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crises</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: banking crises"> <meta name="keywords" content="banking crises"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="banking crises"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 684</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: banking crises</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">654</span> Value Analysis of Islamic Banking and Conventional Banking to Measure Value Co-Creation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Javed">Amna Javed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hisashi%20Masuda"> Hisashi Masuda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youji%20Kohda"> Youji Kohda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the value analysis in Islamic and conventional banking services in Pakistan. Many scholars have focused on co-creation of values in services but mainly economic values not non-economic. As Islamic banking is based on Islamic principles that are more concerned with non-economic values (well-being, partnership, fairness, trust worthy, and justice) than economic values as money in terms of interest. This study is important to know the providers point of view about the co-created values, because, it may be more sustainable and appropriate for today’s unpredictable socioeconomic environment. Data were collected from 4 banks (2 Islamic and 2 conventional banks). Text mining technique is applied for data analysis, and values with 100% occurrences in Islamic banking are chosen. The results reflect that Islamic banking is more centric towards non-economic values than economic values and it promotes team work and partnership concept by applying Islamic spirit and trust worthiness concept. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20values" title="economic values">economic values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banking" title=" Islamic banking"> Islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-economic%20values" title=" non-economic values"> non-economic values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20system" title=" value system"> value system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2430/value-analysis-of-islamic-banking-and-conventional-banking-to-measure-value-co-creation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">653</span> Mobile Phone Banking Applies and Customer Intention: A Case Study in Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20E.%20Bouthahab">Iman E. Bouthahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badea%20B.%20Geador"> Badea B. Geador</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim of this paper is to explore the prospect of a new approach of mobile phone banking in Libya. This study evaluates customer knowledge on commercial mobile banking in Libya. To examine the relationship between age, occupation and intention for using mobile banking for commercial purpose, a survey was conducted to gather information from one hundred Libyan bank clients. The results indicate that Libyan customers have accepted the new technology and they are ready to use it. There is no significant joint relationship between age and occupation found in intention to use mobile banking in Libya. On the other hand, the customers’ knowledge about mobile banking has a greater relationship with the intention. This study has implications for demographic researches and consumer behaviour disciplines. It also has profitable implications for banks and managers in Libya, as it will assist in better understanding of the Libyan consumers and their activities, when they develop their market strategies and new service. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20banking" title="mobile banking">mobile banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intention" title=" intention"> intention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20knowledge" title=" customer knowledge"> customer knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banks%20in%20Libya" title=" banks in Libya "> banks in Libya </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10636/mobile-phone-banking-applies-and-customer-intention-a-case-study-in-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">652</span> Are the Organizations Prepared for Potential Crises? A Research Intended to Measure the Proactivity Level of Industrial Organizations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tahir%20Demirsel">M. Tahir Demirsel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Atsan"> Mustafa Atsan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many elements of the environment in which businesses operate today leave them faced with unexpected threats and opportunities. One of the major threats is business crisis. The crisis is a state of affairs in a business wherein the executives must take urgent and unprecedented action to try to save the business from failure. In order to survive in the business environment, organizations should be prepared for the potential crises. Technological developments, uncertainty in the market and the intense competition increase the probability of encountering a crisis for organizations. Therefore, by acting proactively to predict crisis, to detect signals of crisis and be prepared for a crisis by taking necessary precautions accordingly, is of great importance for businesses. In this context, the objective of this study is to reveal that how much organizations are proactive and can predict the future crises and investigate whether they are prepared for possible crises or not. The research was conducted on 222 business executives in one of the major industrial zones of Turkey, Konya Organized Industrial Zone (KOS). The findings are analyzed through descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. According to the results, it has been observed that organizations cannot predict the crisis signals and are not prepared for potential crises. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis%20preparedness" title="crisis preparedness">crisis preparedness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis%20signals" title=" crisis signals"> crisis signals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20organizations" title=" industrial organizations"> industrial organizations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proactivity" title=" proactivity"> proactivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29479/are-the-organizations-prepared-for-potential-crises-a-research-intended-to-measure-the-proactivity-level-of-industrial-organizations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">651</span> Financial Instruments of Islamic Banking: A Critical Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rukhsana%20Shaheen">Rukhsana Shaheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahira%20Ifraq">Tahira Ifraq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interest based transactions led the advent of Islamic banking. In order to provide an alternative to Interest based banking, financial transactions found in classical books of fiqh were employed. Musharakah, Mudarabah, Murabahah Salam, Ijara, and some other modes were adopted. These modes were modified so that they can be adopted for banking and satisfy the needs of customers. Since the inception of Islamic banking, these modes are being used and with the passage of time, are being molded and experimented with to cater different kinds of customers and requirements. Human efforts cannot be errorless. These modes too bear legal defects which need an in-depth scrutiny and refinement. The aim of this paper is to dig the basis and rulings of these modes in classical books of fiqh and analyze its modification and adoption in Islamic banking and the legal defects that these modes are bearing. Paper will prove itself fruitful by providing remedies for the legal defects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20instruments" title="financial instruments">financial instruments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20defects" title=" legal defects"> legal defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remedies" title=" remedies"> remedies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banking" title=" Islamic banking"> Islamic banking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4375/financial-instruments-of-islamic-banking-a-critical-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">650</span> Improving the Quantification Model of Internal Control Impact on Banking