C5.A1e_sila"></span>Sastavljanje dviju ili više sila</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Sastavljanje dviju ili više sila" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Sastavljanje dviju ili više sila"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Addition_of_forces.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Addition_of_forces.JPG" decoding="async" width="424" height="222" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="222" /></a><figcaption>Zbrajanje sila</figcaption></figure> <p>Iako se vektorski račun razvijao tek u 18. i 19. stoljeću, postupak zbrajanja sila po pravilu paralelograma bio je navodno poznat još u antičko doba, a eksplicitno ga spominju i Galileo i Newton.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Na skici desno prikazano je zbrajanje sila <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/56282c3e68a58239331426232499a620957fe50a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.14ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{1}}"></span> i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b2e201cec4550c7acae5f5d259d3c4576e19feb7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.14ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{2}}"></span>. Sile su prikazane kao usmjerene dužine: strelica označava smjer sile, a duljina usmjerene dužine proporcionalna je iznosu sile (npr. 1 cm predstavlja 1 N). Zbroj <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/02da86fc900a1585e3a01a08d897a7f8a715e064" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.309ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}"></span> tih dviju sila nacrtan je kao dijagonala paralelograma (lijevi dio skice), što je i intuitivno razumljivo: da bi sila <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/02da86fc900a1585e3a01a08d897a7f8a715e064" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.309ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}"></span> opisala zajednički učinak tih sila (što je smisao zbrajanja), njezin smjer mora biti bliže smjeru veće sile <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b2e201cec4550c7acae5f5d259d3c4576e19feb7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.14ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{2}}"></span>, a iznos veći od iznosa <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b2e201cec4550c7acae5f5d259d3c4576e19feb7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.14ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{2}}"></span> jer i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/56282c3e68a58239331426232499a620957fe50a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.14ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{1}}"></span> pomaže vući u tome "općem" smjeru (na prikazanoj skici). </p><p>No, za razliku od približne intuitivne ocjene, pravilo paralelograma daje precizan rezultat, što je lako provjeriti mjerenjem učinka sila. Taj se rezultat može približno očitati sa skice, ili na temelju skice točno izračunati (pomoću elementarne trigonometrije). </p><p>Korisno je uočiti da se, umjesto po paralelogramu, isti rezultat može dobiti "nadovezivanjem" (desni dio skice), pri čemu je svejedno koja se usmjerena dužina premjesti (nadoveže) na kraj one druge. To mogućuje jednostavnije zbrajanje većeg broja sila (nadovezuju se jedna na drugu, a zbroj je usmjerena dužina koja "ide" od početka prve do kraja zadnje). U donjem dijelu skice ilustrirano je zbrajanje nadovezivanjem za sile koje su u istom i u suprotnom smjeru. </p><p>Rastavljanje sile na komponente je obrnutii postupak od zbrajanja. Za paralelogram sila sa skice može se smatrati i da prikazuje rastav sile <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/02da86fc900a1585e3a01a08d897a7f8a715e064" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.309ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}"></span> na komponente <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/56282c3e68a58239331426232499a620957fe50a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.14ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{1}}"></span> i <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b2e201cec4550c7acae5f5d259d3c4576e19feb7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.14ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{2}}"></span> (ako se polazi od poznate sile <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/02da86fc900a1585e3a01a08d897a7f8a715e064" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.309ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}"></span> i traže njezine komponente u promatranim smjerovima). Rastavljanje sila na komponente često je potrebno za razumijevanje njihova učinka i reakcije okoline, a i znatno olakšava račun. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Rolling_ball.