CINXE.COM
<!doctype html> <html lang="zh" data-hairline="true" class="itcauecng" data-theme="light"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><title data-rh="true">库卡中国 - 知乎</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"/><meta name="renderer" content="webkit"/><meta name="force-rendering" content="webkit"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/><meta name="google-site-verification" content="FTeR0c8arOPKh8c5DYh_9uu98_zJbaWw53J-Sch9MTg"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" property="og:description" content=" 回答数 1，获得 64 次赞同"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/assets/apple-touch-icon-152.81060cab.png"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/assets/apple-touch-icon-152.81060cab.png" sizes="152x152"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/assets/apple-touch-icon-120.d5793cac.png" sizes="120x120"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/assets/apple-touch-icon-76.7abf3393.png" sizes="76x76"/><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/assets/apple-touch-icon-60.362a8eac.png" sizes="60x60"/><link data-rh="true" rel="prefetch" href="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-2208a00d873137b51bf4d8aff4a01906_r.jpg?source=32738c0c"/><link crossorigin="" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/favicon.ico"/><link crossorigin="" rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/search.xml" title="知乎"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//static.zhimg.com"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//pica.zhimg.com"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//picx.zhimg.com"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//pic1.zhimg.com"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//pic2.zhimg.com"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//pic3.zhimg.com"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//pic4.zhimg.com"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//static.zhihu.com"/><style data-emotion-css="9mvwt1">:root{--zhc-padding-horizontal:20px;--zhc-padding-vertical:16px;--zhc-notification-top:75px;--app-padding:16px;--app-header-height:52px;--app-max-width:640px;--app-width:1000px;--app-font-size:15px;}</style><script nonce="acfbde87-b29d-42bc-93da-ca7a1d7fe28d" data-web-reporter-config="{"platform":"web","project":"heifetz"}">!function(e,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?t(exports):"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(["exports"],t):t((e=e||self).webReporter={})}(this,function(e){"use strict";var t={},n=!1,o=function(){var e,o,r,a,i;return n||(e=document.querySelector("script[data-web-reporter-config]"),o=e&&e.dataset.webReporterConfig||"{}",r=JSON.parse(o),a=r.platform,i=r.project,t={platform:a,project:i},n=!0),t};function r(e){return a(function(){return localStorage.getItem(e)})()}function a(e){return function(){try{return e.apply(void 0,arguments)}catch(e){}}}var i=a(function(e,t){var n={platform:"web",project:o().project,clientTimestamp:+new Date};!function(e,t,n){"1"===r("weber:logenabled")&&console.log("[web-reporter]%o",{type:e,base:t,data:n})}(e,n,t),function(e,t){var n=btoa(JSON.stringify(t));if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&window.navigator&&window.navigator.sendBeacon){var o=new Blob([n],{type:"text/plain"});navigator.sendBeacon(e,o)}else{var r=new XMLHttpRequest;r.open("POST",e),r.withCredentials=!1,r.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","text/plain;charset=UTF-8"),r.send(n)}}(r("weber:api")||"https://apm.zhihu.com/collector/web_json",{type:e,base:n,data:t})});e.report=i,Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})}); </script><link href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/426.216a26f4.22d68b45ddd42a46a887.css" crossorigin="" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/main.216a26f4.8e215eacfa00a8ca5881.css" crossorigin="" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/9312.216a26f4.6c56554d429d3250ce4f.css" crossorigin="" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/413.216a26f4.dc00859e830fa0433e2a.css" crossorigin="" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/main-org-routes.216a26f4.9886bb77900d0a04f5c4.css" crossorigin="" rel="stylesheet"/><script nonce="acfbde87-b29d-42bc-93da-ca7a1d7fe28d">!function(){"use strict";!function(e,n){var r=[];function t(e){return function(){r.push([e,arguments])}}n.Raven={captureException:t("captureException"),captureMessage:t("captureMessage"),captureBreadcrumb:t("captureBreadcrumb")};var a,o,c,i,s,u="undefined"!=typeof DOMError;function d(e){var n=e instanceof Error||e instanceof ErrorEvent||u&&e instanceof DOMError||e instanceof DOMException;Raven.captureException(n?e:new Error(e.message||e.reason))}n.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",d),n.addEventListener("error",d,!0),a=e.src,o=e,c=function(){r.forEach(function(e){var n;(n=Raven)[e[0]].apply(n,e[1])}),n.removeEventListener("unhandledrejection",d),n.removeEventListener("error",d,!0)},i=document.head||document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],(s=document.createElement("script")).crossOrigin=o.crossOrigin,s.dataset.sentryConfig=o["data-sentry-config"],s.onload=c,s.src=a,i.appendChild(s)}({"defer":true,"crossOrigin":"anonymous","src":"https://unpkg.zhimg.com/@cfe/sentry-script@1.3.1/dist/init.js","data-sentry-config":"{\"dsn\":\"https://2d8d764432cc4f6fb3bc78ab9528299d@crash2.zhihu.com/1224\",\"sampleRate\":0.1,\"release\":\"1687-e83c105b\",\"ignoreErrorNames\":[\"NetworkError\",\"SecurityError\"],\"ignoreErrorsPreset\":\"ReactApp\",\"tags\":{\"app_name\":\"heifetz\"}}"},window)}(); </script></head><body><div id="root"><div><style data-emotion-css="55n9hh">.css-55n9hh{position:fixed;top:0;right:0;left:0;z-index:101;display:none;height:2px;pointer-events:none;background:#1772F6;-webkit-transform:translateX(-100%);-ms-transform:translateX(-100%);transform:translateX(-100%);}</style><div class="LoadingBar css-55n9hh"></div><div><style data-emotion-css="17rnw55">.css-17rnw55{background-color:#ffffff;-webkit-transition-property:background-color,box-shadow;transition-property:background-color,box-shadow;-webkit-transition-duration:0.25s;transition-duration:0.25s;-webkit-transition-timing-function:ease-in;transition-timing-function:ease-in;}</style><header role="banner" class="Sticky AppHeader css-17rnw55" data-za-module="TopNavBar"><style data-emotion-css="11p8nt5">.css-11p8nt5{width:auto;max-width:1156px;min-width:1000px;padding-left:16px;padding-right:55px;}.css-11p8nt5 .AppHeader-userInfo{margin-left:30px;width:auto;}.css-11p8nt5 .AppHeader-TabsLink.is-active,.css-11p8nt5 .AppHeader-TabsLink:hover{color:#191B1F;}</style><div class="AppHeader-inner css-11p8nt5"><a href="//www.zhihu.com" aria-label="知乎"><style data-emotion-css="1hlrcxk">.css-1hlrcxk{-webkit-transition-property:fill;transition-property:fill;-webkit-transition-duration:0.25s;transition-duration:0.25s;-webkit-transition-timing-function:ease-in;transition-timing-function:ease-in;}</style><svg viewBox="0 0 64 30" fill="#1772F6" width="64" height="30" class="css-1hlrcxk"><path d="M29.05 4.582H16.733V25.94h3.018l.403 2.572 4.081-2.572h4.815V4.582zm-5.207 18.69l-2.396 1.509-.235-1.508h-1.724V7.233h6.78v16.04h-2.425zM14.46 