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<span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Theodelinda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodelinda" title="Theodelinda – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Theodelinda" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ثيوديليندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثيوديليندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodolinda" title="Teodolinda – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Teodolinda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Теодолинда – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Теодолинда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodolinda" title="Teodolinda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Teodolinda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodelinda" title="Theodelinda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Theodelinda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodelinda" title="Theodelinda – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Theodelinda" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theudelinde" title="Theudelinde – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Theudelinde" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B7" title="Θεοδελίνδη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θεοδελίνδη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodolinda" title="Teodolinda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Teodolinda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodolinda" title="Teodolinda – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Teodolinda" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodelinda" title="Theodelinda – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Theodelinda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="تئودلیندا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تئودلیندا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9odelinde_de_Bavi%C3%A8re" title="Théodelinde de Bavière – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Théodelinde de Bavière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodelinda_de_Baviera" title="Teodelinda de Baviera – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Teodelinda de Baviera" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodelinda" title="Teodelinda – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Teodelinda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodelinda" title="Theodelinda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Theodelinda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodelinda" title="Theodelinda – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Theodelinda" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodolinda" title="Teodolinda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Teodolinda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D" title="תיאודלינדה, מלכת הלומברדים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תיאודלינדה, מלכת הלומברדים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodolinda" title="Teodolinda – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Teodolinda" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ثيوديليندا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ثيوديليندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodelinde" title="Theodelinde – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Theodelinde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%AA%E3%83%87%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80" title="テオデリンダ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テオデリンダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodelinda" title="Theodelinda – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Theodelinda" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodolinda" title="Teodolinda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Teodolinda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodolinda" title="Teodolinda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Teodolinda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodelinda" title="Theodelinda – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Theodelinda" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Теоделинда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Теоделинда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodolinda" title="Teodolinda – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Teodolinda" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodelinda" title="Teodelinda – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Teodelinda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodelinda" title="Teodelinda – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Teodelinda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodelinda" title="Teodelinda – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Teodelinda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodelinda_av_Bayern" title="Theodelinda av Bayern – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Theodelinda av Bayern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodelinda" title="Theodelinda – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Theodelinda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Теоделінда – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Теоделінда" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">6th/7th-century Queen of the Lombards</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Theodelinda</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Theodelinda_married_Agilulf_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Theodelinda_married_Agilulf_%28detail%29.jpg/220px-Theodelinda_married_Agilulf_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Theodelinda_married_Agilulf_%28detail%29.jpg/330px-Theodelinda_married_Agilulf_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Theodelinda_married_Agilulf_%28detail%29.jpg/440px-Theodelinda_married_Agilulf_%28detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="2492" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Theodelinda in a fresco by <a href="/wiki/Zavattari" title="Zavattari">Zavattari</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_royal_consorts" title="List of Italian royal consorts">Queen consort of the Lombards</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">15 May 589 – 5 September 590<br />May 591 - 616</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 570<br /><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">22 January 627/8<br /><a href="/wiki/Monza" title="Monza">Monza</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Duomo_of_Monza" title="Duomo of Monza">Duomo of Monza</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Authari" title="Authari">Authari</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Agilulf" title="Agilulf">Agilulf</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adaloald" title="Adaloald">Adaloald</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gundeberga" title="Gundeberga">Gundeberga</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_dynasty" title="Bavarian