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Rolling_ball.JPG" decoding="async" width="166" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="160" /></a><figcaption>Kotrljanje kugle niz kosinu</figcaption></figure> <p>Za ilustraciju kako se međudjelovanje opisuje silama, na skici desno prikazano je kotrljanje kugle niz kosinu (uz najjednostavnije modeliranje sila). Zemlja privlači kuglu silom <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {G}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {G}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5f9049fbfc2eb1026b80d8d4de5b1cbcf36600bd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.292ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {G}}}"></span> (to je <a href="/wiki/Te%C5%BEina" title="Težina">težina</a> kugle). Kugla se ne može gibati u tome smjeru jer se nalazi na podlozi, pa pritišće podlogu (skica prikazuje samo sile koje djeluju na kuglu, pa sila pritiska nije prikazana; ona je jednaka komponenti težine koja je okomita na podlogu). Podloga na pritisak uzvraća silom <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {N}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>N</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {N}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d63895182600720b057bbbe609fcf67f1cd43fb9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.459ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {N}}}"></span> koja se naziva normalnom reakcijom podloge. Zbroj težine i normalne reakcije podloge je sila koja ubrzava kuglu niz kosinu; ta sila (nije nacrtana) je zapravo komponenta težine koja je paralelna s podlogom. No, njoj se protivi <a href="/wiki/Trenje" title="Trenje">trenje</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {T}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {T}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bd607ab4be29b29a24d98413974c0a3f60ed9c57" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.287ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {T}}}"></span> koje umanjuje translacijsko <a href="/wiki/Ubrzanje" title="Ubrzanje">ubrzanje</a> kugle niz kosinu, ali zato kugli daje <a href="/wiki/Kutno_ubrzanje" title="Kutno ubrzanje">kutno ubrzanje</a>, pa se kugla kotrlja bez proklizavanja (što je usklađena istovremena rotacija i translacija). </p><p>Iako to nije nužno za proračun gibanja kugle niz kosinu, u detaljnijoj analizi moglo bi se promatrati kako se na mjestu kontakta deformira podloga (a i sama kugla) zbog sila kojima međusobno djeluju. U još detaljnijoj analizi moglo bi se (barem u načelu) razmatrati kakvim silama prilikom te deformacije međusobno djeluju pojedine molekule i atomi od kojih se satoje kugla i podloga, te koja je priroda tih sila i u kavoj su one vezi s <a href="/wiki/Elementarne_%C4%8Destice" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementarne čestice">elementarnim česticama</a> od kojih su atomi građeni. </p><p>Fizika dvadesetog stoljeća pokazala je da se sve vrste sila mogu razložiti na četiri <b>fundamentalne sile</b> koje djeluju na elementarne čestice (vidi <a href="#Fundamentalne_interakcije">odlomak o fundamentalnim interakcijama na kraju ovog članka</a>). Analizom interakcija na toj razini bavi se <a href="/wiki/Fizika_elementarnih_%C4%8Destica" title="Fizika elementarnih čestica">fizika elementarnih čestica</a>. Nasuprot tome, ovaj članak bavi se uglavnom uvodnim razmatranjem pojma <i>sile</i> kakav je ranije izgradila <a href="/wiki/Klasi%C4%8Dna_mehanika" title="Klasična mehanika">klasična mehanika</a>, i koji se i danas jednako koristi u tome području i u mnogobrojnim tehničkim primjenama. Promatra se djelovanje sila (bez obzira na to koje su vrste) na različite materijalne objekte, čija nas stvarna atomska struktura ne zanima, već samo razlikujemo makroskopska tijela od mikroskopski sitnih objekata koji se nazivaju česticama (a ne misli se na elementarne čestice, nego na bilo kakve vrlo male komadiće tvari). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Djelovanje_sile_na_česticu"><span id="Djelovanje_sile_na_.C4.8Desticu"></span>Djelovanje sile na česticu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Djelovanje sile na česticu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Djelovanje sile na česticu"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Čestica je u klasičnoj mehanici komadić materije vrlo malih dimenzinja (u promatranom kontekstu), čija nas unutarnja struktura ne zanima, i čiji položaj možemo dobro opisati samo jednom točkom. Kad sila djeluje na česticu, ona djeluje upravo u toj točki. Sila čestici daje ubrzanje (što je preciznije opisano drugim Newtonovim aksiomom). Ako na česticu djeluje više sila, njezino ubrzanje se računa pomoću ukupne sile koja se dobije vektorskim zbrajanjem svih sila. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Djelovanje_sile_na_tijelo">Djelovanje sile na tijelo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Djelovanje sile na tijelo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Djelovanje sile na tijelo"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tijelo se u klasičnoj mehanici može opisati kao skup ogromnog broja međusobno povezanih čestica (pri čemu je svejedno da li su to atomi, molekule ili neke "apstraktne" čestice). Sile kojima okolina djeluje na tijelo nazivaju se <b>vanjskim silama</b> (pridjev "vanjski" izostavlja se ako je iz konteksta jasno o kojim se silama radi). Kad vanjska sila djeluje na tijelo, ona može zahvatiti veći ili manji broj njegovih čestica, a njezino djelovanje prenosi se na druge čestice tijela zahvaljujući vezama među česticama tijela. Te unutarnje veze su također sile, koje se nazivaju <b>unutarnjim silama</b> (preciznije: ako vanjska sila mijenja razmake između molekula odnosno atoma tijela, elektromagnetske sile među njima suprotstavljaju se tim promjenama - no, takvo preciziranje nije potrebno za klasično-mehanički opis). </p><p>Djelovanje vanjske sile može imati nekoliko učinaka na slobodno tijelo: </p> <ol><li>Neovisno o tome kako i gdje zahvaća tijelo, sila daje ubrzanje njegovom <a href="/wiki/Centar_masa" title="Centar masa">centru masa</a> kako je preciznije opisano drugim Newtonovim aksiomom.</li> <li>Osim ubrzanja centra masa, sila može tijelu davati i kutno ubrzanje, što ovisi o tome gdje sila zahvaća tijelo. Slobodno tijelo neće dobivati kutno ubrzanje samo kada pravac <a href="#Rezultanta">rezultantne</a> sile prolazi kroz njegov centar masa.</li> <li>Osim toga, sila može izazvati promjenu oblika (deformaciju) tijela koja se sastoji od promjene udaljenosti među (nekim) česticama tijela, što ovisi o tome kako i gdje sila zahvaća tijelo. Sila može zahvaćati sve čestice tijela (takva se sila ponekad naziva <b>volumenskom</b> ili <b>masenom silom</b>); ako na isti način djeluje na svaku od njih (kao npr. <a href="/wiki/Homogenost" title="Homogenost">homogeno</a> gravitacijsko polje), neće izazvati nikakvu deformaciju. No, ako sila zahvaća samo dio tijela, ona uvijek izaziva izvjesnu deformaciju; pritom se, u najgrubljoj podjeli, mogu razlikovati sljedeći slučajevi:</li></ol> <dl><dd><dl><dd><ul><li>Deformacija tijela je neznatna: ili se praktično ne opaža, ili je zanemariva (irelevantna) u promatranom kontekstu. Tada se kaže da je to tijelo <b>kruto tijelo</b>. (Model krutog tijela je najjednostavnija aproksimacija pomoću koje počinje svako tumačenje djelovanja sila na tijelo.)</li> <li>Deformacija je elastična: promjeni oblika opiru se unutarnje sile koje tijelo mogu vratiti u prvobitni oblik nakon prestanka djelovanja vanjske sile.</li> <li>Deformacija je plastična: promjena oblika je nepovratna jer je deformacija premašila granice elastičnosti materijala (a daljnje deformiranje može uzrokovati kidanje tijela).</li></ul></dd> <dd>Detaljnijim proučavanjem deformacija bave se različite discipline kao što su <a href="/wiki/Nauka_o_%C4%8Dvrsto%C4%87i" title="Nauka o čvrstoći">nauka o čvrstoći</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorija_elasti%C4%8Dnosti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorija elastičnosti (stranica ne postoji)">teorija elastičnosti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mehanika_kontakta" title="Mehanika kontakta">mehanika kontakta</a> itd. Deformacije najčešće izazivaju sile koje djeluju na mjestu dodira dvaju tijela (<b>kontaktne sile</b>). Ako dodir zahvaća značajan dio površine tijela, za kontaktne sile se koristi i naziv <b>površinske sile</b> i često se opisuju pomoću <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaka</a> (prosječni tlak je omjer površinske sile pritiska i površine na koju ona djeluje).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Ovdje se dalje ne promatraju deformacije tijela, već samo oni aspekti djelovanja sile koji se odnose na promjenu gibanja tijela. Nijh je najjednostavnije opisati ako se pretpostavlja da sile djeluju na kruto tijelo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Djelovanje_sile_na_kruto_tijelo">Djelovanje sile na kruto tijelo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Djelovanje sile na kruto tijelo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Djelovanje sile na kruto tijelo"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Budući da nema deformacija, učinak sile na slobodno kruto tijelo svodi se na ubrzanje njegova centra masa te na eventualno kutno ubrzanje tijela. Ako na tijelo djeluje više sila, njih je dovoljno samo vektorski zbrojiti da bi se ubrzanje centra masa izračunalo pomoću ukupne sile. No, za kutno ubrzanje treba izračunati i <a href="/wiki/Moment" class="mw-redirect" title="Moment">momente</a> tih sila (vidi u daljnjem tekstu).