14.191H9.982c0-.471.033-.954.039-1.458v-5.5h5.106V5.935a1.352 1.352 0 0 0-.404-.957 1.378 1.378 0 0 0-.968-.396H5.783c.028-.088.056-.177.084-.255.274-.82 1.153-3.326 1.153-3.326a4.262 4.262 0 0 0-2.413.698c-.57.4-.912.682-1.371 1.946-.532 1.453-.997 2.856-1.31 3.693C1.444 8.674.28 11.025.28 11.025a5.85 5.85 0 0 0 2.52-.61c1.119-.593 1.679-1.502 2.054-2.883l.09-.3h2.334v5.5c0 .5-.045.982-.073 1.46h-4.12c-.71 0-1.39.278-1.893.775a2.638 2.638 0 0 0-.783 1.874h6.527a17.717 17.717 0 0 1-.778 3.649 16.796 16.796 0 0 1-3.012 5.273A33.104 33.104 0 0 1 0 28.74s3.13 1.175 5.425-.954c1.388-1.292 2.631-3.814 3.23-5.727a28.09 28.09 0 0 0 1.12-5.229h5.967v-1.37a1.254 1.254 0 0 0-.373-.899 1.279 1.279 0 0 0-.909-.37z"></path><path d="M11.27 19.675l-2.312 1.491 5.038 7.458a6.905 6.905 0 0 0 .672-2.218 3.15 3.15 0 0 0-.28-2.168l-3.118-4.563zM51.449 15.195V5.842c4.181-.205 7.988-.405 9.438-.483l.851-.05c.387-.399.885-2.395.689-3.021-.073-.25-.213-.666-.638-.555a33.279 33.279 0 0 1-4.277.727c-2.766.321-3.97.404-7.804.682-6.718.487-12.709.72-12.709.72a2.518 2.518 0 0 0 .788 1.834 2.567 2.567 0 0 0 1.883.706c2.278-.095 5.598-.25 8.996-.41v9.203h-12.78c0 .703.281 1.377.783 1.874a2.69 2.69 0 0 0 1.892.777h10.105v7.075c0 .887-.464 1.192-1.231 1.214h-3.92a4.15 4.15 0 0 0 .837 1.544 4.2 4.2 0 0 0 1.403 1.067 6.215 6.215 0 0 0 2.71.277c1.36-.066 2.967-.826 2.967-3.57v-7.607h11.28c.342 0 .67-.135.91-.374.242-.239.378-.563.378-.902v-1.375H51.449z"></path><path d="M42.614 8.873a2.304 2.304 0 0 0-1.508-.926 2.334 2.334 0 0 0-1.727.405l-.376.272 4.255 5.85 2.24-1.62-2.884-3.98zM57.35 8.68l-3.125 4.097 2.24 1.663 4.517-5.927-.375-.277a2.32 2.32 0 0 0-1.722-.452 2.327 2.327 0 0 0-1.536.896z"></path></svg></a><style data-emotion-css="g0ay3v">.css-g0ay3v{margin-left:25px;margin-right:15px;}.css-g0ay3v .AppHeader-Tab{padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;}.css-g0ay3v .Tabs-link.is-active::after{height:4px;}</style><ul role="tablist" class="Tabs AppHeader-Tabs css-g0ay3v"><li role="tab" class="Tabs-item AppHeader-Tab Tabs-item--noMeta"><style data-emotion-css="1fb8pjf">.css-1fb8pjf{color:undefined !important;-webkit-transition-property:color;transition-property:color;-webkit-transition-duration:0.25s;transition-duration:0.25s;-webkit-transition-timing-function:ease-in;transition-timing-function:ease-in;}.css-1fb8pjf.is-active,.css-1fb8pjf:hover{opacity:1;}.css-1fb8pjf.is-active::after{background-color:#1772F6 !important;}</style><a class="Tabs-link AppHeader-TabsLink css-1fb8pjf" tabindex="0" data-za-not-track-link="true" href="//www.zhihu.com/">首页</a></li><li role="tab" class="Tabs-item AppHeader-Tab Tabs-item--noMeta"><a class="Tabs-link AppHeader-TabsLink css-1fb8pjf" tabindex="0" data-za-not-track-link="true" href="//www.zhihu.com/education/learning">知乎知学堂</a></li><li role="tab" class="Tabs-item AppHeader-Tab Tabs-item--noMeta"><a class="Tabs-link AppHeader-TabsLink css-1fb8pjf" tabindex="0" data-za-not-track-link="true" href="//www.zhihu.com/question/waiting">等你来答</a></li><li role="tab" class="Tabs-item AppHeader-Tab Tabs-item--noMeta"><a class="Tabs-link AppHeader-TabsLink css-1fb8pjf" tabindex="0" data-za-not-track-link="true" href="//www.zhihu.com/zhida" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">知乎直答</a></li></ul><style data-emotion-css="1acwmmj">.css-1acwmmj{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}</style><div class="css-1acwmmj"><style data-emotion-css="10fy1q8">.css-10fy1q8{max-width:482px;}.css-10fy1q8 .SearchBar-input{border-radius:999px;padding-left:16px;}.css-10fy1q8 .SearchBar-askButton{border-radius:999px;width:70px;margin-left:12px;}.css-10fy1q8 .SearchBar-searchButton{border-bottom-right-radius:999px;border-top-right-radius:999px;}</style><div class="SearchBar css-10fy1q8" role="search" data-za-module="PresetWordItem"><form class="SearchBar-tool"><div><div class="Popover"><style data-emotion-css="11bw1mm">.css-11bw1mm{border-color:undefined !important;-webkit-transition-property:background-color,border,color;transition-property:background-color,border,color;-webkit-transition-duration:0.25s;transition-duration:0.25s;-webkit-transition-timing-function:ease-in;transition-timing-function:ease-in;}.css-11bw1mm{border-color:undefined !important;-webkit-transition-property:background-color,border,color;transition-property:background-color,border,color;-webkit-transition-duration:0.25s;transition-duration:0.25s;-webkit-transition-timing-function:ease-in;transition-timing-function:ease-in;}.css-11bw1mm{border-color:undefined !important;-webkit-transition-property:background-color,border,color;transition-property:background-color,border,color;-webkit-transition-duration:0.25s;transition-duration:0.25s;-webkit-transition-timing-function:ease-in;transition-timing-function:ease-in;}.css-11bw1mm{border-color:undefined !important;-webkit-transition-property:background-color,border,color;transition-property:background-color,border,color;-webkit-transition-duration:0.25s;transition-duration:0.25s;-webkit-transition-timing-function:ease-in;transition-timing-function:ease-in;}</style><label class="SearchBar-input css-11bw1mm Input-wrapper QZcfWkCJoarhIYxlM_sG Input-wrapper--grey evPjxqnqXpIBzSRrcIDv"><input type="text" maxLength="100" value="" autoComplete="off" role="combobox" aria-expanded="false" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-activedescendant="null--1" id="null-toggle" aria-haspopup="true" class="Input i7cW1UcwT6ThdhTakqFm" placeholder=""/><button aria-label="搜索" type="button" class="Button SearchBar-searchButton FEfUrdfMIKpQDJDqkjte Button--primary epMJl0lFQuYbC7jrwr_o"><style data-emotion-css="1dlt5yv">.css-1dlt5yv{-webkit-transition-property:color;transition-property:color;-webkit-transition-duration:0.25s;transition-duration:0.25s;-webkit-transition-timing-function:ease-in;transition-timing-function:ease-in;}.css-1dlt5yv:hover{opacity:1;}</style><span style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="ZDI ZDI--Search24 SearchBar-searchIcon css-1dlt5yv" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.8 2.425a9.075 9.075 0 1 0 5.62 16.201l2.783 2.783a.875.875 0 1 0 1.238-1.237l-2.758-2.758A9.075 9.075 0 0 0 11.8 2.425ZM4.475 11.5a7.325 7.325 0 1 1 14.65 0 7.325 7.325 0 0 1-14.65 0Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></button></label></div></div></form></div></div><div class="AppHeader-userInfo"><div><div class="Popover"><style data-emotion-css="d5yzzu">.css-d5yzzu{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-right:20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}</style><div id="null-toggle" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" type="button" class="Button FEfUrdfMIKpQDJDqkjte Button--plain Button--gray fEPKGkUK5jyc4fUuT0QP css-d5yzzu">切换模式</div></div></div><div class="AppHeader-profile"><div><style data-emotion-css="1ay9vb9">.css-1ay9vb9{margin-right:16px;}</style><style data-emotion-css="1rwz7is">.css-1rwz7is{display:inline-block;padding:0 16px;font-size:14px;line-height:32px;color:#ffffff;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;background:none;border:1px solid;border-radius:3px;background-color:#1772F6;border-color:#1772F6;margin-right:16px;}.css-1rwz7is::mozFocusInner{padding:0;border:0;}.css-1rwz7is:focus{outline:none;-webkit-transition:box-shadow 