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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Test_statistico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Test statistico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Test_statistico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ipotesi nulla</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 35 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85" title="فرضية العدم - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرضية العدم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1f%C4%B1r_hipotezi" title="Sıfır hipotezi - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sıfır hipotezi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="নাস্তি কল্পনা - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাস্তি কল্পনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%C3%B2tesi_nul%C2%B7la" title="Hipòtesi nul·la - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hipòtesi nul·la" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%B5" title="گریمانەی بەتاڵ - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گریمانەی بەتاڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhagdybiaeth_nwl" title="Rhagdybiaeth nwl - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhagdybiaeth nwl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nulhypotese" title="Nulhypotese - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nulhypotese" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullhypothese" title="Nullhypothese - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nullhypothese" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_hypothesis" title="Null hypothesis - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Null hypothesis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%C3%B3tesis_nula" title="Hipótesis nula - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hipótesis nula" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullh%C3%BCpotees" title="Nullhüpotees - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nullhüpotees" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipotesi_nulu" title="Hipotesi nulu - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hipotesi nulu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1" title="فرض صفر - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرض صفر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nollahypoteesi" title="Nollahypoteesi - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nollahypoteesi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoth%C3%A8se_nulle" title="Hypothèse nulle - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hypothèse nulle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A1" title="השערת האפס - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="השערת האפס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="रिक्त परिकल्पना - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रिक्त परिकल्पना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullhipot%C3%A9zis" title="Nullhipotézis - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nullhipotézis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B0%E7%84%A1%E4%BB%AE%E8%AA%AC" title="帰無仮説 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="帰無仮説" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_hypothesis" title="Null hypothesis - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Null hypothesis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%80%EB%AC%B4_%EA%B0%80%EC%84%A4" title="귀무 가설 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="귀무 가설" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullhypotese" title="Nullhypotese - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nullhypotese" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%C3%B3tese_nula" title="Hipótese nula - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hipótese nula" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Нулевая гипотеза - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нулевая гипотеза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_hypothesis" title="Null hypothesis - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Null hypothesis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Нулта хипотеза - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нулта хипотеза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_hypothesis" title="Null hypothesis - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Null hypothesis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nollhypotes" title="Nollhypotes - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nollhypotes" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="பூஜ்ய கற்பிதக் கொள்கை - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பூஜ்ய கற்பிதக் கொள்கை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="สมมุติฐานว่าง - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมมุติฐานว่าง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C5%9F_hipotez" title="Boş hipotez - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Boş hipotez" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Нульова гіпотеза - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нульова гіпотеза" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BA%A3_thuy%E1%BA%BFt_kh%C3%B4ng" title="Giả thuyết không - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giả thuyết không" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%81%87%E8%AE%BE" title="零假设 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="零假设" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E7%84%A1%E5%81%87%E8%AA%AA" title="虛無假說 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="虛無假說" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q628374#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ipotesi_nulla" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Ipotesi_nulla" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ipotesi_nulla"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ipotesi_nulla"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Ipotesi_nulla" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Ipotesi_nulla" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&oldid=141356406" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Ipotesi_nulla&id=141356406&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIpotesi_nulla"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIpotesi_nulla"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ipotesi+nulla"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ipotesi_nulla&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q628374" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata noprint plainlinks avviso avviso-generico"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_uc_sigma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abbozzo statistica"><img alt="Abbozzo statistica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Greek_uc_sigma.svg/45px-Greek_uc_sigma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Greek_uc_sigma.svg/68px-Greek_uc_sigma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Greek_uc_sigma.svg/90px-Greek_uc_sigma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce  sugli argomenti teoria della probabilità e statistica è solo un <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Abbozzo" title="Aiuto:Abbozzo">abbozzo</a></b>.