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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Handloom textiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handloom_textiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fairs_and_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fairs_and_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Fairs and festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fairs_and_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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Indian state of <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Bankura_district&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the Bankura district and adjoining areas, forming a part of ancient <a href="/wiki/Rarh_region" title="Rarh region">Rarh</a>, were inhabited from pre-historic times by <a href="/wiki/Proto-Australoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Australoid">Austroloid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proto-Dravidian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Dravidian">Dravidian</a> tribes who were subsequently assimilated with the people and culture of the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Indo-Europeans</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryans</a>, who prevailed in northern India, cultural traces of all these groups are visible in Bankura district to the present day.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ray_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, there were two primary groups, the <i><a href="/wiki/Nishada_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Nishada Kingdom">Nishadas</a></i> (who were Proto-Australoid tribes) and <i><a href="/wiki/Dasa" title="Dasa">Dasa-dasyus</a></i> (related to <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_peoples" title="Dravidian peoples">Dravidians</a>). Amongst the subgroups were <a href="/wiki/Bagdi_(caste)" title="Bagdi (caste)">Bagdi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bauris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bauris">Bauri</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaibartta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaibartta (page does not exist)">Jele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haris_(caste)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haris (caste)">Hari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doms" class="mw-redirect" title="Doms">Dom</a>, and others. Around three-fourths of the <a href="/wiki/Santals" class="mw-redirect" title="Santals">Santals</a> living in West Bengal, live in the Rarh region. Many of these peoples were initially martial races and were great heroes at some point of history. It is not that they form a majority in the district or region but they are substantial in numbers and probably were comparatively more numerous as a proportion of the total population in earlier days. Over the ages these people have exerted tremendous influence in shaping the folk culture of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area was widely influenced by <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shaivite" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaivite">Shaivite</a> thinking prior to the conversion of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bankura_district#Bir_Hambir" title="History of Bankura district">Bir Hambir</a> to <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a>. There were traces of Vaishnavism even in earlier days but since Bir Hambir's conversion it became the dominant influence in the region. Thus various historical factors have shaped the culture of Bankura district.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temples">Temples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Bankura_district&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Temples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shyam_Ray_Temple_(Shikhar_1)_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Shyam_Ray_Temple_%28Shikhar_1%29_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG/220px-Shyam_Ray_Temple_%28Shikhar_1%29_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Shyam_Ray_Temple_%28Shikhar_1%29_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG/330px-Shyam_Ray_Temple_%28Shikhar_1%29_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Shyam_Ray_Temple_%28Shikhar_1%29_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG/440px-Shyam_Ray_Temple_%28Shikhar_1%29_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Shyam Ray Temple, Bishnupur.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bankura district is a land of temples. There are more historical temples in <a href="/wiki/Bishnupur,_Bankura" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupur, Bankura">Bishnupur</a> than in any other place in West Bengal. There are several aspects of temple art, architecture and construction that need to be considered.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghosh4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghosh4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Almost all temples in Bishnupur town are Vaishnavite, but many of those scattered in different areas of the district spread outside the town are Shaivite, with traces of Jainism and Buddhism. While some of the older temples were built of laterite the area has numerous brick built temples, some with exquisite <a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">terracotta</a> carvings. Terracotta carvings are also found in some temples outside the district, as for example at <a href="/wiki/Jaydev_Kenduli" title="Jaydev Kenduli">Jaydev Kenduli</a> or <a href="/wiki/Antpur" title="Antpur">Antpur</a>, but the art of terracotta carvings seems to have flourished with the rise of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bankura_district#Bishnupur_kingdom" title="History of Bankura district">Rajas of Bishnupur</a> and virtually died out with the fading of their supremacy. Some of the earlier temples built by the <a href="/wiki/Bardhaman_Raj" title="Bardhaman Raj">Bardhaman Raj</a> have terracotta carvings, possibly by artisans from Bankura district, but by the time <a href="/wiki/Rani_Rashmoni" title="Rani Rashmoni">Rani Rashmoni</a> decided to construct the <a href="/wiki/Dakshineswar_Kali_Temple" title="Dakshineswar Kali Temple">Dakshineswar Kali Temple</a>, in the mid nineteenth century, the art of terracotta carvings had obviously faded out.