Risks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ndaw">M. Ndaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Mendy"> G. Mendy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ouya"> S. Ouya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Risk management in banking sector is a key issue linked to financial system stability and its importance has been elevated by technological developments and emergence of new financial instruments. In this paper, we improve the model previously defined for quantifying internal control impact on banking risks by automatizing the residual criticality estimation step of FMECA. For this, we defined three equations and a maturity coefficient to obtain a mathematical model which is tested on all banking processes and type of risks. The new model allows an optimal assessment of residual criticality and improves the correlation rate that has become 98%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title="risk">risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control" title=" control"> control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banking" title=" banking"> banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FMECA" title=" FMECA"> FMECA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criticality" title=" criticality"> criticality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39457/improving-the-quantification-model-of-internal-control-impact-on-banking-risks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">649</span> Effect Of E-banking On Performance Efficiency Of Commercial Banks In Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naeem%20Hassan">Naeem Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study intended to investigate the impact of the e banking system on the performance efficiency of the commercial banks in KP, Pakistan. In addition to this main purpose, the study also aimed at analyzing the impact of e banking on the service quality as well as satisfaction of the customers using e banking system. More over, the focus was also given to highlight the risks involved in the e banking system. The researcher has adopted the quantitative methodology in the study. in order to reach concrete finding, the researcher has analyzed the secondary data taken from the annual reports of selected banks and State bank of Pakistan as well as the primary data collected through the self-administrated questionnaire from the participants selected for the current study. The study highlighted that there is a significant impact of e banking on the financial efficiency on the commercial banks in KP, Pakistan. Additionally, the results of the study also show that the online banking is having significant effects on the customer satisfaction. The researcher recommends on the bases of findings that commercial banks should continue to adopt new technologies which will improve their margins and hence their net profit after tax in order to attract more investors. Additionally, commercial bank needs to minimize the time and risk in e-banking to attract more customers which will improve their net profit. Furthermore, the study findings also recommend the banking policy makers should also review policies related to promotion of innovation adoption and transfer of technology. Commercial banking system should encourage adoption of innovations that will improve profit of the banking industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E-banking" title="E-banking">E-banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20efficiency" title=" performance efficiency"> performance efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20banks" title=" commercial banks"> commercial banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect" title=" effect"> effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166227/effect-of-e-banking-on-performance-efficiency-of-commercial-banks-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">648</span> Customers’ Priority to Implement SSTs Using AHP Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Jafariahangari">Mohammad Jafariahangari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marjan%20Habibi"> Marjan Habibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miresmaeil%20Mirnabibaboli"> Miresmaeil Mirnabibaboli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirza%20Hassan%20Hosseini"> Mirza Hassan Hosseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Self-service technologies (SSTs) make an important contribution to the daily life of people nowadays. However, the introduction of SST does not lead to its usage. Thereby, this paper was an attempt on discovery of the most preferred SST in the customers’ point of view. To fulfill this aim, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied based on Saaty’s questionnaire which was administered to the customers of e-banking services located in Golestan providence, north of Iran. This study used qualitative factors in association with the intention of consumers’ usage of SSTs to rank three SSTs: ATM, mobile banking, and internet banking. The results showed that mobile banking get the highest weight in consumers’ point of view. This research can be useful both for managers and service providers and also for customers who intend to use e-banking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20hierarchy%20process" title="analytical hierarchy process">analytical hierarchy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-making" title=" decision-making"> decision-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-banking" title=" e-banking"> e-banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-service%20technologies" title=" self-service technologies"> self-service technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15518/customers-priority-to-implement-ssts-using-ahp-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">647</span> The Impact of Non-Interest Banking on Economic Development in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oduntan%20Kemi%20Olalekan">Oduntan Kemi Olalekan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nigeria as the largest economy in Africa is still in its developing stage as its economy cannot be termed developed; it is still in search of economic policy that will positively affect the life of majority of her citizenry. Several policies have been employed to take care of the situation prominent among which is Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) of Babangida Administration but it could not rescue the economy. Non-interest Banking otherwise known as Islamic Banking has been suggested as a means of developing Nigerian economy as it will enable more Nigerian have access to working capital and contribute positively to the growth of her economy. The paper investigated the level of Nigeria economic development and gave an overview of economic policies since independence, traced the genesis of non-interest banking in Nigeria and made recommendations on the adoption of the policy as an antidote to Nigeria economic development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title="economic development">economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigerian%20economy" title=" Nigerian economy"> Nigerian economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-interest%20banking" title=" non-interest banking"> non-interest banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working%20capital" title=" working capital"> working capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banking." title=" Islamic banking. "> Islamic banking. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34090/the-impact-of-non-interest-banking-on-economic-development-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">646</span> Cyber Security and Risk Assessment of the e-Banking Services </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20F.