dynasty">Bavarian dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Garibald_I_of_Bavaria" title="Garibald I of Bavaria">Garibald I of Bavaria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Waldrada_(Lombard)" title="Waldrada (Lombard)">Waldrada</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Theodelinda</b> also spelled <i>Theudelinde</i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 570–628 AD), was a queen of the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> by marriage to two consecutive <a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_the_Lombards" title="List of kings of the Lombards">Lombard rulers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autari" class="mw-redirect" title="Autari">Autari</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Agilulf" title="Agilulf">Agilulf</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombardia</a> during the minority of her son <a href="/wiki/Adaloald" title="Adaloald">Adaloald</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Co-regent" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-regent">co-regent</a> when he reached majority, from 616 to 626. For well over thirty years, she exercised influence across the Lombard realm, which comprised most of Italy between the <a href="/wiki/Apennines" class="mw-redirect" title="Apennines">Apennines</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>. Born a Frankish <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>, she convinced her first spouse <a href="/wiki/Autari" class="mw-redirect" title="Autari">Autari</a> to convert from <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagan</a> beliefs to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilva1913_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva1913-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodelinda&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>She was the daughter of duke <a href="/wiki/Garibald_I_of_Bavaria" title="Garibald I of Bavaria">Garibald I of Bavaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waldrada_(Lombard)" title="Waldrada (Lombard)">Waldrada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfram1997295_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfram1997295-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Born a Bavarian princess to King Garibald, Theodelinda's heritage included being descended on her mother's side from the previous Lombard king, Waco, whose family had ruled seven generations prior according tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1999208_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1999208-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_marriage">First marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodelinda&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Theodelinda was married first in 588 to Authari, king of the Lombards, son of King <a href="/wiki/Cleph" title="Cleph">Cleph</a>. There are indications that <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a> may have had an interest in encouraging this marriage as it would tie a Bavarian Catholic with the Arian Lombards,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> something he did previously, when he promoted the marriage between the Frankish princess Bertha—great-granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a>—and the Kentish Aethelbehrt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallace-Hadrill200453_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallace-Hadrill200453-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theodelinda's time with Authari was brief for he died in 590.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarina2013386_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarina2013386-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_marriage">Second marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodelinda&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Second marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Longobard-Byzantine_Italy-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TRC-43_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Map_Longobard-Byzantine_Italy-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TRC-43_01.jpg/220px-Map_Longobard-Byzantine_Italy-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TRC-43_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Map_Longobard-Byzantine_Italy-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TRC-43_01.jpg/330px-Map_Longobard-Byzantine_Italy-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TRC-43_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Map_Longobard-Byzantine_Italy-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TRC-43_01.jpg/440px-Map_Longobard-Byzantine_Italy-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TRC-43_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2999" data-file-height="4224" /></a><figcaption>Map of Italy in 603 a.C.</figcaption></figure> <p>So highly esteemed across the Lombard kingdom was Theodelinda that when Authari died, she was asked to remain in power and to choose a successor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian Roger Collins has misgivings with this claim—which stems from <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Deacon" title="Paul the Deacon">Paul the Deacon</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—and instead, asserts that both political bargaining or naked force were more likely attributable to her choice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1999209_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1999209-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whatever the real situation, a mere two months after Authari's death, Theodelinda picked Agilulf as her next husband and the two were wed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartmann1913201_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartmann1913201-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She thereafter exerted much influence in restoring <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">Nicene Christianity</a> to a position of primacy in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> against its rival, <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arian Christianity</a>. Her reach extended across most of the Italian peninsula between the Apennines and the Alps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarina2013386_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarina2013386-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While her husband Agilulf retained his Arian faith, he allowed his son with Theodelinda to be baptized a Catholic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETodd2004228_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETodd2004228-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lombard king faced trouble from his dukes, who were convinced that he had consigned himself instead to the faith of the