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghosh4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghosh4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Bankura district has some fine examples of <i>rekha deul</i> temples built in what is popularly known as the <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_architecture" title="Kalinga architecture">Kalinga architecture</a> of <a href="/wiki/Orissa,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa, India">Orissa</a>, as for example at <a href="/wiki/Bahulara" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahulara">Bahulara</a>, but it is the Bengal style of architecture that attracts attention in the district. The Shyamrai temple built by <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bankura_district#Raghunath_Singh" title="History of Bankura district">Raghunath Singh</a> in 1643 is perhaps the oldest <i>pancharatna</i> temple in Bengal. With curved roofs in thatched style, it has one <i>deul</i> in the centre and one in each corner. The <i>Jor Bangla</i> temple was built in 1655 also by Raghunath Singh. It is a fine example of the Bengal style of temple architecture. Gods and goddesses were thought of as being close to human beings and as such placed in temples that resembled human habitation, the hut with thatched roof.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghosh4_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghosh4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Four distinct types of temples may be distinguished in Bishnupur. The first has a single square on a curved roof and is represented by Malleswar temple. The second has a single tower on a curved roof. The best examples of this are Madan Mohan temple in brick and in laterite Lalji and Radha Shyam temples. The <i>pancharatna</i> temple has five towers on a curved roof. The best examples are Shyam Rai temple in brick and Madan Gopal temple in laterite. The fourth type is the <i>Jor Bangla</i> type with two buildings shaped like a typical Bengal hut joined together with a small tower on top. It is the most interesting one from the architectural point of view. The Shyam Rai temple has the finest specimens of carved tiles.<sup id="cite_ref-omalley_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omalley-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It needs to be mentioned that the powerful Rajas of Bishnupur had a non-descript single storied palace, not even comparable to the Rajbaris of many a somewhat ordinary <a href="/wiki/Zamindar" title="Zamindar">zamindar</a> in Bengal. Even the fort at Bishnupur seems to have been constructed for the protection of temples.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghosh4_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghosh4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_temples_in_Bishnupur" class="mw-redirect" title="List of temples in Bishnupur">List of temples in Bishnupur</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fort_and_Rasmancha">Fort and Rasmancha</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Bankura_district&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fort and Rasmancha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rasmancha_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Rasmancha_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG/250px-Rasmancha_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Rasmancha_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG/375px-Rasmancha_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Rasmancha_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG/500px-Rasmancha_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1449" /></a><figcaption>Rasmancha</figcaption></figure> <p>The fort has a high earthen wall and a moat around it. The approach is through the <i>Pathar Darja</i>, a large laterite gateway with arrow slits. In the western part of the fort is a building with four solid walls and no entrance except from top. It has no roof. It is believed to have been a dungeon where criminals were thrown in. There are a number of cannons, including the famous <i>Dalmardan</i> (commonly pronounced <i>Dalmadal</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-omalley_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omalley-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rasmancha consists of a square chamber surrounded on each side by three galleries with ten, eight and five arched openings respectively, covered by a pyramidal roof. It was earlier used for putting up idols during the Ras festival.<sup id="cite_ref-omalley_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omalley-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Handicrafts">Handicrafts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Bankura_district&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Handicrafts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bankura_Horses_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bankura_Horses_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG/220px-Bankura_Horses_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bankura_Horses_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG/330px-Bankura_Horses_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bankura_Horses_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG/440px-Bankura_Horses_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Bankura horses</figcaption></figure> <p>Bankura district produces a number of terracotta handicrafts, the most popular being the <a href="/wiki/Bankura_horse" title="Bankura horse">Bankura horse</a>. It has been praised for "its elegant stance and unique abstraction of basic values". Originally used for village rituals, it now adorns drawing rooms across the world as symbols of Indian folk-art.