CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Adult - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7c3fa8a2-daf1-4730-afa9-bc7cac38c1bf","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Adult","wgTitle":"Adult","wgCurRevisionId":1258537213,"wgRevisionId":1258537213,"wgArticleId":167334,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with incomplete citations","Articles with incomplete citations from June 2021","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from June 2021","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2019","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles with excerpts","Adulthood","Biological concepts","Juvenile law"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Adult","wgRelevantArticleId":167334,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q80994","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands", "architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ComputerHotline_-_Danaus_plexippus_%28by%29_%283%29.jpg/1200px-ComputerHotline_-_Danaus_plexippus_%28by%29_%283%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1284"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ComputerHotline_-_Danaus_plexippus_%28by%29_%283%29.jpg/800px-ComputerHotline_-_Danaus_plexippus_%28by%29_%283%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="856"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ComputerHotline_-_Danaus_plexippus_%28by%29_%283%29.jpg/640px-ComputerHotline_-_Danaus_plexippus_%28by%29_%283%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="685"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Adult - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Adult&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Adult rootpage-Adult skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Adult" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Adult" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Adult" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Adult" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biological_adulthood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biological_adulthood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biological adulthood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biological_adulthood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_adulthood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_adulthood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legal adulthood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_adulthood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_construction_of_adulthood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_construction_of_adulthood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Social construction of adulthood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_construction_of_adulthood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Adult</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 90 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volwassene" title="Volwassene – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Volwassene" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA" title="بالغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بالغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granta_p%C3%A8rsona" title="Granta pèrsona – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Granta pèrsona" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adultu" title="Adultu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Adultu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yetkinlik" title="Yetkinlik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yetkinlik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%AA%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="یئتکینلیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یئتکینلیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Da-l%C3%A2ng" title="Tōa-lâng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tōa-lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Өлкән – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Өлкән" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Дарослы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дарослы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Дарослы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дарослы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="ན་སོ་ལོན་པ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ན་སོ་ལོན་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adultesa" title="Adultesa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Adultesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%C4%83%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Вăйпитти – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вăйпитти" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedolyn" title="Oedolyn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Oedolyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voksen" title="Voksen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Voksen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwachsener" title="Erwachsener – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erwachsener" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4iskasvanu" title="Täiskasvanu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Täiskasvanu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%AE%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ενήλικος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ενήλικος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adulto" title="Adulto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Adulto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plenkreskeco" title="Plenkreskeco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plenkreskeco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heldu" title="Heldu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Heldu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84" title="بزرگسال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بزرگسال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adulte" title="Adulte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Adulte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folwoeksene" title="Folwoeksene – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Folwoeksene" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aosach" title="Aosach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aosach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbheach" title="Inbheach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Inbheach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adulto" title="Adulto – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Adulto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%BA" title="大人 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="大人" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%A5%B8" title="어른 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="어른" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baligi" title="Baligi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Baligi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Չափահասություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չափահասություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="वयस्क – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वयस्क" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odrasli" title="Odrasli – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Odrasli" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewasa" title="Dewasa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dewasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullor%C3%B0inn_einstaklingur" title="Fullorðinn einstaklingur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fullorðinn einstaklingur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adulto" title="Adulto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Adulto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="בגרות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בגרות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ересек адам – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ересек адам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watu_wazima" title="Watu wazima – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Watu wazima" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran-moun" title="Gran-moun – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gran-moun" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelam" title="Zelam – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zelam" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieaugu%C5%A1ais" title="Pieaugušais – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pieaugušais" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suaugyst%C4%97" title="Suaugystė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Suaugystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adulte" title="Adulte – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Adulte" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feln%C5%91tts%C3%A9g" title="Felnőttség – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Felnőttség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC" title="മുതിർന്നവർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുതിർന്നവർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="तारुण्य – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तारुण्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewasa" title="Dewasa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dewasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adulto" title="Adulto – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Adulto" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volwassene" title="Volwassene – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Volwassene" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="वयस्क – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वयस्क" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3" title="तरुण – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तरुण" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%BA" title="大人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voksen" title="Voksen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Voksen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaksen" title="Vaksen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vaksen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult" title="Adult – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Adult" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolt" title="Adolt – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Adolt" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99" title="មនុស្សពេញវ័យ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មនុស្សពេញវ័យ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult" title="Adult – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Adult" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doros%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Dorosłość – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dorosłość" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adulto" title="Adulto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Adulto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult" title="Adult – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Adult" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayaq_runa" title="Sayaq runa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sayaq runa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Взрослый – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Взрослый" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosha_madhore" title="Mosha madhore – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mosha madhore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granni" title="Granni – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Granni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult" title="Adult – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Adult" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dospelos%C5%A5" title="Dospelosť – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dospelosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odraslost" title="Odraslost – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Odraslost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaangaadh" title="Qaangaadh – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qaangaadh" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88" title="گەورەبوو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەورەبوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Одрасли – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Одрасли" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odrasli" title="Odrasli – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Odrasli" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawawa" title="Sawawa – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sawawa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikuisuus" title="Aikuisuus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aikuisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuxen" title="Vuxen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vuxen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adulto" title="Adulto – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Adulto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="முதிர் அகவையர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதிர் அகவையர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88" title="ผู้ใหญ่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผู้ใหญ่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeti%C5%9Fkin" title="Yetişkin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yetişkin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дорослий – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дорослий" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA" title="بلوغ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلوغ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_l%E1%BB%9Bn" title="Người lớn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người lớn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_djin" title="Grande djin – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Grande djin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA" title="成年人 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="成年人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munhu_lonkulu" title="Munhu lonkulu – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Munhu lonkulu" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="ערוואקסענער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ערוואקסענער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%BA" title="大人 