0.3s;transition:box-shadow 0.3s;}.css-1rwz7is:focus-visible{box-shadow:0 0 0 2px #ffffff,0 0 0 4px rgba(23,114,246,0.3);}.css-1rwz7is:disabled{cursor:default;opacity:0.5;}.css-1rwz7is:hover{border-color:#0a6af5;background-color:#0a6af5;}</style><button type="button" class="Button Button--primary Button--blue css-1rwz7is">登录/注册</button><style data-emotion-css="1fv1gmw">.css-1fv1gmw{position:fixed;bottom:50px;right:64px;width:336px;z-index:2;}</style></div></div></div></div><div></div></header></div><div><span style="position:absolute;top:-10000px;left:-10000px" role="log" aria-live="assertive"></span></div><main role="main" class="App-main"><div itemProp="org" itemType="http://schema.org/Organization" itemscope=""><meta itemProp="url" content="https://www.zhihu.com/org/ku-qia-zhong-guo"/><meta itemProp="gender" content="Male"/><meta itemProp="image" content="https://picx.zhimg.com/v2-16647d4508819df00ae550b7375df124_l.jpg?source=32738c0c&needBackground=1"/><meta itemProp="zhihu:voteupCount" content="64"/><meta itemProp="zhihu:thankedCount" content="116"/><meta itemProp="zhihu:followerCount" content="182"/><meta itemProp="zhihu:answerCount" content="1"/><meta itemProp="zhihu:articlesCount" content="86"/><div id="ProfileHeader" class="ProfileHeader ProfileHeader--org"><div class="Card"><div class="ProfileHeader-userCover"><div class="UserCover"><style data-emotion-css="1t23x0k">.css-1t23x0k{object-fit:cover;background-color:#f8f8fa;}</style><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'></svg>" alt="用户封面" class="UserCover-image css-1t23x0k"/><style data-emotion-css="13tnlfq">.css-13tnlfq{position:absolute;bottom:15px;right:30px;}</style><div class="css-13tnlfq"><style data-emotion-css="1xfvezd">.css-1xfvezd{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(4px);backdrop-filter:blur(4px);border-radius:4px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.12);color:rgba(255,255,255,0.8);-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-size:14px;padding:3px 4px 2px 3px;}</style><span class="css-1xfvezd"><style data-emotion-css="1qkvt8e">.css-1qkvt8e{margin-right:2px;}</style><svg width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="ZDI ZDI--LocationFill24 css-1qkvt8e" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.311 4.888a8.046 8.046 0 0 1 13.735 5.69c0 1.682-.615 3.4-1.448 4.968-.836 1.575-1.924 3.055-2.939 4.276-1.933 2.326-5.385 2.326-7.318 0-1.015-1.22-2.102-2.7-2.939-4.276-.832-1.567-1.447-3.286-1.447-4.969 0-2.134.847-4.18 2.356-5.689ZM12 13.5a3 3 0 1 0 0-6 3 3 0 0 0 0 6Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg>IP 属地上海</span></div></div></div><div class="ProfileHeader-wrapper"><div class="ProfileHeader-main"><div class="UserAvatar ProfileHeader-avatar" style="top:-77px"><img class="Avatar Avatar--large UserAvatar-inner" width="160" height="160" src="https://picx.zhimg.com/v2-16647d4508819df00ae550b7375df124_xl.jpg?source=32738c0c&needBackground=1" srcSet="https://picx.zhimg.com/v2-16647d4508819df00ae550b7375df124_xll.jpg?source=32738c0c&needBackground=1 2x" alt=""/></div><div class="ProfileHeader-content"><div class="ProfileHeader-contentHead"><h1 class="ProfileHeader-title"><span class="ProfileHeader-name">库卡中国</span><style data-emotion-css="mmo7qr">.css-mmo7qr{margin-left:8px;}.css-mmo7qr svg{width:30px;height:30px;}</style><a class="ProfileHeader-badge css-mmo7qr" href="/question/48510028/answer/111228381" target="_blank" data-tooltip="已认证账号" aria-label="已认证账号"><style data-emotion-css="1ldqog6">.css-1ldqog6{-webkit-transform:scale(1.1);-ms-transform:scale(1.1);transform:scale(1.1);}</style><span style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center"><svg width="18" height="18" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="ZDI ZDI--BadgeCertNewStrokeLightFill24 css-1ldqog6"><path fill="#fff" d="M12 2c-2.02.05-1.86 1.2-3.38 1.83-1.48.61-2.33-.26-3.69 1.1-1.39 1.47-.46 2.17-1.1 3.69C3.2 10.14 2.05 9.98 2 12c.05 2.02 1.2 1.86 1.83 3.38.63 1.52-.3 2.22 1.1 3.69 1.36 1.35 2.21.49 3.69 1.1 1.52.63 1.36 1.78 3.38 1.83 2.02-.05 1.86-1.2 3.38-1.83 1.48-.61 2.33.26 3.69-1.1 1.39-1.47.46-2.16 1.1-3.69.63-1.52 1.78-1.36 1.83-3.38-.05-2.02-1.2-1.86-1.83-3.38-.63-1.52.3-2.22-1.1-3.69-1.36-1.35-2.21-.49-3.69-1.1C13.86 3.2 14.02 2.05 12 2Z" style="fill:#fff;fill-opacity:1"></path><path fill="url(#id-106203557-a)" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3 12c0 1.449 1.035 1.251 1.755 2.997s-.144 2.34.882 3.366c1.026 1.026 1.62.153 3.366.882C10.749 19.965 10.551 21 12 21c1.449 0 1.251-1.035 2.997-1.755s2.34.144 3.366-.882c1.026-1.026.153-1.62.882-3.366C19.965 13.251 21 13.44 21 12c0-1.449-1.035-1.251-1.755-2.997s.144-2.34-.882-3.366c-1.026-1.026-1.62-.153-3.366-.882C13.251 4.035 13.449 3 12 3c-1.449 0-1.251 1.035-2.997 1.755s-2.34-.144-3.366.882c-1.026 1.026-.153 1.62-.882 3.366C4.035 10.749 3 10.551 3 12Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path><path fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m10.003 15.355-2.37-2.699s-.413-.634.217-1.226c.63-.591 1.195-.197 1.195-.197l1.758 1.92 4.226-4.439s.597-.313 1.17.178c.572.49.243 1.244.243 1.244s-3.12 3.472-4.839 5.204c-.881.837-1.6.015-1.6.015Z" clip-rule="evenodd" style="fill:#fff;fill-opacity:1"></path><defs><linearGradient id="id-106203557-a" x1="5.7" x2="15.6" y1="5.7" y2="19.2" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><stop stop-color="#47D3FF" style="stop-color:#47d3ff;stop-opacity:1"></stop><stop offset="1" stop-color="#4A7DFF" style="stop-color:stop-opacity:1"></stop></linearGradient></defs></svg></span></a></h1></div><div style="overflow:hidden;transition:height 300ms ease-out" class="ProfileHeader-contentBody"><div><div class="ztext ProfileHeader-info"></div></div></div><div class="ProfileHeader-contentFooter"><button type="button" class="Button ProfileHeader-expandButton FEfUrdfMIKpQDJDqkjte Button--plain fEPKGkUK5jyc4fUuT0QP"><div class="ProfileHeader-iconWrapper"><span style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center"><svg width="1.2em" height="1.2em" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="ZDI ZDI--ArrowDownSmall24" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M17.776 10.517a.875.875 0 0 1-.248 1.212l-5.05 3.335a.875.875 0 0 1-.964 0L6.47 11.73a.875.875 0 1 1 .965-1.46l4.56 3.015 4.568-3.016a.875.875 0 0 1 1.212.248Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></div>查看详细资料</button><div class="MemberButtonGroup ProfileButtonGroup ProfileHeader-buttons"><button type="button" class="Button FollowButton FEfUrdfMIKpQDJDqkjte Button--primary Button--blue epMJl0lFQuYbC7jrwr_o JmYzaky7MEPMFcJDLNMG"><span style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center"><svg width="1.2em" height="1.2em" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="Zi Zi--Plus FollowButton-icon" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.25 3.25a1.25 1.25 0 1 0-2.5 0v7.5h-7.5a1.25 1.25 0 1 0 0 2.5h7.5v7.5a1.25 1.25 0 1 0 2.5 0v-7.5h7.5a1.25 1.25 0 0 0 0-2.5h-7.5v-7.5Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span>关注</button><button type="button" class="Button FEfUrdfMIKpQDJDqkjte Button--grey Button--withIcon Button--withLabel ZdfrHW7Ef5ZjwFiiBJuS B46v1Ak6Gj5sL2JTS4PY RuuQ6TOh2cRzJr6WlyQp"><span