<sup id="cite_ref-terracotta_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-terracotta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the logo of All India Handicrafts.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The principal centres where the terracotta horses and elephants are produced are <a href="/wiki/Panchmura" title="Panchmura">Panchmura</a>, Rajagram, Sonamukhi and Hamirpur. Each place has its local style. The Panchmura-style of pottery is considered the best and the finest of all the four types.<sup id="cite_ref-horse_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horse-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another popular product is the manasachali. The potters of Sonamukhi and Panchmura turn out thousands of manasachali for worshipping <a href="/wiki/Manasa" title="Manasa">Manasa</a> or the snake goddess.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among other forms of handicrafts prevalent in Bankura are: <a href="/wiki/Dhokra" title="Dhokra">dhokra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">wood carving</a>, conch-shell, <a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">stone carving</a>, bamboo craft, bell metal, bel mala, dasabatar playing cards, and lanterns.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Handloom_textiles">Handloom textiles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Bankura_district&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Handloom textiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most expensive <a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">saris</a> in India, called the <a href="/wiki/Baluchari_Sari" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluchari Sari">Baluchari Saris</a>, are created by craftsmen of Bishnupur. When, with the advent of the British, the Baluchari started declining in Murshidadabad, its original home, Subho Tagore, painter, art-collector and nephew of <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a>, invited Akshay Kumar Das, a master weaver of Bishnupur to learn the intricacies of <a href="/wiki/Jacquard_loom" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacquard loom">jacquard</a> weaving. The latter infused the Baluchari into the rich traditions of silk weaving at Bishnupur. The silk strands are dyed separately and then put into a loom. Designs are woven with the help of a series of punch cards that are hung from the top of the loom. Mythological stories that formed the wall sculpture in many a temple in Bishnupur, found their way on to the body of the sari. One sari may have an entire episode from the <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> woven into its border and pallu.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from Baluchari and Swarnachuri saris, which are often produced with <a href="/wiki/Tussar_Silk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tussar Silk">tussar silk</a>, the main cotton products of Bankura district are bed sheets, bed covers, <a href="/wiki/Gamchha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamchha">gamchha</a>, towels, window and door curtains, <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn"><a href="/wiki/Dhoti" title="Dhoti">kachha dhuti</a></span></span> and saris of coarser variety.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fairs_and_festivals">Fairs and festivals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Bankura_district&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fairs and festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharmarajtala_Surmanagar_Arnab_Dutta.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dharmarajtala_Surmanagar_Arnab_Dutta.JPG/220px-Dharmarajtala_Surmanagar_Arnab_Dutta.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dharmarajtala_Surmanagar_Arnab_Dutta.JPG/330px-Dharmarajtala_Surmanagar_Arnab_Dutta.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dharmarajtala_Surmanagar_Arnab_Dutta.JPG/440px-Dharmarajtala_Surmanagar_Arnab_Dutta.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Dharmarajtala, place for <a href="/wiki/Dharmathakur" title="Dharmathakur">Dharma</a> worship in a Bankura village.</figcaption></figure> <p>The fairs of Bankura are often organised in consonance with religious festivities. Examples of such fairs and festivities are <a href="/wiki/Choitro" title="Choitro">Choitro</a> <a href="/wiki/Gajan_(festival)" title="Gajan (festival)">Gajan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ekteswar" title="Ekteswar">Ekteswar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dharmathakur" title="Dharmathakur">Dharmarajer</a> Gajan of <a href="/wiki/Beliatore" title="Beliatore">Beliatore</a>. The major Hindu festivals such as <a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kali_Puja" title="Kali Puja">Kali Puja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Puja" title="Lakshmi Puja">Lakshmi Puja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Saraswati Puja</a> are celebrated with pomp and grandeur. Major festivals of other religions, such as <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eid_ul-Fitr" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid ul-Fitr">Eid ul-Fitr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a>, Budha Purnima, and <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> are also celebrated. Other important fairs and festivals are – Ras Utsab of Bishnupur, Kaliyadaman of Jagadallah and Purandarpur, Pirer Utsab of <a href="/wiki/Indas" title="Indas">Indas</a>, Basuli Mela of <a href="/wiki/Chhatna" title="Chhatna">Chhatna</a> and Dhara Utsab of <a href="/wiki/Susunia" title="Susunia">Susunia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bhadu_(festival)" title="Bhadu (festival)">Bhadu Puja</a> and Tusu Puja find wide participation of women.