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ako tijelo nije slobodno, kaže se da je vezano. To znači da je u kontaktu s nepomičnom okolinom, koji može biti ostvaren na više različitih načina: npr. oslanja se na podlogu (u koju ne može prodirati nego samo klizati po njoj), ili je postavljeno na čvrstu osovinu (koju ne može pomaknuti nego samo rotirati oko nje) itd. Vanjskim silama koje pokušavaju ubrzati tijelo (u ovom kontekstu kaže se da su to <b>aktivne sile</b>) suprotstavljaju se <b>reakcije veza</b> koje ograničavaju ili sprečavaju učinak aktivnih sila. Da bi se odredila promjena gibanja tijela, treba ravnopravno zbrojiti aktivne i reaktivne sile i njihove momente. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Model_koncentrirane_(točkaste)_sile"><span id="Model_koncentrirane_.28to.C4.8Dkaste.29_sile"></span>Model koncentrirane (točkaste) sile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Model koncentrirane (točkaste) sile" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Model koncentrirane (točkaste) sile"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sila koja djeluje na česticu, djeluje u jednoj točki (jer je volumen čestice zanemariv), te se može smatrati da je to koncentrirana sila. Vanjska sila koja djeluje na tijelo može zahvatiti manji ili veći broj njegovih čestica, pa je "razmazana" po nekom volumenu ili površini. No, za opis rotacijskog učinka sile potrebno je znati "u kojoj točki sila djeluje". Problem se tipično rješava na jedan od sljedeća dva načina: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><ul><li>Često je područje koje sila zahvaća razmjerno malo u odnosu na ukupne dimenzije tijela, pa ga možemo dovoljno dobro opisati kao jednu točku. Nije teško ustanoviti da li je pogreška koja nastaje takvom aproksimacijom prihvatljiva.</li> <li>Ako je takva aproksimacija neprihvatljiva (npr. očito je besmislena za težinu koja djeluje po ukupnom volumenu tijela), treba "razmazanu" silu promatrati kao skup sila od kojih svaka djeluje na pojedinu česticu tijela, te provesti račun za svaku od njih. U praktičnom se računu, umjesto na ogroman broj diskretnih čestica, tijelo dijeli na diferencijalne elemente volumena (ili se njegova ploha dijeli na diferencijalne elemente površine, kod kontaktnih sila) da bi se iskoristile prednosti diferencijalnog računa. A nerijetko se može pokazati da je taj skup sila lako zamijeniti (po učinku na kruto tijelo) samo jednom koncentriranom silom i bez stvarnog računa (kao što je slučaj upravo kod težine).</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>U svakom slučaju, analiza gibanja krutog tijela uvijek može poći od modela koncentriranih sila, od kojih svaka na tijelo djeluje samo u jednoj točki. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hvatište_sile"><span id="Hvati.C5.A1te_sile"></span>Hvatište sile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Hvatište sile" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Hvatište sile"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hvatište sile je točka u kojoj sila djeluje na tijelo (zahvaća tijelo). Ta definicija podrazumijeva da se radi o koncentriranoj sili. Kad se djelovanje sile na tijelo grafički prikazuje pomoću usmjerene dužine, početak dužine (ili njezin kraj, tj. strelica) postavlja se u hvatište. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sila_kao_klizni_vektor">Sila kao klizni vektor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Sila kao klizni vektor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Sila kao klizni vektor"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Free_body_acceleration.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Free_body_acceleration.JPG/300px-Free_body_acceleration.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Free_body_acceleration.JPG/450px-Free_body_acceleration.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Free_body_acceleration.JPG 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Kako sila ubrzava slobodno tijelo</figcaption></figure> <p>Polazeći od opisanih aproksimacija, skica desno ilustrira djelovanje sile na slobodno kruto tijelo. Sila <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/02da86fc900a1585e3a01a08d897a7f8a715e064" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.309ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}"></span> je jedina sila koja djeluje na tijelo, i zahvaća ga u točki <b>H</b> (hvatište sile). Tijelo ima masu <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle m}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle m}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/75531a6c4ab78e739e0a12f2eb273b1b8c5f7ea4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.443ex; height:1.