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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pet_popularity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pet_popularity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pet popularity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pet_popularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_on_pets'_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_on_pets'_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Effects on pets' health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects_on_pets'_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_of_pets_on_their_caregivers'_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_of_pets_on_their_caregivers'_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Effects of pets on their caregivers' health</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Effects_of_pets_on_their_caregivers'_health-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Effects of pets on their caregivers' health subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Effects_of_pets_on_their_caregivers'_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health_benefits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_benefits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Health benefits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_benefits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Observed_correlations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observed_correlations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Observed correlations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Observed_correlations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pets_in_long-term_care_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pets_in_long-term_care_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Pets in long-term care institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pets_in_long-term_care_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connection_with_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connection_with_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Connection with community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connection_with_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_risks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_risks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Health risks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_risks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legislation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legislation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Treaties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treaties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Treaties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treaties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_and_local_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_and_local_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>National and local laws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_and_local_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ownership_or_guardianship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ownership_or_guardianship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Ownership or guardianship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ownership_or_guardianship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limitations_on_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limitations_on_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Limitations on species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limitations_on_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Killing_and_eating_pets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Killing_and_eating_pets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Killing and eating pets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Killing_and_eating_pets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Environmental impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domesticated" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domesticated"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Domesticated</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domesticated-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wild_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wild_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Wild animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wild_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Ancient history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Victorian_era:_the_rise_of_modern_pet_keeping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victorian_era:_the_rise_of_modern_pet_keeping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Victorian era: the rise of modern pet keeping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victorian_era:_the_rise_of_modern_pet_keeping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.2</span> <span>Social</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.3</span> <span>Entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pet_ownership_by_non-humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pet_ownership_by_non-humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Pet ownership by non-humans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pet_ownership_by_non-humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pets_in_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pets_in_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pets in art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pets_in_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%8A" title="حيوان منزلي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حيوان منزلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_de_company%C3%ADa" title="Animal de companyía – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Animal de companyía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_de_compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa" title="Animal de compañía – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Animal de compañía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sok%C9%94n%C9%94bagan" title="Sokɔnɔbagan – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Sokɔnɔbagan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B2-ph%C5%8Da%E2%81%BF_t%C5%8Dng-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Chò-phōaⁿ tōng-bu̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chò-phōaⁿ tōng-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%8B-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Жывёлы-кампаньёны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жывёлы-кампаньёны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Домашен любимец – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Домашен любимец" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%87e_%C5%BEivotinje" title="Domaće životinje – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Domaće životinje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_de_companyia" title="Animal de companyia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Animal de companyia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%A1c%C3%AD_zv%C3%AD%C5%99e" title="Domácí zvíře – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Domácí zvíře" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anifail_anwes" title="Anifail anwes – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Anifail anwes" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A6ledyr" title="Kæledyr – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kæledyr" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimtier" title="Heimtier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Heimtier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemmikloom" title="Lemmikloom – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lemmikloom" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κατοικίδιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κατοικίδιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_de_compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa" title="Animal de compañía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Animal de compañía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorlotbesto" title="Dorlotbesto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dorlotbesto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konpainia-animalia" title="Konpainia-animalia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konpainia-animalia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="حیوان خانگی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حیوان خانگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimad%C3%BDr" title="Heimadýr – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Heimadýr" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_de_compagnie" title="Animal de compagnie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Animal de compagnie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BAsdier" title="Húsdier – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Húsdier" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peata" title="Peata – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Peata" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peata" title="Peata – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Peata" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_de_compa%C3%B1a" title="Animal de compaña – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Animal de compaña" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EC%99%84%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="애완동물 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="애완동물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B8%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%81_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Ընկերակից կենդանի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ընկերակից կենդանի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81" title="पालतू पशु – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पालतू पशु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C4%87ni_ljubimac" title="Kućni ljubimac – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kućni ljubimac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorloto" title="Dorloto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dorloto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan_kesayangan" title="Hewan kesayangan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hewan kesayangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_de_compania" title="Animal de compania – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Animal de compania" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A6lud%C3%BDr" title="Gæludýr – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gæludýr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animale_da_compagnia" title="Animale da compagnia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Animale da compagnia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%93" title="חיית מחמד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיית מחמד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9wan_klangenan" title="Kéwan klangenan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kéwan klangenan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sese" title="Sese – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Sese" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87" title="ສັດລ້ຽງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສັດລ້ຽງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_familiare" title="Animal familiare – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Animal familiare" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoesdeer" title="Hoesdeer – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hoesdeer" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1rs%C3%A1llat" title="Társállat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Társállat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Милениче – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Милениче" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiwan_peliharaan" title="Haiwan peliharaan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Haiwan peliharaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gezelschapdier" title="Gezelschapdier – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gezelschapdier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="ペット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%A6ledyr" title="Kjæledyr – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjæledyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%A6ledyr" title="Kjæledyr – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kjæledyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animau_de_companhi%C3%A1" title="Animau de companhiá – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Animau de companhiá" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0" title="ਪਾਲਤੂ ਜਾਨਵਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਲਤੂ ਜਾਨਵਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwierz%C4%99ta_domowe" title="Zwierzęta domowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zwierzęta domowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_de_estima%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Animal de estimação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Animal de estimação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_de_companie" title="Animal de companie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Animal de companie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uywana" title="Uywana – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uywana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Животные-компаньоны – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Животные-компаньоны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet" title="Pet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88" title="پالتو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پالتو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%A1ce_zviera" title="Domáce zviera – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Domáce zviera" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%9B%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%99%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Кућни љубимац – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кућни љубимац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C4%87ni_ljubimac" title="Kućni ljubimac – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kućni ljubimac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemmikkiel%C3%A4in" title="Lemmikkieläin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lemmikkieläin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4llskapsdjur" title="Sällskapsdjur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sällskapsdjur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="สัตว์เลี้ยง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัตว์เลี้ยง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evcil_hayvan" title="Evcil hayvan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Evcil hayvan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Хатні тварини – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хатні тварини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_c%C6%B0ng" title="Vật cưng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vật cưng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A0%E7%89%A9" title="宠物 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="宠物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%B5%E7%89%A9" title="寵物 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="寵物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A0%E7%89%A9" title="宠物 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="宠物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39201#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Animal kept for companionship rather than utility</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about animals kept for companionship. For the use of "pet" as a verb, "petting", see <a href="/wiki/Social_grooming" title="Social grooming">Social grooming</a>. For other uses of the abbreviations "PET" and "PETS", see <a href="/wiki/PET_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="PET (disambiguation)">PET</a> and <a href="/wiki/PETS_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="PETS (disambiguation)">PETS</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trillium_Poncho_cat_dog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Trillium_Poncho_cat_dog.jpg/220px-Trillium_Poncho_cat_dog.