<sup id="cite_ref-fairs_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fairs-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jhapan festival, dedicated to the snake goddess <a href="/wiki/Manasa" title="Manasa">Manasa</a>, is observed on the last day of <a href="/wiki/Srabon" title="Srabon">Srabon</a> in the western fringe of the state with a high concentration of tribal population. Idols of Manasa, specially made for the occasion, are carried round the village. The day is also of great significance for <a href="/wiki/Snake_charmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Snake charmer">snake charmers</a> in the region with some kissing their snakes.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bishnupur Mela is being organised by the state government from 23 to 27 December from 1988, near the Madanmohana Temple. About 3-400,000 people visit the mela. Besides display and sale of handicraft items, cultural programmes including folk songs, are organized on three stages simultaneously, portraying the rich cultural heritage of this part of <a href="/wiki/Rarh_region" title="Rarh region"><i>Rarh Bhumi</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-music_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-music-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sonamukhi is also famous for Kali and Kartik Festival. </p><p>Bankura Book Fair is organised in December every year.<sup id="cite_ref-fairs_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fairs-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>See also - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://good-times.webshots.com/slideshow/569540767sDYhYb">Bankura Book Fair 2008 pictures</a> </p><p>See also - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://good-times.webshots.com/slideshow/569536009hKpqae">Bishnupur Fair 2008 pictures</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Bankura_district&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bishnupur_Gharana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupur Gharana">Bishnupur Gharana</a> follows the <a href="/wiki/Dhrupad" title="Dhrupad">Dhrupad</a> tradition of <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_classical_music" title="Hindustani classical music">Hindustani classical music</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Gharana" title="Gharana">gharana</a> originated amongst the court musicians of the Rajas of Bishnupur, around the 14th century. It is said to be the only gharana developed exclusively in West Bengal.<sup id="cite_ref-music_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-music-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the reign of Mughal emperor <a href="/wiki/Aurangazeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurangazeb">Aurangazeb</a>, the oppressive environment in field of art and culture, lead many musicians to the court at Bishnupur. Amongst them was the famous Dhrupad vocalist and dextrous instrumentalist Bahadur Khan, who was welcomed by Raghunath Singh Deo II and honoured as a court musician.<sup id="cite_ref-music_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-music-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historical evidence points to Pt. Ramachandra Bhattacharya, a disciple of Ud. Bahadur Khan, as the founder of the Bishnupur Gharana. In the later part of the eighteenth century and towards the early and mid-nineteenth century, when music of different gharanas was gradually veering around the <a href="/wiki/Khyal" title="Khyal">Khyal</a> style Indian classical music, the Dhrupad style continued flourishing in Bishnupur. It is simple, and devoid of heavy and complicated ornamentation. It has developed its own style with regard to rhythm.<sup id="cite_ref-music_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-music-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of musicians played a role in the evolution and development of the gharana, namely Gadadhar Chakraborty, Krishna Mohan Goswami, Ram Sankar Bhattacharya and his son Ram Keshab Bhattacharya. They were some of the early exponents. Then appeared Jadu Bhatta (Jadunath Bhattacharya), who raised this music to a higher level and made it well known throughout India. Dinabandhu Goswami, Ananta Lal Bandyopadhyay. Rama Prasanna Bandyopadhyay, Radhika Prasad Goswami, Gopeshwar Bandyopadhyay, Surendranath Bandyopadhyay were the next generation musicians, all of whom were great exponents of Bishnupur Gharana. The disciples of Rama Prasanna Bandyopadhyay, Gokul Nag (sitar) and Asesh Chandra Bandyopadhyay (esraj) carried the reputation of Bishnupur Gharana to a higher standard.<sup id="cite_ref-music_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-music-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bankura do known for its Rock music love, Events like Rock Fest 2011-2013, Valentine Fever 1-4(2014-2017, Project Agomoni 2014-2017, Noise Reduction 2017 & many more are there. There are few promising rock bands like Rusty nails, White shadow, The Living Word, Limit State, Abhisek & Friends, Crust, Operating System, Umeed. Some well recognised musicians such Shyam ji, Dipak Kumar Tudu, Siddhartha Chatterjee and many more. Anirban Sengupta AKA Bubkka and Rishi Mukherjee plays an important role in developing the bangla rock music culture in this City by Organizing Music fest like Bankura Rock Fest & Valentine Fever. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Bankura_district&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acharya_Jogesh_Chandra_Purakriti_Bhaban_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Acharya_Jogesh_Chandra_Purakriti_Bhaban_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG/220px-Acharya_Jogesh_Chandra_Purakriti_Bhaban_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Acharya_Jogesh_Chandra_Purakriti_Bhaban_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG/330px-Acharya_Jogesh_Chandra_Purakriti_Bhaban_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Acharya_Jogesh_Chandra_Purakriti_Bhaban_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG/440px-Acharya_Jogesh_Chandra_Purakriti_Bhaban_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2305" data-file-height="1891" /></a><figcaption>Acharya Jogesh Chandra Purakriti Bhaban (Museum), Bishnupur.