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle m}"></span>, a njegov centar masa je u točki <b>C</b>. Sila uzrokuje promjenu gibanja tijela koja je (uz pretpostavku konstantne mase tijela) opisana izrazima: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}={{\vec {F}} \over m}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}={{\vec {F}} \over m}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/888d7980fa14e8cb5fc76a66cabf1f64fc713797" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:7.205ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {a}}={{\vec {F}} \over m}}"></span>   je ubrzanje centra masa;      <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\alpha }}={{\vec {M}} \over I}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>I</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\alpha }}={{\vec {M}} \over I}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f03593d2a5800aedaf93b934015a6063358dc317" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:7.864ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\alpha }}={{\vec {M}} \over I}}"></span>   je kutno ubrzanje tijela.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>U drugoj formuli <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {M}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {M}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fff31d5cede70a02a73d42ea0c1eb89f8b830d41" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.727ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {M}}}"></span> je moment sile, dok je <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle I}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mi>I</mi> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle I}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7784992569d3b9f73a37d4cff1f18443d0583397" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.829ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle I}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Moment_inercije" title="Moment inercije">moment inercije</a> tijela. Moment sile u ovom slučaju treba računati u odnosu na centar masa tijela: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {M}}={\vec {r}}\times {\vec {F}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {M}}={\vec {r}}\times {\vec {F}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65233f004eda3cef9d71f622ee53c229fc8f4363" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:11.375ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {M}}={\vec {r}}\times {\vec {F}}}"></span>   je vektor momenta sile;      <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ M=Fk}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>M</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mi>k</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ M=Fk}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f304eb36fb33ebaaa56cf0bcd00fa1bf11e0ff0f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:9.073ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ M=Fk}"></span>   je iznos momenta sile.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Kako se vidi sa skice, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {r}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {r}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c73fd426c5d2981b076af12af7502667c51fb6d7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.903ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {r}}}"></span> je vektor položaja hvatišta sile u odnosu na centar masa, dok je <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle k}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mi>k</mi> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle k}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/91e314803ed6b70d9a1d2508da8b1506e9a2ba44" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.856ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle k}"></span> udaljenost centra masa od pravca duž kojega djeluje sila <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/02da86fc900a1585e3a01a08d897a7f8a715e064" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.309ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}}"></span> (i zove se "krak sile"). Odatle se vidi da bi sila imala isti moment (pa bi tijelu davala isto kutno ubrzanje) i kad bi joj se hvatište nalazilo bilo gdje drugdje na tome pravcu (jer to ne utječe na iznos kraka sile). Zato se ponekad kaže da je sila <b>klizni vektor</b>: njezin učinak na kruto tijelo ne mijenja se ako joj se hvatište pomiče (kliže) duž pravca sile. </p><p>Vektor momenta sile okomit je na ravninu koju određuju sila i krak; na prikazanoj skici okomit je na ravninu crteža i usmjeren prema nama; vektor kutnog ubrzanja ima isti smjer. U ravnini skice ubrzanje je naznačeno kružnom strelicom, suprotnog simisla od kazaljke na satu; vezu između smjera vektorske veličine i ravninskog zakretanja daje <a href="/wiki/Pravilo_desne_ruke" title="Pravilo desne ruke">pravilo desne ruke</a>. </p><p>Moment inercije <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle I}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mi>I</mi> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle I}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7784992569d3b9f73a37d4cff1f18443d0583397" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.829ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle I}"></span> računa se oko osi kroz centar masa koja je paralelna s momentom sile (ovdje je okomita na ravninu skice). Ako skica prikazuje homogenu kružnu ploču, lako se pokaže da je taj moment inercije <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle I=mr^{2}/2}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mi>I</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle I=mr^{2}/2}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2c47f10063353eb43eeae845ac09b0370b6edfc3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.767ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle I=mr^{2}/2}"></span>. Ako ploča ima masu od 0,5 kg, te radijus od 0,8 m, moment inercije je 0,16 kgm<sup>2</sup>. Ako sila iznosi 2 N, a krak sile 0,6 m, moment sile iznosi 1,2 Nm. U trenutku prikazanom na skici, ta sila daje ploči kutno ubrzanje α = M/I = 7,5 rad/s<sup>2</sup>, a njezinom centru masa translacijsko ubrzanje a = F/m = 4 m/s<sup>2</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rezultanta">Rezultanta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Rezultanta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Rezultanta"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Rezultanta" title="Rezultanta">Rezultanta</a></div></i></div> <p>Rezultanta (ili rezultantna sila) dviju ili više sila (ako postoji) je sila koja u cijelosti može zamijeniti njihov učinak na gibanje krutog tijela.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Rezultanta ne može zamijeniti sile u pogledu deformacija.) Rezultanta nekog skupa sila određuje se u dva koraka: </p> <ol><li>Najprije se vektorskim zbrajanjem promatranih sila dobiva "zbroj sila" ili "ukupna sila", koja će uzrokovati isto ubrzanje centra masa tijela kao i sve promatrane sile zajedno. To je uvijek moguće (uključujući i slučaj da je iznos ukupne sile jednak nuli).</li> <li>Potom treba odrediti hvatište rezultante tako da ona tijelu daje isto kutno ubrzanje kao i sve te sile zajedno, što znači da moment rezultante mora biti jednak zbroju njihovih momenata:</li></ol> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}\times {\vec {F}}_{R}=\sum _{i=1}^{N}({\vec {r}}_{i}\times {\vec {F}}_{i})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}\times {\vec {F}}_{R}=\sum _{i=1}^{N}({\vec {r}}_{i}\times {\vec {F}}_{i})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/802d9b7e9d4f35302d64de5a5a9307c7e38e644c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:23.01ex; height:7.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}\times {\vec {F}}_{R}=\sum _{i=1}^{N}({\vec {r}}_{i}\times {\vec {F}}_{i})}"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>gdje je <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{R}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{R}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0341c58d1e24fa3a67cb373570768cbdef382bb4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.486ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{R}}"></span> zbroj sila (iz prvog koraka), koji će se zvati rezultantom tek kada se odredi njezino hvatište, opisano vektorom položaja <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {r}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {r}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c73fd426c5d2981b076af12af7502667c51fb6d7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.903ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {r}}}"></span> ; pojedina sila označena je sa <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/48f1f7df9cb86888e834eff58e0f032223ecc975" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.934ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {F}}_{i}}"></span> a vektor položaja njezinog hvatišta sa <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {r}}_{i}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {r}}_{i}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/24eeebe5b5cb373b40cca3417924724939be7348" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.528ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\vec {r}}_{i}}"></span>. Svi momenti se računaju u odnosu na istu točku, a ona se može proizvoljno odabrati.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Određivanje položaja hvatišta rezultante neće dati jednoznačan rezultat, jer je sila klizni vektor. Računski je najjednostavnije odrediti vektor položaja hvatišta koji je okomit na silu, tj. podudara se s krakom sile. Grafičko određivanje rezultante u tipičnim jednostavnim slučajevima prikazano je na skici dolje. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Rezultanta.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Rezultanta.JPG/560px-Rezultanta.JPG" decoding="async" width="560" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Rezultanta.