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Trillium_Poncho_cat_dog.jpg/330px-Trillium_Poncho_cat_dog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Trillium_Poncho_cat_dog.jpg/440px-Trillium_Poncho_cat_dog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Tabby_cat" title="Tabby cat">tabby cat</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_breed" title="Mixed breed">mixed</a> <a href="/wiki/Mastiff" title="Mastiff">mastiff</a>-type <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dog</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pet-rebbit-on-Swing_(seat)-in-beijing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pet-rebbit-on-Swing_%28seat%29-in-beijing.jpg/220px-Pet-rebbit-on-Swing_%28seat%29-in-beijing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pet-rebbit-on-Swing_%28seat%29-in-beijing.jpg/330px-Pet-rebbit-on-Swing_%28seat%29-in-beijing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pet-rebbit-on-Swing_%28seat%29-in-beijing.jpg/440px-Pet-rebbit-on-Swing_%28seat%29-in-beijing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1542" data-file-height="1686" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Netherland_Dwarf_rabbit" title="Netherland Dwarf rabbit">Netherland Dwarf rabbit</a> on a swing</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>pet</b>, or <b>companion animal</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animal</a> kept primarily for a person's company or entertainment rather than as a <a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">working animal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Laboratory_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Laboratory animal">laboratory animal</a>. Popular pets are often considered to have attractive/<a href="/wiki/Cuteness" title="Cuteness">cute</a> appearances, <a href="/wiki/Animal_cognition" title="Animal cognition">intelligence</a>, and relatable personalities, but some pets may be taken in on an <a href="/wiki/Altruistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Altruistic">altruistic</a> basis (such as a stray animal) and accepted by the owner regardless of these characteristics. </p><p>Two of the most popular pets are <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dogs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cats</a>. Other animals commonly kept include <a href="/wiki/House_rabbit" class="mw-redirect" title="House rabbit">rabbits</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">ferrets</a>; <a href="/wiki/Domestic_pig" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic pig">pigs</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodents</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Gerbil" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerbil">gerbils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamster" title="Hamster">hamsters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinchilla" title="Chinchilla">chinchillas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rats" class="mw-redirect" title="Rats">rats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mice" class="mw-redirect" title="Mice">mice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">guinea pigs</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Parrot" title="Parrot">parrots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">passerines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fowl" title="Fowl">fowls</a>; <a href="/wiki/Reptiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptiles">reptiles</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">turtles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lizard" title="Lizard">lizards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snake" title="Snake">snakes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iguana" title="Iguana">iguanas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Aquarium" title="Aquarium">aquatic pets</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freshwater_snail" title="Freshwater snail">freshwater snails</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sea_snail" title="Sea snail">saltwater</a> snails; <a href="/wiki/Amphibians" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibians">amphibians</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">frogs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salamanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Salamanders">salamanders</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">arthropod</a> pets such as <a href="/wiki/Tarantula" title="Tarantula">tarantulas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hermit_crab" title="Hermit crab">hermit crabs</a>. Smaller pets include <a href="/wiki/Rodents_as_pets" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodents as pets">rodents</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Equine" class="mw-redirect" title="Equine">equine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bovine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bovine">bovine</a> group include the largest companion animals. </p><p>Pets provide their owners, or guardians,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both physical and emotional benefits. Walking a dog can provide both the human and the dog with exercise, fresh air, and <a href="/wiki/Social_interaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Social interaction">social interaction</a>. Pets can give companionship to people who are living alone or elderly adults who do not have adequate social interaction with other people. There is a medically approved class of <a href="/wiki/Therapy_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Therapy animals">therapy animals</a> that are brought to visit confined humans, such as <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_hospital" title="Children's hospital">children in hospitals</a> or elders in <a href="/wiki/Nursing_homes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursing homes">nursing homes</a>. Pet therapy utilizes trained animals and handlers to achieve specific physical, social, cognitive, or emotional goals with patients. </p><p>People most commonly get pets for companionship, to protect a home or property, or because of the perceived beauty or attractiveness of the animals.<sup id="cite_ref-leslie_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leslie-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1994 Canadian study found that the most common reasons for not owning a pet were lack of ability to care for the pet when traveling (34.6%), lack of time (28.6%), and lack of suitable housing (28.3%), with dislike of pets being less common (19.6%).<sup id="cite_ref-leslie_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leslie-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholars">scholars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethicist">ethicists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal rights organizations">animal rights organizations</a> have raised concerns over keeping pets because of the lack of autonomy and the objectification of <a href="/wiki/Non-human" title="Non-human">non-human</a> animals.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pet_popularity">Pet popularity</h2></div> <p>In China, spending on domestic animals has grown from an estimated $3.12 billion in 2010 to $25 billion in 2018. The Chinese people own 51 million dogs and 41 million cats, with pet owners often preferring to source pet food internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a total of 755 million pets, increased from 389 million in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a survey promoted by Italian family associations in 2009, it is estimated that there are approximately 45 million pets in Italy. This includes 7 million dogs, 7.5 million cats, 16 million fish, 12 million birds, and 10 million snakes.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2007 survey by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">University of Bristol</a> found that 26% of UK households owned cats and 31% owned dogs, estimating total domestic populations of approximately 10.3 million cats and 10.5 million dogs in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The survey also found that 47.2% of households with a cat had at least one person educated to degree level, compared with 38.4% of homes with dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are approximately 86.4 million pet cats and approximately 78.2 million pet dogs in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-shea-online.org_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shea-online.org-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Humane_Society_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humane_Society-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a United States 2007–2008 survey showed that dog-owning households outnumbered those owning cats, but that the total number of pet cats was higher than that of dogs. The same was true for 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, pets outnumbered <a href="/wiki/Children" class="mw-redirect" title="Children">children</a> four to one in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:97%; text-align:right;"> <caption>Most popular pets in the U.S. (millions)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Pet </th> <th>Global population </th> <th>U.S. population </th> <th>U.S. inhabited households </th> <th>U.S. average per inhabited household </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Cat </td> <td>202 </td> <td>93.6 </td> <td>38.2 </td> <td>2.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Dog </td> <td>171 </td> <td>77.5 </td> <td>45.6 </td> <td>1.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Fish </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>171.7 </td> <td>13.3 </td> <td>12.86 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Small mammals </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>15.9 </td> <td>5.3 </td> <td>3.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Birds </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>15.0 </td> <td>6.0 </td> <td>2.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Reptiles & amphibians </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>13.6 </td> <td>4.7 </td> <td>2.89 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Equine </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>13.3 </td> <td>3.9 </td> <td>3.41 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects_on_pets'_health"><span id="Effects_on_pets.27_health"></span>Effects on pets' health</h2></div> <p>Keeping animals as pets may be detrimental to their health if certain requirements are not met. An important issue is inappropriate feeding, which may produce clinical effects. The consumption of <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a> or grapes by dogs, for example, may prove fatal. Certain species of <a href="/wiki/Houseplant" title="Houseplant">houseplants</a> can also prove toxic if consumed by pets. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Philodendron" title="Philodendron">philodendrons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lilium_longiflorum" title="Lilium longiflorum">Easter lilies</a>, which can cause severe kidney damage to cats,<sup id="cite_ref-CFA_plants_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFA_plants-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Langston_2002_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langston_2002-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Poinsettias" class="mw-redirect" title="Poinsettias">poinsettias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Begonia" title="Begonia">begonia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aloe_vera" title="Aloe vera">aloe vera</a>, which are mildly toxic to dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-Sunset_Plants_Poisonous_to_Dogs_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sunset_Plants_Poisonous_to_Dogs-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For birds, chocolate can be deadly, and foods intended for human consumption, such as bread, crackers, and dairy items, can potentially cause health problems.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Housepets, particularly dogs and cats in <a href="/wiki/Industrialisation" title="Industrialisation">industrialized</a> societies, are highly susceptible to <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>. Overweight pets have been shown to be at a higher risk of developing diabetes, liver problems, joint pain, kidney failure, and cancer. Lack of exercise and high-caloric diets are considered to be the primary contributors to pet obesity.<sup id="cite_ref-ASPCA_Overweight_Dogs_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASPCA_Overweight_Dogs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ASPCA_Overweight_Cats_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASPCA_Overweight_Cats-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HuffPost_Obesity_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HuffPost_Obesity-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects_of_pets_on_their_caregivers'_health"><span id="Effects_of_pets_on_their_caregivers.27_health"></span>Effects of pets on their caregivers' health</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petite_Panoply-_Riker_jumping_up_(20722525760).