<br /> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&action=edit">Contribuisci</a> a migliorarla secondo le <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Manuale_di_stile" title="Aiuto:Manuale di stile">convenzioni di Wikipedia</a>. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Statistica" title="Progetto:Statistica">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> <div class="hide-when-compact"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Un'<b>ipotesi nulla</b> (in inglese <i>null hypothesis,</i> che significa letteralmente ipotesi zero) è un'affermazione sulla distribuzione di probabilità di una o più <a href="/wiki/Variabile_casuale" title="Variabile casuale">variabili casuali</a>. Si intende per ipotesi nulla l'affermazione secondo la quale non ci sia differenza oppure non vi sia relazione tra due fenomeni misurati, o associazione tra due gruppi.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Solitamente viene assunta vera, finché non si trova una evidenza che la confuti. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Test_statistico">Test statistico</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Test statistico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Test statistico"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel <a href="/wiki/Test_statistico" class="mw-redirect" title="Test statistico">test statistico</a> viene verificata in termini probabilistici la validità di un'<a href="/wiki/Ipotesi_statistica" title="Ipotesi statistica">ipotesi statistica</a>, detta appunto ipotesi nulla, di solito indicata con <i>H</i><sub>0</sub>. Attraverso una funzione dei dati campionari si decide se accettare l'ipotesi nulla o meno. Nel caso l'ipotesi nulla venga rifiutata si accetterà l'ipotesi alternativa, indicata con <i>H</i><sub>1</sub>. Se si rifiuta un'ipotesi nulla che nella realtà è vera, allora si dice che si è commesso un errore di prima specie (o <a href="/wiki/Falso_negativo" class="mw-redirect" title="Falso negativo">falso negativo</a>). Accettando invece un'ipotesi nulla falsa si commette un errore di seconda specie (o <a href="/wiki/Falso_positivo" class="mw-redirect" title="Falso positivo">falso positivo</a>). </p><p>L'ipotesi può essere di tipo funzionale se riferita alla forma della f (x;θ) con f funzione di densità o di probabilità, o parametrica se riferita al vettore incognito θ. L'ipotesi è semplice quando specifica completamente la f (x;θ). Nel caso un'ipotesi non sia semplice si dirà composta. Quando si considera un solo parametro l'ipotesi semplice è del tipo θ=θ<sub>0</sub>, dove θ<sub>0</sub> è un valore particolare. Un'ipotesi è unilaterale se è del tipo θ > θ<sub>0</sub> oppure del tipo θ < θ<sub>0</sub>. </p><p>Un'ipotesi è bilaterale se è del tipo θ ≠ θ<sub>0</sub> oppure del tipo θ < θ<sub>0</sub> e θ > θ<sub>0</sub>. </p><p>Tali ipotesi sono effettuate con un certo grado di fiducia. La stessa ipotesi può essere vera o falsa a seconda del grado di fiducia utilizzato. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Brian Everitt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39485120"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Cambridge Dictionary of Statistics</span></a>, Cambridge University Press, 1998, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0521593468" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0521593468">0521593468</a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/39485120">39485120</a>. <small>URL consultato il 2 giugno 2019</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ipotesi_statistica" title="Ipotesi statistica">Ipotesi statistica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_KPSS" title="Test KPSS">Test KPSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_di_verifica_d%27ipotesi" title="Test di verifica d'ipotesi">Test di verifica d'ipotesi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipotesi_nulla&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/null-hypothesis"><span style="font-style:italic;">null hypothesis</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628374#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMathWorld" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Eric W. Weisstein, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/NullHypothesis.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ipotesi nulla</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/MathWorld" title="MathWorld">MathWorld</a></span>, Wolfram Research.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628374#P2812" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Statistica"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Statistica" title="Template:Statistica"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Statistica" title="Discussioni template:Statistica"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Statistica&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Statistica" title="Statistica">Statistica</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Teoria statistica</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:200px;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Statistica_descrittiva" title="Statistica descrittiva">Statistica descrittiva</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Media_(statistica)" title="Media (statistica)">Media</a> (<a href="/wiki/Media_(statistica)#Media_aritmetica" title="Media (statistica)">aritmetica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Media_(statistica)#Media_geometrica" title="Media (statistica)">geometrica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Media_armonica" title="Media armonica">armonica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Media_(statistica)#Media_di_potenza" title="Media (statistica)">di potenza</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Media_(statistica)#Media_aritmetico-geometrica" title="Media (statistica)">aritmetico-geometrica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Media_(statistica)#Media_integrale" title="Media (statistica)">integrale</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mediana_(statistica)" title="Mediana (statistica)">Mediana</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Moda_(statistica)" title="Moda (statistica)">Moda</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Campo_di_variazione" title="Campo di variazione">Intervallo di variazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Varianza" title="Varianza">Varianza</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scarto_quadratico_medio" title="Scarto quadratico medio">Deviazione standard</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scarto_medio_assoluto" title="Scarto medio assoluto">Scarto medio assoluto</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Simmetria_(statistica)" title="Simmetria (statistica)">Simmetria</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Differenza_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Differenza media">Differenza media</a> (<a href="/wiki/Differenza_media_assoluta" 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title="Sito web">Siti web</a> statistici</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Our_World_in_Data" title="Our World in Data">Our World in Data</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Statista_(sito_web)" title="Statista (sito web)">Statista</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_(azienda)" title="Bloomberg (azienda)">Bloomberg Terminal</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Google_Public_Data_Explorer" title="Google Public Data Explorer">Google Public Data Explorer</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/World_Inequality_Database" title="World Inequality Database">World Inequality Database</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/TradingEconomics" title="TradingEconomics">TradingEconomics</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Armed_Conflict_Location_and_Event_Data_Project" title="Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project">ACLED</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:200px;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">Software</a> <a href="/wiki/Econometria" title="Econometria">econometrici</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Gretl" title="Gretl">gretl</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/EViews" title="EViews">EViews</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Concetti_base_di_metrologia,_statistica_e_metodologia_della_ricerca"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Concetti_base_di_metrologia,_statistica_e_metodologia_della_ricerca" title="Template:Concetti base di metrologia, statistica e metodologia della ricerca"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Concetti_base_di_metrologia,_statistica_e_metodologia_della_ricerca" title="Discussioni template:Concetti base di 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title="Misurando">Misurando</a> · <a href="/wiki/Precisione" title="Precisione">Precisione</a> · <a href="/wiki/Accuratezza" title="Accuratezza">Accuratezza</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ripetibilit%C3%A0" title="Ripetibilità">Ripetibilità</a> · <a href="/wiki/Riproducibilit%C3%A0" title="Riproducibilità">Riproducibilità</a> · <a href="/wiki/Significativit%C3%A0" title="Significatività">Significatività</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tolleranza_(ingegneria)" title="Tolleranza (ingegneria)">Tolleranza</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sensibilit%C3%A0_di_un_sistema_di_misura" title="Sensibilità di un sistema di misura">Sensibilità</a> · <a href="/wiki/Risoluzione_(metrologia)" title="Risoluzione (metrologia)">Risoluzione</a> <small>(<i><a href="/wiki/Risoluzione_laterale" title="Risoluzione laterale">Risoluzione laterale</a></i>)</small> · <a href="/wiki/Omoschedasticit%C3%A0" title="Omoschedasticità">Omoschedasticità</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eteroschedasticit%C3%A0" title="Eteroschedasticità">Eteroschedasticità</a> · <a 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· <a href="/wiki/Errore_statistico" title="Errore statistico">Errore statistico</a> · <a href="/wiki/Errore_di_sensibilit%C3%A0" title="Errore di sensibilità">Errore di sensibilità</a> · <a href="/wiki/Falso_positivo_e_falso_negativo" title="Falso positivo e falso negativo">Falso positivo e falso negativo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Errore_assoluto" title="Errore assoluto">Errore assoluto</a> · <a href="/wiki/Errore_relativo" title="Errore relativo">Errore relativo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Propagazione_degli_errori" title="Propagazione degli errori">Propagazione degli errori</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bias_(statistica)" title="Bias (statistica)">Bias</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Minimizzazione dell'errore</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Bianco_analitico" title="Bianco analitico">Bianco analitico</a> · <a href="/wiki/Taratura" title="Taratura">Taratura</a> · <a href="/wiki/Calibrazione" title="Calibrazione">Calibrazione</a> · <a 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title="Campionamento casuale">Campionamento casuale</a> <small>(<i><a href="/wiki/Campionamento_sistematico" title="Campionamento sistematico">Campionamento sistematico</a> · <a href="/wiki/Campionamento_stratificato" title="Campionamento stratificato">Campionamento stratificato</a> · <a href="/wiki/Campionamento_a_grappoli" title="Campionamento a grappoli">Campionamento a grappoli</a> · <a href="/wiki/Campionamento_multistadio" title="Campionamento multistadio">Campionamento multistadio</a></i>)</small> · <a href="/wiki/Campionamento_probabilistico" title="Campionamento probabilistico">Campionamento probabilistico</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Parametri di varianza</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Varianza" title="Varianza">Varianza</a> · <a href="/wiki/Covarianza_(probabilit%C3%A0)" title="Covarianza (probabilità)">Covarianza</a> · <a href="/wiki/Scarto_quadratico_medio" title="Scarto quadratico medio">Scarto quadratico 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