style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center"><svg width="1.2em" height="1.2em" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="Zi Zi--Comments Button-zi t2ntD6J1DemdOdvh5FB4" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 11c0 1.79.553 3.45 1.498 4.82L2.6 18.667a.6.6 0 0 0 .751.753l3.07-.96A8.5 8.5 0 1 0 2 11Zm11.46 9.414c-.457.16-.506.794-.034.904A6.96 6.96 0 0 0 15 21.5c1.148 0 2.422-.31 3.444-.912.357-.217.658-.378 1.043-.252l1.414.42c.357.112.679-.168.574-.546l-.47-1.57a.736.736 0 0 1 .05-.632c.602-1.108.945-2.32.945-3.498 0-1.07-.248-2.11-.7-3.046-.21-.435-.815-.25-.872.23-.47 3.954-3.211 7.394-6.968 8.72Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span>发私信</button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Profile-main"><div class="Profile-mainColumn"><div class="Card ProfileMain" id="ProfileMain"><div class="ProfileMain-header"><ul role="tablist" class="Tabs ProfileMain-tabs withSearchIcon"><li role="tab" class="Tabs-item Tabs-item--noMeta" aria-controls="Profile-activities"><a class="Tabs-link" href="/org/ku-qia-zhong-guo">动态</a></li><li role="tab" class="Tabs-item" aria-controls="Profile-answers"><a class="Tabs-link" href="/org/ku-qia-zhong-guo/answers">回答<span class="Tabs-meta">1</span></a></li><li role="tab" class="Tabs-item" aria-controls="Profile-zvideos"><a class="Tabs-link" href="/org/ku-qia-zhong-guo/zvideos">视频<span class="Tabs-meta">32</span></a></li><li role="tab" class="Tabs-item" aria-controls="Profile-asks"><a class="Tabs-link is-active" href="/org/ku-qia-zhong-guo/asks">提问<span class="Tabs-meta">0</span></a></li><li role="tab" class="Tabs-item" aria-controls="Profile-posts"><a class="Tabs-link" href="/org/ku-qia-zhong-guo/posts">文章<span class="Tabs-meta">86</span></a></li><li role="tab" class="Tabs-item" aria-controls="Profile-columns"><a class="Tabs-link" href="/org/ku-qia-zhong-guo/columns">专栏<span class="Tabs-meta">1</span></a></li><li role="tab" class="Tabs-item" aria-controls="Profile-pins"><a meta="0" class="Tabs-link" href="/org/ku-qia-zhong-guo/pins">想法<span class="Tabs-meta">0</span></a></li><li role="tab" class="Tabs-item" aria-controls="Profile-favlists"><a meta="0" class="Tabs-link" href="/org/ku-qia-zhong-guo/collections">收藏<span class="Tabs-meta">0</span></a></li><li role="tab" class="Tabs-item Tabs-item--noMeta" aria-controls="Profile-following"><a class="Tabs-link" href="/org/ku-qia-zhong-guo/following">关注订阅</a></li></ul><style data-emotion-css="1usgnyf">.css-1usgnyf{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;background-image:linear-gradient(to left,#ffffff 0px,#ffffff 56px,rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%);}</style><style data-emotion-css="3f82om">.css-3f82om{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;width:74px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;background-image:linear-gradient(to left,#ffffff 0px,#ffffff 56px,rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%);}</style><div class="css-3f82om"><style data-emotion-css="1q1t0h4">.css-1q1t0h4{display:block;cursor:pointer;}</style><style data-emotion-css="zduc1z">.css-zduc1z{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;width:56px;height:49px;margin-left:18px;background-color:#ffffff;display:block;cursor:pointer;}</style><button class="css-zduc1z"><span style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="ZDI ZDI--Search24" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.8 2.425a9.075 9.075 0 1 0 5.62 16.201l2.783 2.783a.875.875 0 1 0 1.238-1.237l-2.758-2.758A9.075 9.075 0 0 0 11.8 2.425ZM4.475 11.5a7.325 7.325 0 1 1 14.65 0 7.325 7.325 0 0 1-14.65 0Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></button></div></div><style data-emotion-css="1oxku7z">html{-webkit-scroll-padding-top:calc(52px + 2em);-moz-scroll-padding-top:calc(52px + 2em);-ms-scroll-padding-top:calc(52px + 2em);scroll-padding-top:calc(52px + 2em);-webkit-scroll-padding-bottom:56px;-moz-scroll-padding-bottom:56px;-ms-scroll-padding-bottom:56px;scroll-padding-bottom:56px;}</style><style data-emotion-css="1uovyp5">.css-1uovyp5{position:relative;top:-53px;}</style><div class="css-1uovyp5"></div><style data-emotion-css="1rpg5c6">.css-1rpg5c6{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:52px;}</style><div class="css-1rpg5c6"><style data-emotion-css="moxmo5">.css-moxmo5{position:absolute;height:1px;bottom:-2px;}</style><div class="css-moxmo5"></div></div><div class="ListShortcut"><div class="List" id="Profile-asks"><div class="List-header"><h4 class="List-headerText"><div class="SubTabs"><a class="SubTabs-item is-active" href="/org/ku-qia-zhong-guo/asks">他的提问</a></div></h4><div class="List-headerOptions"></div></div><div></div></div></div></div></div><style data-emotion-css="1qyytj7">.css-1qyytj7{max-width:296px;-webkit-align-self:normal;-ms-flex-item-align:normal;align-self:normal;}</style><div class="Profile-sideColumn css-1qyytj7" data-za-module="RightSideBar"><style data-emotion-css="cejtq2">.css-cejtq2{display:block;position:relative;top:-50px;width:0;height:0;}</style><a aria-label="边栏锚点" aria-keyshortcuts="Shift+S" class="css-cejtq2"></a><div></div><div style="position:sticky;top:62px"><div class="Card"><div class="Card-header"><div class="Card-headerText">认证与成就</div></div><style data-emotion-css="122fspz">.css-122fspz{padding:12px 0;}</style><div class="css-122fspz"><style data-emotion-css="1jf3292">.css-1jf3292{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;padding:6px 20px;}</style><div class="css-1jf3292"><style data-emotion-css="zkfaav">.css-zkfaav{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}</style><div class="css-zkfaav"><span style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center"><svg width="18" height="18" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="ZDI ZDI--BadgeCertNewStrokeLightFill24 css-1ldqog6"><path fill="#fff" d="M12 2c-2.02.05-1.86 1.2-3.38 1.83-1.48.61-2.33-.26-3.69 1.1-1.39 1.47-.46 2.17-1.1 3.69C3.2 10.14 2.05 9.98 2 12c.05 2.02 1.2 1.86 1.83 3.38.63 1.52-.3 2.22 1.1 3.69 1.36 1.35 2.21.49 3.69 1.1 1.52.63 1.36 1.78 3.38 1.83 2.02-.05 1.86-1.2 3.38-1.83 1.48-.61 2.33.26 3.69-1.1 1.39-1.47.46-2.16 1.1-3.69.63-1.52 1.78-1.36 1.83-3.38-.05-2.02-1.2-1.86-1.83-3.38-.63-1.52.3-2.22-1.1-3.69-1.36-1.35-2.21-.49-3.69-1.1C13.86 3.2 14.02 2.05 12 2Z" style="fill:#fff;fill-opacity:1"></path><path fill="url(#id-106203557-a)" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3 12c0 1.449 1.035 1.251 1.755 2.997s-.144 2.34.882 3.366c1.026 1.026 1.62.153 3.366.882C10.749 19.965 10.551 21 12 21c1.449 0 1.251-1.035 2.997-1.755s2.34.144 3.366-.882c1.026-1.026.153-1.62.882-3.366C19.965 13.251 21 13.44 21 12c0-1.449-1.035-1.251-1.755-2.997s.144-2.34-.882-3.366c-1.026-1.026-1.62-.153-3.366-.882C13.251 4.035 13.449 3 12 3c-1.449 0-1.251 1.035-2.997 1.755s-2.34-.144-3.366.882c-1.026 1.026-.153 1.62-.882 3.366C4.035 10.749 3 10.551 3 12Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path><path fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m10.003 15.355-2.37-2.699s-.413-.634.217-1.226c.63-.591 1.195-.197 1.195-.197l1.758 1.92 4.226-4.439s.597-.313 1.17.178c.572.49.243 1.244.243 1.244s-3.12 3.472-4.839 5.204c-.881.837-1.6.015-1.6.015Z" clip-rule="evenodd" style="fill:#fff;fill-opacity:1"></path><defs><linearGradient