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Petite_Panoply-_Riker_jumping_up_%2820722525760%29.jpg/220px-Petite_Panoply-_Riker_jumping_up_%2820722525760%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Petite_Panoply-_Riker_jumping_up_%2820722525760%29.jpg/330px-Petite_Panoply-_Riker_jumping_up_%2820722525760%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Petite_Panoply-_Riker_jumping_up_%2820722525760%29.jpg/440px-Petite_Panoply-_Riker_jumping_up_%2820722525760%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="618" /></a><figcaption>A couple with their pet dog</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jogging_with_dog_at_Carcavelos_Beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Jogging_with_dog_at_Carcavelos_Beach.jpg/220px-Jogging_with_dog_at_Carcavelos_Beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Jogging_with_dog_at_Carcavelos_Beach.jpg/330px-Jogging_with_dog_at_Carcavelos_Beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Jogging_with_dog_at_Carcavelos_Beach.jpg/440px-Jogging_with_dog_at_Carcavelos_Beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Woman jogging with a dog at <a href="/wiki/Carcavelos" title="Carcavelos">Carcavelos</a> beach, Portugal</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_benefits">Health benefits</h3></div> <p>It is widely believed among the public, and among many scientists, that pets probably bring mental and physical health benefits to their owners;<sup id="cite_ref-philly_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philly-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a 1987 NIH statement cautiously argued that existing data was "suggestive" of a significant benefit.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Health_Benefits_of_Pets_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Health_Benefits_of_Pets-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A recent dissent comes from a 2017 <a href="/wiki/RAND" class="mw-redirect" title="RAND">RAND</a> study, which found that at least in the case of children, having a pet <i>per se</i> failed to improve physical or mental health by a statistically significant amount; instead, the study found children who were already prone to being healthy were more likely to get pets in the first place.<sup id="cite_ref-philly_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philly-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rand_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rand-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conducting long-term randomized trials to settle the issue would be costly or infeasible.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Health_Benefits_of_Pets_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Health_Benefits_of_Pets-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rand_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rand-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Observed_correlations">Observed correlations</h4></div> <p>Pets might have the ability to stimulate their caregivers, in particular the elderly, giving people someone to take care of, someone to exercise with, and someone to help them heal from a physically or psychologically troubled past.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Health_Benefits_of_Pets_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Health_Benefits_of_Pets-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reiman_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reiman-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whiteley1986_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whiteley1986-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Animal company can also help people to preserve acceptable levels of happiness despite the presence of mood symptoms like anxiety or depression.<sup id="cite_ref-BosPrSWB_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BosPrSWB-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having a pet may also help people achieve health goals, such as lowered blood pressure, or mental goals, such as decreased stress.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is evidence that having a pet can help a person lead a longer, healthier life. In a 1986 study of 92 people hospitalized for coronary ailments, within a year, 11 of the 29 patients without pets had died, compared to only 3 of the 52 patients who had pets.<sup id="cite_ref-Whiteley1986_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whiteley1986-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having pet(s) was shown to significantly reduce triglycerides, and thus heart disease risk, in the elderly.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study by the National Institute of Health found that people who owned dogs were less likely to die as a result of a heart attack than those who did not own one.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is some evidence that pets may have a therapeutic effect in dementia cases.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other studies have shown that for the elderly, good health may be a requirement for having a pet, and not a result.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dogs trained to be <a href="/wiki/Guide_dog" title="Guide dog">guide dogs</a> can help people with vision impairment. Dogs trained in the field of <a href="/wiki/Animal-Assisted_Therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal-Assisted Therapy">Animal-Assisted Therapy</a> (AAT) can also benefit people with other disabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Health_Benefits_of_Pets_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Health_Benefits_of_Pets-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pets_in_long-term_care_institutions">Pets in long-term care institutions</h3></div> <p>People residing in a long-term care facility, such as a hospice or nursing home, may experience health benefits from pets. Pets help them to cope with the emotional issues related to their illness. They also offer physical contact with another living creature, something that is often missing in an elder's life.<sup id="cite_ref-shea-online.org_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shea-online.org-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pets for nursing homes are chosen based on the size of the pet, the amount of care that the breed needs, and the population and size of the care institution.<sup id="cite_ref-Whiteley1986_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whiteley1986-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Appropriate pets go through a screening process and, if it is a dog, additional training programs to become a <a href="/wiki/Therapy_dog" title="Therapy dog">therapy dog</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are three types of therapy dogs: facility therapy dogs, animal-assisted therapy dogs, and therapeutic visitation dogs. The most common therapy dogs are therapeutic visitation dogs. These dogs are household pets whose handlers take time to visit hospitals, nursing homes, detention facilities, and rehabilitation facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-Reiman_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reiman-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different pets require varying amounts of attention and care; for example, cats may have lower maintenance requirements than dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connection_with_community">Connection with community</h3></div> <p>In addition to providing health benefits for their owners, pets also impact the social lives of their owners and their connection to their community. There is some evidence that pets can facilitate social interaction.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Colorado at Boulder, Leslie Irvine has focused her attention on pets of the homeless population. Her studies of <a href="/wiki/Pet_ownership_among_the_homeless" class="mw-redirect" title="Pet ownership among the homeless">pet ownership among the homeless</a> found that many modify their life activities for fear of losing their pets. Pet ownership prompts them to act responsibly, with many making a deliberate choice not to drink or use drugs, and to avoid contact with substance abusers or those involved in any criminal activity for fear of being separated from their pet. Additionally, many refuse to house in shelters if their pet is not allowed to stay with them.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_risks">Health risks</h3></div> <p>Health risks that are associated with pets include: </p> <ul><li>Aggravation of <a href="/wiki/Allergy" title="Allergy">allergies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a> caused by <a href="/wiki/Dander" title="Dander">dander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">fur</a> or <a href="/wiki/Feather" title="Feather">feathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falling_(accident)" title="Falling (accident)">Falling injuries</a>. Tripping over pets, especially dogs causes more than 86,000 falls serious enough to prompt a trip to the emergency room each year in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among elderly and disabled people, these falls have resulted in life-threatening injuries and broken bones.</li> <li>Injury, mauling, and sometimes death caused by pet bites and attacks</li> <li>Disease or parasites due to animal hygiene problems, lack of appropriate treatment, and undisciplined behavior (feces and urine)</li> <li>Stress caused by the behavior of animals</li> <li>Anxiety over who will care for the animal should the owner no longer be able to do so</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislation">Legislation</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treaties">Treaties</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Pet_Animals_participation_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Pet_Animals_participation_map.svg/350px-European_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Pet_Animals_participation_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Pet_Animals_participation_map.svg/525px-European_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Pet_Animals_participation_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Pet_Animals_participation_map.svg/700px-European_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Pet_Animals_participation_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:right;font-size:105%;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Pet_Animals" title="Template:European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:European_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Pet_Animals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Pet_Animals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; font-size:105%;padding-bottom:0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"><b><a href="/wiki/European_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Pet_Animals" title="European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals">European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals</a></b></div> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="padding:0.8em 0.3em 0.3em;line-height:1.2em;;width:6%; padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00AA00; color:black;"> </span> </div></td><td style="padding:0.8em 0.3em 0.3em;line-height:1.2em;;width:48%;padding:0.2em 1.0em 0.3em 0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"> Signed and ratified</td><td style="padding:0.8em 0.3em 0.3em;line-height:1.2em;;width:6%; padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;"> </span> </div></td><td style="padding:0.8em 0.3em 0.3em;line-height:1.2em;;width:40%;padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"> Acceded or succeeded</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:6%; padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EEEE00; color:black;"> </span> </div></td><td style="width:48%;padding:0.2em 1.0em 0.3em 0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"> Only signed</td><td style="width:6%; padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF1111; color:black;"> </span> </div></td><td style="width:40%;padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"> Not signed (CoE member states)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:6%; padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; color:black;"> </span> </div></td><td style="width:48%;padding:0.2em 1.0em 0.3em 0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"> Not signed (non-CoE member states)</td><td style="width:6%; padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"></td><td style="width:40%;padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr></tbody></table> </figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Pet_Animals" title="European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals">European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals</a> is a 1987 treaty of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> – but accession to the treaty is open to all states in the world – to promote the welfare of pet animals and ensure minimum standards for their treatment and protection. It went into effect on 1 May 1992, and as of June 2020, it has been ratified by 24 states.<sup id="cite_ref-ETS_No.125_list_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ETS_No.125_list-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_and_local_laws">National and local laws</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ownership_or_guardianship">Ownership or guardianship</h4></div> <p>Pets have commonly been considered <a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">private property</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ownership" title="Ownership">owned</a> by <a href="/wiki/Personhood" title="Personhood">individual persons</a>. Many <a href="/wiki/Animal_protectionism" title="Animal protectionism">legal protections</a> have existed (historically and today) with the intention of safeguarding pets' and other animals' well-being.<sup id="cite_ref-Garner_2010_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garner_2010-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Francione_1996_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francione_1996-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Francione_1995_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francione_1995-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Garner_2005_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garner_2005-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the year 2000, a small but increasing number of jurisdictions in North America have enacted laws redefining pet's <i>owners</i> as <i>guardians</i>. Intentions have been characterized as simply <a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">changing attitudes and perceptions</a> but not legal consequences to working toward <a href="/wiki/Non-human_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-human animals">legal personhood</a> for pets themselves. Some <a href="/wiki/Veterinarian" title="Veterinarian">veterinarians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Breeder" title="Breeder">breeders</a> have opposed these moves. The question of pets' legal status can arise with concern to <a href="/wiki/Pet_adoption" title="Pet adoption">purchase or adoption</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legal_custody" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal custody">custody</a>, <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">estate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">inheritance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Personal_injury" title="Personal injury">injury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Property_damage" title="Property damage">damage</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_physician#Veterinary_malpractice" class="mw-redirect" title="Veterinary physician">veterinary malpractice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_Campaign_Communities_List_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_Campaign_Communities_List-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nolen_2005_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nolen_2005-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chapman_2005_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chapman_2005-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Katz_2004_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katz_2004-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Limitations_on_species">Limitations on species</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Exotic_pet#Legality" title="Exotic pet">Exotic pet § Legality</a></div> <p>States, cities, and towns in <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western countries</a> commonly enact local ordinances to limit the number or kind of pets a person may keep personally or for business purposes. Prohibited pets may be specific to <a href="/wiki/Breed-specific_legislation" title="Breed-specific legislation">certain breeds</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Pit_bull" title="Pit bull">pit bulls</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rottweiler" title="Rottweiler">Rottweilers</a>, they may apply to general categories of animals (such as <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exotic_pet" title="Exotic pet">exotic animals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wildlife" title="Wildlife">wild animals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canid_hybrid" title="Canid hybrid">canid</a> or <a href="/wiki/Felid_hybrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Felid hybrid">felid</a> hybrids), or they may simply be based on the animal's size. Additional or different maintenance rules and regulations may also apply. <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">Condominium</a> associations and owners of <a href="/wiki/Lease" title="Lease">rental properties</a> also commonly limit or forbid tenants' keeping of pets.