%20Bushager">Aisha F. Bushager</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today we are more exposed than ever to cyber threats and attacks at personal, community, organizational, national, and international levels. More aspects of our lives are operating on computer networks simply because we are living in the fifth domain, which is called the Cyberspace. One of the most sensitive areas that are vulnerable to cyber threats and attacks is the Electronic Banking (e-Banking) area, where the banking sector is providing online banking services to its clients. To be able to obtain the clients trust and encourage them to practice e-Banking, also, to maintain the services provided by the banks and ensure safety, cyber security and risks control should be given a high priority in the e-banking area. The aim of the study is to carry out risk assessment on the e-banking services and determine the cyber threats, cyber attacks, and vulnerabilities that are facing the e-banking area specifically in the Kingdom of Bahrain. To collect relevant data, structured interviews were taken place with e-banking experts in different banks. Then, collected data where used as in input to the risk management framework provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which was the model used in the study to assess the risks associated with e-banking services. The findings of the study showed that the cyber threats are commonly human errors, technical software or hardware failure, and hackers, on the other hand, the most common attacks facing the e-banking sector were phishing, malware attacks, and denial-of-service. The risks associated with the e-banking services were around the moderate level, however, more controls and countermeasures must be applied to maintain the moderate level of risks. The results of the study will help banks discover their vulnerabilities and maintain their online services, in addition, it will enhance the cyber security and contribute to the management and control of risks that are facing the e-banking sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20security" title="cyber security">cyber security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-banking" title=" e-banking"> e-banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threats%20identification" title=" threats identification "> threats identification </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35347/cyber-security-and-risk-assessment-of-the-e-banking-services" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">645</span> Polish Authorities Towards Refugee Crises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klaudia%20Go%C5%82%C4%99biowska">Klaudia Gołębiowska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article analyzes the actions of Poland's ruling party facing two refugee crises. These crises emerged almost one after the other within a few months. The first concerned irregular migrants from various countries, including the Middle East, seeking to cross the Polish border from the territory of Belarus. The second was caused by Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. I aim to show the evolution of the discourse and law towards immigrants and refugees by the party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS, ang. Law and Justice), which has been in power in Poland since 2015. The authorities, in power since 2015, have radically changed its anti-immigrant discourse towards the exodus of civilians from Ukraine. Research questions are the following: What were the roots of the refugee crises in Poland in 2021 and 2022? What legal or illegal measures were taken in Poland to deal with the refugee crises? The methods of qualitative source analysis and process tracing. From the first days of the war in Ukraine, not only was aid organised for Ukrainians, but they were also given access to public services and education. All refugees were granted temporary international protection. At the same time, the basic physiological needs of those on the Polish-Belarusian border were ignored. Moreover, illegal pushbacks were used against those coming mainly from the Middle East, pushing them into the territory of Belarus, where they were often subjected to torture and inhumane treatment. The Polish government justified such treatment on the grounds that these people were part of a 'hybrid war' waged by Russia and Belarus using migrants. Only Ukrainians were treated as 'real' refugees in the analyzed crises at the Polish borders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refugee" title="refugee">refugee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irregular%20migrants" title=" irregular migrants"> irregular migrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20war" title=" hybrid war"> hybrid war</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migrants" title=" migrants"> migrants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162543/polish-authorities-towards-refugee-crises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">644</span> Financial Centers and BRICS Stock Markets: The Effect of the Recent Crises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Barassi">Marco Barassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicola%20Spagnolo"> Nicola Spagnolo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper uses a DCC-GARCH model framework to examine mean and volatility spillovers (i.e. causality in mean and variance) dynamics between financial centers and the stock market indexes of the BRICS countries. In addition, tests for changes in the transmission mechanism are carried out by first testing for structural breaks and then setting a dummy variable to control for the 2008 financial crises. We use weekly data for nine countries, four financial centers (Germany, Japan, UK and USA) and the five BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Furthermore, we control for monetary policy using domestic interest rates (90-day Treasury Bill interest rate) over the period 03/1/1990 - 04/2/2014, for a total of 1204 observations. Results show that the 2008 financial crises changed the causality dynamics for most of the countries considered. The same pattern can also be observed in conditional correlation showing a shift upward following the turbulence associated to the 2008 crises. The magnitude of these effects suggests a leading role played by the financial centers in effecting Brazil and South Africa, whereas Russia, India and China show a higher degree of resilience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20crises" title="financial crises">financial crises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DCC-GARCH%20model" title=" DCC-GARCH model"> DCC-GARCH model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatility%20spillovers" title=" volatility spillovers"> volatility spillovers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economics" title=" economics"> economics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8104/financial-centers-and-brics-stock-markets-the-effect-of-the-recent-crises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">643</span> Comparing the Theory to the Practice of Islamic Banking: A Case Study of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zareen%20Khan">Zareen Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Islamic Banking has experienced high growth in Pakistan in recent years and has successfully survived the economic downturn of 2009-2011. Despite the increase in branch network and expansion of services, it is unclear if Islamic banks are truly following the theory and practical application of Shariah Law. This paper explores the theological basis of Islamic finance and examines the discrepancies between the theory and practice of Islamic banking using Pakistan as a case study. It discusses areas where Islamic banks lack proper Shariah compliance and analyzes the financial weaknesses of Islamic banks in terms of the services offered. Furthermore, the paper offers plausible explanations for the clientele of Islamic banks. The case study has three major findings. Firstly, most of the employees of Islamic banks come from conventional banking backgrounds and the banks have to invest in additional trainings to specialize employees in Islamic Banking. Secondly despite the efforts of State Bank of Pakistan, there is a lack of accounting and auditing standards tailored for Islamic Banking. Thirdly, majority of the clients of Islamic banks in Pakistan are accustomed to conventional banking causing the bankers to “speak the conventional banking language.” Combined, these three factors can create gaps in the practical application of Islamic finance in Islamic banks in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20finance" title="islamic finance">islamic finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparing%20theory%20with%20practice" title=" comparing theory with practice"> comparing theory with practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20banking" title=" islamic banking"> islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23023/comparing-the-theory-to-the-practice-of-islamic-banking-a-case-study-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">642</span> An Evaluation of the Impact of E-Banking on Operational Efficiency of Banks in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Rabiu%20Darazo">Ibrahim Rabiu Darazo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research has been conducted on the impact of E-banking on the operational efficiency of Banks in Nigeria, A case of some selected banks (Diamond Bank Plc, GTBankPlc, and Fidelity Bank Plc) in Nigeria. The research is a quantitative