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA" title="成年人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="成年人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80994#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Adult" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Adult" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Adult"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Adult"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Adult" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Adult" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult&oldid=1258537213" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Adult&id=1258537213&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAdult"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAdult"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Adult&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Adult_humans" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Adult" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80994" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Being that is fully grown</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Adulthood" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Adult_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Adult (disambiguation)">Adult (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adulthood_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Adulthood (disambiguation)">Adulthood (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ComputerHotline_-_Danaus_plexippus_(by)_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ComputerHotline_-_Danaus_plexippus_%28by%29_%283%29.jpg/220px-ComputerHotline_-_Danaus_plexippus_%28by%29_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ComputerHotline_-_Danaus_plexippus_%28by%29_%283%29.jpg/330px-ComputerHotline_-_Danaus_plexippus_%28by%29_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ComputerHotline_-_Danaus_plexippus_%28by%29_%283%29.jpg/440px-ComputerHotline_-_Danaus_plexippus_%28by%29_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2461" data-file-height="2634" /></a><figcaption>Adult moths and butterflies are easily distinguished from their <a href="/wiki/Caterpillar" title="Caterpillar">caterpillars</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>adult</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animal</a> that has reached <a href="/wiki/Developmental_biology" title="Developmental biology">full growth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Biological" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological">biological</a> definition of the word means an animal reaching <a href="/wiki/Sexual_maturity" title="Sexual maturity">sexual maturity</a> and thus capable of <a href="/wiki/Reproduction" title="Reproduction">reproduction</a>. In the human context, the term <i>adult</i> has meanings associated with <a href="/wiki/Social" title="Social">social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">legal</a> concepts. In contrast to a non-adult or "<a href="/wiki/Minor_(law)" title="Minor (law)">minor</a>", a <b>legal adult</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Person" title="Person">person</a> who has attained the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">age of majority</a> and is therefore regarded as independent, <a href="/wiki/Self-sufficient" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-sufficient">self-sufficient</a>, and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/responsible" class="extiw" title="wikt:responsible">responsible</a>. They may also be regarded as "majors". The typical age of attaining legal adulthood is 18, although definition may vary by legal rights, country, and psychological development. </p><p>Human adulthood encompasses <a href="/wiki/Adult_development" title="Adult development">psychological adult development</a>. Definitions of adulthood are often inconsistent and contradictory; a person may be biologically an adult, and have adult behavior, but still be treated as a <a href="/wiki/Child" title="Child">child</a> if they are under the legal age of majority. Conversely, one may legally be an adult but possess none of the <a href="/wiki/Maturity_(psychological)" title="Maturity (psychological)">maturity</a> and responsibility that may define an adult character. </p><p>In different cultures, there are events that relate passing from being a child to becoming an adult or <a href="/wiki/Coming_of_age" title="Coming of age">coming of age</a>. This often encompasses passing a series of tests to demonstrate that a person is prepared for adulthood, or reaching a specified age, sometimes in conjunction with demonstrating preparation. Most modern societies determine legal adulthood based on reaching a legally specified age without requiring a demonstration of physical maturity or preparation for adulthood. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biological_adulthood">Biological adulthood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biological adulthood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically and cross-culturally, adulthood has been determined primarily by the start of <a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">puberty</a> (the appearance of <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sex_characteristics" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary sex characteristics">secondary sex characteristics</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Menstruation" title="Menstruation">menstruation</a> and the development of breasts in women, <a href="/wiki/Ejaculation" title="Ejaculation">ejaculation</a>, the development of facial hair, and a deeper voice in men, and pubic hair in both sexes).<sup id="cite_ref-McNamara_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNamara-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the past, a person usually moved from the status of child directly to the status of adult, often with this shift being marked by some type of coming-of-age test or ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Industrial Revolution, children went to work as soon as they could in order to help provide for their family. There was not a huge emphasis on school or education in general. Many children could get a job and were not required to have experience as adults are nowadays. Adulthood, in more recent years, as it has been studied has developed a characteristic list, that goes far beyond just ones physical maturity.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These markers for a full, mentally developed, adult include traits of personal responsibilities in multiple aspects of life. </p><p>Although few or no established dictionaries provide a definition for the two-word term <i>biological adult</i>, the first definition of <i>adult</i> in multiple dictionaries includes "the stage of the life cycle of an animal after reproductive capacity has been attained".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the base definition of the word <i>adult</i> is the period beginning at physical sexual maturity, which occurs sometime after the onset of puberty. Although this is the primary definition of the base word "adult", the term is also frequently used to refer to social adults. The two-word term <i>biological adult</i> stresses or clarifies that the original definition, based on physical maturity (i.e. having reached reproductive competency), is being used.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The time of <a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">puberty</a> varies from child to child, but usually begins between 10 and 12 years old. Girls typically begin the process of puberty at age 10 or 11, and boys at age 11 or 12.<sup id="cite_ref-Kail_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kail-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schuiling_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schuiling-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Phillips_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phillips-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Girls generally complete puberty by 15–17, and boys by age 16 or 17.<sup id="cite_ref-Phillips_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phillips-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Solomon_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Solomon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nutrition, genetics and environment also usually play a part in the onset of puberty.<sup id="cite_ref-xia_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xia-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Girls will go through a growth spurt and gain weight in several areas of their body. Boys will go through similar spurts in growth, though it is usually not in a similar style or time frame. This is due to the natural processes of puberty, but genetics also plays a part in how much weight they gain or how much taller they get.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One recent area of debate within the science of brain development is the most likely chronological age for full <a href="/wiki/Maturity_(psychological)" title="Maturity (psychological)">mental maturity</a>, or indeed, if such an age even exists. Common claims repeated in the media since 2005 (based upon interpretations of imaging data) have commonly suggested an "end-point" of 25, referring to the prefrontal cortex as one area that is not yet fully mature at the age of 18. However, this is based on an interpretation of a brain imaging study by Jay Giedd, dating back to 2004 or 2005, where the only participants were aged up to 21 years, and Giedd assumed this maturing process would be done by the age of 25 years, whereas more recent studies show prefrontal cortex maturation continuing well past the age of 30 years, marking this interpretation as incorrect and outdated.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_adulthood">Legal adulthood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legal adulthood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">Age of majority</a></div> <p>Legally, <i>adulthood</i> typically means that one has reached the age of majority – when parents lose parental rights and responsibilities regarding the person concerned.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depending on one's jurisdiction, the age of majority may or may not be set independently of and should not be confused with the minimum ages applicable to other activities, such as engaging in a <a href="/wiki/Contract" title="Contract">contract</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voting" title="Voting">voting</a>, having a <a href="/wiki/Employment" title="Employment">job</a>, serving in the <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a>, buying/possessing <a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">firearms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Driving" title="Driving">driving</a>, traveling abroad, involvement with <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic beverages">alcoholic beverages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smoking" title="Tobacco smoking">smoking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">sexual activity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gambling" title="Gambling">gambling</a>, being a model or actor in <a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">pornography</a>, running for <a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">president</a>, etc. Admission of a young person to a place may be restricted because of danger for that person, concern that the place may lead the person to immoral behavior, or because of the risk that the young person causes damage (for example, at an exhibition of fragile items). </p><p>One can distinguish the legality of acts of a young person, or of enabling a young person to carry out that act, by selling, renting out, showing, permitting entrance, allowing participation, etc. There may be distinction between commercially and socially enabling. Sometimes there is the requirement of supervision by a <a href="/wiki/Legal_guardian" title="Legal guardian">legal guardian</a>, or just by an adult. Sometimes there is no requirement, but rather a recommendation. </p><p>Using the example of pornography, one can distinguish between: </p> <ul><li>being allowed inside an adult establishment</li> <li>being allowed to purchase pornography</li> <li>being allowed to possess pornography</li> <li>another person being allowed to sell, rent out, or show the young person pornography, see <a href="/wiki/Disseminating_pornography_to_a_minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Disseminating pornography to a minor">disseminating pornography to a minor</a></li> <li>being a <a href="/wiki/Pornographic_actor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornographic actor">pornographic actor</a>: rules for the young person, and for other people, regarding production, possession, etc. (see <a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">child pornography</a>)</li></ul> <p>With regard to films with violence, etc.: </p> <ul><li>another person being allowed to sell, rent out, or show the young person a film; a cinema being allowed to let a young person enter</li></ul> <p>The age of majority ranges internationally from ages 15 to 21, with 18 being the most common age. <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> define adulthood at age 15, but marriage of girls at an earlier age is common.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In most of the world, the <a href="/wiki/Legal" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal">legal</a> adult age is 18 for most purposes, with some notable exceptions: </p> <ol><li>The legal age of adulthood in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> is 19 (though there are some exceptions in which Canadians may be considered legal adults in certain situations like sexual consent, which is age 16, and criminal law, federal elections and the military, which is at 18);<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The legal age of adulthood in <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> is 19.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The legal age of adulthood in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> is 19.</li> <li>The legal age of adulthood in <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> in the U.S. is 21.</li></ol> <p>Prior to the 1970s, young people were not classed as adults until 21 in most western nations. For example, in the United States, young citizens could not vote in many elections until 21 until July 1971 when the 26th Amendment passed mandating that the right to vote cannot be abridged for anyone 18 or older. The voting age was lowered in response to the fact that young men between the ages of 18 and 21 were drafted into the army to fight in the Vietnam War, hence the popular slogan "old enough to fight, old enough to vote" <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Young people under 21 in the US could also not purchase alcohol, purchase handguns, sign a binding contract, or marry without permission from parents. After the voting age was lowered, many states also moved to lower the drinking age (with most states having a minimum age of 18 or 19) and also to lower the age of legal majority (adulthood) to 18. However, there are legal activities where 18 is not the default age of adulthood. There are still some exceptions where 21 (or even higher) is still the benchmark for certain rights or responsibilities. For example, in the US the Gun Control Act of 1968 prohibits those under 21 from purchasing a handgun from a federally licensed dealer (although federal law makes an exception for individuals between the ages of 18 and 20 to obtain one from a private dealer if state law permits.) <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of July 1984, the National Minimum Drinking Age Act mandated that all states raise their respective drinking ages to 21 to create a uniform standard for legally purchasing, drinking, or publicly possessing alcohol with exceptions made for consumption only in private residences under parental supervision and permission. This was done in response to reducing the number of drunk driving fatalities prevalent among young drivers. States that choose not to comply can lose up to 10% of highway funding.