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, the government publishes <a href="/wiki/Whitelisting" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitelisting">white lists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blacklisting" title="Blacklisting">black lists</a> (called 'positive' and 'negative lists') with animal species that are designated to be appropriate to be kept as pets (positive) or not (negative). The Dutch <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy">Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy</a> originally established its first positive list (<i>positieflijst</i>) per 1 February 2015 for a set of 100 mammals (including cats, dogs and <a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">production animals</a>) deemed appropriate as pets on the recommendations of <a href="/wiki/Wageningen_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Wageningen University">Wageningen University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parliamentary debates about such a pet list date back to the 1980s, with continuous disagreements about which species should be included and how the law should be enforced.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2017, the white list was expanded to 123 species, while the black list that had been set up was expanded (with animals like the <a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">brown bear</a> and two great <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">kangaroo</a> species) to contain 153 species unfit for petting, such as the <a href="/wiki/Armadillo" title="Armadillo">armadillo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sloth" title="Sloth">sloth</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_hare" title="European hare">European hare</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Killing_and_eating_pets">Killing and eating pets</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat meat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dog_meat" title="Dog meat">Dog meat</a></div> <p>In January 2011, the Belgian <a href="/wiki/Federal_Agency_for_the_Safety_of_the_Food_Chain" title="Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain">Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain</a> stated that people are not allowed to kill miscellaneous or unknown cats walking in their garden, but "nowhere in the law does it say that you can't eat your cat, dog, rabbit, fish or whatever. You just have to kill them in an animal-friendly way."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1 July 2014, it is illegal in the Netherlands for owners to kill their own cats and dogs kept as pets. Parakeets, guinea pigs, hamsters and other animals may still be killed by their owners, but nonetheless when owners mistreat their companion animals (for example, in the process of killing them), the owners can still be prosecuted under Dutch law.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_impact">Environmental impact</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies largely or entirely upon a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Pet##" title="Talk:Pet">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pet&action=edit">improve this article</a> by introducing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> to additional sources at this section.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Pets have a considerable environmental impact, especially in countries where they are common or held in high densities. For instance, the 163 million dogs and cats kept in the United States consume about 20% of the amount of dietary energy that humans do and an estimated 33% of the animal-derived energy.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They produce about 30% ± 13%, by mass, as much feces as Americans, and through their diet, constitute about 25–30% of the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_meat_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of meat production">environmental impacts from animal production</a> in terms of the use of land, water, fossil fuel, phosphate, and biocides. Dog and cat animal product consumption is responsible for the release of up to 64 ± 16 million tons CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent methane and <a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">nitrous oxide</a>, two powerful <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gasses</a>. Americans are the largest pet owners in the world, but pet ownership in the US has considerable environmental costs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Holland_lop.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rabbit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Holland_lop.JPG/128px-Holland_lop.JPG" decoding="async" width="128" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Holland_lop.JPG/192px-Holland_lop.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Holland_lop.JPG/256px-Holland_lop.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2477" data-file-height="1657" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:88px;max-width:88px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Labradour-jaji-happydog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Labrador Retriever dog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Labradour-jaji-happydog.jpg/86px-Labradour-jaji-happydog.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Labradour-jaji-happydog.jpg/129px-Labradour-jaji-happydog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Labradour-jaji-happydog.jpg/172px-Labradour-jaji-happydog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="272" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:107px;max-width:107px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:144px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dennis_the_pet_pig_sings,_cropped_version.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mini pig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dennis_the_pet_pig_sings%2C_cropped_version.jpg/105px-Dennis_the_pet_pig_sings%2C_cropped_version.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dennis_the_pet_pig_sings%2C_cropped_version.jpg/158px-Dennis_the_pet_pig_sings%2C_cropped_version.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dennis_the_pet_pig_sings%2C_cropped_version.jpg/210px-Dennis_the_pet_pig_sings%2C_cropped_version.jpg 2x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="498" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:111px;max-width:111px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:144px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cocoa_the_Hedgehog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hedgehog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Cocoa_the_Hedgehog.jpg/109px-Cocoa_the_Hedgehog.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Cocoa_the_Hedgehog.jpg/164px-Cocoa_the_Hedgehog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Cocoa_the_Hedgehog.jpg/218px-Cocoa_the_Hedgehog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals">Mammals</a> as pets. Clockwise: Rabbit, dog, hedgehog, mini pig.</div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:106px;max-width:106px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:77px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ripley%27s_Aquarium_of_Canada,_Toronto,_Ontario_(29969189246).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Aquarium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Ripley%27s_Aquarium_of_Canada%2C_Toronto%2C_Ontario_%2829969189246%29.jpg/104px-Ripley%27s_Aquarium_of_Canada%2C_Toronto%2C_Ontario_%2829969189246%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Ripley%27s_Aquarium_of_Canada%2C_Toronto%2C_Ontario_%2829969189246%29.jpg/156px-Ripley%27s_Aquarium_of_Canada%2C_Toronto%2C_Ontario_%2829969189246%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Ripley%27s_Aquarium_of_Canada%2C_Toronto%2C_Ontario_%2829969189246%29.jpg/208px-Ripley%27s_Aquarium_of_Canada%2C_Toronto%2C_Ontario_%2829969189246%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:77px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Erythrura_gouldiae_-four_in_cage-8a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Birds in cage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Erythrura_gouldiae_-four_in_cage-8a.jpg/110px-Erythrura_gouldiae_-four_in_cage-8a.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Erythrura_gouldiae_-four_in_cage-8a.jpg/165px-Erythrura_gouldiae_-four_in_cage-8a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Erythrura_gouldiae_-four_in_cage-8a.jpg/220px-Erythrura_gouldiae_-four_in_cage-8a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2120" data-file-height="1496" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:79px;max-width:79px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:77px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Formicarium_with_ytongNest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ant farm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Formicarium_with_ytongNest.jpg/77px-Formicarium_with_ytongNest.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Formicarium_with_ytongNest.jpg/116px-Formicarium_with_ytongNest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Formicarium_with_ytongNest.jpg/154px-Formicarium_with_ytongNest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="966" data-file-height="972" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:77px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Butter_champagne_ball_python_at_Pinellas_County_Reptiles,_Aug_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Snake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Butter_champagne_ball_python_at_Pinellas_County_Reptiles%2C_Aug_2020.jpg/137px-Butter_champagne_ball_python_at_Pinellas_County_Reptiles%2C_Aug_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Butter_champagne_ball_python_at_Pinellas_County_Reptiles%2C_Aug_2020.jpg/206px-Butter_champagne_ball_python_at_Pinellas_County_Reptiles%2C_Aug_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Butter_champagne_ball_python_at_Pinellas_County_Reptiles%2C_Aug_2020.jpg/274px-Butter_champagne_ball_python_at_Pinellas_County_Reptiles%2C_Aug_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2340" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">Other species kept as pets. Clockwise: fish aquarium, <a href="/wiki/Gouldian_finch" title="Gouldian finch">gouldian finches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ball_python" title="Ball python">ball python</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant" title="Ant">ants</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Ant_farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ant farm">ant farm</a>.</div></div></div></div> <p>While many people have kept many different species of animals in captivity over the course of human history, only a relative few have been kept long enough to be considered <a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">domesticated</a>. Other types of animal, notably <a href="/wiki/Monkey" title="Monkey">monkeys</a>, have never been domesticated but are still sold and kept as pets. Some wild animals are kept as pets, such as tigers, even though this is illegal. There is a market for illegal pets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domesticated">Domesticated</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Domesticated" class="mw-redirect" title="Domesticated">Domesticated</a> pets are the most common. A <i>domesticated animal</i> is a species that has been made fit for a human environment,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by being consistently kept in captivity and <a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">selectively bred</a> over a long enough period of time that it exhibits marked differences in behavior and appearance from its wild relatives. Domestication contrasts with <a href="/wiki/Tame_animal" title="Tame animal">taming</a>, which is simply when an un-domesticated, wild animal has become tolerant of human presence, and perhaps even enjoys it. </p><p>Large <a href="/wiki/Mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals">mammals</a> that might be kept as pets include <a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">alpaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">donkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">llama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domestic_pig" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic pig">pig</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a>. Small mammals that might be kept as pets include: <a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">ferret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domesticated_hedgehog" title="Domesticated hedgehog">hedgehog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domestic_rabbit" title="Domestic rabbit">rabbit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar_glider" title="Sugar glider">sugar glider</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rodents_as_pets" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodents as pets">rodents</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Fancy_rat" title="Fancy rat">rat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fancy_mouse" title="Fancy mouse">mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamster" title="Hamster">hamster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">guinea pig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerbil" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerbil">gerbil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chinchilla" title="Chinchilla">chinchilla</a>. Other