research which uses both primary and secondary sources of data collection. Questionnaire were used to obtained accurate data, where 150 Questionnaire were distributed among staff and customers of the three Banks , and the data collected where analysed using chi-square, whereas the secondary data where obtained from relevant text books, journals and relevant web sites. It is clear from the findings that, the use of e-banking by the banks has improved the efficiency of these banks, in terms of providing efficient services to customers electronically, using Internet Banking, Telephone Banking ATMs, reducing time taking to serve customers, e-banking allow new customers to open an account online, customers have access to their account at all the time 24/7.E-banking provide access to customers information from the data base and cost of check and postage were eliminated using e-banking. The recommendation at the end of the research include; the Banks should try to update their electronic gadgets, e-fraud(internal & external) should also be controlled, Banks shall employ qualified man power, Biometric ATMs shall be introduce to reduce fraud using ATM Cards, as it is use in other countries like USA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banks" title="banks">banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20banking" title=" electronic banking"> electronic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20efficiency%20of%20banks" title=" operational efficiency of banks"> operational efficiency of banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometric%20ATMs" title=" biometric ATMs"> biometric ATMs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12778/an-evaluation-of-the-impact-of-e-banking-on-operational-efficiency-of-banks-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">641</span> Banking Sector Development and Economic Growth: Evidence from the State of Qatar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fekri%20Shawtari">Fekri Shawtari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The banking sector plays a very crucial role in the economic development of the country. As a financial intermediary, it has assigned a great role in the economic growth and stability. This paper aims to examine the empirically the relationship between banking industry and economic growth in state of Qatar. We adopt the VAR vector error correction model (VECM) along with Granger causality to address the issue over the long-run and short-run between the banking sector and economic growth. It is expected that the results will give policy directions to the policymakers to make strategies that are conducive toward boosting development to achieve the targeted economic growth in current situation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banking%20sector" title=" banking sector"> banking sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qatar" title=" Qatar"> Qatar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20error%20correction%20model" title=" vector error correction model"> vector error correction model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VECM" title=" VECM"> VECM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101051/banking-sector-development-and-economic-growth-evidence-from-the-state-of-qatar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">640</span> Marketing and Commercial Activities Offered on Websites of European Union Banks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mario%20Spremi%C4%87">Mario Spremić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalija%20Kokolek"> Natalija Kokolek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%C5%BEidar%20Jakovi%C4%87"> Božidar Jaković</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jurica%20%C5%A0imurina"> Jurica Šimurina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with various questions related to functionality and providing banking services in the European union on the Internet. Due to the fact that we live in the information technologies era, the Internet become a new space for doing economic and business activities in all areas, and especially important in banking. Accepting the busy tempo of life, in the past several years electronic banking has become necessity and a must for most users of banking services. On a sample of 300 web sites of the banks operating in European union (EU) we conduct the research on the functionality of e-banking services offered through banks web sites with the key objective to reveal to what extent the information technologies are used in their business operations. Characteristics of EU banks websites will be examined and compared to the basic groups of business activities on the web. Also some recommendations for the successful bank web sites will be provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20banking" title="electronic banking">electronic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20business" title=" electronic business"> electronic business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20union%20banks" title=" European union banks"> European union banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet" title=" internet"> internet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25004/marketing-and-commercial-activities-offered-on-websites-of-european-union-banks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">639</span> Banking Innovation and Customers' Satisfaction in Nigeria: A Case Study of Some Selected Banks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jameelah%20O.%20Yaqub">Jameelah O. Yaqub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The financial industry all over the world has undergone and still undergoing great transformation especially with the introduction of e-products which involves the use of computers and telecommunications to enable banking transactions to be done by telephone or computer rather than by humans. The adoption of e-banking in Nigeria is becoming more popular with customers now being able to use the ATM cards for different transactions. The internet banking, POS machines, telephone banking as well as mobile banking are some other e-products being used in Nigeria. This study examines how satisfied bank customers are with the e-products. The study found that the ATM is the most popular e-products among bank customers in Nigeria; followed by the POS. The least use of the e-products is telephone banking. The study also found that visits to banks for transactions declined with the use of e-products. The chi-square analysis shows that there is significant relationship between the use of banks’ e-products and customers’ satisfaction. One of the major reason adduced by respondents for low usage of e-products is insecurity or fear of cyber fraud, it is therefore recommended that banks should provide adequate. Security for transactions and ensure the proper backing up of critical data files. In addition, government should ensure stable electricity supply to reduce banks’ running costs and consequently, customers’ cost of transactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banks" title="banks">banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-products" title=" e-products"> e-products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46119/banking-innovation-and-customers-satisfaction-in-nigeria-a-case-study-of-some-selected-banks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">638</span> Determinants of Mobile Banking Apps Adoption among Bank Customers in Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masud%20Ibrahim">Masud Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> in Ghana. The sample of the study comprised 450 bank customers from universal banks operating in Ghana. A conceptual framework was framed from a revised TAM model. A total of nine hypotheses were developed and tested using Structural Equation Modeling Technique. Findings from this study revealed that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are influenced positively by design and perceived security. Also, perceived ease of use, social influence and perceived security risk were found to have a strong influence on mobile banking app adoption intention. This study provides significant insights and implications for banking organizations on how to ensure the adoption and usage of their mobile banking apps. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20banking%20app" title="mobile banking app">mobile banking app</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20ease%20of%20use" title=" perceived ease of use"> perceived ease of use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20usefulness" title=" perceived usefulness"> perceived usefulness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20acceptance%20model" title=" technology acceptance model"> technology acceptance model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142207/determinants-of-mobile-banking-apps-adoption-among-bank-customers-in-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">637</span> Enabling Cloud Adoption Based Secured Mobile Banking through Backend as a Service</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20Jagadeesh%20Kumar">P. S. Jagadeesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Meenakshi%20Sundaram"> S. Meenakshi Sundaram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the increase of prevailing non-traditional rivalry, mobile banking experiences an ever changing commercial backdrop. Substantial customer demands have established to be more intricate as customers request more expediency and superintend over their banking services. To enterprise advance and modernization in mobile banking applications, it is gradually obligatory to deeply leapfrog the scuffle using business model transformation. The dramaturgical vicissitudes taking place in mobile banking entail advanced traditions to exploit security. By reforming and transforming older back office into integrated mobile banking applications, banks can engender a supple and nimble banking environment that can rapidly respond to new business requirements over cloud computing. Cloud computing is transfiguring ecosystems in numerous industries, and mobile banking is no exemption providing services innovation, greater flexibility to respond to improved security and enhanced business intelligence with less cost. Cloud technology offer secure deployment possibilities that can provision banks in developing new customer experiences, empower operative relationship and advance speed to efficient banking transaction. Cloud adoption is escalating quickly since it can be made secured for commercial mobile banking transaction through backend as a service in scrutinizing the security strategies of the cloud service provider along with the antiquity of transaction details and their security related practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20adoption" title="cloud adoption">cloud adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backend%20as%20a%20service" title=" backend as a service"> backend as a service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20intelligence" title=" business intelligence"> business intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secured%20mobile%20banking" title=" secured mobile banking"> secured mobile banking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78153/enabling-cloud-adoption-based-secured-mobile-banking-through-backend-as-a-service" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">636</span> Religiosity and Customer Loyalty in Islamic Banking: An Evidence from Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Taimoor%20Hassan">Muhammad Taimoor Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kausar%20Abbas"> Kausar Abbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Islamic Banking Services is one of the growing businesses in financial sector around the globe with 15 to 18 percent growth all over the world and 10-12 percent growth rate in Pakistan. This research study is aimed at measuring the impact of religiosity on the customer loyalty of Islamic Banking in Pakistan. The study has utilized cause and effect research design to assess the impact of religiosity on Islamic Banking. Data from 350 respondents have been collected to meet the purpose of the study. The results revealed that the religiosity has a significant impact on the customer loyalty of Islamic Banking through the customer attitude and customer trust on the sequential model. The results suggest that the religiosity, customer attitude, and customer trust are the interconnected variables which lead to customer loyalty in Islamic Banking of Pakistan. The study is useful in the setting of Pakistan to further increase the customer loyalty for Islamic Banks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banks" title="Islamic banks">Islamic banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20loyalty" title=" customer loyalty"> customer loyalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title=" attitude"> attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan "> Pakistan </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92887/religiosity-and-customer-loyalty-in-islamic-banking-an-evidence-from-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">635</span> Exploring Leadership Adaptability in the Private Healthcare Organizations in the UK in Times of Crises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sade%20Ogundipe">Sade Ogundipe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The private healthcare sector in the United Kingdom has experienced unprecedented challenges during times of crisis, necessitating effective leadership adaptability. This qualitative study delves into the dynamic landscape of leadership within the sector, particularly during crises, employing the lenses of complexity theory and institutional theory to unravel the intricate mechanisms at play. Through in-depth interviews with 25 various levels of leaders in the UK private healthcare sector, this research explores how leaders in UK private healthcare organizations navigate complex and often chaotic environments, shedding light on their adaptive strategies and decision-making processes during crises. Complexity theory is used to analyze the complicated, volatile nature of healthcare crises, emphasizing the need for adaptive leadership in such contexts. Institutional theory, on the other hand, provides insights into how external and internal institutional pressures influence leadership behavior. Findings from this study highlight the multifaceted nature of leadership adaptability, emphasizing the significance of leaders' abilities to embrace uncertainty, engage in sensemaking, and leverage the institutional environment to enact meaningful changes. Furthermore, this research sheds light on the challenges and opportunities that leaders face when adapting to crises within the UK private healthcare sector. The study's insights contribute to the growing body of literature on leadership in healthcare, offering practical implications for leaders, policymakers, and stakeholders within the UK private healthcare sector. By employing the dual perspectives of complexity theory and institutional theory, this research provides a holistic understanding of leadership adaptability in the face of crises, offering valuable guidance for enhancing the resilience and effectiveness of healthcare leadership within this vital sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title="leadership">leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptability" title=" adaptability"> adaptability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-making" title=" decision-making"> decision-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complexity" title=" complexity"> complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complexity%20theory" title=" complexity theory"> complexity theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20theory" title=" institutional theory"> institutional theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20complexity" title=" organizational complexity"> organizational complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20adaptive%20system%20%28CAS%29" title=" complex adaptive system (CAS)"> complex adaptive system (CAS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crises" title=" crises"> crises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare" title=" healthcare"> healthcare</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182740/exploring-leadership-adaptability-in-the-private-healthcare-organizations-in-the-uk-in-times-of-crises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">634</span> Customers’ Acceptability of Islamic Banking: Employees’ Perspective in Peshawar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahira%20Imtiaz">Tahira Imtiaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karim%20Ullah"> Karim Ullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to incorporate the banks employees’ perspective on acceptability of Islamic banking by the customers of Peshawar. A qualitative approach is adopted for which six in-depth interviews with employees of Islamic banks are conducted. The employees were asked to share their experience regarding customers’ acceptance attitude towards acceptability of Islamic banking. Collected data was analyzed through thematic analysis technique and its synthesis with the