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Credit Card Act of 2009 imposed tougher safeguards for young adults between the ages of 18 and 20 obtaining a credit card. Young adults under the age of 21 must either have a co-signer 21 or older or show proof (usually a source of income) that they can repay their credit card balance.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unless that requirement is met, one must wait until 21 to be approved for a credit card on their own. </p><p>The Affordable Care Act of 2010 expands the age that young adults can remain on their parent's health insurance plan up to age 26.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of December 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adult&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the federal government raised the legal age to purchase tobacco and vaping products from 18 to 21.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In states where recreational marijuana is legalized, the default age is also 21, though those younger may be able to obtain medical marijuana prescriptions or cards upon seeing a physician.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gambling also varies from 18 to 21 depending on the state and many rental car companies do not rent cars to those under 21 and have surcharges for drivers under 25 (although this is not codified, and is company policy). </p><p>In Quebec, Canada the Quebec legislature in 2020 raised the age one could purchase recreational marijuana from 18 to 21 stepping out of line with most of the country that set a minimum age of 19 (except Alberta, which is 18.) The Quebec government cited the risk that marijuana poses to the brain development of people under 21 as justification for the age raise.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2021, the state of Washington in a 5–4 decision, justices in the Supreme Court of the State of Washington tossed the life without parole sentences of a 19-year-old and a 20-year-old convicted in separate cases of first-degree aggravated murder decades ago, saying, as with juveniles, the court must first consider the age of those under 21 before sentencing them to die behind bars. This comes at a time where there are ongoing debates about whether those between 18 and 20 should be exempted from the death penalty.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Germany, courts largely sentence defendants under the age of 21 according to juvenile law in a bid to help them reintegrate into society and mete out punishments that fit the crime as well as the offender. </p><p>In May 2021, the state of Texas raised the age that one can be an exotic dancer and work and patronize <a href="/wiki/Sexually_oriented_business" title="Sexually oriented business">sexually oriented businesses</a> from 18 to 21.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the UK, there have been many proposals to raise the age that one can buy tobacco from 18 to 21 in an attempt to curb teen and young adult use to get to a "smoke-free" UK by 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of these laws made over the years reflect the growing awareness that young adults, while not children, are still in a transitional stage between adolescence and full adulthood and that there should be policy adjustments or restrictions where necessary, especially where it pertains to activities that carry certain degrees of risk or harm to themselves or others.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, however, even though the generally accepted age of majority is 18<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in most nations, there are rights or privileges afforded to adolescents who have not yet reached legal adulthood. In the United States, youth are able to get a part-time job at 14 provided they have a work permit. At 16, one is able to obtain a driver's permit or license depending on state laws and is able to work most jobs (except ones requiring heavy machinery) and consent to sexual activity (depending on the state). At 17, one is able to enlist in the armed forces with parental consent although they cannot be deployed to be in combat roles until age 18. </p><p>The voting age for local elections in most American cities is 18. But in five localities nationwide — four of which are in Maryland — 16 and 17-year-olds are eligible to vote. The cities are Takoma Park, Riverdale, Greenbelt, and Hyattsville.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, students 16 or older in Oakland, California gained the right to vote in school board elections. There is a growing movement to lower the voting age in the US and many other countries from 18 to 16 in hopes of engaging the youth vote and encouraging greater electoral participation. Some countries already have a voting age of 16 which include Austria, Scotland, Argentina, Brazil, Wales, Cuba, and Ecuador. </p><p>In Germany, one can purchase beer and wine at the age of 16 although they cannot purchase spirits or hard liquor until 18. The age of consent in Germany is 14 if both partners are under 18. Sexual activity with a person under 18 is punishable if the adult is a person of authority over the minor in upbringing, education, care, or employment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_construction_of_adulthood">Social construction of adulthood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Social construction of adulthood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In contrast to biological perspectives of aging and adulthood, social scientists conceptualize adulthood as socially constructed.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While aging is an established biological process, the attainment of adulthood is social in its criteria. In contrast to other perspectives that conceptualize aging and the attainment of adulthood as a largely universal development, regardless of context, nation, generation, gender, race, or social class. Social scientists regard these aspects as paramount in cultural definitions of adulthood.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further evidence of adulthood as a social construction is illustrated by the changing criteria of adulthood over time. Historically, adulthood in the U.S. has rested on completing one's education, moving away from the family of origin, and beginning one's career.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other key historical criteria include entering a marriage and becoming a parent. These criteria are social and subjective; they are organized by gender, race, ethnicity, and social class, among other key identity markers. As a result, particular populations feel adult earlier in the life course than do others.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aronson,_Pamela_2008_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aronson,_Pamela_2008-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contemporary experiences of and research on young adults today substitute more seemingly subjective criteria for adulthood which resonate more soundly with young adults' experiences of aging.<sup id="cite_ref-Aronson,_Pamela_2008_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aronson,_Pamela_2008-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The criteria are marked by a growing "importance of individualistic criteria and the irrelevance of the demographic markers of normative conceptions of adulthood."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, younger cohorts' attainment of adulthood centers on three criteria: gaining a sense of responsibility, independent decision-making, and financial independence.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jeffrey Arnett, a psychologist and professor at Clark University in Massachusetts, studied the development of adults and argues that there is a new and distinct period of development in between adolescence and adulthood. This stage, which he calls "emerging adulthood", occurs between the ages of 18 and 25.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arnett describes these individuals as able to take some responsibility for their lives, but still not completely feeling like an adult. Arnett articulates five distinct features that are unique to this period of development: identity exploration, feeling in between, instability, self-focus, and having possibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arnett makes it clear that these 5 aspects of emerging adulthood are only relevant during the life stage of emerging adulthood.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first feature, identity exploration, describes emerging adults making decisions for themselves about their career, education, and love life. This is a time of life when a young person has yet to finalize these decisions but are pondering them, making them feel somewhere in between adolescent and adult. This leads into a second feature of this phase of life—feeling in between. Emerging adults feel that they are taking on responsibilities but do not feel like a 'full' adult quite yet. Next, the instability feature notes that emerging adults often move around after their high school years whether that is to college, friends' houses, or living with a romantic partner, as well as moving back home with their parents/guardians for a time. This moving around often ends once the individual's family and career have been set. Tagging along with the instability feature is having self-focus. Emerging adults, being away from their parental and societal routines, are now able to do what they want when they want and where they want before they are put back into a routine when they start a marriage, family, and career. Arnett's last feature of emerging adulthood, an age of possibilities, characterizes this stage as one where "optimism reigns".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These individuals believe they have a good chance of turning out better than their parents did.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> tradition, adulthood is reached at age 13 for Jewish boys and 12 for Jewish girls in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Bar_or_Bat_Mitzvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar or Bat Mitzvah">Bar or Bat Mitzvah</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they are expected to demonstrate preparation for adulthood by learning the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> and other Jewish practices. The Christian <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_scripture" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish scripture">Jewish scripture</a> contain no age requirement for adulthood or <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marrying</a>, which includes engaging in sexual activity. </p><p>The 1983 Code of Canon Law states, "A man before he has completed his sixteenth year of age, and likewise a woman before she has completed her fourteenth year of age, cannot enter a valid marriage".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>The Disappearance of Childhood</i> by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman">Neil Postman</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Christian Church</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> considered the age of accountability, when a person could be tried and even <a href="/wiki/Execution" class="mw-redirect" title="Execution">executed</a> as an adult, to be age 7. While certain religions have their guidelines on what it means to be an adult, generally speaking, there are trends that occur regarding religiosity as individuals transition from adolescence to adulthood. The role of religion in one's life can impact development during adolescence.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Library of Medicine (NCBI) highlights some studies that show rates of religiosity declining as people move out of the house and live on their own. Oftentimes when people live on their own, they change their life goals and religion tends to be less important as they discover who they are. Other studies from the NCBI show that as adults get married and have children they settle down, and as they do, there tends to be an increase in religiosity. Everyone's level of religiosity builds at a different pace, meaning that religion relative to adult development varies across cultures and time.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overparenting" class="mw-redirect" title="Overparenting">Overparenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhood">Manhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Womanhood">Womanhood</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/uberon/terms?iri=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FUBERON_0007023">"Adult organism"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105061316/https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/uberon/terms?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007023">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-11-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adult+organism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebi.ac.uk%2Fols%2Fontologies%2Fuberon%2Fterms%3Firi%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FUBERON_0007023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McNamara-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McNamara_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNamara2004" class="citation book cs1">McNamara, Thomas Edward (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BeLmG7HP_U0C&pg=PA262"><i>Evolution, Culture, and Consciousness: The Discovery of the Preconscious Mind</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_America" title="University Press of America">University Press of America</a>. pp. 262–263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7618-2765-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7618-2765-X"><bdi>0-7618-2765-X</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolution%2C+Culture%2C+and+Consciousness%3A+The+Discovery+of+the+Preconscious+Mind&rft.pages=262-263&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7618-2765-X&rft.aulast=McNamara&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBeLmG7HP_U0C%26pg%3DPA262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSETTERSTEN2015" class="citation journal cs1">SETTERSTEN, RICHARD (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://health.oregonstate.edu/sites/health.oregonstate.edu/files/faculty-staff/profilepubs/settersten_et_al-becoming_adult-emerging_trends.pdf">"Becoming adult: Meanings of markers to adulthood"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences: An Interdisciplinary, Searchable, and Linkable Resource</i>: 1–16 – via umnikizdes.