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Grafičko određivanje rezultante</figcaption></figure> <p>Lijevi dio skice prikazuje dvije sile čiji se pravci sijeku (kaže se: konkurentne sile). Njihov zbroj (dobiven nadovezivanjem, tanka isprekidana usmjerena dužina) postaje rezultanta kad se postavi na pravac koji prolazi sjecištem njihovih pravaca. Obrazloženje je očigledno: u odnosu na zajedničko sjecište, moment svake sile iznosi nula, pa je moment rezultante trivijalno jednak zbroju momenata. </p><p>Srednji dio skice prikazuje dvije paralelne sile i njihovu rezultantu. Položaj pravca rezultante određen je tzv. metodom verižnog poligona. (Sile se zbroje nadovezivanjem; iz proizvoljne točke povuku se linije do "početka" i "kraja" svake sile u tome zbroju; svaka sila, uključujući i rezultantu, time je rastavljena na po dvije komponente duž konkurentnih linija; te komponente treba redom paralelno premjestiti tako da se na pravcu svake sile sijeku one njezine dvije, a počinje se iz proizvoljne točke na pravcu "prve" sile; pravac rezultante prolazi kroz sjecište prve i zadnje komponente.) </p><p>Desni dio skice prikazuje dvije sile koje nemaju rezultante, a kaže se da čine spreg sila. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spreg_sila">Spreg sila</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Spreg sila" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Spreg sila"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Spreg_sila" title="Spreg sila">Spreg sila</a> (ili par sila) čine dvije sile jednakog iznosa a suprotnog smjera koje ne leže na istom pravcu. Njihov vektorski zbroj iznosi nula, ali ne i zbroj njihovih momenata. Zato se ne može reći da je njihova rezultanta nula, jer rezultanta treba opisivati ukupni učinak sila na kruto tijelo. Moment sprega sila iznosi </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ M=F\cdot d}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>M</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ M=F\cdot d}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7faf871e88b2d6b79f48976ff6046b47afa82b5a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:10.757ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ M=F\cdot d}"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>gdje je <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e85ff03cbe0c7341af6b982e47e9f90d235c66ab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.216ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d}"></span> udaljenost između njihovih pravaca. Za razliku od momenta pojedine sile, moment sprega ne ovisi o točki u odnosu na koju se računa. Zato se ponekad kaže da je to "čisti moment". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vrste_sila">Vrste sila</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Vrste sila" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vrste sila"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U pojedinim područjima primjene ponekad se koriste podjele sila na različite vrste koje često nemaju "dubljeg" fizikalnog značenja, ali su prikladne u promatranom kontekstu. Većina naziva za sile istaknutih masnim slovima u prethodnom tekstu spada u takve kontekstualne podjele. Primjerice, razvrstavanje sila na aktivne i reaktivne ima smisla kada je sloboda gibanja tijela ograničena vezama s nepomičnom okolinom (koja na "aktivne" sile uzvraća "silama reakcije"), ali bi bila posve besmislena u kontekstu sudara dvaju slobodnih tijela (jer tu nema kriterija po kojemu bi jedno tijelo bilo "aktivno" a drugo "reaktivno"). </p><p>Na sličan način treba razumjeti i podjelu na <b>tangencijalne sile</b> i <b>normalne sile</b>. Ona nije usmjerena na fizikalnu prirodu sila, nego na njihov učinak na gibanje. Pridjev "tangencijalna" samo označava da pravac sile (ili njezine komponente) leži na tangenti na putanju, te zato sila izaziva promjenu iznosa brzine. Pravac "normalne" sile okomit je na putanju (ili smjer mogućeg gibanja), pa može utjecati samo na promjenu smjera brzine. Kod gibanja po kružnici, za normalnu silu koristi se naziv <a href="/wiki/Centripetalna_sila" title="Centripetalna sila">centripetalna sila</a>, zato što je usmjerena prema središtu kružnice. </p><p>Posebnu klasu, međutim, čine <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inercijalne_sile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inercijalne sile (stranica ne postoji)">inercijalne sile</a>. One ne postoje u referentim sustavima koji su definirani prvim Newtonovim zakonom gibanja (ti se sustavi odlikuju svojstvom da u njima zakoni mehanike imaju najjednostavniji oblik, a nazivaju se inercijalnim ili neubrzanim sustavima). Zbog toga se inercijalne sile još nazivaju i lažnim silama ili pseudosilama. No, u ubrzanim sustavima opažaju se te dodatne sile, koje zahvaćju tijelo slično kao i gravitacijska sila (proporcionalno masi tijela): u vozilu koje koči inercijalna sila vuče tijelo naprijed, u rotirajućem sustavu <a href="/wiki/Centrifugalna_sila" title="Centrifugalna sila">centrifugalna sila</a> je inercijalna sila koja vuče tijelo dalje od osi rotacije itd. </p><p>Prema dosadašnjim opažanjima, sve "stvarne" sile (dakle, bez inercijalnih) mogu se u detaljnoj fizikalnoj analizi reducirati na samo četiri vrste, koje se nazivaju fundamentalnim interakcijama.