current literature. Through data analysis a theoretical framework is developed, which highlights the factors which drive customers towards Islamic banking, as witnessed by the employees. The practical implication of analyzed data evident that a new model could be developed on the basis of four determinants of human preference namely: inner satisfaction, time, faith and market forces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customers%E2%80%99%20attraction" title="customers’ attraction">customers’ attraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employees%E2%80%99%20perspective" title=" employees’ perspective"> employees’ perspective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banking" title=" Islamic banking"> Islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riba" title=" Riba"> Riba</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49687/customers-acceptability-of-islamic-banking-employees-perspective-in-peshawar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">633</span> Competition, Stability, and Economic Growth: A Causality Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahvish%20Anwaar">Mahvish Anwaar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research Question: In this paper, we explore the causal relationship between banking competition, banking stability, and economic growth. Research Findings: The unbalanced panel data starting from 2000 to 2018 is collected to analyze the causality among banking competition, banking stability, and economic growth. The main focus of the study is to check the direction of causality among selected variables. The results of the study support the demand following, supply leading, feedback, and neutrality hypothesis conditional to different measures of banking competition, banking stability, and economic growth. Theoretical Implication: Jayakumar, Pradhan, Dash, Maradana, and Gaurav (2018) proposed a theoretical model of the causal relationship between banking competition, banking stability, and economic growth by using different indicators. So, we empirically test the proposed indicators in our study. This study makes a contribution to the literature by showing the defined relationship between developing and developed countries. Policy Implications: The study covers various policy implications regarding investors to analyze how to properly manage their finances, and government agencies will take help from the present study to find the best and most suitable policies by examining how the economy can grow concerning its finances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competition" title="competition">competition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20auto-regression" title=" vector auto-regression"> vector auto-regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=granger%20causality" title=" granger causality"> granger causality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179040/competition-stability-and-economic-growth-a-causality-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">632</span> Factors Affecting the Profitability of Commercial Banks: An Empirical Study of Indian Banking Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neeraj%20Gupta">Neeraj Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jitendra%20Mahakud"> Jitendra Mahakud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The banking system plays a major role in the Indian economy. Banking system is the payment gateway of most of the financial transactions. Banking has gone a major transition that is still in progress. Recent banking reforms after liberalization in 1991 have led to the establishment of the foreign banks in the country. The foreign banks are not listed in the Indian stock markets and have increased the competition leading to the capture of the significant share in the revenue from the public sector banks which are still the major players in the Indian banking sector. The performance of the banking sector depends on the internal (bank specific) as well as the external (market specific and macroeconomic) factors. Profitability in banking sector is affected by numerous factors which can be internal or external. The present study examines these internal and external factors which are likely to effect the profitablilty of the Indian banks. The sample consists of a panel dataset of 64 commercial banks in India, consisting of 1088 observations over the years from 1998 to 2016. The GMM dynamic panel estimation given by Arellano and Bond has been used. The study revealed that the variables capital adequacy ratio, deposit, age, labour productivity, non-performing asset, inflation and concentration have significant effect on performance measured. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banks%20in%20India" title="banks in India">banks in India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bank%20performance" title=" bank performance"> bank performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bank%20productivity" title=" bank productivity"> bank productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banking%20management" title=" banking management"> banking management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71535/factors-affecting-the-profitability-of-commercial-banks-an-empirical-study-of-indian-banking-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">631</span> An Overview of the Islamic Banking Development in the United Kingdom, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Kulshrestha">Pradeep Kulshrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maulana%20Ayoub%20Ali"> Maulana Ayoub Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The level of penetration of Islamic banking products and services has recorded a reasonable growth at an exponential rate in many parts of the world. There are many factors which have contributed to this growth including, but not limited to the rapid growth of number of Muslims who are uncomfortable with the conventional ways of banking, interest and higher interest rates scheduled by conventional banks and financial institutions as well as the financial inclusion campaign conducted in many countries. The system is facing legal challenges which open the research fdoor for practitioners and academicians for the sake of finding out solutions to those challenges. This paper tries to investigate the development of the Islamic banking system in the United Kingdom (UK), Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Iran, Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda in order to understand the modalities which have been employed to run an Islamic banking system in the aforementioned countries. The methodology which has been employed in doing this research paper is Doctrinal, of which legislations, policies and other legal tools have been carefully studied and analysed. Again, papers from academic journals, books and financial reports have been deeply analysed for the purpose of enriching the paper and come up with a tangible results. The paper found that in Asia, Malaysia has created the smoothest legal platform for Islamic banking system to work properly in the country. The United Kingdom has tried harder to smooth the banking system without affecting the conventional banking methods and without favouring the operations of Islamic banks. It also tries harder to make UK as an Islamic banking and finance hub in Europe. The entire banking system in Iran is Islamic, while Nigeria has undergone several legal reforms to suit Islamic banking system in the country. Kenya and Uganda are at a different pace in making Islamic Banking system work alongside the conventional banking system.   <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shariah" title="shariah">shariah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banking" title=" Islamic banking"> Islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title=" law"> law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20banking" title=" alternative banking"> alternative banking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105950/an-overview-of-the-islamic-banking-development-in-the-united-kingdom-malaysia-saudi-arabia-iran-nigeria-kenya-and-uganda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">630</span> Policy Implications of Cashless Banking on Nigeria’s Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwabiyi%20Adeola%20Ayodele">Oluwabiyi Adeola Ayodele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study analysed the Policy and general issues that have arisen over time in Nigeria’ Cashless banking environment as a result of the lack of a Legal framework on Electronic banking in Nigeria. It undertook an in-depth study of the cashless banking system. It discussed the evolution, growth and development of cashless banking in Nigeria; It revealed the expected benefits of the cashless banking system; It appraised regulatory issues and other prevalent problems on cashless banking in Nigeria; and made appropriate recommendations where necessary. The study relied on primary and secondary sources of information. The primary sources included the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Statutes, Conventions and Judicial decisions, while the secondary sources included Books, Journals Articles, Newspapers and Internet Materials. The study revealed that cashless banking has been adopted in Nigeria but still at the developing stage. It revealed that there is no law for the regulation of cashless banking in Nigeria, what Nigeria relies on for regulation is the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Cashless Policy, 2014. The Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act Chapter B3, LFN, 2004 of Nigeria lack provision to accommodate issues on Internet banking. However, under the general principles of legality in criminal law, and by the provisions of the Nigerian Constitution, a person can only be punished for conducts that have been defined to be criminal by written laws with the penalties specifically stated in the law. Although Nigeria has potent laws for the regulation of paper banking, these laws cannot be substituted for paperless transactions. This is because the issues involved in both transactions vary. The study also revealed that the absence of law in the cashless banking environment in Nigeria will subject consumers to endless risks. This study revealed that the creation of banking markets via the Internet relies on both available technologies and appropriate laws and regulations. It revealed however that Law of some of the countries considered on cashless banking has taken care of most of the legal issues and other problems prevalent in the cashless banking environment. The study also revealed some other problems prevalent in the Nigerian cashless banking environment. The study concluded that for Nigeria to find solutions to the legal issues raised in its cashless banking environment and other problems of cashless banking, it should have a viable legal Frame work for internet banking. The study concluded that the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Policy on Cashless banking is not potent enough to tackle the challenges posed to cashless banking in Nigeria because policies only have a persuasive effect and not a binding effect. There is, therefore, a need for appropriate Laws for the regulation of cashless Banking in Nigeria. The study also concluded that there is a need to create more awareness of the system among Nigerians and solve infrastructural problems like prevalent power outage which often have been creating internet network problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cashless-banking" title="cashless-banking">cashless-banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policies" title=" policies"> policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laws" title=" laws"> laws</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25920/policy-implications-of-cashless-banking-on-nigerias-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25920.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">629</span> Liquidity Management in Islamic Banks: Challenges and Prospects for Non-Interest Banking in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatai%20O.%20Bakare">Fatai O. Bakare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper x-rays the liquidity problems exposed to by Islamic banks in terms of challenges in managing surplus as well as deficit liquidity positions and the attendant effects in the contemporary system of Islamic banking. Effective liquidity management is understood to be a cardinal consideration for sustainability of Islamic/non-interest banking in Nigeria and the world over. While a background is laid by considering the general situations at a global scale, a particular attention is devoted to the peculiar circumstances of the non-interest banking in Nigeria. In bring home the points various efforts of major notable supra-national institutions in bridging liquidity management gap in Islamic banks are presented. While it is believed that a good lesson could be learnt from the developmental phases of Malaysian Islamic banking system and the approaches to meeting its liquidity management problems, much emphasis is laid in maintaining that, although in the absence of political will to provide systemic support for non-interest banking in Nigeria, the challenge of liquidity management is not unsurmountable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deficit" title="deficit">deficit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquidity%20management" title=" liquidity management"> liquidity management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-interest" title=" non-interest"> non-interest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surplus" title=" surplus"> surplus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13700/liquidity-management-in-islamic-banks-challenges-and-prospects-for-non-interest-banking-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13700.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">628</span> The Impact of Inflation Rate and Interest Rate on Islamic and Conventional Banking in Afghanistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tareq%20Nikzad">Tareq Nikzad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the first bank was established in 1933, Afghanistan's banking sector has seen a number of variations but hasn't been able to grow to its full potential because of the civil war. The implementation of dual banks in Afghanistan is investigated in this study in relation to the effects of inflation and interest rates. This research took data from World Bank Data (WBD) over a period of nineteen years. For the banking sector, inflation, which is the general rise in prices of goods and services over time, presents considerable difficulties. The objectives of this research are to analyze the effect of inflation and interest rates on conventional and Islamic banks in Afghanistan, identify potential differences between these two banking models, and provide insights for policymakers and practitioners. A mixed-methods approach is used in the research to analyze quantitative data and qualitatively examine the unique difficulties that banks in Afghanistan's economic atmosphere encounter. The findings contribute to the understanding of the relationship between interest rate, inflation rate, and the performance of both banking systems in Afghanistan. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers and banking institutions to enhance the stability and growth of the banking sector in Afghanistan. Interest is described as "a prefixed rate for use or borrowing of money" from an Islamic perspective. This "prefixed rate," known in Islamic economics as "riba," has been described as "something undesirable." Furthermore, by using the time series regression data technique on the annual data from 2003 to 2021, this research examines the effect of CPI inflation rate and interest rate of Banking in Afghanistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflation" title="inflation">inflation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banking" title=" Islamic banking"> Islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20banking" title=" conventional banking"> conventional banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interest" title=" interest"> interest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afghanistan" title=" Afghanistan"> Afghanistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174746/the-impact-of-inflation-rate-and-interest-rate-on-islamic-and-conventional-banking-in-afghanistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">627</span> The Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Banking Development and Progress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Malak%20Hanna%20Saad">Mina Malak Hanna Saad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> New strategies for supplying banking services to the customer have been brought, which include online banking. Banks have begun to recall electronic banking (e-banking) as a manner to replace some conventional department features by means of the usage of the internet as a brand-new distribution channel. A few clients have at least one account at multiple banks and get admission to those debts through online banking. To test their present-day internet worth, customers need to log into each of