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Trends+in+the+Social+and+Behavioral+Sciences%3A+An+Interdisciplinary%2C+Searchable%2C+and+Linkable+Resource&rft.atitle=Becoming+adult%3A+Meanings+of+markers+to+adulthood&rft.pages=1-16&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=SETTERSTEN&rft.aufirst=RICHARD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhealth.oregonstate.edu%2Fsites%2Fhealth.oregonstate.edu%2Ffiles%2Ffaculty-staff%2Fprofilepubs%2Fsettersten_et_al-becoming_adult-emerging_trends.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarantz_Henig2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Marantz_Henig" title="Robin Marantz Henig">Marantz Henig, Robin</a> (2010-08-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/magazine/22Adulthood-t.html">"What Is It About 20-Somethings?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511204449/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/magazine/22Adulthood-t.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-24</span></span>. <q>The Discovery of adolescence is generally dated to 1904, with the publication of the massive study "Adolescence," by G. Stanley Hall, a prominent <a href="/wiki/Psychologist" title="Psychologist">psychologist</a> and first president of the American Psychological Association.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+Is+It+About+20-Somethings%3F&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2010-08-18&rft.aulast=Marantz+Henig&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F08%2F22%2Fmagazine%2F22Adulthood-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Has Fecundability been Declining in Recent Years in Developed Countries?". <i>Journal of Biosocial Science</i>. <b>15</b> (1). January 1983. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0021932000006349">10.1017/s0021932000006349</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9320">0021-9320</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biosocial+Science&rft.atitle=Has+Fecundability+been+Declining+in+Recent+Years+in+Developed+Countries%3F&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1983-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0021932000006349&rft.issn=0021-9320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckerLandau1986" class="citation book cs1">Becker; Landau, Sidney I., eds. (1986). <i>International dictionary of medicine and biology</i>. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-01849-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-01849-X"><bdi>0-471-01849-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/801872498">801872498</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+dictionary+of+medicine+and+biology&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F801872498&rft.isbn=0-471-01849-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Churchill's illustrated medical dictionary</i>. New York: Churchill Livingstone. 1989. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-443-08691-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-443-08691-5"><bdi>0-443-08691-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19322374">19322374</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Churchill%27s+illustrated+medical+dictionary&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Churchill+Livingstone&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19322374&rft.isbn=0-443-08691-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGluckmanHanson2006" class="citation journal cs1">Gluckman, Peter D.; Hanson, Mark A. (January 2006). "Evolution, development and timing of puberty". <i>Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism</i>. <b>17</b> (1): 7–12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tem.2005.11.006">10.1016/j.tem.2005.11.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16311040">16311040</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26141301">26141301</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Endocrinology+%26+Metabolism&rft.atitle=Evolution%2C+development+and+timing+of+puberty&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7-12&rft.date=2006-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26141301%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16311040&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tem.2005.11.006&rft.aulast=Gluckman&rft.aufirst=Peter+D.&rft.au=Hanson%2C+Mark+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kail-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kail_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKailCavanaugh_JC2010" class="citation book cs1">Kail, RV; Cavanaugh JC (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E-n5E7oyCgoC&pg=PA296"><i>Human Development: A Lifespan View</i></a> (5th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Cengage_Learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cengage Learning">Cengage Learning</a>. p. 296. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-495-60037-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-495-60037-4"><bdi>978-0-495-60037-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110011825/https://books.google.com/books?id=E-n5E7oyCgoC&pg=PA296">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Development%3A+A+Lifespan+View&rft.pages=296&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-495-60037-4&rft.aulast=Kail&rft.aufirst=RV&rft.au=Cavanaugh+JC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE-n5E7oyCgoC%26pg%3DPA296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schuiling-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schuiling_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuilingLikis2016" class="citation book cs1">Schuiling, Kerri Durnell; Likis, Frances E. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QTDFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA22"><i>Women's Gynecologic Health</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Jones_%26_Bartlett_Learning" title="Jones & Bartlett Learning">Jones & Bartlett Learning</a>. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-284-12501-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-284-12501-6"><bdi>978-1-284-12501-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110011825/https://books.google.com/books?id=QTDFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA22">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2018</span>. <q>The changes that occur during puberty usually happen in an ordered sequence, beginning with thelarche (breast development) at around age 10 or 11, followed by adrenarche (growth of pubic hair due to androgen stimulation), peak height velocity, and finally menarche (the onset of menses), which usually occurs around age 12 or 13.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Gynecologic+Health&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Learning&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-284-12501-6&rft.aulast=Schuiling&rft.aufirst=Kerri+Durnell&rft.au=Likis%2C+Frances+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQTDFDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Phillips-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Phillips_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Phillips_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2014" class="citation book cs1">Phillips, D. C. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=84StBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18"><i>Encyclopedia of Educational Theory and Philosophy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. pp. 18–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4833-6475-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4833-6475-9"><bdi>978-1-4833-6475-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110011826/https://books.google.com/books?id=84StBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2018</span>. <q>On average, the onset of puberty is about 18 months earlier for girls (usually starting around the age of 10 or 11 and lasting until they are 15 to 17) than for boys (who usually begin puberty at about the age of 11 to 12 and complete it by the age of 16 to 17, on average).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Educational+Theory+and+Philosophy&rft.pages=18-19&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4833-6475-9&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=D.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D84StBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Solomon-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Solomon_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolomonO'Brien2014" class="citation book cs1">Solomon, Jean W.; O'Brien, Jane Clifford (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E87sAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA103"><i>Pediatric Skills for Occupational Therapy Assistants – E-Book</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Elsevier_Health_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsevier Health Sciences">Elsevier Health Sciences</a>. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-29163-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-29163-7"><bdi>978-0-323-29163-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pediatric+Skills+for+Occupational+Therapy+Assistants+%E2%80%93+E-Book&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-323-29163-7&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Jean+W.&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Jane+Clifford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE87sAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xia-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xia_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeNatsuakiNeiderhiserReiss2007" class="citation journal cs1">Ge, Xiaojia; Natsuaki, Misaki N.; <a href="/wiki/Jenae_Neiderhiser" title="Jenae Neiderhiser">Neiderhiser, Jenae M.</a>; Reiss, David (2007). "Genetic and Environmental Influences on Pubertal Timing: Results From Two National Sibling Studies". <i>Journal of Research on Adolescence</i>. <b>17</b> (4): 767–788. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1532-7795.2007.00546.x">10.1111/j.1532-7795.2007.00546.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Research+on+Adolescence&rft.atitle=Genetic+and+Environmental+Influences+on+Pubertal+Timing%3A+Results+From+Two+National+Sibling+Studies&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=767-788&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1532-7795.2007.00546.x&rft.aulast=Ge&rft.aufirst=Xiaojia&rft.au=Natsuaki%2C+Misaki+N.&rft.au=Neiderhiser%2C+Jenae+M.&rft.au=Reiss%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201204165948/https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/sexual-health/stages-of-puberty-what-happens-to-boys-and-girls/">"Stages of puberty: what happens to boys and girls"</a>. <i>nhs.uk</i>. 2018-04-26. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/sexual-health/stages-of-puberty-what-happens-to-boys-and-girls/">the original</a> on 2020-12-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nhs.uk&rft.atitle=Stages+of+puberty%3A+what+happens+to+boys+and+girls&rft.date=2018-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhs.uk%2Flive-well%2Fsexual-health%2Fstages-of-puberty-what-happens-to-boys-and-girls%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenig2010" class="citation news cs1">Henig, Robin Marantz (18 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/magazine/22Adulthood-t.html">"What is It About 20-Somethings?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170226112204/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/magazine/22Adulthood-t.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+is+It+About+20-Somethings%3F&rft.date=2010-08-18&rft.aulast=Henig&rft.aufirst=Robin+Marantz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F08%2F22%2Fmagazine%2F22Adulthood-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetanjekJudašŠimićRašin2011" class="citation journal cs1">Petanjek, Zdravko; Judaš, Miloš; Šimić, Goran; Rašin, Mladen Roko; Uylings, Harry B. M.; Rakic, Pasko; Kostović, Ivica (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3156171">"Extraordinary neoteny of synaptic spines in the human prefrontal cortex"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>108</b> (32): 13281–13286. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PNAS..10813281P">2011PNAS..10813281P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1105108108">10.1073/pnas.1105108108</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3156171">3156171</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21788513">21788513</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Extraordinary+neoteny+of+synaptic+spines+in+the+human+prefrontal+cortex&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=32&rft.pages=13281-13286&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3156171%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21788513&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1105108108&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011PNAS..10813281P&rft.aulast=Petanjek&rft.aufirst=Zdravko&rft.au=Juda%C5%A1%2C+Milo%C5%A1&rft.au=%C5%A0imi%C4%87%2C+Goran&rft.au=Ra%C5%A1in%2C+Mladen+Roko&rft.au=Uylings%2C+Harry+B.+M.&rft.au=Rakic%2C+Pasko&rft.au=Kostovi%C4%87%2C+Ivica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3156171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-47622059">"People don't become 'adults' until their 30s, say scientists"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 19 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220614054155/https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-47622059">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=People+don%27t+become+%27adults%27+until+their+30s%2C+say+scientists&rft.date=2019-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fnewsbeat-47622059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomer2010" class="citation journal cs1">Romer, Daniel (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3445337">"Adolescent risk taking, impulsivity, and brain development: implications for prevention"</a>. <i>Developmental Psychobiology</i>. <b>52</b> (3): 263–276. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fdev.20442">10.1002/dev.20442</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3445337">3445337</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20175097">20175097</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developmental+Psychobiology&rft.atitle=Adolescent+risk+taking%2C+impulsivity%2C+and+brain+development%3A+implications+for+prevention&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=263-276&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3445337%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20175097&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fdev.20442&rft.aulast=Romer&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3445337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaseyCaudle2013" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/BJ_Casey" title="BJ Casey">Casey, BJ</a>; Caudle, Kristina (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4182916">"The Teenage Brain: Self Control"</a>. <i>Current Directions in Psychological Science</i>. <b>22</b> (2): 82–87. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0963721413480170">10.1177/0963721413480170</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4182916">4182916</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25284961">25284961</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Directions+in+Psychological+Science&rft.atitle=The+Teenage+Brain%3A+Self+Control&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=82-87&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4182916%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25284961&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0963721413480170&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=BJ&rft.au=Caudle%2C+Kristina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4182916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpstein2007" class="citation web cs1">Epstein, Robert (2007-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-myth-of-the-teen-brain-2007-06/">"The Myth of the Teen Brain"</a>. <i>Scientific American</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213152824/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-myth-of-the-teen-brain-2007-06/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=The+Myth+of+the+Teen+Brain&rft.date=2007-06-01&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-myth-of-the-teen-brain-2007-06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoshman2011" class="citation book cs1">Moshman, David (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203835111/adolescent-rationality-development-david-moshman"><i>Adolescent Rationality and Development</i></a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203835111">10.4324/9780203835111</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-83511-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-83511-1"><bdi>978-0-203-83511-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207055923/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203835111/adolescent-rationality-development-david-moshman">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adolescent+Rationality+and+Development&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203835111&rft.isbn=978-0-203-83511-1&rft.aulast=Moshman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fbooks%2Fmono%2F10.4324%2F9780203835111%2Fadolescent-rationality-development-david-moshman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2016" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton, Vivian (2016). <i>Adulthood in Law and Culture</i>. College of William & Mary Law School: Faculty Publications. pp. 55–97.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adulthood+in+Law+and+Culture&rft.place=College+of+William+%26+Mary+Law+School&rft.pages=55-97&rft.pub=Faculty+Publications.&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Vivian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpooner2014" class="citation web cs1">Spooner, Samantha (July 14, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180124070858/http://mgafrica.com/article/2014-07-14-legal-ages-of-marriage-across-africa">"Legal ages of marriage across Africa: Even when it's 18, they are married off at 12!"</a>. <i>Mail & Guardian Africa</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mgafrica.com/article/2014-07-14-legal-ages-of-marriage-across-africa">the original</a> on January 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mail+%26+Guardian+Africa&rft.atitle=Legal+ages+of+marriage+across+Africa%3A+Even+when+it%27s+18%2C+they+are+married+off+at+12%21&rft.date=2014-07-14&rft.aulast=Spooner&rft.aufirst=Samantha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmgafrica.com%2Farticle%2F2014-07-14-legal-ages-of-marriage-across-africa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellemare2008" class="citation journal cs1">Bellemare, Steven (July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2532909">"Age of consent for sexual activity in Canada"</a>. <i>Paediatrics & Child Health</i>. <b>13</b> (6): 475. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpch%2F13.6.475">10.1093/pch/13.6.475</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2532909">2532909</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19436429">19436429</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paediatrics+%26+Child+Health&rft.atitle=Age+of+consent+for+sexual+activity+in+Canada&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=475&rft.date=2008-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2532909%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19436429&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fpch%2F13.6.475&rft.aulast=Bellemare&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2532909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB._A." class="citation web cs1">B. A., Political Science. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/age-of-majority-in-canada-510008">"What Does Age of Majority Mean in Canada?"</a>. <i>ThoughtCo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108045725/https://www.thoughtco.com/age-of-majority-in-canada-510008">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo&rft.atitle=What+Does+Age+of+Majority+Mean+in+Canada%3F&rft.aulast=B.+A.&rft.aufirst=Political+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fage-of-majority-in-canada-510008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201207220904/https://www.policygenius.com/retirement/age-of-majority-by-state/">"Age of Majority by State as of 2020"</a>. <i>Policygenius</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.policygenius.com/retirement/age-of-majority-by-state/">the original</a> on 2020-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Policygenius&rft.atitle=Age+of+Majority+by+State+as+of+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.policygenius.com%2Fretirement%2Fage-of-majority-by-state%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirnbaum2020" class="citation web cs1">Birnbaum, Gemma R. (28 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/voting-age-26th-amendment">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Old Enough to Fight, Old Enough to Vote": The WWII Roots of the 26th Amendment"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613050349/https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/voting-age-26th-amendment">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Old+Enough+to+Fight%2C+Old+Enough+to+Vote%22%3A+The+WWII+Roots+of+the+26th+Amendment&rft.date=2020-10-28&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=Gemma+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalww2museum.org%2Fwar%2Farticles%2Fvoting-age-26th-amendment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-82/pdf/STATUTE-82-Pg1213-2.pdf">"Statute 82 Page 1213-2 PDF file"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515103902/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-82/pdf/STATUTE-82-Pg1213-2.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statute+82+Page+1213-2+PDF+file&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FSTATUTE-82%2Fpdf%2FSTATUTE-82-Pg1213-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2021)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov/the-1984-national-minimum-drinking-age-act">"The 1984 National Minimum Drinking Age Act | APIS - Alcohol Policy Information System"</a>. <i>alcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613050745/https://alcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov/the-1984-national-minimum-drinking-age-act">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov&rft.atitle=The+1984+National+Minimum+Drinking+Age+Act+%26%23124%3B+APIS+-+Alcohol+Policy+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov%2Fthe-1984-national-minimum-drinking-age-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeMatteo2020" class="citation web cs1">DeMatteo, Megan (22 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/select/card-act-protections-for-young-people/">"My first unsecured credit card came with a $20,000 limit—here's why that is rare today"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613075716/https://www.cnbc.com/select/card-act-protections-for-young-people/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=My+first+unsecured+credit+card+came+with+a+%2420%2C000+limit%E2%80%94here%27s+why+that+is+rare+today&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2020-07-22&rft.aulast=DeMatteo&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2Fselect%2Fcard-act-protections-for-young-people%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cms.gov/CCIIO/Resources/Files/adult_child_fact_sheet">"Young Adults and the Affordable Care Act: Protecting Young Adults and Eliminating Burdens on Families and Businesses | CMS"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613194817/https://www.cms.gov/CCIIO/Resources/Files/adult_child_fact_sheet">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Young+Adults+and+the+Affordable+Care+Act%3A+Protecting+Young+Adults+and+Eliminating+Burdens+on+Families+and+Businesses+%26%23124%3B+CMS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cms.gov%2FCCIIO%2FResources%2FFiles%2Fadult_child_fact_sheet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/retail-sales-tobacco-products/tobacco-21">"Tobacco 21"</a>. <i>FDA</i>. 22 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210622161350/https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/retail-sales-tobacco-products/tobacco-21">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Tobacco+21&rft.date=2021-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ftobacco-products%2Fretail-sales-tobacco-products%2Ftobacco-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americancannabisconsulting.com/california-medial-cannabis-age-limit/">"What is the Age Limit of Medical Cannabis in California?"</a>. 18 September 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613052219/https://americancannabisconsulting.com/california-medial-cannabis-age-limit/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+the+Age+Limit+of+Medical+Cannabis+in+California%3F&rft.date=2018-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericancannabisconsulting.com%2Fcalifornia-medial-cannabis-age-limit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindeman2019" class="citation web cs1">Lindeman, Tracey (30 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/30/quebec-cannabis-legal-age-21">"Quebec raises legal consumption age for cannabis to 21"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210524064107/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/30/quebec-cannabis-legal-age-21">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Quebec+raises+legal+consumption+age+for+cannabis+to+21&rft.date=2019-10-30&rft.aulast=Lindeman&rft.aufirst=Tracey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Foct%2F30%2Fquebec-cannabis-legal-age-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewstribune.com/news/local/crime/article249861893.html">"Mandatory life without parole prohibited for young WA adults"</a></span>. 11 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613194824/https://www.thenewstribune.com/news/local/crime/article249861893.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mandatory+life+without+parole+prohibited+for+young+WA+adults&rft.date=2021-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewstribune.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcrime%2Farticle249861893.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichaels2016" class="citation web cs1">Michaels, Andrew (9 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://socialchangenyu.com/review/a-decent-proposal-exempting-eighteen-to-twenty-year-olds-from-the-death-penalty/">"A Decent Proposal: Exempting Eighteen- to Twenty-Year-Olds from the Death Penalty"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613195154/https://socialchangenyu.com/review/a-decent-proposal-exempting-eighteen-to-twenty-year-olds-from-the-death-penalty/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Decent+Proposal%3A+Exempting+Eighteen-+to+Twenty-Year-Olds+from+the+Death+Penalty&rft.date=2016-06-09&rft.aulast=Michaels&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsocialchangenyu.com%2Freview%2Fa-decent-proposal-exempting-eighteen-to-twenty-year-olds-from-the-death-penalty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/kentucky-trial-judge-rules-death-penalty-unconstitutional-for-offenders-younger-than-age-21#:~:text=A%20Kentucky%20trial%20court%20has,were%20younger%20than%20age%2021.&text=The%20decision%20extends%20the%20U.S.%20Supreme%20Court's%202005%20ruling%20in%20Roper%20v.">"Kentucky Trial Judge Rules Death Penalty Unconstitutional for Offenders Younger Than Age 21"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613195156/https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/kentucky-trial-judge-rules-death-penalty-unconstitutional-for-offenders-younger-than-age-21#:~:text=A%20Kentucky%20trial%20court%20has,were%20younger%20than%20age%2021.&text=The%20decision%20extends%20the%20U.S.%20Supreme%20Court's%202005%20ruling%20in%20Roper%20v.">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kentucky+Trial+Judge+Rules+Death+Penalty+Unconstitutional+for+Offenders+Younger+Than+Age+21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeathpenaltyinfo.org%2Fnews%2Fkentucky-trial-judge-rules-death-penalty-unconstitutional-for-offenders-younger-than-age-21%23%3A~%3Atext%3DA%2520Kentucky%2520trial%2520court%2520has%2Cwere%2520younger%2520than%2520age%252021.%26text%3DThe%2520decision%2520extends%2520the%2520U.S.%2520Supreme%2520Court%27s%25202005%2520ruling%2520in%2520Roper%2520v.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wpsdlocal6.com/news/should-18--to-21-year-olds-be-eligible-for-execution/article_14d28bc2-db18-11e9-9b36-2be43bde91a3.html">"Should 18- to 21-year-olds be eligible for execution?"</a>. 19 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613195154/https://www.wpsdlocal6.com/news/should-18--to-21-year-olds-be-eligible-for-execution/article_14d28bc2-db18-11e9-9b36-2be43bde91a3.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Should+18-+to+21-year-olds+be+eligible+for+execution%3F&rft.date=2019-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpsdlocal6.com%2Fnews%2Fshould-18--to-21-year-olds-be-eligible-for-execution%2Farticle_14d28bc2-db18-11e9-9b36-2be43bde91a3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khou.com/article/news/local/texas/texas-bill-crack-down-human-trafficking/285-17725873-40f7-491e-910a-06dceb9f3c2b">"Texas bill aims to crack down on human trafficking"</a>. 29 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613194815/https://www.khou.com/article/news/local/texas/texas-bill-crack-down-human-trafficking/285-17725873-40f7-491e-910a-06dceb9f3c2b">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Texas+bill+aims+to+crack+down+on+human+trafficking&rft.date=2021-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khou.