id="id-106203557-a" x1="5.7" x2="15.6" y1="5.7" y2="19.2" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><stop stop-color="#47D3FF" style="stop-color:#47d3ff;stop-opacity:1"></stop><stop offset="1" stop-color="#4A7DFF" style="stop-color:stop-opacity:1"></stop></linearGradient></defs></svg></span><style data-emotion-css="11rh7mx">.css-11rh7mx{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;width:8px;}</style><div class="css-11rh7mx"></div><a href="https://www.zhihu.com/term/institution-settle" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">认证信息</a></div><style data-emotion-css="3n85vb">.css-3n85vb{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;font-size:14px;color:#8491a5;margin-left:26px;}</style><div class="css-3n85vb"><style data-emotion-css="11cewt9">.css-11cewt9{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;margin-top:6px;}</style><div class="css-11cewt9"><span data-tooltip="库卡机器人（上海）有限公司" aria-label="库卡机器人（上海）有限公司">已认证账号</span></div></div></div><div class="css-1jf3292"><div class="css-zkfaav"><span style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center"><svg width="1.2em" height="1.2em" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="ZDI ZDI--AgreeFill24" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.792 3.681c-.781-1.406-2.803-1.406-3.584 0l-7.79 14.023c-.76 1.367.228 3.046 1.791 3.046h15.582c1.563 0 2.55-1.68 1.791-3.046l-7.79-14.023Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span><div class="css-11rh7mx"></div>获得 64 次赞同</div><div class="css-3n85vb"><div class="css-11cewt9">获得 116 次喜欢，52 次收藏</div></div></div></div></div><div class="Card FollowshipCard"><div class="NumberBoard FollowshipCard-counts NumberBoard--divider"><a type="button" class="Button NumberBoard-item FEfUrdfMIKpQDJDqkjte Button--plain fEPKGkUK5jyc4fUuT0QP" href="/org/ku-qia-zhong-guo/following"><div class="NumberBoard-itemInner"><div class="NumberBoard-itemName">关注了</div><strong class="NumberBoard-itemValue" title="1 ">1 </strong></div></a><a type="button" class="Button NumberBoard-item FEfUrdfMIKpQDJDqkjte Button--plain fEPKGkUK5jyc4fUuT0QP" href="/org/ku-qia-zhong-guo/followers"><div class="NumberBoard-itemInner"><div class="NumberBoard-itemName">关注者</div><strong class="NumberBoard-itemValue" title="182 ">182 </strong></div></a></div></div><div class="Card"><a class="Profile-createOrgAccount" target="_blank" href="https://www.zhihu.com/org/signup">开通机构号</a></div><div class="Profile-lightList"><a class="Profile-lightItem" href="/org/ku-qia-zhong-guo/following/topics"><span class="Profile-lightItemName">关注的话题</span><span class="Profile-lightItemValue">0</span></a><a class="Profile-lightItem" href="/org/ku-qia-zhong-guo/following/columns"><span class="Profile-lightItemName">关注的专栏</span><span class="Profile-lightItemValue">0</span></a><a class="Profile-lightItem" href="/org/ku-qia-zhong-guo/following/questions"><span class="Profile-lightItemName">关注的问题</span><span class="Profile-lightItemValue">1</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></main><div data-zop-usertoken="{}"></div></div></div><script id="js-clientConfig" type="text/json">{"fetchRoot":{"www":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhihu.com","api":"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.zhihu.com","lens":"https:\u002F\u002Flens.zhihu.com","zhida":"https:\u002F\u002Fzhida.zhihu.com","zhuanlan":"https:\u002F\u002Fzhuanlan.zhihu.com\u002Fapi\u002F","walletpay":"https:\u002F\u002Fwalletpay.zhihu.com","captcha":"https:\u002F\u002Fcaptcha.zhihu.com","vzuu":"https:\u002F\u002Fv.vzuu.com","openapi":"https:\u002F\u002Fopenapi.zhihu.com","svip":"https:\u002F\u002Fsvip.zhihu.com"},"host":"zhihu.com","protocol":"https:","wwwHost":"www.zhihu.com","videoHost":"video.zhihu.com","zhuanlanHost":"zhuanlan.zhihu.com","allowSignUp":true,"refreshValidityPeriod":"30","release":"1687-e83c105b","currentEntry":"main","isMobileEntry":false,"apollo":{"env":"prod","globalSilence":"","ncgModeSign":"3f8e56febda4fb3bbea72e379d76de1e","logMobileUnAuth":"1","topstory_rec_adp":"1","topstory_hot_adp":"1","editor_adapt_native":"0","editor_auto_rotate":"0","enable_request_filter":"1","balanceModalSign":"ChYHAcB5ihJECkAFnhDAYmdhsTWVJoNc","reportBackendPublishError":"1","dynamic_font_schema":"1","enable_vzuu_login":"office","za_zse_ck_refer":"1","test_canary":"member|0-100,1-0","use_new_player":"member|0-100,1-0","player_vendor":"member|0-100,1-0,2-0","use_hevc":"member|0-0,1-100","upload_use_signature":"member|0-0,1-100","use_backdrop_blur":"member|0-0,1-100","article_title_imagex":"member|0-0,1-100","play_station":"member|0-0,1-100","use_cached_supported_countries":"device|1-100,0-0","contentItem_cover_imagex":"member|0-0,1-100","use_qrcode_login_v2":"device|1-100,0-0"}}</script><script id="js-initialData" type="text/json">{"initialState":{"common":{"ask":{},"cities":{"cityData":[]}},"loading":{"global":{"count":0},"local":{"people\u002Fget\u002F":false,"switches\u002FgetVipSwitches\u002F":false}},"entities":{"users":{"ku-qia-zhong-guo":{"id":"34f851d0cf849732a9f1b195da89210f","urlToken":"ku-qia-zhong-guo","name":"库卡中国","useDefaultAvatar":false,"avatarUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fpicx.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-16647d4508819df00ae550b7375df124_l.jpg?source=32738c0c&needBackground=1","avatarUrlTemplate":"https:\u002F\u002Fpica.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-16647d4508819df00ae550b7375df124_l.jpg?source=32738c0c&needBackground=1","isOrg":true,"type":"people","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhihu.com\u002Fapi\u002Fv4\u002Fpeople\u002Fku-qia-zhong-guo","userType":"organization","headline":"","headlineRender":"","isActive":1679897560,"description":"自动化和机器人领域的全球专家","gender":-1,"isAdvertiser":false,"ipInfo":"IP 属地上海","vipInfo":{"isVip":false,"vipType":0,"renameDays":"0","entranceV2":null,"renameFrequency":0,"renameAwaitDays":0},"kvipInfo":{"isVip":false},"badge":[{"type":"identity","description":"已认证账号"}],"badgeV2":{"title":"已认证账号","mergedBadges":[{"type":"identity","detailType":"identity","title":"认证","description":"已认证账号","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhihu.com\u002Fterm\u002Finstitution-settle","sources":[],"icon":"","nightIcon":"","badgeStatus":"passed"}],"detailBadges":[{"type":"identity","detailType":"identity_org","title":"已认证账号","description":"已认证账号","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhihu.com\u002Fterm\u002Finstitution-settle","sources":[],"icon":"https:\u002F\u002Fpica.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-2ddc5cc683982648f6f123616fb4ec09_l.png?source=32738c0c","nightIcon":"https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-2ddc5cc683982648f6f123616fb4ec09_l.png?source=32738c0c","badgeStatus":"passed"}],"icon":"https:\u002F\u002Fpicx.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-2ddc5cc683982648f6f123616fb4ec09_l.png?source=32738c0c","nightIcon":"https:\u002F\u002Fpicx.