mammals include <a href="/wiki/Domestic_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic cat">cat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pet_monkey" title="Pet monkey">monkey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Domesticated_silver_fox" title="Domesticated silver fox">domesticated silver fox</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Birds" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds">Birds</a> kept as pets include <a href="/wiki/Companion_parrots" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion parrots">companion parrots</a> like the <a href="/wiki/Budgerigar" title="Budgerigar">budgie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cockatiel" title="Cockatiel">cockatiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fowl" title="Fowl">fowl</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Chickens" class="mw-redirect" title="Chickens">chickens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domestic_turkey" title="Domestic turkey">turkeys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domestic_duck" title="Domestic duck">ducks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goose" title="Goose">geese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quail" title="Quail">quail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae">columbines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">passerines</a>, namely <a href="/wiki/Finches" class="mw-redirect" title="Finches">finches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Domestic_canary" title="Domestic canary">canaries</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a> kept as pets include: <a href="/wiki/Goldfish" title="Goldfish">goldfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koi" title="Koi">koi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siamese_fighting_fish" title="Siamese fighting fish">Siamese fighting fish</a> (<a href="/wiki/Betta" title="Betta">Betta</a>), <a href="/wiki/Barb_(fish)" title="Barb (fish)">barb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guppy" title="Guppy">guppy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poecilia_sphenops" title="Poecilia sphenops">molly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_rice_fish" title="Japanese rice fish">Japanese rice fish</a> (Medaka), and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_(fish)" title="Oscar (fish)">oscar</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arthropods" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropods">Arthropods</a> kept as pets include <a href="/wiki/Bees" class="mw-redirect" title="Bees">bees</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Honey_bees" class="mw-redirect" title="Honey bees">honey bees</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stingless_bees#Bees_as_pets" class="mw-redirect" title="Stingless bees">stingless bees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombyx_mori" title="Bombyx mori">Silk moth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ant-keeping" title="Ant-keeping">ant farms</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Reptiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptiles">Reptiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amphibians" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibians">amphibians</a> kept as pets include <a href="/wiki/Snake" title="Snake">snakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">turtles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Axolotl" title="Axolotl">axolotl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">frogs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salamander" title="Salamander">salamanders</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wild_animals">Wild animals</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_Tiger,_Tiger_Temple,_Thailand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Male_Tiger%2C_Tiger_Temple%2C_Thailand.jpg/220px-Male_Tiger%2C_Tiger_Temple%2C_Thailand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Male_Tiger%2C_Tiger_Temple%2C_Thailand.jpg/330px-Male_Tiger%2C_Tiger_Temple%2C_Thailand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Male_Tiger%2C_Tiger_Temple%2C_Thailand.jpg/440px-Male_Tiger%2C_Tiger_Temple%2C_Thailand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Male Tiger, Thailand</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Exotic_pet" title="Exotic pet">Exotic pet</a></div> <p>Wild animals are kept as pets. The term <i>wild</i> in this context specifically applies to any species of animal which has not undergone a fundamental change in behavior to facilitate a close co-existence with humans. Some species may have been bred in captivity for a considerable length of time, but are still not recognized as <a href="/wiki/Domesticated" class="mw-redirect" title="Domesticated">domesticated</a>. </p><p>Generally, wild animals are recognized as not suitable to keep as pets, and this practice is completely banned in many places. In other areas, certain species are allowed to be kept, and it is usually required for the owner to obtain a permit. It is considered <a href="/wiki/Animal_cruelty" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal cruelty">animal cruelty</a> by some, as most often, wild animals require precise and constant care that is very difficult to meet in captive conditions. Many large and instinctively aggressive animals are extremely dangerous, and numerous times have they killed their handlers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3></div> <p>Archaeology suggests that human ownership of dogs as pets may date back to at least 12,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_history">Ancient history</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">Ancient Greeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> would openly grieve for the loss of a dog, evidenced by inscriptions left on tombstones commemorating their loss.<sup id="cite_ref-thed_9Tou_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thed_9Tou-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surviving epitaphs dedicated to horses are more likely to reference a gratitude for the companionship that had come from war horses rather than race horses. The latter may have chiefly been commemorated as a way to further the owner's fame and glory.<sup id="cite_ref-PodberscekPaul2005_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PodberscekPaul2005-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>, dogs and baboons were kept as pets and buried with their owners. Dogs were given names, which is significant as Egyptians considered names to have magical properties.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Victorian_era:_the_rise_of_modern_pet_keeping">Victorian era: the rise of modern pet keeping</h3></div> <p>Throughout the 17th and 18th-century pet keeping in the modern sense gradually became accepted throughout <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Britain</a>. Initially, aristocrats kept dogs for both companionship and hunting. Thus, pet keeping was a sign of elitism within society. By the 19th century, the rise of the middle class stimulated the development of pet keeping and it became inscribed within the <a href="/wiki/Bourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgeois">bourgeois</a> culture.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economy">Economy</h4></div> <p>As the popularity of pet-keeping in the modern sense rose during the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a>, animals became a fixture within urban culture as commodities and decorative objects.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pet keeping generated a commercial opportunity for entrepreneurs. By the mid-19th century, nearly twenty thousand street vendors in London dealt with live animals.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popularity of animals also developed a demand for animal goods such as accessories and guides for pet keeping. Pet care developed into a big business by the end of the nineteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Profiteers also sought out pet stealing as a means for economic gain. Utilizing the affection that owners had for their pets, professional dog stealers would capture animals and hold them for ransom.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The development of dog stealing reflects the increased value of pets. Pets gradually became defined as the property of their owners. Laws were created that punished offenders for their burglary.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Social">Social</h4></div> <p>Pets and animals also had social and cultural implications throughout the nineteenth century. The categorization of dogs by their breeds reflected the hierarchical, social order of the Victorian era. The <a href="/wiki/Pedigree_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedigree (dog)">pedigree</a> of a dog represented the high status and lineage of their owners and reinforced social stratification.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Middle-class owners valued the ability to associate with the upper-class through ownership of their pets. The ability to care for a pet signified respectability and the capability to be self-sufficient.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Harriet Ritvo, the identification of "elite animal and elite owner was not a confirmation of the owner's status but a way of redefining it."<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Entertainment">Entertainment</h4></div> <p>The popularity of dog and pet keeping generated <a href="/wiki/Animal_fancy" title="Animal fancy">animal fancy</a>. Dog fanciers showed enthusiasm for owning pets, breeding dogs, and showing dogs in various shows. The first <a href="/wiki/Conformation_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Conformation show">dog show</a> took place on 28 June 1859 in Newcastle and focused mostly on sporting and hunting dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, pet owners produced an eagerness to demonstrate their pets as well as have an outlet to compete.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, pet animals gradually were included within dog shows. The first large show, which would host one thousand entries, took place in Chelsea in 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Kennel_club" title="Kennel club">Kennel Club</a> was created in 1873 to ensure fairness and organization within dog shows. The development of the <i><a href="/wiki/Stud_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Stud book">Stud Book</a></i> by the Kennel Club defined policies, presented a national registry system of purebred dogs, and essentially institutionalized dog shows.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pet_ownership_by_non-humans">Pet ownership by non-humans</h2></div> <p>Pet ownership by animals in the wild, as an analogue to the human phenomenon, has not been observed and is likely non-existent in nature.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One group of <a href="/wiki/Capuchin_monkeys" class="mw-redirect" title="Capuchin monkeys">capuchin monkeys</a> was observed appearing to care for a <a href="/wiki/Marmoset" title="Marmoset">marmoset</a>, a fellow <a href="/wiki/New_World_monkey" title="New World monkey">New World monkey</a> species; however, observations of <a href="/wiki/Chimpanzees" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimpanzees">chimpanzees</a> apparently "playing" with small animals like <a href="/wiki/Hyraxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyraxes">hyraxes</a> have ended with the chimpanzees killing the animals and tossing the corpses around.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2010 study states that human relationships with animals have an exclusive human cognitive component and that pet-keeping is a fundamental and ancient attribute of the human species. <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Anthropomorphism</a>, or the projection of human feelings, thoughts and attributes on to animals, is a defining feature of human pet-keeping. The study identifies it as the same trait in evolution responsible for <a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">domestication</a> and concern for <a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">animal welfare</a>. It is estimated to have arisen at least 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Years_before_present" class="mw-redirect" title="Years before present">years before present</a> (ybp) in <i><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Homo sapiens</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is debated whether this redirection of human nurturing behaviour towards non-human animals, in the form of pet-keeping, was <a href="/wiki/Maladaptive" class="mw-redirect" title="Maladaptive">maladaptive</a>, due to being biologically costly, or whether it was <a href="/wiki/Directional_selection" title="Directional selection">positively selected</a> for.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two studies suggest that the human ability to domesticate and keep pets came from the same fundamental evolutionary trait and that this trait provided a material benefit in the form of domestication that was sufficiently <a href="/wiki/Adaptation" title="Adaptation">adaptive</a> to be positively selected for.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_81-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 300">: 300 </span></sup> A 2011 study suggests that the practical functions that some pets provide, such as <a href="/wiki/Working_animal#Hunting" title="Working animal">assisting hunting</a> or <a href="/wiki/Biological_pest_control" title="Biological pest control">removing pests</a>, could have resulted in enough evolutionary advantage to allow for the persistence of this behaviour in humans and outweigh the economic burden held by pets kept as playthings for immediate emotional rewards.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two other studies suggest that the behaviour constitutes an error, side effect or misapplication of the evolved mechanisms responsible for human empathy and <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_mind" title="Theory of mind">theory of mind</a> to cover non-human animals which has not sufficiently impacted its evolutionary advantage in the long run.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_84-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 300">: 300 </span></sup> </p><p>Animals in <a href="/wiki/Captivity_(animal)" title="Captivity (animal)">captivity</a>, with the help of caretakers, have been considered to have owned "pets". Examples of this include <a href="/wiki/Koko_the_gorilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Koko the gorilla">Koko the gorilla</a> who had several pet cats, <a href="/wiki/Tonda_(orangutan)" title="Tonda (orangutan)">Tonda the orangutan</a> and a pet cat and Tarra the elephant and a dog named Bella.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pets_in_art">Pets in art</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 106.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 104.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Katharine_of_Aragon_with_a_monkey.