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Ftexas%2Ftexas-bill-crack-down-human-trafficking%2F285-17725873-40f7-491e-910a-06dceb9f3c2b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/jun/09/uk-smoking-raise-age-cigarettes-sale-to-21-mps">"Raise age for sale of cigarettes to 21 and stop 'tobacco epidemic', say UK MPS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 9 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613194824/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/jun/09/uk-smoking-raise-age-cigarettes-sale-to-21-mps">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Raise+age+for+sale+of+cigarettes+to+21+and+stop+%27tobacco+epidemic%27%2C+say+UK+MPS&rft.date=2021-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2021%2Fjun%2F09%2Fuk-smoking-raise-age-cigarettes-sale-to-21-mps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArainHaqueJohalMathur2013" class="citation journal cs1">Arain, Mariam; Haque, Maliha; Johal, Lina; Mathur, Puja; Nel, Wynand; Rais, Afsha; Sandhu, Ranbir; Sharma, Sushil (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3621648">"Maturation of the adolescent brain"</a>. <i>Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment</i>. <b>9</b>: 449–461. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2147%2FNDT.S39776">10.2147/NDT.S39776</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3621648">3621648</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23579318">23579318</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuropsychiatric+Disease+and+Treatment&rft.atitle=Maturation+of+the+adolescent+brain&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=449-461&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3621648%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23579318&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2147%2FNDT.S39776&rft.aulast=Arain&rft.aufirst=Mariam&rft.au=Haque%2C+Maliha&rft.au=Johal%2C+Lina&rft.au=Mathur%2C+Puja&rft.au=Nel%2C+Wynand&rft.au=Rais%2C+Afsha&rft.au=Sandhu%2C+Ranbir&rft.au=Sharma%2C+Sushil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3621648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/age_of_majority">"age of majority"</a>. <i>LII / Legal Information Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LII+%2F+Legal+Information+Institute&rft.atitle=age+of+majority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fwex%2Fage_of_majority&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiel2020" class="citation web cs1">Niel, Clara (October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbknews.com/2020/10/01/takoma-park-young-voters-greenbelt-montgomery-county-riverdale-park/">"Takoma Park is one of five cities where minors can vote. And young voters are turning out"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210510104801/https://dbknews.com/2020/10/01/takoma-park-young-voters-greenbelt-montgomery-county-riverdale-park/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Takoma+Park+is+one+of+five+cities+where+minors+can+vote.+And+young+voters+are+turning+out&rft.date=2020-10&rft.aulast=Niel&rft.aufirst=Clara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdbknews.com%2F2020%2F10%2F01%2Ftakoma-park-young-voters-greenbelt-montgomery-county-riverdale-park%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSettersten2018" class="citation book cs1">Settersten, Richard A. Jr. (2 December 2018). <i>Lives in time and place: the problems and promises of developmental science</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-78421-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-78421-4"><bdi>978-0-415-78421-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1121019775">1121019775</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lives+in+time+and+place%3A+the+problems+and+promises+of+developmental+science&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2018-12-02&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1121019775&rft.isbn=978-0-415-78421-4&rft.aulast=Settersten&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElder1985" class="citation book cs1">Elder, Glen H., ed. (1985). "Perspectives on the life course". <i>Life course dynamics: trajectories and transitions, 1968-1980</i>. Cornell University Press. pp. 23–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-9323-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-9323-4"><bdi>0-8014-9323-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/469306035">469306035</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Perspectives+on+the+life+course&rft.btitle=Life+course+dynamics%3A+trajectories+and+transitions%2C+1968-1980&rft.pages=23-49&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F469306035&rft.isbn=0-8014-9323-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyff2018" class="citation book cs1">Ryff, Carol D. (16 January 2018). "The Subjective Experience of Life-Span Transitions". In Rossi, Alice S. (ed.). <i>Gender and the life course</i>. Routledge. pp. 97–113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-32902-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-32902-6"><bdi>978-1-351-32902-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1028167964">1028167964</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Subjective+Experience+of+Life-Span+Transitions&rft.btitle=Gender+and+the+life+course&rft.pages=97-113&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018-01-16&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1028167964&rft.isbn=978-1-351-32902-6&rft.aulast=Ryff&rft.aufirst=Carol+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnett1998" class="citation journal cs1">Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen (1998). "Learning to Stand Alone: The Contemporary American Transition to Adulthood in Cultural and Historical Context". <i>Human Development</i>. <b>41</b> (5/6): 295–315. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000022591">10.1159/000022591</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26763368">26763368</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143862036">143862036</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Development&rft.atitle=Learning+to+Stand+Alone%3A+The+Contemporary+American+Transition+to+Adulthood+in+Cultural+and+Historical+Context&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5%2F6&rft.pages=295-315&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143862036%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26763368%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1159%2F000022591&rft.aulast=Arnett&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+Jensen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevinson1979" class="citation book cs1">Levinson, Daniel J. (1979). <i>The Seasons of a man's life</i>. Ballantine Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-29727-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-29727-X"><bdi>0-345-29727-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9162079">9162079</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Seasons+of+a+man%27s+life&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9162079&rft.isbn=0-345-29727-X&rft.aulast=Levinson&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanahan2000" class="citation journal cs1">Shanahan, Michael J. (August 2000). "Pathways to Adulthood in Changing Societies: Variability and Mechanisms in Life Course Perspective". <i>Annual Review of Sociology</i>. <b>26</b> (1): 667–692. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.soc.26.1.667">10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.667</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/223461">223461</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Sociology&rft.atitle=Pathways+to+Adulthood+in+Changing+Societies%3A+Variability+and+Mechanisms+in+Life+Course+Perspective&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=667-692&rft.date=2000-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.soc.26.1.667&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F223461%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Shanahan&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnett2003" class="citation journal cs1">Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen (2003). "Conceptions of the Transition to Adulthood Among Emerging Adults in American Ethnic Groups". <i>New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development</i>. <b>2003</b> (100): 63–76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fcd.75">10.1002/cd.75</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12955983">12955983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Directions+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Development&rft.atitle=Conceptions+of+the+Transition+to+Adulthood+Among+Emerging+Adults+in+American+Ethnic+Groups&rft.volume=2003&rft.issue=100&rft.pages=63-76&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fcd.75&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12955983&rft.aulast=Arnett&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+Jensen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aronson,_Pamela_2008-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aronson,_Pamela_2008_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aronson,_Pamela_2008_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAronson2008" class="citation journal cs1">Aronson, Pamela (February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2312095">"The Markers and Meanings of Growing Up: Contemporary Young Women's Transition From Adolescence to Adulthood"</a>. <i>Gender & Society</i>. <b>22</b> (1): 56–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0891243207311420">10.1177/0891243207311420</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2312095">2312095</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18418470">18418470</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gender+%26+Society&rft.atitle=The+Markers+and+Meanings+of+Growing+Up%3A+Contemporary+Young+Women%27s+Transition+From+Adolescence+to+Adulthood&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=56-82&rft.date=2008-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2312095%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18418470&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0891243207311420&rft.aulast=Aronson&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2312095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2003" class="citation journal cs1">Barrett, Anne E. (March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgeronb%2F58.2.s101">"Socioeconomic Status and Age Identity: The Role of Dimensions of Health in the Subjective Construction of Age"</a>. <i>The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences</i>. <b>58</b> (2): S101–S109. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgeronb%2F58.2.s101">10.1093/geronb/58.2.s101</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12646599">12646599</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journals+of+Gerontology+Series+B%3A+Psychological+Sciences+and+Social+Sciences&rft.atitle=Socioeconomic+Status+and+Age+Identity%3A+The+Role+of+Dimensions+of+Health+in+the+Subjective+Construction+of+Age&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=S101-S109&rft.date=2003-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgeronb%2F58.2.s101&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12646599&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Anne+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fgeronb%252F58.2.s101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2005" class="citation journal cs1">Barrett, Anne E. (May 2005). "Gendered experiences in midlife: Implications for age identity". <i>Journal of Aging Studies</i>. <b>19</b> (2): 163–183. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jaging.2004.05.002">10.1016/j.jaging.2004.05.002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aging+Studies&rft.atitle=Gendered+experiences+in+midlife%3A+Implications+for+age+identity&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=163-183&rft.date=2005-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jaging.2004.05.002&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Anne+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSetterstenFurstenbergRumbaut2008" class="citation book cs1">Settersten, Richard A. Jr.; Furstenberg, Frank F.; Rumbaut, Rubén G., eds. (15 April 2008). "On the Frontier of Adulthood: Emerging Themes and New Directions". <i>On the frontier of adulthood: theory, research, and public policy</i>. University of Chicago Press. pp. 3–25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-74890-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-74890-0"><bdi>978-0-226-74890-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/191752480">191752480</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=On+the+Frontier+of+Adulthood%3A+Emerging+Themes+and+New+Directions&rft.btitle=On+the+frontier+of+adulthood%3A+theory%2C+research%2C+and+public+policy&rft.pages=3-25&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2008-04-15&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F191752480&rft.isbn=978-0-226-74890-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanahanPorfeliMortimerErickson2008" class="citation book cs1">Shanahan, Michael J.; Porfeli, Erik J.; Mortimer, Jeylan T.; Erickson, Lance D. (15 April 2008). "Subjective Age Identity and the Transition to Adulthood: When do Adolescents Become Adults?". In Settersten, Richard A. Jr.; Furstenberg, Frank F.; Rumbaut, Rubén G. (eds.). <i>On the frontier of adulthood: theory, research, and public policy</i>. University of Chicago Press. pp. 225–255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-74890-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-74890-0"><bdi>978-0-226-74890-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/191752480">191752480</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Subjective+Age+Identity+and+the+Transition+to+Adulthood%3A+When+do+Adolescents+Become+Adults%3F&rft.btitle=On+the+frontier+of+adulthood%3A+theory%2C+research%2C+and+public+policy&rft.pages=225-255&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2008-04-15&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F191752480&rft.isbn=978-0-226-74890-0&rft.aulast=Shanahan&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft.au=Porfeli%2C+Erik+J.&rft.au=Mortimer%2C+Jeylan+T.&rft.au=Erickson%2C+Lance+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnett2014" class="citation book cs1">Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen (2014). <i>Emerging adulthood: the winding road from the late teens through the twenties</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-992938-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-992938-2"><bdi>978-0-19-992938-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/945977734">945977734</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emerging+adulthood%3A+the+winding+road+from+the+late+teens+through+the+twenties&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F945977734&rft.isbn=978-0-19-992938-2&rft.aulast=Arnett&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+Jensen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatersCarrKefalasHoldaway2008" class="citation book cs1">Waters, Mary C.; Carr, Patrick J.; Kefalas, Maria J.; Holdaway, Jennifer (15 April 2008). "Becoming Adult: Meanings and Markers for Young Americans". In Settersten, Richard A. Jr.; Furstenberg, Frank F.; Rumbaut, Rubén G. (eds.). <i>On the frontier of adulthood: theory, research, and public policy</i>. University of Chicago Press. pp. 169–190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-74890-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-74890-0"><bdi>978-0-226-74890-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/191752480">191752480</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Becoming+Adult%3A+Meanings+and+Markers+for+Young+Americans&rft.btitle=On+the+frontier+of+adulthood%3A+theory%2C+research%2C+and+public+policy&rft.pages=169-190&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2008-04-15&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F191752480&rft.isbn=978-0-226-74890-0&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=Mary+C.