conquered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilva1913_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva1913-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agilulf did not permit Theodelinda's faith to shape his policies against the Byzantines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETodd2004228_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETodd2004228-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frequently, Theodelinda corresponded with Pope Gregory (590–604) in letters, some of which are recorded by the eighth-century historian, Paul the Deacon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the content in these letters concerned her husband's conversion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown199542_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown199542-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To further promulgate the Christian faith of the Catholics, she also welcomed Catholic missionaries across her realm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taking full advantage of her piety and possibly to incentivize her continued Catholic proclivities, Pope Gregory sent her a series of silver ampullas of Syro-Palestinian craftsmanship, a gospel casket, and a golden cross from Byzantium.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallace-Hadrill200453–54_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallace-Hadrill200453–54-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cross was gem-encrusted and was meant as a symbol of the "impending Kingdom of God".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFried201528_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFried201528-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regent">Regent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodelinda&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Regent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly before Agilulf's death in 616, he named Theodelinda co-regent for their son <a href="/wiki/Adaloald" title="Adaloald">Adaloald</a> and once he reached maturity, she remained co-ruler over the kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartmann1913202_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartmann1913202-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For a period of some thirty-five years Theodelinda was queen of the Lombards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfram1997298_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfram1997298-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perhaps to further exhibit her faith, she constructed a Catholic cathedral dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Monza_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Monza Cathedral">St. John the Baptist at Monza</a> (near Milan) and richly endowed it. Her support for the Catholic faith also included the establishment of monasteries—one at Bobbio,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341–342_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341–342-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later one at Pedona, among others according to Paul the Deacon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallace-Hadrill200454_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallace-Hadrill200454-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within "the treasure house" that is the cathedral at Monza, one finds a splendidly detailed sculpture of a mother hen and her chicks made of gilded silver, which was likely another gift from Pope Gregory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Donnell2008346_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Donnell2008346-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodelinda&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maintaining a relationship with Theodelinda was in the interest of the Catholic papacy as it provided Gregory with a toehold on the Lombard court.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy200665_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy200665-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Despite frequently and consistently pointing out the flaws and political antagonism of queens and duchesses throughout his texts, Paul the Deacon makes an exception with Theodelinda, who he depicts in a very favorable light, making her into a heroine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2009197_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham2009197-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The same year that Agilulf assumed the Lombard throne, the Pope Pelagius II had died and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a> became pontiff.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer2010256_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer2010256-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historian Johannes Fried relates that this cross is known as the "Gregory crucifix" and is well preserved to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFried201528_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFried201528-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The famous treasure of Monza contains the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Crown_of_Lombardy" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Crown of Lombardy">Iron Crown of Lombardy</a> and the <i>theca persica</i>, enclosing a text from the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a>, sent by Pope Gregory to her for her son <a href="/wiki/Adaloald" title="Adaloald">Adaloald</a>. Another of the gifts of this pope to the Lombard queen was a cruciform <a href="/wiki/Encolpion" class="mw-redirect" title="Encolpion">encolpion</a> (reliquary) containing a portion of the <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a>. The history of the queen and her connection with the famous <a href="/wiki/Iron_Crown_of_Lombardy" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Crown of Lombardy">Iron Crown of Lombardy</a> are narrated in the frescoes painted in the Theodelinda Chapel in the <a href="/wiki/Monza_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Monza Cathedral">Monza Cathedral</a>, work by Ambrogio and Gregorio <a href="/wiki/Zavattari" title="Zavattari">Zavattari</a> (1444).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodelinda&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodelinda&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva1913-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilva1913_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilva1913_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilva1913">Silva 1913</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfram1997295-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfram1997295_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolfram1997">Wolfram 1997</a>, p. 295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1999208-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1999208_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1999">Collins 1999</a>, p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuffy200665-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuffy200665_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuffy2006">Duffy 2006</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallace-Hadrill200453-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallace-Hadrill200453_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWallace-Hadrill2004">Wallace-Hadrill 2004</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarina2013386-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarina2013386_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarina2013386_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarina2013">Marina 2013</a>, p. 386.