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Katharine of Aragon with a monkey"><img alt="Katharine of Aragon with a monkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Katharine_of_Aragon_with_a_monkey.jpg/157px-Katharine_of_Aragon_with_a_monkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Katharine_of_Aragon_with_a_monkey.jpg/236px-Katharine_of_Aragon_with_a_monkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Katharine_of_Aragon_with_a_monkey.jpg/314px-Katharine_of_Aragon_with_a_monkey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="992" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 85px"><div class="gallerytext">Katharine of Aragon with a monkey</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 109.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 107.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard_-_The_Girl_with_the_Marmot_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Girl with the Marmot by Jean-Honoré Fragonard"><img alt="The Girl with the Marmot by Jean-Honoré Fragonard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard_-_The_Girl_with_the_Marmot_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/161px-Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard_-_The_Girl_with_the_Marmot_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard_-_The_Girl_with_the_Marmot_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/242px-Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard_-_The_Girl_with_the_Marmot_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard_-_The_Girl_with_the_Marmot_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/322px-Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard_-_The_Girl_with_the_Marmot_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2953" data-file-height="3581" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 88px"><div class="gallerytext"> The Girl with the Marmot by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard" title="Jean-Honoré Fragonard">Jean-Honoré Fragonard</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 91.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 89.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dubufe_Un_regal_pour_son_animal_de_compagnie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dubufe_Un_regal_pour_son_animal_de_compagnie.jpg/134px-Dubufe_Un_regal_pour_son_animal_de_compagnie.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dubufe_Un_regal_pour_son_animal_de_compagnie.jpg/201px-Dubufe_Un_regal_pour_son_animal_de_compagnie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dubufe_Un_regal_pour_son_animal_de_compagnie.jpg/267px-Dubufe_Un_regal_pour_son_animal_de_compagnie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89douard_Manet_-_Young_Lady_in_1866_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="- Young Lady with parrot by Édouard Manet 1866"><img alt="- Young Lady with parrot by Édouard Manet 1866" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%C3%89douard_Manet_-_Young_Lady_in_1866_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/135px-%C3%89douard_Manet_-_Young_Lady_in_1866_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%C3%89douard_Manet_-_Young_Lady_in_1866_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/202px-%C3%89douard_Manet_-_Young_Lady_in_1866_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%C3%89douard_Manet_-_Young_Lady_in_1866_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/269px-%C3%89douard_Manet_-_Young_Lady_in_1866_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2704" data-file-height="3912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 70px"><div class="gallerytext"> - Young Lady with parrot by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a> 1866</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 101.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 99.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antoinette_Metayer_(1732-88)._Oudste_zuster_van_Louis_Metayer_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-2140.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Antoinette Metayer (1732–88) and her pet dog"><img alt="Antoinette Metayer (1732–88) and her pet dog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Antoinette_Metayer_%281732-88%29._Oudste_zuster_van_Louis_Metayer_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-2140.jpeg/149px-Antoinette_Metayer_%281732-88%29._Oudste_zuster_van_Louis_Metayer_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-2140.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Antoinette_Metayer_%281732-88%29._Oudste_zuster_van_Louis_Metayer_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-2140.jpeg/223px-Antoinette_Metayer_%281732-88%29._Oudste_zuster_van_Louis_Metayer_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-2140.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Antoinette_Metayer_%281732-88%29._Oudste_zuster_van_Louis_Metayer_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-2140.jpeg/298px-Antoinette_Metayer_%281732-88%29._Oudste_zuster_van_Louis_Metayer_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-2140.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4234" data-file-height="5548" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 80px"><div class="gallerytext">Antoinette Metayer (1732–88) and her pet dog</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lady_with_an_Ermine_-_Leonardo_da_Vinci_(adjusted_levels).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Lady with an Ermine"><img alt="The Lady with an Ermine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Lady_with_an_Ermine_-_Leonardo_da_Vinci_%28adjusted_levels%29.jpg/145px-Lady_with_an_Ermine_-_Leonardo_da_Vinci_%28adjusted_levels%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Lady_with_an_Ermine_-_Leonardo_da_Vinci_%28adjusted_levels%29.jpg/218px-Lady_with_an_Ermine_-_Leonardo_da_Vinci_%28adjusted_levels%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Lady_with_an_Ermine_-_Leonardo_da_Vinci_%28adjusted_levels%29.jpg/290px-Lady_with_an_Ermine_-_Leonardo_da_Vinci_%28adjusted_levels%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2754" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 77px"><div class="gallerytext">The Lady with an Ermine</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 101.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 99.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Henry_Raeburn_-_Boy_and_Rabbit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sir Henry Raeburn - Boy and Rabbit"><img alt="Sir Henry Raeburn - Boy and Rabbit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sir_Henry_Raeburn_-_Boy_and_Rabbit.jpg/149px-Sir_Henry_Raeburn_-_Boy_and_Rabbit.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sir_Henry_Raeburn_-_Boy_and_Rabbit.jpg/225px-Sir_Henry_Raeburn_-_Boy_and_Rabbit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sir_Henry_Raeburn_-_Boy_and_Rabbit.jpg/299px-Sir_Henry_Raeburn_-_Boy_and_Rabbit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1534" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 80px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Raeburn" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Henry Raeburn">Sir Henry Raeburn</a> - Boy and Rabbit</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 177.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 175.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eos,_A_Favorite_Greyhound_of_Prince_Albert.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eos, A Favorite Greyhound of Prince Albert"><img alt="Eos, A Favorite Greyhound of Prince Albert" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Eos%2C_A_Favorite_Greyhound_of_Prince_Albert.jpg/263px-Eos%2C_A_Favorite_Greyhound_of_Prince_Albert.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Eos%2C_A_Favorite_Greyhound_of_Prince_Albert.jpg/395px-Eos%2C_A_Favorite_Greyhound_of_Prince_Albert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Eos%2C_A_Favorite_Greyhound_of_Prince_Albert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="344" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 156px"><div class="gallerytext"> Eos, A Favorite Greyhound of Prince Albert</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 108.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 106.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Massimo_Stanzione_-_Woman_in_Neapolitan_Costume.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Neapolitan Woman"><img alt="A Neapolitan Woman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Massimo_Stanzione_-_Woman_in_Neapolitan_Costume.jpg/160px-Massimo_Stanzione_-_Woman_in_Neapolitan_Costume.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Massimo_Stanzione_-_Woman_in_Neapolitan_Costume.jpg/241px-Massimo_Stanzione_-_Woman_in_Neapolitan_Costume.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Massimo_Stanzione_-_Woman_in_Neapolitan_Costume.jpg/321px-Massimo_Stanzione_-_Woman_in_Neapolitan_Costume.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3871" data-file-height="4704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 87px"><div class="gallerytext">A Neapolitan Woman</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Dalby_of_York_-_Signal,_a_Grey_Arab,_with_a_Groom_in_the_Desert_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Signal, a Grey Arab, with a Groom in the Desert"><img alt="Signal, a Grey Arab, with a Groom in the Desert" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/David_Dalby_of_York_-_Signal%2C_a_Grey_Arab%2C_with_a_Groom_in_the_Desert_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/245px-David_Dalby_of_York_-_Signal%2C_a_Grey_Arab%2C_with_a_Groom_in_the_Desert_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/David_Dalby_of_York_-_Signal%2C_a_Grey_Arab%2C_with_a_Groom_in_the_Desert_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/368px-David_Dalby_of_York_-_Signal%2C_a_Grey_Arab%2C_with_a_Groom_in_the_Desert_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/David_Dalby_of_York_-_Signal%2C_a_Grey_Arab%2C_with_a_Groom_in_the_Desert_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/489px-David_Dalby_of_York_-_Signal%2C_a_Grey_Arab%2C_with_a_Groom_in_the_Desert_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3113" data-file-height="2482" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 144px"><div class="gallerytext">Signal, a Grey Arab, with a Groom in the Desert</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eduardo_Leon_Garrido._An_Elegant_Lady_with_her_Dog.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eduardo Leon Garrido. An Elegant Lady with her Dog"><img alt="Eduardo Leon Garrido. An Elegant Lady with her Dog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Eduardo_Leon_Garrido._An_Elegant_Lady_with_her_Dog.jpg/151px-Eduardo_Leon_Garrido._An_Elegant_Lady_with_her_Dog.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Eduardo_Leon_Garrido._An_Elegant_Lady_with_her_Dog.jpg/228px-Eduardo_Leon_Garrido._An_Elegant_Lady_with_her_Dog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Eduardo_Leon_Garrido._An_Elegant_Lady_with_her_Dog.jpg/303px-Eduardo_Leon_Garrido._An_Elegant_Lady_with_her_Dog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 81px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduardo_Leon_Garrido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduardo Leon Garrido (page does not exist)">Eduardo Leon Garrido</a>. An Elegant Lady with her Dog</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tissot_James_Jacques_The_Fireplace.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Fireplace depicting a Pug, James Tissot"><img alt="The Fireplace depicting a Pug, James Tissot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tissot_James_Jacques_The_Fireplace.jpg/130px-Tissot_James_Jacques_The_Fireplace.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tissot_James_Jacques_The_Fireplace.jpg/195px-Tissot_James_Jacques_The_Fireplace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tissot_James_Jacques_The_Fireplace.jpg/259px-Tissot_James_Jacques_The_Fireplace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="1085" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 67px"><div class="gallerytext"><i>The Fireplace</i> depicting a <a href="/wiki/Pug" title="Pug">Pug</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 104.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 102.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_nubian_giraffe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/The_nubian_giraffe.jpg/154px-The_nubian_giraffe.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/The_nubian_giraffe.jpg/231px-The_nubian_giraffe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/The_nubian_giraffe.jpg/308px-The_nubian_giraffe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 110px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 108px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosa_Bonheur_-_Portrait_de_Col._William_F._Cody.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rosa Bonheur - Portrait of William F. Cody"><img alt="Rosa Bonheur - Portrait of William F. Cody" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Rosa_Bonheur_-_Portrait_de_Col._William_F._Cody.jpg/162px-Rosa_Bonheur_-_Portrait_de_Col._William_F._Cody.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Rosa_Bonheur_-_Portrait_de_Col._William_F._Cody.jpg/243px-Rosa_Bonheur_-_Portrait_de_Col._William_F._Cody.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Rosa_Bonheur_-_Portrait_de_Col._William_F._Cody.jpg/324px-Rosa_Bonheur_-_Portrait_de_Col._William_F._Cody.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="3814" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 88px"><div class="gallerytext">Rosa Bonheur - Portrait of <a href="/wiki/William_F._Cody" class="mw-redirect" title="William F. Cody">William F. Cody</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boerendeel_Rijksmuseum_SK-C-540.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Boerendeel_Rijksmuseum_SK-C-540.jpeg/255px-Boerendeel_Rijksmuseum_SK-C-540.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Boerendeel_Rijksmuseum_SK-C-540.jpeg/383px-Boerendeel_Rijksmuseum_SK-C-540.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Boerendeel_Rijksmuseum_SK-C-540.jpeg/510px-Boerendeel_Rijksmuseum_SK-C-540.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3598" data-file-height="2754" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 110px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 108px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wriothesley_southampton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wriothesley_southampton.jpg/162px-Wriothesley_southampton.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wriothesley_southampton.jpg/243px-Wriothesley_southampton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wriothesley_southampton.jpg/323px-Wriothesley_southampton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1470" data-file-height="1772" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 103.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 101.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MauriceDenis-LaLegendeDeStHubert-2LeLacherDesChiens.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hunt"><img alt="Hunt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/MauriceDenis-LaLegendeDeStHubert-2LeLacherDesChiens.JPG/152px-MauriceDenis-LaLegendeDeStHubert-2LeLacherDesChiens.JPG" decoding="async" width="102" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/MauriceDenis-LaLegendeDeStHubert-2LeLacherDesChiens.JPG/228px-MauriceDenis-LaLegendeDeStHubert-2LeLacherDesChiens.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/MauriceDenis-LaLegendeDeStHubert-2LeLacherDesChiens.JPG/304px-MauriceDenis-LaLegendeDeStHubert-2LeLacherDesChiens.