</figcaption></figure> <p>A large number of literary little magazines are published in Bengali from Bankura district. Amongst the little magazines are: <i>Aaddaa</i>, <i>Aalor Shisu</i>, <i>Aarja</i> (quarterly published since 1979), <i>Columbus</i> (quarterly published since 1980), <i>Kabitaa Dash Dine</i>, <i>Kaanchan</i>, <i>Kolaaj</i>, <i>Kheyaali</i> (quarterly published since 1981), <i>Graamin Maatir Gandha</i>, <i>Deepti</i> (quarterly published since 1987), <i>Tulsi Chandan</i> (quarterly published since 1982), <i>Pragati</i>, <i>Manikaustav</i> (monthly published since 1981), <i>Jaameeni</i> (bi-monthly published since 1976), <i>Raamkinkar</i>, <i>Lagnausha</i> (quarterly published since 1979), <i>Lokaayata</i>, <i>Shatadal</i> (quarterly published since 1981), <i>Samakriti</i>, <i>Sat</i> (annual published since 1988), and <i>Mukta Kanthaswar</i> (quarterly published since 1988) <i>Pipilika</i> ( tri monthly published from 2016).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art">Art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Bankura_district&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jamini_Roy" title="Jamini Roy">Jamini Roy</a> (1887–1972), one of the most celebrated artists of modern India, was born in a remote village of Bankura district.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ram_Kinker_Baij" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Kinker Baij">Ram Kinker Baij</a> (1910–1980), the earliest Indian artist to experiment with abstract sculptural forms, was born in Bankura.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Bankura_district&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ghosh, Binoy, <i>Paschim Banger Sanskriti</i>, (in Bengali), part I, 1976 edition, pp. 62-65, Prakash Bhaban</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ray-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ray_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ray, Nihar Ranjan, <i>Bangalir Itihas Adi Parba</i>, (in Bengali), 1980 edition, pp. 276-281, Paschim Banga Niraksharata Durikaran Samiti</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ghosh, Binoy, pp. 328-331</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ghosh, Binoy, pp. 331-342</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ghosh4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ghosh4_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ghosh4_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ghosh4_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ghosh4_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ghosh, Binoy, pp. 337-346</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-omalley-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-omalley_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-omalley_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-omalley_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">O’Malley, L.S.S., ICS, <i>Bankura</i>, <i>Bengal District Gazetteers</i>, pp. 183-191, 1995 reprint, first published 1908, Government of West Bengal</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-terracotta-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-terracotta_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020706173155/http://www.potteryindia.com/terracotta/introduction.htm">"Terracotta Traditions"</a>. potteryindia. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jamini+Roy&rft.pub=calcuttaweb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.calcuttaweb.com%2Fpeople%2Fjamini.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Bankura+district" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saffronart.com/artist/artistprofile.aspx?artistid=22">"Ramkinkar Baij"</a>. Saffronart<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ramkinkar+Baij&rft.pub=Saffronart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saffronart.com%2Fartist%2Fartistprofile.aspx%3Fartistid%3D22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Bankura+district" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bankura_district_topics312" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bankura_topics" title="Template:Bankura topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bankura_topics" title="Template talk:Bankura topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bankura_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bankura topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bankura_district_topics312" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bankura_district" title="Bankura district">Bankura district</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahulara_Ancient_Temple" title="Bahulara Ancient Temple">Bahulara Ancient Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokulchand_Temple" title="Gokulchand Temple">Gokulchand Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankura_horse" title="Bankura horse">Bankura horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bargi">Bargi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadu_(festival)" title="Bhadu (festival)">Bhadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupur_gharana" title="Bishnupur gharana">Bishnupur gharana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Culture of Bankura district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmathakur" title="Dharmathakur">Dharmathakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajan_(festival)" title="Gajan (festival)">Gajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bankura_district" title="Geography of Bankura district">Geography of Bankura district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bankura_district" title="History of Bankura district">History