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fundamentalne_interakcije">Fundamentalne interakcije</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Fundamentalne interakcije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Fundamentalne interakcije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalne_interakcije" title="Fundamentalne interakcije">Fundamentalne interakcije</a></div></i></div> <p>Četiri vrste fundamentalnih interakcija su:<br /> 1. Gravitacijska sila,<br /> 2. Elektromagnetska sila,<br /> 3. Slaba nuklearna sila, te<br /> 4. Jaka nuklearna sila. </p><p>Prve dvije su odavno poznate i lako se opažaju i na velikim udaljenostima. Druge dvije se opažaju samo na malim udaljenostima, otprilike u razmjerima atomske jezgre, otkrivene su tek u prošlom stoljeću (i dobile su prilično nemaštovita imena). Jaka nuklearna sila snažno djeluje među kvarkovima – česticama od kakvih su građeni protoni i neutroni – pa dakle i među protonima i neutronima. Slaba djeluje među kvarkovima i leptonima (od kojih je opće poznat samo elektron) pa se opaža npr. kod beta radioaktivnog raspada. Uočite da su do prije par stoljeća električna i magnetska sila promatrane kao posve nezavisne sile. Tek su u 19. stoljeću do kraja opisane veze među njima, i postalo je jasno da se radi o različitim manifestacijama jedne te iste sile. Na sličan način (iako malo kompliciraniji), povezane su sredinom 20. stoljeća elektromagnetska i slaba nuklearna sila, te je uveden i zajednički naziv elektroslaba sila. Od tada se, dakako, istražuje mogućnost da su sve četiri gore navedene sile zapravo samo različite manifestacije jedne univerzalne kozmičke sile. Danas je općenito prihvaćena teorija da zadnje tri s popisa (sve osim gravitacije) doista imaju zajedničko ishodište. One se manifestiraju kao jedinstvena sila, ali samo pri mnogo većim gustoćama energije nego što ih danas nalazimo u prirodnom okolišu. Gravitacijska se sila od ostalih izdvaja svojom specifičnom prirodom koju je otkrila opća teorija relativnosti. Zbog toga su malo vjerojatni izgledi da bi se s njima mogla "ujediniti", iako ima i takvih teorijskih pokušaja. </p><p>Dakako, ne može se isključiti mogućnost postojanja i drugih vrsta sila koje ljudi još nisu opazili, i pored visokog stupnja suglasnosti oko fizikalnih modela koji se oslanjaju na četiri navedene interakcije. Neke alternativne ili hipotetičke opcije pod nazivom <b>peta sila</b> spominju se u posljednje vrijeme u različitim kontekstima, npr. tumačenja tamne energije, ili istraživanja sudara ubrzanih čestica.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povezani_članci"><span id="Povezani_.C4.8Dlanci"></span>Povezani članci</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Povezani članci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezani članci"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impuls_sile" title="Impuls sile">Impuls sile</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sila&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>sila</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=55937">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael J. Crowe, A History of Vector Analysis: The Evolution of the Idea of a Vectorial System, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana (1967)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Krešimir T. Herman, Teorija elastičnosti i plastičnosti, Element, Zagreb (2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Davorin Bazjanac, Tehnička mehanika III dio: Dinamika, Fakultet strojarstva i brodogradnje, Zagreb (1974)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ivo Alfirević, Uvod u mehaniku I - Statika krutih tijela, Golden marketing - Tehnička knjiga, Zagreb (2010)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Young H. D., Freedman R. A., Sears and Zemansky University Physics, Addison-Wesley, San Francisco (2004)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fermilab Today, 12. 05. 2011.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sila&oldid=6980097">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sila&oldid=6980097</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Vektorske_fizikalne_veli%C4%8Dine" title="Kategorija:Vektorske fizikalne veličine">Vektorske fizikalne veličine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Klasi%C4%8Dna_mehanika" title="Kategorija:Klasična mehanika">Klasična mehanika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Sila" title="Kategorija:Sila">Sila</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 27. lipnja 2024. u 13:24.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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