&rft.au=Carr%2C+Patrick+J.&rft.au=Kefalas%2C+Maria+J.&rft.au=Holdaway%2C+Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apa.org/action/careers/improve-lives/jensen-arnett">"Jeffrey Jensen Arnett, PhD"</a>. <i>apa.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201102110025/https://www.apa.org/action/careers/improve-lives/jensen-arnett">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apa.org&rft.atitle=Jeffrey+Jensen+Arnett%2C+PhD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Faction%2Fcareers%2Fimprove-lives%2Fjensen-arnett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunsey2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Munsey, Christopher (June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apa.org/monitor/jun06/emerging">"Emerging adults: The in-between age"</a>. <i>Monitor on Psychology</i>. Vol. 37. American Psychological Association. p. 68<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monitor+on+Psychology&rft.atitle=Emerging+adults%3A+The+in-between+age&rft.volume=37&rft.pages=68&rft.date=2006-06&rft.aulast=Munsey&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fmonitor%2Fjun06%2Femerging&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnett2007" class="citation journal cs1">Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen (December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2007.00016.x">"Emerging Adulthood: What Is It, and What Is It Good For?"</a>. <i>Child Development Perspectives</i>. <b>1</b> (2): 68–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1750-8606.2007.00016.x">10.1111/j.1750-8606.2007.00016.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1750-8592">1750-8592</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+Development+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Emerging+Adulthood%3A+What+Is+It%2C+and+What+Is+It+Good+For%3F&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=68-73&rft.date=2007-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1750-8606.2007.00016.x&rft.issn=1750-8592&rft.aulast=Arnett&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+Jensen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsrcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1750-8606.2007.00016.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ph.yhb.org.il/07-02-09/">"Bar Mitzva in Peninei Halakha by rabbi Eliezer Melamed"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018072239/https://ph.yhb.org.il/07-02-09/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bar+Mitzva+in+Peninei+Halakha+by+rabbi+Eliezer+Melamed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fph.yhb.org.il%2F07-02-09%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ph.yhb.org.il/07-02-11/">"Bat Mitzva in Peninei Halakha by rabbi Eliezer Melamed"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018072512/https://ph.yhb.org.il/07-02-11/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bat+Mitzva+in+Peninei+Halakha+by+rabbi+Eliezer+Melamed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fph.yhb.org.il%2F07-02-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/cic_index_en.html">"Code of Canon Law: Table of Contents"</a>. <i>vatican.va</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210822161637/https://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/cic_index_en.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vatican.va&rft.atitle=Code+of+Canon+Law%3A+Table+of+Contents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fcod-iuris-canonici%2Fcic_index_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonelson1999" class="citation journal cs1">Donelson, Elaine (1999). "Psychology of religion and adolescents in the United States: Past to present". <i>Journal of Adolescence</i>. <b>22</b> (2): 187–204. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fjado.1999.0212">10.1006/jado.1999.0212</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10089119">10089119</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescence&rft.atitle=Psychology+of+religion+and+adolescents+in+the+United+States%3A+Past+to+present&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=187-204&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fjado.1999.0212&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10089119&rft.aulast=Donelson&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeePearceSchorpp2017" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Bo Hyeong Jane; Pearce, Lisa D.; Schorpp, Kristen M. (September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5912683">"Religious Pathways from Adolescence to Adulthood"</a>. <i>Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion</i>. <b>56</b> (3): 678–689. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjssr.12367">10.1111/jssr.12367</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5912683">5912683</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29706663">29706663</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Scientific+Study+of+Religion&rft.atitle=Religious+Pathways+from+Adolescence+to+Adulthood&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=678-689&rft.date=2017-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5912683%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29706663&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjssr.12367&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Bo+Hyeong+Jane&rft.au=Pearce%2C+Lisa+D.&rft.au=Schorpp%2C+Kristen+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5912683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Development_of_the_human_body" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_development" title="Template:Human development"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_development" title="Template talk:Human development"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_development" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human development"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Development_of_the_human_body" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_human_body" title="Development of the human body">Development of the human body</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before birth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_development" title="Prenatal development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote">Zygote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">Embryo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">Fetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestational_age_(obstetrics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gestational age (obstetrics)">Gestational age</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Birth and after</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_development" title="Child development">Child development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_development_stages" title="Child development stages">Stages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_childhood_development" title="Early childhood development">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">Puberty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_development" title="Adult development">Adult development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ageing" title="Ageing">Ageing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senescence" title="Senescence">Senescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">Death</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Early years <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infant" title="Infant">Infant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toddler" title="Toddler">Toddler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_childhood" title="Early childhood">Early childhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Childhood">Childhood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child" title="Child">Child</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth" title="Youth">Youth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preadolescence" title="Preadolescence">Preadolescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolescence" title="Adolescence">Adolescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_adulthood_and_early_adulthood" title="Emerging adulthood and early adulthood">Emerging adulthood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adulthood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_adult" title="Young adult">Young adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_age" title="Middle age">Middle adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_age" title="Old age">Elder adult</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dying" title="Dying">Dying</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social and legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minor_(law)" title="Minor (law)">Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">Age of majority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Psychology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#BFD7FF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Psychology" title="Template:Psychology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Psychology" title="Template talk:Psychology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Psychology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Psychology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Psychology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#DFEBFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_psychology" title="History of psychology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_psychology" title="Philosophy of psychology">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Psychology" title="Portal:Psychology">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychologist" title="Psychologist">Psychologist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><a href="/wiki/Basic_science_(psychology)" title="Basic science (psychology)">Basic <br />psychology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abnormal_psychology" title="Abnormal psychology">Abnormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_neuroscience" title="Affective neuroscience">Affective neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_science" title="Affective science">Affective science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_genetics" title="Behavioural genetics">Behavioral genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_neuroscience" title="Behavioral neuroscience">Behavioral neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behaviorism" title="Behaviorism">Behaviorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_psychology" title="Cognitive psychology">Cognitive</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cognitivism_(psychology)" title="Cognitivism (psychology)">Cognitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_neuroscience" title="Cognitive neuroscience">Cognitive neuroscience</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_cognitive_neuroscience" title="Social cognitive neuroscience">Social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_psychology" title="Comparative psychology">Comparative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-cultural_psychology" title="Cross-cultural psychology">Cross-cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_psychology" title="Cultural psychology">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Developmental_psychology" title="Developmental psychology">Developmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_psychology" title="Differential psychology">Differential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_psychology" title="Ecological psychology">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology" title="Evolutionary psychology">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_psychology" title="Experimental psychology">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestalt_psychology" title="Gestalt psychology">Gestalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_psychology" title="Mathematical psychology">Mathematical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_psychology" title="Moral psychology">Moral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropsychology" title="Neuropsychology">Neuropsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">Perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personality_psychology" title="Personality psychology">Personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psycholinguistics" title="Psycholinguistics">Psycholinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychophysiology" title="Psychophysiology">Psychophysiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_psychology" title="Quantitative psychology">Quantitative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_psychology" title="Social psychology">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoretical_psychology" title="Theoretical psychology">Theoretical</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Psi-stylized.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="stylized letter psi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Psi-stylized.svg/50px-Psi-stylized.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Psi-stylized.svg/75px-Psi-stylized.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Psi-stylized.svg/100px-Psi-stylized.