of Bankura district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Bengal" title="Jainism in Bengal">Jainism in Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangsabati_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangsabati Project">Kangsabati Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasa_chali" title="Manasa chali">Manasa chali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejia_Thermal_Power_Station" title="Mejia Thermal Power Station">Mejia Thermal Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piardoba_Airfield" title="Piardoba Airfield">Piardoba Airfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bauris">Bauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagdi_caste" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagdi caste">Bagdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumij_people" title="Bhumij people">Bhumij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doms" class="mw-redirect" title="Doms">Dom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_caste" title="Hari caste">Hari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahishya" title="Mahishya">Mahisya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santal_people" title="Santal people">Santal people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bankura_Sadar_subdivision" title="Bankura Sadar subdivision">Bankura Sadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupur_subdivision" title="Bishnupur subdivision">Bishnupur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatra_subdivision" title="Khatra subdivision">Khatra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardhamanbhukti" title="Bardhamanbhukti">Bardhamanbhukti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandabhukti" title="Dandabhukti">Dandabhukti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhalbhum" title="Dhalbhum">Dhalbhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_Mahals" title="Jungle Mahals">Jungle Mahals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallabhum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mallabhum">Mallabhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rarh_region" title="Rarh region">Rarh region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantabhum" title="Samantabhum">Samantabhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungbhum" title="Tungbhum">Tungbhum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bankura" title="Bankura">Bankura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupur,_Bankura" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupur, Bankura"> Bishnupur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonamukhi" title="Sonamukhi">Sonamukhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_development_blocks_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Community development blocks in India">Community development<br />blocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bankura_Sadar_subdivision" title="Bankura Sadar subdivision">Bankura Sadar subdivision</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saltora_(community_development_block)" title="Saltora (community development block)">Saltora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejia_(community_development_block)" title="Mejia (community development block)">Mejia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangajalghati_(community_development_block)" title="Gangajalghati (community development block)">Gangajalghati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatna_(community_development_block)" title="Chhatna (community development block)">Chhatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankura_I" title="Bankura I">Bankura I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankura_II" title="Bankura II">Bankura II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barjora_(community_development_block)" title="Barjora (community development block)">Barjora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onda_(community_development_block)" title="Onda (community development block)">Onda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bishnupur_subdivision" title="Bishnupur subdivision">Bishnupur subdivision</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indas_(community_development_block)" title="Indas (community development block)">Indas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joypur,_Bankura_(community_development_block)" title="Joypur, Bankura (community development block)">Joypur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrasayer_(community_development_block)" title="Patrasayer (community development block)">Patrasayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotulpur_(community_development_block)" title="Kotulpur (community development block)">Kotulpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonamukhi_(community_development_block)" title="Sonamukhi (community development block)">Sonamukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupur,_Bankura_(community_development_block)" title="Bishnupur, Bankura (community development block)">Bishnupur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khatra_subdivision" title="Khatra subdivision">Khatra subdivision</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indpur_(community_development_block)" title="Indpur (community development block)">Indpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranibandh_(community_development_block)" title="Ranibandh (community development block)">Ranibandh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatra_(community_development_block)" title="Khatra (community development block)">Khatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirbandh_(community_development_block)" title="Hirbandh (community development block)">Hirbandh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raipur,_Bankura_(community_development_block)" title="Raipur, Bankura (community development block)">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarenga,_Bankura_(community_development_block)" title="Sarenga, Bankura (community development block)">Sarenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simlapal_(community_development_block)" title="Simlapal (community development block)">Simlapal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taldangra_(community_development_block)" title="Taldangra (community development block)">Taldangra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damodar_River" title="Damodar River">Damodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarakeswar_River" title="Dwarakeswar River">Dwarakeswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandheswari_River" title="Gandheswari River">Gandheswari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangsabati_River" title="Kangsabati River">Kangsabati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sali_River_(West_Bengal)" title="Sali River (West Bengal)">Sali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilabati_River" title="Shilabati River">Shilabati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biharinath" title="Biharinath">Biharinath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susunia" title="Susunia">Susunia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_60_(India,_old_numbering)" title="National Highway 60 (India, old numbering)">NH 60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Railway_zone" title="South Eastern Railway zone">South Eastern Railway zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankura%E2%80%93Masagram_line" title="Bankura–Masagram line">Bankura–Masagram line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheoraphuli%E2%80%93Bishnupur_branch_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheoraphuli–Bishnupur branch line">Sheoraphuli–Bishnupur branch line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankura_Junction_railway_station" title="Bankura Junction railway station">Bankura Junction railway station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railway stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupur_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupur railway station">Bishnupur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutes of higher learning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bankura_University" title="Bankura University">Bankura University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankura_Sammilani_Medical_College_and_Hospital" title="Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital">Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankura_Unnayani_Institute_of_Engineering" title="Bankura Unnayani Institute of Engineering">Bankura Unnayani Institute of Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallabhum_Institute_of_Technology" title="Mallabhum Institute of Technology">Mallabhum Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankura_Christian_College" title="Bankura Christian College">Bankura Christian College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lok Sabha constituencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bankura_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)">Bankura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupur_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupur (Lok Sabha constituency)">Bishnupur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vidhan Sabha constituencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saltora_Assembly_constituency" title="Saltora Assembly constituency">Saltora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatna_Assembly_constituency" title="Chhatna Assembly constituency">Chhatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranibandh_Assembly_constituency" title="Ranibandh Assembly constituency">Ranibandh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raipur,_Bankura_Assembly_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Raipur, Bankura Assembly constituency">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taldangra_Assembly_constituency" title="Taldangra Assembly constituency">Taldangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankura_Assembly_constituency" title="Bankura Assembly constituency">Bankura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barjora_Assembly_constituency" title="Barjora Assembly constituency">Barjora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onda_Assembly_constituency" title="Onda Assembly constituency">Onda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupur,_Bankura_Assembly_constituency" title="Bishnupur, Bankura Assembly constituency">Bishnupur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katulpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Katulpur">Katulpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indas_Assembly_constituency" title="Indas Assembly constituency">Indas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonamukhi_Assembly_constituency" title="Sonamukhi Assembly constituency">Sonamukhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former Vidhan Sabha<br />constituencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gangajalghati_Assembly_constituency" title="Gangajalghati Assembly constituency">Gangajalghati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indpur_Assembly_constituency" title="Indpur Assembly constituency">Indpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bankura_District" title="Template:Bankura District">Cities, towns and locations in Bankura district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Bankura_district" title="Category:People from Bankura district">People from Bankura district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Bankura_district" title="Category:Villages in Bankura district">Villages in Bankura district</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Bankura_district&oldid=1265729683">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Bankura_district&oldid=1265729683</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bankura_district" 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