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-2ddc5cc683982648f6f123616fb4ec09_l.png?source=32738c0c"},"accountStatus":[],"messageThreadToken":"8285569911","allowMessage":true,"isFollowing":false,"isFollowed":false,"isBlocking":false,"isBlocked":false,"isForceRenamed":false,"followerCount":182,"followingCount":1,"mutualFolloweesCount":0,"answerCount":1,"questionCount":0,"commercialQuestionCount":0,"articlesCount":86,"columnsCount":1,"zvideoCount":32,"favoriteCount":0,"favoritedCount":52,"pinsCount":0,"logsCount":0,"voteupCount":64,"thankedCount":116,"hostedLiveCount":0,"participatedLiveCount":0,"includedAnswersCount":0,"includedArticlesCount":0,"includedText":"","followingColumnsCount":0,"followingTopicCount":0,"followingQuestionCount":1,"followingFavlistsCount":0,"voteToCount":0,"voteFromCount":0,"thankToCount":0,"thankFromCount":0,"availableMedalsCount":0,"business":{"id":"","type":"topic","url":"","name":"","avatarUrl":""},"locations":[],"employments":[],"educations":[],"coverUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-2208a00d873137b51bf4d8aff4a01906_r.jpg?source=32738c0c","avatarHue":"","juror":{"isJuror":false,"voteCount":0,"reviewCount":0,"reviewLikedCount":0},"isPrivacyProtected":false,"industryCategory":"工业电气-其他","orgName":"库卡机器人（上海）有限公司","orgHomepage":"\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=https%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.kukacenter.com\u002F%23\u002F\" class=\" external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"invisible\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"visible\"\u003Ekukacenter.com\u002F#\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"invisible\"\u003E\u002F\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"ellipsis\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E","businessLicCode":"91310000569561419Y","isOrgCreatepinWhiteUser":true,"isRealname":true,"hasApplyingColumn":false,"isIntelligence":false}},"questions":{},"answers":{},"articles":{},"columns":{},"topics":{},"roundtables":{},"favlists":{},"comments":{},"notifications":{},"ebooks":{},"activities":{},"feeds":{},"pins":{},"promotions":{},"drafts":{},"chats":{},"posts":{},"zvideos":{},"zvideoContributions":{},"eduCourses":{}},"currentUser":"","account":{"unlockTicketStatus":false,"unlockTicket":null,"challenge":[],"errorStatus":false,"message":"","isFetching":false,"accountInfo":{},"urlToken":{"loading":false},"cardUserInfo":{"vipInfo":{}},"handleWidget":{},"widgetList":[],"userWidgetId":""},"settings":{"socialBind":null,"inboxMsg":null,"notification":{},"email":{},"privacyFlag":null,"blockedUsers":{"isFetching":false,"paging":{"pageNo":1,"pageSize":6},"data":[]},"blockedFollowees":{"isFetching":false,"paging":{"pageNo":1,"pageSize":6},"data":[]},"ignoredTopics":{"isFetching":false,"paging":{"pageNo":1,"pageSize":6},"data":[]},"restrictedTopics":null,"laboratory":{}},"notification":{},"people":{"profileStatus":{"ku-qia-zhong-guo":{"token":{"id":"34f851d0cf849732a9f1b195da89210f","urlToken":"ku-qia-zhong-guo"},"isFetching":false,"isDrained":true}},"activitiesByUser":{},"answersByUser":{},"answersSortByVotesByUser":{},"answersIncludedByUser":{},"votedAnswersByUser":{},"thankedAnswersByUser":{},"voteAnswersByUser":{},"thankAnswersByUser":{},"topicAnswersByUser":{},"zvideosByUser":{},"articlesByUser":{},"articlesSortByVotesByUser":{},"articlesIncludedByUser":{},"pinsByUser":{},"questionsByUser":{},"commercialQuestionsByUser":{},"favlistsByUser":{},"followingByUser":{},"followersByUser":{},"mutualsByUser":{},"followingColumnsByUser":{},"followingQuestionsByUser":{},"followingFavlistsByUser":{},"followingTopicsByUser":{},"publicationsByUser":{},"columnsByUser":{},"allFavlistsByUser":{},"brands":null,"creationsByUser":{},"creationsSortByVotesByUser":{},"creationsFeed":{},"infinity":{},"batchUsers":{},"profileInfinity":null},"env":{"abV2":{"config":{"paramMap":{"nm_similar_card":{"value":"0"},"ws_must_login":{"value":"1","abId":"rl-must_login-1"},"ub_ai_search_tab":{"value":"0"},"pc_mou_cre_remove":{"value":"0"},"nc_mobile_app":{"value":"0","abId":"mobile_app-0"},"ws_zhida_pro":{"value":"1"},"ws_new_call":{"value":"0"},"ws_qiangzhisafe":{"value":"1","abId":"rl-qiangzhisafe_copy-1"}},"abMap":{"rl-must_login-1":{"abId":"rl-must_login-1","layerId":"rl-must_login"},"mobile_app-0":{"abId":"mobile_app-0","layerId":"creation_product_client_web_domain_layer2"},"rl-qiangzhisafe_copy-1":{"abId":"rl-qiangzhisafe_copy-1","layerId":"rl-qiangzhisafe_copy"}}},"triggers":{}},"userAgent":{"Edge":false,"IE":true,"Wechat":false,"Weibo":false,"QQ":false,"MQQBrowser":false,"Qzone":false,"Mobile":false,"Android":false,"HarmonyOS":false,"iOS":false,"isAppleDevice":false,"Zhihu":false,"ZhihuHybrid":false,"isBot":false,"Tablet":false,"UC":false,"Quark":false,"Sogou":false,"Qihoo":false,"Baidu":false,"BaiduApp":false,"Safari":false,"GoogleBot":false,"AndroidDaily":false,"iOSDaily":false,"WxMiniProgram":false,"BaiduMiniProgram":false,"QQMiniProgram":false,"JDMiniProgram":false,"isWebView":false,"isMiniProgram":false,"origin":"Mozilla\u002F4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506; .NET CLR 3.5.21022; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)"},"appViewConfig":{},"ctx":{"path":"\u002Forg\u002Fku-qia-zhong-guo\u002Fasks","query":{},"href":"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhihu.com\u002Forg\u002Fku-qia-zhong-guo\u002Fasks","host":"www.zhihu.com"},"trafficSource":"production","edition":{"beijing":false,"baidu":false,"sogou":false,"baiduBeijing":false,"sogouBeijing":false,"sogouInput":false,"oppoSearch":false,"baiduSearch":false,"googleSearch":false,"shenma":false,"miniProgram":false,"xiaomi":false,"huaweiSearch":false},"theme":"light","appHeaderTheme":{"current":"normal","disable":true,"normal":{"bgColor":"GBK99A"},"custom":{"bgColor":"GBK99A"}},"enableShortcut":true,"referer":"","xUDId":"","mode":"ssr","conf":{},"xTrafficFreeOrigin":"","ipInfo":{},"logged":false,"vars":{"passThroughHeaders":{}}},"me":{"columnContributions":[]},"label":{},"ecommerce":{},"comments":{"pagination":{},"collapsed":{},"reverse":{},"reviewing":{},"conversation":{},"parent":{}},"commentsV2":{"stickers":[],"commentWithPicPermission":{},"notificationsComments":{},"pagination":{},"collapsed":{},"reverse":{},"reviewing":{},"conversation":{},"conversationMore":{},"parent":{}},"pushNotifications":{"default":{"isFetching":false,"isDrained":false,"ids":[]},"follow":{"isFetching":false,"isDrained":false,"ids":[]},"vote_thank":{"isFetching":false,"isDrained":false,"ids":[]},"currentTab":"default","notificationsCount":{"default":0,"follow":0,"vote_thank":0}},"messages":{"data":{},"currentTab":"common","messageCount":0},"register":{"registerValidateSucceeded":null,"registerValidateErrors":{},"registerConfirmError":null,"sendDigitsError":null,"registerConfirmSucceeded":null},"login":{"loginUnregisteredError":false,"loginBindWechatError":false,"loginConfirmError":null,"sendDigitsError":null,"needSMSIdentify":false,"validateDigitsError":false,"loginConfirmSucceeded":null,"qrcodeLoginToken":"","qrcodeLoginScanStatus":0,"qrcodeLoginError":null,"qrcodeLoginReturnNewToken":false},"switches":{"vipSwitches":{"cOMMENTSUPPORTIMAGE":false,"eXCLUSIVEEXPRESSION":false,"mAINSWITCH":false,"pROFILETOPARTICLE":false,"rECOMMENDBLOCKKEYWORDS":false,"sPEEDRENAME":false,"vIPCUSTOMERSERVICE":false,"vIPICON":false,"wIDGET":false}},"captcha":{"captchaNeeded":false,"captchaValidated":false},"sms":{"supportedCountries":[]},"chat":{"chats":{},"inbox":{"recents":{"isFetching":false,"isDrained":false,"isPrevDrained":