their debts, get particular statistics, and paint closer to consolidation. Not only is it time-ingesting; however, but it is also a repeatable activity with a certain frequency. To solve this problem, the idea of account aggregation was delivered as a solution. Account consolidation in e-banking as a form of digital banking appears to build stronger dating with clients. An account linking service is usually known as a service that permits customers to manipulate their bank accounts held at exceptional institutions through a common online banking platform that places a high priority on safety and statistics protection. The object affords an outline of the account aggregation approach in e-banking as a distinct carrier in the area of e-banking. The advanced facts generation is becoming a vital thing in the improvement of financial services enterprise, specifically the banking enterprise. It has brought different ways of delivering banking to the purchaser, which includes net Banking. Banks began to study electronic banking (e-banking) as a means to update some of their traditional branch functions and the use of the net as a distribution channel. Some clients have at least multiple accounts throughout banks and get the right of entry to that money owed through the usage of e-banking offerings. To examine the contemporary internet's well-worth position, customers have to log in to each of their money owed, get the information and work on consolidation. This no longer takes sufficient time; however, it is a repetitive interest at a specified frequency. To address this point, an account aggregation idea is brought as an answer. E-banking account aggregation, as one of the e-banking kinds, appeared to construct a more potent dating with clients. Account Aggregation carrier usually refers to a service that allows clients to control their bank bills maintained in one-of-a-kind institutions via a common Internet banking working platform, with an excessive subject to protection and privateness. This paper offers an overview of an e-banking account aggregation technique as a new provider in the e-banking field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compatibility" title="compatibility">compatibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complexity" title=" complexity"> complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20banking" title=" mobile banking"> mobile banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=observation" title=" observation"> observation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20banking%20technology" title=" risk banking technology"> risk banking technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Internet%20banks" title=" Internet banks"> Internet banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modernization%20of%20banks" title=" modernization of banks"> modernization of banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banks" title=" banks"> banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=account%20aggregation" title=" account aggregation"> account aggregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20developmente-banking" title=" enterprise developmente-banking"> enterprise developmente-banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20development" title=" enterprise development"> enterprise development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189303/the-effect-of-artificial-intelligence-on-banking-development-and-progress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">35</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">626</span> Commerce and Islamic Banking System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmoune%20Abdelhaq">Rahmoune Abdelhaq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Systemic Islamic banking has been in practice for long but started receiving due attention and high popularity since last decade. It has received a warm welcome from all over the world and these banks operating on Islamic principles have been able to get a sizeable business not only in Islamic countries but in non-Islamic countries too. Despite exemplary advancements and achievements, there remains number of controversies over various underlying concepts and practices. This paper basically explores and highlights all those controversies and challenges which are in minds of different school of thoughts and are needed to be addressed and overcome if Islamic banking continues flourishing the way it is at present. The authors have also tried to suggest suitable remedies to overcome these challenges where appropriate. As well, This paper makes an attempt to review major principles surrounding the working of Islamic banking and its historical growth. A brief overview of main differences between the Islamic banking and the conventional banking. In addition, references are particularly made to implications arising from the emergence of e-commerce and the realities that the Islamic Shari’ah law has to consider in adopting the new phenomenon into its banking system. This paper shows, whilst the conventional banking and financial system is based on the principle of rationality and interest, the Islamic financial system is based on morality and social justice which prohibits interest as a means of speculation and injustice. The concepts of e-business such as e-commerce and e-banking are acceptable in Islam as since in Islam anything is halal unless prohibited by Shari’ah, dealing with business by internet is considered as Shari’ah compliant. This paper, therefore, provides the latest thinking of e-business from an Islamic viewpoint, thus creating a reference point and valued information for a future research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20Finance" title="Islamic Finance">Islamic Finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principles%20of%20Islamic%20banking" title=" principles of Islamic banking"> principles of Islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20commerce" title=" Islamic commerce"> Islamic commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shari%E2%80%99ah%20compliant" title=" Shari’ah compliant"> Shari’ah compliant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34581/commerce-and-islamic-banking-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">625</span> Behind Egypt’s Financial Crisis: Dollarization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Layal%20Mansour">Layal Mansour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper breaks down Egypt’s financial crisis by constructing a customized financial stress index by including the vulnerable economic indicator “dollarization” as a vulnerable indicator in the credit and exchange sector. The Financial Stress Index for Egypt (FSIE) includes informative vulnerable indicators of the main financial sectors: the banking sector, the equities market, and the foreign exchange market. It is calculated on a monthly basis from 2010 to December 2022, so to report the two recent world’s most devastating financial crises: Covid 19 crisis and Ukraine-Russia War, in addition to the local 2016 and 2022 financial crises. We proceed first by a graphical analysis then by empirical analysis in running under Vector Autoregression (VAR) Model, dynamic causality tests between foreign reserves, dollarization rate, and FSIE. The graphical analysis shows that unexpectedly, Egypt’s economy seems to be immune to internal economic/political instabilities, however it is highly exposed to the foreign and exchange market. Empirical analysis confirms the graphical observations and proves that dollarization, or more precisely debt in foreign currency seems to be the main trigger of Egypt’s current financial crisis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egypt" title="egypt">egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20crisis" title=" financial crisis"> financial crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20stress%20index" title=" financial stress index"> financial stress index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dollarization" title=" dollarization"> dollarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VAR%20model" title=" VAR model"> VAR model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causality%20tests" title=" causality tests"> causality tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161475/behind-egypts-financial-crisis-dollarization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banking%20crises&page=1" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banking%20crises&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banking%20crises&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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