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 82px"><div class="gallerytext">Hunt</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Pashas_Favourite_Tiger.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Pasha's Favourite Tiger, oil painting by Rudolph Ernst"><img alt="The Pasha's Favourite Tiger, oil painting by Rudolph Ernst" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_Pashas_Favourite_Tiger.jpg/129px-The_Pashas_Favourite_Tiger.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_Pashas_Favourite_Tiger.jpg/194px-The_Pashas_Favourite_Tiger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_Pashas_Favourite_Tiger.jpg/258px-The_Pashas_Favourite_Tiger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 66px"><div class="gallerytext"><i>The Pasha's Favourite Tiger</i>, oil painting by Rudolph Ernst</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/32px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/48px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/64px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2064" data-file-height="1413" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals" title="Portal:Animals">Animals portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cat03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/28px-Cat03.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/42px-Cat03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/56px-Cat03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1598" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cats" title="Portal:Cats">Cats portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg/32px-Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg/48px-Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg/64px-Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3092" data-file-height="2085" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Dogs" title="Portal:Dogs">Dogs portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/32px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/48px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/64px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="604" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Housing" title="Portal:Housing">Housing portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li>Alternative pets: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_pet" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital pet">Digital pet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotic_pet" title="Robotic pet">Robotic pet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captivity_(animal)" title="Captivity (animal)">Animal captivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_hoarding" title="Animal hoarding">Animal hoarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthrozoology" title="Anthrozoology">Anthrozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classroom_pet" title="Classroom pet">Classroom pet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_arterial_thromboembolism" title="Feline arterial thromboembolism">Feline arterial thromboembolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_cats" title="List of individual cats">List of individual cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_dogs" title="List of individual dogs">List of individual dogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet_adoption" title="Pet adoption">Pet adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_loss" title="Animal loss">Pet loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoonosis" title="Zoonosis">Zoonosis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a832/f3be4a565534808568a4bc808d618600c4e0.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Routledge. pp. 16, 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-59838-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-59838-1"><bdi>978-1-317-59838-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Walking+Larder%3A+Patterns+of+Domestication%2C+Pastoralism%2C+and+Predation&rft.pages=16%2C+19&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-10-30&rft.isbn=978-1-317-59838-1&rft.aulast=Clutton-Brock&rft.aufirst=Juliet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHRohBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_84-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalmonShackelford2011" class="citation book cs1">Salmon, Catherine; Shackelford, Todd K. (27 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sj2Tk2k49ZcC&pg=PA299"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Family Psychology</i></a>. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539669-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539669-0"><bdi>978-0-19-539669-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Evolutionary+Family+Psychology&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2011-05-27&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539669-0&rft.aulast=Salmon&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.au=Shackelford%2C+Todd+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsj2Tk2k49ZcC%26pg%3DPA299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrayYoung2011" class="citation journal cs1">Gray, Peter B.; Young, Sharon M. (1 March 2011). "Human–Pet Dynamics in Cross-Cultural Perspective". <i>Anthrozoös</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 18, 27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2752%2F175303711X12923300467285">10.2752/175303711X12923300467285</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0892-7936">0892-7936</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144313567">144313567</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthrozo%C3%B6s&rft.atitle=Human%E2%80%93Pet+Dynamics+in+Cross-Cultural+Perspective&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=18%2C+27&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144313567%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0892-7936&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2752%2F175303711X12923300467285&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Peter+B.&rft.au=Young%2C+Sharon+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Grimm2015" class="citation book cs1">David Grimm (2015). <i>Citizen Canine: Our Evolving Relationship with Cats and Dogs</i>. PublicAffairs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61039-550-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61039-550-2"><bdi>978-1-61039-550-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citizen+Canine%3A+Our+Evolving+Relationship+with+Cats+and+Dogs&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-61039-550-2&rft.au=David+Grimm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APet" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080706101658/http://www.hsus.org/web-files/PDF/hsp/soa_ii_chap02.pdf">Companion Animal Demographics in the United States: A Historical Perspective</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101114111046/http://www.hsus.org/press_and_publications/humane_bookshelf/the_state_of_the_animals_ii_2003.html">The State of the Animals II: 2003</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Pet" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Pet">Pet</a> at Wikiquote</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/How_to_choose_your_pet_and_take_care_of_it" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:How to choose your pet and take care of it">How to choose your pet and take care of it</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pets" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pets">Pets</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/pet" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/pet">pet</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Domestic_cats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Domestic_cat" title="Template:Domestic cat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Domestic_cat" title="Template talk:Domestic cat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Domestic_cat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Domestic cat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Domestic_cats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Domestic cats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Felinology" title="Felinology">Felinology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_anatomy" title="Cat anatomy">Anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_genetics" title="Cat genetics">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_cat" title="Dwarf cat">Dwarf cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd-eyed_cat" title="Odd-eyed cat">Odd-eyed cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squitten" title="Squitten">Squitten</a></li> <li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics" title="Cat coat genetics">Coat genetics</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicolor_cat" title="Bicolor cat">Bicolor cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat">Black cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calico_cat" title="Calico cat">Calico cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabby_cat" title="Tabby cat">Tabby cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell_cat" title="Tortoiseshell cat">Tortoiseshell cat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cat_health" title="Cat health">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_in_cats" title="Aging in cats">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychectomy" title="Onychectomy">Declawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food">Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dental_health_diets_for_cats" title="Dental health diets for cats">dental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_cat_diet" title="Senior cat diet">senior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_vaccination" title="Feline vaccination">Vaccination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cat_behavior" title="Cat behavior">Behavior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%E2%80%93dog_relationship" title="Cat–dog relationship">Cat–dog relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Catfight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catnip" title="Catnip">Catnip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(herb)" title="Valerian (herb)">valerian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meow" title="Meow">Meow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">Purr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneading_(cats)" title="Kneading (cats)">Kneading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_intelligence" title="Cat intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_play_and_toys" title="Cat play and toys">Play and toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex" title="Cat righting reflex">Righting reflex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_senses" title="Cat senses">Senses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_interaction_with_cats" title="Human interaction with cats">Human–cat<br />interaction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ailurophobia" title="Ailurophobia">Ailurophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_caf%C3%A9" title="Cat café">Cat cafés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cat_killers" title="Category:Cat killers">Cat killers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_massage" title="Cat massage">Cat massage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat-scratch_disease" title="Cat-scratch disease">Cat-scratch disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_show" title="Cat show">Cat show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Cats in ancient Egypt">Cats in ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_cats" title="Cultural depictions of cats">Cultural depictions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_felines" title="List of fictional felines">fictional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_and_the_Internet" title="Cats and the Internet">Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog-like_cat" title="Dog-like cat">Dog-like cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">Feral cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_cats" title="Islam and cats">Cats and Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolcat" title="Lolcat">Lolcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cat_Day" title="National Cat Day">National Cat Day</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pet cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_cat" title="Working cat">Working cat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodega_cat" title="Bodega cat">Bodega cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_cat" title="Farm cat">Farm cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_cat" title="Library cat">Library cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_cat" title="Ship's cat">Ship's cat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_zoonosis" title="Feline zoonosis">Zoonosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cat_registry" title="Cat registry">Registries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Cat_Fanciers_Association" title="American Cat Fanciers Association">American Cat Fanciers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associazione_Nazionale_Felina_Italiana" title="Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana">Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Cat_Association" title="Canadian Cat Association">Canadian Cat Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Aficionado_Association" title="Cat Aficionado Association">Cat Aficionado Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Fanciers%27_Association" title="Cat Fanciers' Association">Cat Fanciers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_F%C3%A9line" title="Fédération Internationale Féline">Fédération Internationale Féline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governing_Council_of_the_Cat_Fancy" title="Governing Council of the Cat Fancy">Governing Council of the Cat Fancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Cat_Fancy" title="New Zealand Cat Fancy">New Zealand Cat Fancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa_Cat_Council" title="Southern Africa Cat Council">Southern Africa Cat Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association" title="The International Cat Association">The International Cat Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Cat_Congress" title="World Cat Congress">World Cat Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Cat_Federation" title="World Cat Federation">World Cat Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breeds<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds" title="List of cat breeds">full list</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_experimental_cat_breeds" title="List of experimental cat breeds">experimental</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fully<br />domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_cat" title="Abyssinian cat">Abyssinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Curl" title="American Curl">American Curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Shorthair" title="American Shorthair">American Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_cat" title="Balinese cat">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Shorthair" title="Brazilian