false,"result":[],"next":null,"key":null},"strangers":{"isFetching":false,"isDrained":false,"isPrevDrained":false,"result":[],"next":null,"key":null},"friends":{"isFetching":false,"isDrained":false,"isPrevDrained":false,"result":[],"next":null,"key":null},"search":{"isFetching":false,"isDrained":false,"isPrevDrained":false,"result":[],"next":null,"key":null},"config":{"newCount":0,"strangerMessageSwitch":false,"strangerMessageUnread":false,"friendCount":0}},"global":{"isChatMqttExisted":false}},"emoticons":{"emoticonGroupList":[],"emoticonGroupDetail":{}},"creator":{"tools":{"question":{"invitationCount":{"questionFolloweeCount":0,"questionTotalCount":0}},"recommend":{"recommendTimes":{}}},"explore":{},"levelUpperLimit":10,"mcn":{},"mcnManage":{},"tasks":{},"announcement":{},"creatorsRecommendInfo":{}},"creators":{"common":{"applyStatus":{},"rightsStatus":{}},"bayesDomains":{"status":{},"options":{"topDomains":null,"allDomains":null,"editable":0},"contents":null},"school":{"tabs":[],"contents":[],"banner":null,"entities":{}},"faq":{"tabs":[],"article":{}},"knowledgeIncome":{},"safeguardRights":{},"analytics":{"all":{},"answer":{},"zvideo":{},"article":{},"pin":{},"singleContent":{}},"account":{"growthLevel":{}},"KMResource":{},"training":{},"ToolsQuestion":{"goodatTopics":[]},"ToolsHotspot":{"domains":[]},"ToolsRecommend":{},"ToolsCustomPromotion":{"itemLists":{},"baseInfo":{}},"ToolsSearchQuestion":{},"editorSetting":{},"MCNManage":{},"knowledgeTasks":{},"incomeAnalysis":{"income":{"aggregation":{}}},"creationManage":{"editModal":{"status":false}},"activity":{},"announcement":{},"home":{"currentCreatorUrlToken":null,"rights":[],"newRights":[],"scoreInfo":{},"menusShowControlByServer":{"bVipRecomend":false,"creationRelationship":false},"newTasks":{"creatorTask":{"tasks":[],"des":[]}},"bannerList":[],"recentlyCreated":[],"homecard":{},"homeData":{}},"videoSupport":{"textBenefit":{}},"videoDistribution":{},"profilePoster":{"creatorPosterConfig":{},"creatorPosterData":{}}},"question":{"followers":{},"concernedFollowers":{},"answers":{},"hiddenAnswers":{},"updatedAnswers":{},"ariaAnswers":{},"collapsedAnswers":{},"notificationAnswers":{},"invitedQuestions":{"total":{"count":null,"isEnd":false,"isLoading":false,"questions":[]},"followees":{"count":null,"isEnd":false,"isLoading":false,"questions":[]}},"laterQuestions":{"count":null,"isEnd":false,"isLoading":false,"questions":[]},"waitingQuestions":{"recommend":{"isEnd":false,"isLoading":false,"questions":[]},"invite":{"isEnd":false,"isLoading":false,"questions":[]},"newest":{"isEnd":false,"isLoading":false,"questions":[]},"hot":{"isEnd":false,"isLoading":false,"questions":[]}},"invitationCandidates":{},"inviters":{},"invitees":{},"similarQuestions":{},"questionBanners":{},"relatedCommodities":{},"bio":{},"brand":{},"permission":{},"adverts":{},"advancedStyle":{},"commonAnswerCount":0,"hiddenAnswerCount":0,"topicMeta":{"isLoading":{}},"bluestarRanklist":{},"relatedSearch":{},"autoInvitation":{},"simpleConcernedFollowers":{},"draftStatus":{},"disclaimers":{},"isShowMobileSignInModal":false},"shareTexts":{},"answers":{"voters":{},"upvoters":{},"copyrightApplicants":{},"favlists":{},"newAnswer":{},"entityWords":{},"paidContent":{},"settings":{},"relationEndorsement":{},"hotspots":{},"growthCardOrder":{}},"banner":{},"topic":{"bios":{},"hot":{},"newest":{},"top":{},"sticky":{},"pin":{},"unanswered":{},"questions":{},"zivdeo":{},"zvideo-new":{},"pin20":{},"pin20-new":{},"followers":{},"contributors":{},"parent":{},"children":{},"bestAnswerers":{},"wikiMeta":{},"index":{},"intro":{},"meta":{},"schema":{},"creatorWall":{},"wikiEditInfo":{},"committedWiki":{},"landingBasicData":{},"landingExcellentItems":[],"landingExcellentEditors":[],"landingCatalog":[],"landingEntries":{}},"explore":{"recommendations":{},"specials":{"entities":{},"order":[]},"roundtables":{"entities":{},"order":[]},"collections":{},"columns":{},"square":{"hotQuestionList":[],"potentialList":[]}},"articles":{"voters":{},"upvoters":{},"relationEndorsement":{}},"favlists":{"relations":{}},"pins":{"reviewing":{}},"topstory":{"recommend":{"isFetching":false,"isDrained":false,"afterId":0,"items":[],"next":null},"follow":{"isFetching":false,"isDrained":false,"afterId":0,"items":[],"next":null},"followWonderful":{"isFetching":false,"isDrained":false,"afterId":0,"items":[],"next":null},"sidebar":null,"announcement":{},"hotList":[],"hotListHeadZone":[],"guestFeeds":{"isFetching":false,"isDrained":false,"afterId":0,"items":[],"next":null},"followExtra":{"isNewUser":null,"isFetched":false,"followCount":0,"followers":[]},"hotDaily":{"data":[],"paging":{}},"hotHighlight":{"isFetching":false,"isDrained":false,"data":[],"paging":{}},"banner":{},"commercialBanner":{"show":false,"banner":{},"trackData":{}},"video":{"items":[],"next":null,"isLoading":false,"isDrained":false}},"upload":{},"video":{"data":{},"shareVideoDetail":{},"last":{}},"zvideos":{"campaignVideoList":{},"campaigns":{},"tagoreCategory":[],"recommendations":{},"insertable":{},"recruit":{"form":{"platform":"","nickname":"","followerCount":"","domain":"","contact":""},"submited":false,"ranking":[]},"qyActivityData":{},"talkActivityData":{},"party2022ActivityData":{},"batchVideos":{},"contribution":{"selectedContribution":null,"campaign":null,"configs":{},"contributionLists":{},"recommendQuestions":{"isLoading":true,"paging":{"isEnd":false,"isStart":true,"totals":0},"data":[]},"questionSearchResults":{"isLoading":true,"paging":{"isEnd":false,"isStart":true,"totals":0},"data":[]}},"creationReferences":{},"zvideoCollection":{},"zvideoGrant":{},"collectData":{"isFetching":false,"list":[]},"videoSource":{"isLoaded":false}},"guide":{"guide":{"isFetching":false,"isShowGuide":false}},"reward":{"answer":{},"article":{},"question":{}},"search":{"recommendSearch":[],"topSearch":{},"searchValue":{},"suggestSearch":{},"attachedInfo":{"generalByQuery":{}},"nextOffset":{"generalByQuery":{}},"topicReview":{},"sidebar":{},"calendar":{},"scores":null,"majors":{},"university":{},"generalByQuery":{},"generalByQueryInADay":{},"generalByQueryInAWeek":{},"generalByQueryInThreeMonths":{},"peopleByQuery":{},"topicByQuery":{},"zvideoByQuery":{},"scholarByQuery":{},"columnByQuery":{},"liveByQuery":{},"albumByQuery":{},"eBookByQuery":{},"kmGeneralByQuery":{},"kmCourseByQuery":{},"favlistByQuery":{},"customFilter":{"requestFinished":false,"keys":[],"tags":[]},"zhidaRelatedQuestions":{"isLoading":false,"data":[],"showZhidaRelatedQuestionsCard":false}},"creatorSalt":{"recommendQuestionList":[],"bannerList":[],"claimBannerList":[],"sites":[],"domains":{},"hasRecored":false,"hasClaim":false,"hasContributedList":[],"notContributedList":[],"contributesTotal":null,"previewPageTitle":"","previewPageContent":"","restContributionNumber":"-"},"publicEditPermission":{},"readStatus":{},"draftHistory":{"history":{},"drafts":{}},"notifications":{"recent":{"isFetching":false,"isDrained":false,"isPrevDrained":false,"result":[],"next":null,"key":null},"history":{"isFetching":false,"isDrained":false,"isPrevDrained":false,"result":[],"next":null,"key":null},"notificationActors":{"isFetching":false,"isDrained":false,"isPrevDrained":false,"result":[],"next":null,"key":null},"recentNotificationEntry":"all"},"specials":{"entities":{},"all":{"data