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="123" data-file-height="124" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><a href="/wiki/Applied_psychology" title="Applied psychology">Applied <br />psychology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalistic_psychology" title="Anomalistic psychology">Anomalistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_behavior_analysis" title="Applied behavior analysis">Applied behavior analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_testing" title="Psychological testing">Assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_psychology" title="Clinical psychology">Clinical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coaching_psychology" title="Coaching psychology">Coaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_psychology" title="Community psychology">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_behaviour" title="Consumer behaviour">Consumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counseling_psychology" title="Counseling psychology">Counseling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_psychology" title="Critical psychology">Critical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_psychology" title="Educational psychology">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_psychology" title="Feminist psychology">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_psychology" title="Forensic psychology">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_psychology" title="Health psychology">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_psychology" title="Humanistic psychology">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_organizational_psychology" title="Industrial and organizational psychology">Industrial and organizational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_psychology" title="Legal psychology">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_psychology" title="Media psychology">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_psychology" title="Medical psychology">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_psychology" title="Military psychology">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_psychology" title="Music psychology">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology" title="Occupational health psychology">Occupational health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastoral psychology">Pastoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_psychology" title="Political psychology">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_psychology" title="Positive psychology">Positive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometrics" title="Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">Psychotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_psychology" title="School psychology">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_psychology" title="Sport psychology">Sport and exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicidology" title="Suicidology">Suicidology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_psychology" title="Systems psychology">Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_psychology" title="Traffic psychology">Traffic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychological_research_methods" title="List of psychological research methods">Methodologies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">Animal testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archival_research" title="Archival research">Archival research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_epigenetics" title="Behavioral epigenetics">Behavior epigenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_study" title="Case study">Case study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Content_analysis" title="Content analysis">Content analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_psychology" title="Experimental psychology">Experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_subject_research" title="Human subject research">Human subject research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interview_(research)" title="Interview (research)">Interviews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroimaging" title="Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observation" title="Observation">Observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychophysics" title="Psychophysics">Psychophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualitative_psychological_research" title="Qualitative psychological research">Qualitative research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_psychological_research" title="Quantitative psychological research">Quantitative research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-report_inventory" title="Self-report inventory">Self-report inventory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survey_methodology" title="Survey methodology">Statistical surveys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behavior" title="Behavior">Behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_behavior_analysis" title="Applied behavior analysis">Behavioral engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_genetics" title="Behavioural genetics">Behavioral genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_neuroscience" title="Behavioral neuroscience">Behavioral neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognition" title="Cognition">Cognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competence_(polyseme)" title="Competence (polyseme)">Competence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_behaviour" title="Consumer behaviour">Consumer behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">Emotions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeling" title="Feeling">Feelings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">Human factors and ergonomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind" title="Mind">Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometrics" title="Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terror_management_theory" title="Terror management theory">Terror management theory</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychologists" title="List of psychologists">Psychologists</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wundt" title="Wilhelm Wundt">Wilhelm Wundt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Thorndike" title="Edward Thorndike">Edward Thorndike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Watson" title="John B. Watson">John B. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_L._Hull" title="Clark L. Hull">Clark L. Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Lewin" title="Kurt Lewin">Kurt Lewin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Allport" title="Gordon Allport">Gordon Allport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._P._Guilford" title="J. P. Guilford">J. P. Guilford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Rogers" title="Carl Rogers">Carl Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Erikson" title="Erik Erikson">Erik Erikson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">B. F. Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_O._Hebb" title="Donald O. Hebb">Donald O. Hebb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hilgard" title="Ernest Hilgard">Ernest Hilgard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harlow" title="Harry Harlow">Harry Harlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Cattell" title="Raymond Cattell">Raymond Cattell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Maslow" title="Abraham Maslow">Abraham Maslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_E._Miller" title="Neal E. Miller">Neal E. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Bruner" title="Jerome Bruner">Jerome Bruner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_T._Campbell" title="Donald T. Campbell">Donald T. Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Eysenck" title="Hans Eysenck">Hans Eysenck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McClelland" title="David McClelland">David McClelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Festinger" title="Leon Festinger">Leon Festinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller">George A. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lazarus" title="Richard Lazarus">Richard Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Schachter" title="Stanley Schachter">Stanley Schachter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zajonc" title="Robert Zajonc">Robert Zajonc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Brown_(psychologist)" title="Roger Brown (psychologist)">Roger Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endel_Tulving" title="Endel Tulving">Endel Tulving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kohlberg" title="Lawrence Kohlberg">Lawrence Kohlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulric_Neisser" title="Ulric Neisser">Ulric Neisser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kagan" title="Jerome Kagan">Jerome Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mischel" title="Walter Mischel">Walter Mischel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Aronson" title="Elliot Aronson">Elliot Aronson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ekman" title="Paul Ekman">Paul Ekman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Posner_(psychologist)" title="Michael Posner (psychologist)">Michael Posner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Tversky" title="Amos Tversky">Amos Tversky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_McEwen" title="Bruce McEwen">Bruce McEwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Squire" title="Larry Squire">Larry Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Nisbett" title="Richard E. Nisbett">Richard E. Nisbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman">Martin Seligman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Diener" title="Ed Diener">Ed Diener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelley_E._Taylor" title="Shelley E. Taylor">Shelley E. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Anderson_(psychologist)" title="John Robert Anderson (psychologist)">John Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_C._Kessler" title="Ronald C. Kessler">Ronald C. Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._LeDoux" title="Joseph E. LeDoux">Joseph E. LeDoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Davidson" title="Richard Davidson">Richard Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Fiske" title="Susan Fiske">Susan Fiske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Baumeister" title="Roy Baumeister">Roy Baumeister</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Psychology_lists" title="Category:Psychology lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_counseling" title="Outline of counseling">Counseling topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_branches_of_psychology" title="List of branches of psychology">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychology_organizations" title="List of psychology organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_psychology" title="Outline of psychology">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychologists" title="List of psychologists">Psychologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychotherapies" title="List of psychotherapies">Psychotherapies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychological_research_methods" title="List of psychological research methods">Research methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychological_schools" title="List of psychological schools">Schools of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_psychology" title="Timeline of psychology">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_psychology_articles" title="Index of psychology articles">Topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#DFEBFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/psychology" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:psychology">Wiktionary definition</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:en:Psychology" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:en:Psychology">Wiktionary category</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Category:Psychology">Wikisource</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Psychology" class="extiw" title="commons:category:Psychology">Wikimedia Commons</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Psychology">Wikiquote</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Psychology">Wikinews</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Psychology">Wikibooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80994#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Erwachsener"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4015431-2">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Adulthood"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85001056">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="成人"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00577236">Japan</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Pieaugušā periods"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000082663&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="בגרות"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007292939805171">Israel</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adult&oldid=1258537213">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adult&oldid=1258537213</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Adulthood" title="Category:Adulthood">Adulthood</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biological_concepts" title="Category:Biological concepts">Biological concepts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Juvenile_law" title="Category:Juvenile law">Juvenile law</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations" title="Category:All articles with incomplete citations">All articles with incomplete citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_June_2021" title="Category:Articles with incomplete citations from June 2021">Articles with incomplete citations from June 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from June 2021">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from June 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_December_2019" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2019">Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_excerpts" title="Category:Articles with excerpts">Articles with excerpts</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 07:20<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adult&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ppdsc","wgBackendResponseTime":138,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.173","walltime":"1.322","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5318,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":184058,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4169,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":263378,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1151.890 1 -total"," 60.43% 696.141 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.32% 245.574 24 Template:Cite_web"," 14.69% 169.199 2 Template:Navbox"," 12.25% 141.129 19 Template:Cite_journal"," 10.19% 117.359 17 Template:Cite_book"," 8.90% 102.543 1 Template:Humandevelopment"," 6.66% 76.766 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.54% 75.330 1 Template:Authority_control"," 6.48% 74.687 1 Template:Psychology"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.794","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6345267,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-5ll9f","timestamp":"20241122141703","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Adult","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adult","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q80994","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q80994","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-01-09T21:40:51Z","dateModified":"2024-11-20T07:20:51Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7d\/ComputerHotline_-_Danaus_plexippus_%28by%29_%283%29.jpg","headline":"living organism that has reached sexual maturity"}</script> </body> </html>