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrassetto2003">Frassetto 2003</a>, p. 341.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWickham2009197-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWickham2009197_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWickham2009">Wickham 2009</a>, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1999209-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1999209_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1999">Collins 1999</a>, p. 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartmann1913201-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartmann1913201_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHartmann1913">Hartmann 1913</a>, p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauer2010256-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauer2010256_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauer2010">Bauer 2010</a>, p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETodd2004228-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETodd2004228_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETodd2004228_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTodd2004">Todd 2004</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown199542-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown199542_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1995">Brown 1995</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallace-Hadrill200453–54-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallace-Hadrill200453–54_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWallace-Hadrill2004">Wallace-Hadrill 2004</a>, pp. 53–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFried201528-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFried201528_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFried201528_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFried2015">Fried 2015</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartmann1913202-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartmann1913202_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHartmann1913">Hartmann 1913</a>, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfram1997298-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfram1997298_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolfram1997">Wolfram 1997</a>, p. 298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341–342-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003341–342_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrassetto2003">Frassetto 2003</a>, pp. 341–342.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallace-Hadrill200454-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallace-Hadrill200454_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWallace-Hadrill2004">Wallace-Hadrill 2004</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Donnell2008346-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Donnell2008346_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Donnell2008">O'Donnell 2008</a>, p. 346.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodelinda&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBauer2010" class="citation book cs1">Bauer, Susan Wise (2010). <i>The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade</i>. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-39305-975-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-39305-975-5"><bdi>978-0-39305-975-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Medieval+World%3A+From+the+Conversion+of+Constantine+to+the+First+Crusade&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-39305-975-5&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Susan+Wise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodelinda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown1995" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Thomas (1995). "The Transformation of the Roman Mediterranean, 400–900". In George Holmes (ed.). <i>The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe</i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19960-582-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19960-582-8"><bdi>978-0-19960-582-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Transformation+of+the+Roman+Mediterranean%2C+400%E2%80%93900&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Illustrated+History+of+Medieval+Europe&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19960-582-8&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodelinda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollins1999" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Roger (1999). <i>Early Medieval Europe, 300–1000</i>. New York: St. Martin’s Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-31221-886-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-31221-886-7"><bdi>978-0-31221-886-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Medieval+Europe%2C+300%E2%80%931000&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%E2%80%99s+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-31221-886-7&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodelinda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2006" class="citation book cs1">Duffy, Eamon (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/00book1593273669"><i>Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes</i></a></span>. New Haven; London: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-30011-597-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-30011-597-0"><bdi>978-0-30011-597-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saints+and+Sinners%3A+A+History+of+the+Popes&rft.place=New+Haven%3B+London&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-30011-597-0&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=Eamon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F00book1593273669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodelinda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrassetto2003" class="citation book cs1">Frassetto, Michael (2003). <i>Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation</i>. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-263-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-263-9"><bdi>978-1-57607-263-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Barbarian+Europe%3A+Society+in+Transformation&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-263-9&rft.aulast=Frassetto&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodelinda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFried2015" class="citation book cs1">Fried, Johannes (2015). <i>The Middle Ages</i>. Cambridge and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-67405-562-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-67405-562-9"><bdi>978-0-67405-562-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Middle+Ages&rft.place=Cambridge+and+London&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-67405-562-9&rft.aulast=Fried&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodelinda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHartmann1913" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hartmann, L.M. (1913). "Italy under the Lombards". In H.M. Gwatkin; J.P. Whitney (eds.). <i>The Cambridge Medieval History</i>. Vol. III [The Rise of the Saracens and the Foundations of the Western Empire]. New York: Macmillan & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Italy+under+the+Lombards&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Medieval+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Macmillan+%26+Co.&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Hartmann&rft.aufirst=L.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodelinda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarina2013" class="citation journal cs1">Marina, Areli (2013). "The Langobard Revival of Matteo il Magno Visconti, Lord of Milan". <i>I Tatti Studies in the Italian Renaissance</i>. <b>16</b> (1/2). University of Chicago Press: <span class="nowrap">377–</span>414. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F673405">10.1086/673405</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/673405">10.1086/673405</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194035594">194035594</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=I+Tatti+Studies+in+the+Italian+Renaissance&rft.atitle=The+Langobard+Revival+of+Matteo+il+Magno+Visconti%2C+Lord+of+Milan&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E377-%3C%2Fspan%3E414&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194035594%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1086%2F673405%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F673405&rft.aulast=Marina&rft.aufirst=Areli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodelinda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Donnell2008" class="citation book cs1">O'Donnell, James (2008). <i>The Ruin of the Roman Empire</i>. New York: Harper Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-078741-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-078741-7"><bdi>978-0-06-078741-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ruin+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-06-078741-7&rft.aulast=O%27Donnell&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodelinda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSilva1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Silva, Paolo (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecatholic2000.com/cathopedia/vol9/volnine308.shtml">"Lombardy"</a>. In Charles G. Herbermann; Edward A. Pace; Conde B. Fallen; Thomas J. Shahan; John J. Wynne (eds.). <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. Vol. 9. Robert Appleton Company and Encyclopedia Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lombardy&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company+and+Encyclopedia+Press&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecatholic2000.com%2Fcathopedia%2Fvol9%2Fvolnine308.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodelinda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTodd2004" class="citation book cs1">Todd, Malcolm (2004). <i>The Early Germans</i>. Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-40511-714-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-40511-714-2"><bdi>978-1-40511-714-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Germans&rft.place=Oxford+and+Malden%2C+MA&rft.pub=Blackwell+publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-40511-714-2&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodelinda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWallace-Hadrill2004" class="citation book cs1">Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. (2004). <i>The Barbarian West, 400–1000</i>. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-63120-292-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-63120-292-9"><bdi>978-0-63120-292-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Barbarian+West%2C+400%E2%80%931000&rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-63120-292-9&rft.aulast=Wallace-Hadrill&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodelinda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWickham2009" class="citation book cs1">Wickham, Chris (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780670020980"><i>The Inheritance of Rome: Illuminating the Dark Ages, 400–1000</i></a></span>. New York: Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-67002-098-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-67002-098-0"><bdi>978-0-67002-098-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Inheritance+of+Rome%3A+Illuminating+the+Dark+Ages%2C+400%E2%80%931000&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-67002-098-0&rft.aulast=Wickham&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780670020980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodelinda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWolfram1997" class="citation book cs1">Wolfram, Herwig (1997). <i>The Roman Empire and its Germanic Peoples</i>. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-08511-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-08511-6"><bdi>0-520-08511-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Empire+and+its+Germanic+Peoples&rft.place=Berkeley+and+Los+Angeles&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-520-08511-6&rft.aulast=Wolfram&rft.aufirst=Herwig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheodelinda" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodelinda&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://regineditalia.net/en/theodelinda_choose.html">Queens of Italy – Women in Power in Medieval Italy: Theodelinda</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italian_consorts" title="Template:Italian consorts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italian_consorts" title="Template talk:Italian consorts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italian_consorts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italian consorts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Queens_of_Italy50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_royal_consorts" title="List of Italian royal consorts">Queens of Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audofleda" title="Audofleda">Audofleda</a> (493–526)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalasuintha" title="Amalasuintha">Amalasuintha</a> (526–534)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matasuntha" class="mw-redirect" title="Matasuntha">Matasuntha</a> (536–540)</li> <li>Berthora (549–552)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlothsind_(queen)" title="Chlothsind (queen)">Chlothsind</a> (560s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosamund_(Gepid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosamund (Gepid)">Rosamund</a> (567–573)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Theodelinda</a> (589–616)</li> <li>Gundiberga (626–652)</li> <li>Guntrude (712–744)</li> <li>Tassia (744–749)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansa,_Queen_of_the_Lombards" title="Ansa, Queen of the Lombards">Ansa</a> (756–774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_(queen)" title="Hildegard (queen)">Hildegard</a> (774–783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastrada" title="Fastrada">Fastrada of Franconia</a> (784–794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luitgard_(Frankish_queen)" title="Luitgard (Frankish queen)">Luitgard of Sundgau</a> (794–800)</li> <li>Bertha of Gellone (?)</li> <li>Cunigunda of Laon (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermengarde_of_Tours" title="Ermengarde of Tours">Ermengarde of Tours</a> (821–851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engelberga" title="Engelberga">Engelberga of Parma</a> (851–875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richilde_of_Provence" title="Richilde of Provence">Richilde of Provence</a> (875–877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richardis" title="Richardis">Richardis of Swabia</a> (879–888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertila_of_Spoleto" title="Bertila of Spoleto">Bertila of Spoleto</a> (888–889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ageltrude" title="Ageltrude">Ageltrude of Benevento</a> (889–894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ota_(wife_of_Arnulf_of_Carinthia)" title="Ota (wife of Arnulf of Carinthia)">Ota of Neustria</a> (896–899)</li> <li>Anna of Constantinople (900–905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertila_of_Spoleto" title="Bertila of Spoleto">Bertila of Spoleto</a> (905–915)</li> <li>Anna of Provence (915–924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Swabia" title="Bertha of Swabia">Bertha of Swabia</a> (922–926)</li> <li>Alda (924–932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marozia" title="Marozia">Marozia of Tusculum</a> (932–933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Swabia" title="Bertha of Swabia">Bertha of Swabia</a> (937–948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Italy" title="Adelaide of Italy">Adelaide of Italy</a> (948–950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_of_Tuscany" title="Willa of Tuscany">Willa of Tuscany</a> (950–953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerberga,_mother_of_Otto-William" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerberga, mother of Otto-William">Gerberga</a> (957–963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Italy" title="Adelaide of Italy">Adelaide of Italy</a> (951–973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanu" title="Theophanu">Theophanu of Constantinople</a> (972–983)</li> <li>Berta di Luni (1002–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunigunde_of_Luxembourg" title="Cunigunde of Luxembourg">Cunigunde of Luxembourg</a> (1004–24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisela_of_Swabia" title="Gisela of Swabia">Gisela of Swabia</a> (1026–39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Poitou" title="Agnes of Poitou">Agnes of Poitou</a> (1043–56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Savoy" title="Bertha of Savoy">Bertha of Savoy</a> (1080–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupraxia_of_Kiev" title="Eupraxia of Kiev">Eupraxia of Kiev</a> (1089–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Sicily_(died_1138)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constance of Sicily (died 1138)">Constance of Sicily</a> (1095–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Matilda" title="Empress Matilda">Matilda of England</a> (1114–25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richenza_of_Northeim" title="Richenza of Northeim">Richenza of Northeim</a> (1128–37)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_I,_Countess_of_Burgundy" title="Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy">Beatrice I of Burgundy</a> (1156–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_I_of_Sicily" title="Constance I of Sicily">Constance I of Sicily</a> (1191–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Swabia" title="Beatrice of Swabia">Beatrice of Hohenstaufen</a> (1212)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Aragon,_Holy_Roman_Empress" title="Constance of Aragon, Holy Roman Empress">Constance of Aragon</a> (1212–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Jerusalem" title="Isabella II of Jerusalem">Isabella II of Jerusalem</a> (1225–28)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_England" title="Isabella of England">Isabella of England</a> (1235–41)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bianca_Lancia" title="Bianca Lancia">Bianca Lancia</a> (1244?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Brabant" title="Margaret of Brabant">Margaret of Brabant</a> (1311)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_II,_Countess_of_Hainaut" title="Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut">Margaret II of Hainaut</a> (1327–47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_von_Schweidnitz" title="Anna von Schweidnitz">Anna of Świdnica</a> (1355–62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Pomerania" title="Elizabeth of Pomerania">Elizabeth of Pomerania</a> (1363–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_of_Cilli" title="Barbara of Cilli">Barbara of Cilli</a> (1431–37)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Portugal,_Holy_Roman_Empress" title="Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress">Eleanor of Portugal</a> (1452–67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Portugal" title="Isabella of Portugal">Isabella of Portugal</a> (1530–39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a> (1805–10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma">Marie Louise of Austria</a> (1810–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margherita_of_Savoy" title="Margherita of Savoy">Margherita of Savoy</a> (1878–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_of_Montenegro" title="Elena of Montenegro">Elena of Montenegro</a> (1900–46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Jos%C3%A9_of_Belgium" title="Marie-José of Belgium">Marie-José of Belgium</a> (1946)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232525#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1227" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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