":[],"paging":{},"isLoading":false}},"collections":{"hot":{"data":[],"paging":{},"isLoading":false},"collectionFeeds":{}},"userProfit":{"permission":{"permissionStatus":{"zhiZixuan":0,"recommend":-1,"task":0,"plugin":0,"infinity":0},"visible":false},"linkCardLimit":0},"mcn":{"bindInfo":{},"memberCategoryList":[],"producerList":[],"categoryList":[],"lists":{},"banners":{},"protocolStatus":{"isAgreedNew":true,"isAgreedOld":true},"probationCountdownDays":0},"mcnActivity":{"household":{"products":{},"rankList":{"total":{},"yesterday":{}}}},"brand":{"contentPlugin":{}},"host":{"roundtable":{"subjects":{},"applications":{"total":0},"online":{"total":0},"applies":{},"details":{},"includedResource":{},"hotQuestions":{},"warmupContents":{},"batchInclude":{}},"special":{"applications":{"total":0,"pages":{},"entities":{}},"censorHistory":{},"drafts":{}}},"campaign":{"single":{},"list":{},"videoMakerAcq":{},"vote":{},"cardCollecting":{"message":null,"profile":{"balance":"0","chance":0,"coinNum":0,"gatherClose":false,"isGotMagicCard":false,"isPay":false,"partitionStart":false,"totalDone":0,"withdrawStart":false},"sharePoster":{"share":"","sendCard":"","invite":""},"shareLink":null,"shareIntention":"share","shareKey":null,"shareCardId":null,"inviterInfo":null,"giverInfo":null,"prize":null,"receivedCard":null,"newCoinCount":null,"newCardList":[],"newUserCardCount":1,"taskList":[],"prizeList":null,"cardList":null,"panel":{"showTaskPanel":false,"showRewardPanel":false},"modal":{"showWelcomeModal":false,"showFusionModal":false,"showFusionPromptModal":false,"showShareModal":false,"showBackModal":false}},"zhiboPandian2020":null,"boarding":{},"searchGaokaoSubPage":{},"searchHealth":{}},"knowledgePlan":{"lists":{},"allCreationRankList":{},"featuredQuestions":{}},"wallE":{"protectHistory":{"total":0,"pages":{},"entities":{}}},"roundtables":{"hotQuestions":{},"warmupContents":{},"hotDiscussions":{},"selectedContents":{},"roundtables":{}},"helpCenter":{"entities":{"question":{},"category":{}},"categories":[],"commonQuestions":[],"relatedQuestions":{},"faqTypes":[]},"republish":{},"commercialReport":{"commercialTypes":[]},"creatorMCN":{"mcn":{},"mcnStatistics":{},"mcnRight":{"bind":false,"coupon":false},"isNoAuth":false,"creatorManageData":[],"creatorManageDataTotal":1,"mcnDomains":[],"bill":{"list":{},"detail":{}},"healthScore":{"healthScore":"0","updateTime":"","evaluate":""},"healthScoreRecordInfo":{},"beforeDownloadCheckResult":{},"beforePromotionData":[],"afterPromotionData":[]},"commentManage":{"commentList":{"ids":[],"entities":{},"nextOffset":0,"urlToken":""},"subCommentList":{"ids":[],"entities":{},"paging":{"next":"","isEnd":false}}},"commentPermission":{},"creatorRightStatus":{"list":[]},"zhiPlus":{"permissionStatus":9999},"streaming":{},"creationRanking":{},"eduSections":{"eduSectionState":{}},"adPromotion":{"answer":{},"article":{}},"editVideo":{"editVideoEnabled":false},"zhidaEntry":{"sidebar":{"answer":{},"question":{}},"answerBottom":{}},"guideZhidaCard":{"cardStatus":{"isShowGuideZhidaCard":false,"guideZhidaCardInView":false,"isClickedBeforeAbIndex":false,"isManualClose":false,"clickedPosition":-1}}},"subAppName":"main","spanName":"ProfileQuestions","canaryConfig":{"test_canary":"0","use_new_player":"0","player_vendor":"0","use_hevc":"0","upload_use_signature":"0","use_backdrop_blur":"0","article_title_imagex":"0","play_station":"0","use_cached_supported_countries":"1"}}</script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/vendor.8cd9184b6dc02de0b02c.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/event/react@17.0.2/umd/react.production.min.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/event/react-dom@17.0.2/umd/react-dom.production.min.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/event/react-dom@17.0.2/umd/react-dom-server.browser.production.min.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/runtime.app.4765034253d39fcd6dc1.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/426.app.75f972a493ae4fe0830b.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/main.app.55595e77f4b2bb3dc60b.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/lib-29107295.0692d5fe944e8fb46775.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/lib-f3572862.f73bf3c08acaa85ae758.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/lib-0e5ce61e.8aaa64df81b0aeba6313.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/lib-79b5cf47.ef9f36ceaff90561a471.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/lib-75fc9c18.fa82171dc3014b0aaa1d.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/lib-330004dc.42a9ad3cdb7831446b3b.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/lib-38cf5c11.be96733e4650a5dc5533.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/lib-2ec050f6.32d7f0e38094a4c260d9.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/lib-83b0f42f.eca2aacc29c54b983ab9.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/lib-9b20c40c.5edc7384aee74d1ad195.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/shared-e5fb4baf7f81913234c8ae38d77981ef34c5b741.106cf8e1195908b48263.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/shared-0b43bf3e67dbb6b623fe8ec6c5d091d1b549b2dc.6742a358f60c43f0b000.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/shared-c1b26e28f9af848665b4dda36429ffbbc02ba722.3382092d43fbf42a55dd.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/shared-33741370830005be76ce2de074412d202d48915c.e00ddd04ca73f0769067.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/shared-11cdd05708e8231a679e46442ff0ae122532f1bc.ef517b793817666bf5a5.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/shared-707a11ebc868d394defdec5e3c9c3bd627194a5c.f6bd47177fd25e32cce7.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/shared-344960c9bb3f9e501026d17224a6974d3281f1a3.e7afa8c867f256f5ec8b.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/shared-30b2a91d27f48fa9c977462bb1d69791a88a1110.b1b6e8cecb3c16972a1f.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/shared-faeff54b296b1c154036fc9f6ca9c13ea6d336f2.c3121aa4c9db9385482b.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/shared-7df56d9846d5f71fc0428c60463f36496d768b20.0a2949dba3df83809665.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/shared-d0bb0dc86392a7e972798467f9dd20ba179b044b.9b6696ea03bc792f05e0.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/shared-ff6488b53b31e2f26005da423c1542f5a34ce2b9.cae570f43ae822ebe6fe.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/shared-299e64daabd85e596c68c7164ca822525e0cb130.56a9a231bf881000fe2e.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/shared-62675887fbafc3655eb6e1058e75f0ca751e8e7f.b70fe9dbf3d34323f34c.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/9165.d879f0eba99f617f88d8.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/8667.30a0a5808d496c4460c7.js"></script><script crossorigin="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/chunks/main-org-routes.7d9c51d3be394b99171e.js"></script><script defer="" src="https://static.zhihu.com/event/wza/4613/aria.js?appid=a3637ace5dc3a347f6863b0bac487599" id="ariascripts" wapForceOldFixed="false" loadData="false"></script></body><script src="https://hm.baidu.com/hm.js?98beee57fd2ef70ccdd5ca52b9740c49" async=""></script></html>