Shorthair">Brazilian Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Shorthair" title="British Shorthair">British Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birman" title="Birman">Birman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_cat" title="Bombay cat">Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cat" title="Burmese cat">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmilla" title="Burmilla">Burmilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Spangled" title="California Spangled">California Spangled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartreux" title="Chartreux">Chartreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Li" title="Dragon Li">Chinese Li Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorpoint_Shorthair" title="Colorpoint Shorthair">Colorpoint Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Rex" title="Cornish Rex">Cornish Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymric_cat" title="Cymric cat">Cymric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Rex" title="Devon Rex">Devon Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donskoy_cat" title="Donskoy cat">Donskoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Mau" title="Egyptian Mau">Egyptian Mau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Shorthair" title="European Shorthair">European Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_Shorthair" title="Exotic Shorthair">Exotic Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldex_cat" title="Foldex cat">Foldex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Rex" title="German Rex">German Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_cat" title="Himalayan cat">Himalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Bobtail" title="Japanese Bobtail">Japanese Bobtail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_cat" title="Javanese cat">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khao_Manee" title="Khao Manee">Khao Manee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korat" title="Korat">Korat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurilian_Bobtail" title="Kurilian Bobtail">Kurilian Bobtail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lykoi" title="Lykoi">Lykoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Coon" title="Maine Coon">Maine Coon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_cat" title="Manx cat">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munchkin_cat" title="Munchkin cat">Munchkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neva_Masquerade" title="Neva Masquerade">Neva Masquerade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Forest_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Forest cat">Norwegian Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocicat" title="Ocicat">Ocicat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojos_Azules" title="Ojos Azules">Ojos Azules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Shorthair" title="Oriental Shorthair">Oriental Shorthair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_cat" title="Persian cat">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterbald" title="Peterbald">Peterbald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixie-bob" title="Pixie-bob">Pixie-bob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragdoll" title="Ragdoll">Ragdoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragamuffin_cat" title="Ragamuffin cat">Ragamuffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Blue" title="Russian Blue">Russian Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fold" title="Scottish Fold">Scottish Fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selkirk_Rex" title="Selkirk Rex">Selkirk Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamese_cat" title="Siamese cat">Siamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_cat" title="Siberian cat">Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapura_cat" title="Singapura cat">Singapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe_cat" title="Snowshoe cat">Snowshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cat" title="Somali cat">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphynx_cat" title="Sphynx cat">Sphynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cat" title="Thai cat">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Persian" title="Traditional Persian">Traditional Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkinese_cat" title="Tonkinese cat">Tonkinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyger" title="Toyger">Toyger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Angora" title="Turkish Angora">Turkish Angora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Van" title="Turkish Van">Turkish Van</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hybrid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_cat" title="Bengal cat">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chausie" title="Chausie">Chausie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlander_cat" title="Highlander cat">Highlander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_cat" title="Savannah cat">Savannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serengeti_cat" title="Serengeti cat">Serengeti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landrace" title="Landrace">Landraces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_cat" title="Aegean cat">Aegean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_cat" title="Cyprus cat">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellas_cat" title="Kellas cat">Kellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoke" title="Sokoke">Sokoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_cat" title="Van cat">Van</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_feline_diseases" title="List of feline diseases">Diseases and<br />disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feline_acne" title="Feline acne">Acne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_asthma" title="Feline asthma">Asthma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_calicivirus" title="Feline calicivirus">Calicivirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_sensorineural_deafness_in_cats" title="Congenital sensorineural deafness in cats">Congenital sensorineural deafness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_corneal_sequestrum" title="Feline corneal sequestrum">Feline corneal sequestrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_flea" title="Cat flea">Flea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coccidia" title="Coccidia">Coccidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirofilaria_immitis" title="Dirofilaria immitis">Heartworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_hepatic_lipidosis" title="Feline hepatic lipidosis">Hepatic lipidosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy#Related_disorders" title="Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus" title="Feline immunodeficiency virus">Immunodeficiency virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_infectious_peritonitis" title="Feline infectious peritonitis">Infectious peritonitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_leukemia_virus" title="Feline leukemia virus">Leukemia virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_lower_urinary_tract_disease" title="Feline lower urinary tract disease">Lower urinary tract disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnivore_protoparvovirus_1" title="Carnivore protoparvovirus 1">Panleukopenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giardiasis" title="Giardiasis">Giardiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydactyl_cat" title="Polydactyl cat">Polydactyly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabies_in_animals" title="Rabies in animals">Rabies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatophytosis" title="Dermatophytosis">Ringworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritrichomonas_foetus" title="Tritrichomonas foetus">Tritrichomonas foetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxocara_cati" title="Toxocara cati">Roundworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_skin_disorders" title="Cat skin disorders">Skin disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">Tick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis">Toxoplasmosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feline_viral_rhinotracheitis" title="Feline viral rhinotracheitis">Viral rhinotracheitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_by_country" title="Category:Cats by country">Cats by country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_Australia" title="Cats in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_Canada" title="Category:Cats in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_Japan" title="Category:Cats in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_New_Zealand" title="Cats in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Cats in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_the_United_States" title="Cats in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_cats" title="List of individual cats">List of individual cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-living_cats" title="List of longest-living cats">List of longest-living cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cat_folklore" title="Category:Cat folklore">Cats in folklore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cats" title="Category:Cats">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mammals_in_culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mammals_in_culture" title="Template:Mammals in culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mammals_in_culture" title="Template talk:Mammals in culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mammals_in_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mammals in culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mammals_in_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_uses_of_mammals" title="Human uses of mammals">Mammals in culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">Animal husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">Draft animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_farming" title="Fur farming">Fur farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_sport" title="Animals in sport">Animals in sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Laboratory animal">Laboratory animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pack_animal" title="Pack animal">Pack animal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">Equestrianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_animal" title="Service animal">Service animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal-assisted_therapy" title="Animal-assisted therapy">Animal-assisted therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">Working animal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg/100px-Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg/150px-Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg/200px-Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_uses_of_bats" title="Human uses of bats">Bats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_bears" title="Cultural depictions of bears">Bears</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bear-baiting" title="Bear-baiting">Bear-baiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_hunting" title="Bear hunting">Bear hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_bear" title="Teddy bear">Teddy bear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_cats" title="Cultural depictions of cats">Cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote_(mythology)" title="Coyote (mythology)">Coyotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_dogs" title="Cultural depictions of dogs">Dogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_in_mythology" title="Deer in mythology">Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_elephants" title="Cultural depictions of elephants">Elephants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxes_in_popular_culture,_films_and_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Foxes in popular culture, films and literature">Foxes</a></li> <li>Horses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_art" title="Horses in art">Horses in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_worship" title="Horse worship">Horse worship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguars_in_Mesoamerican_cultures" title="Jaguars in Mesoamerican cultures">Jaguars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_emblems_and_popular_culture" title="Kangaroo emblems and popular culture">Kangaroos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_koalas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural depictions of koalas">Koalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_lions" title="Cultural depictions of lions">Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigs_in_culture" title="Pigs in culture">Pigs</a></li> <li>Simians <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorillas_in_popular_culture" title="Gorillas in popular culture">Gorillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_in_Chinese_culture" title="Monkeys in Chinese culture">Monkeys in Chinese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangutans_in_popular_culture" title="Orangutans in popular culture">Orangutans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">Seal hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_spotted_hyenas" title="Cultural depictions of spotted hyenas">Spotted hyenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_tigers" title="Cultural depictions of tigers">Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_weasels" title="Cultural depictions of weasels">Weasels</a></li> <li>Whales <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">Whaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_watching" title="Whale watching">Whale watching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_worship" title="Whale worship">Whale worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcas_in_popular_culture" title="Orcas in popular culture">Orcas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolves_in_folklore,_religion_and_mythology" title="Wolves in folklore, religion and mythology">Wolves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werewolf" title="Werewolf">Werewolf</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39201#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39201#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4317292-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85100482">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Animaux familiers"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119309061">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Animaux familiers"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119309061">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560103">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="zájmová zvířata"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph119561&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Animales de compañía"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX534946">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000051294&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span 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