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Ask Fuzzy | Should you tit for tat? Understanding the prisoner's dilemma | The Queanbeyan Age | Queanbeyan, NSW
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Understanding the prisoner's dilemma | The Queanbeyan Age | Queanbeyan, NSW</title><meta name="description" content="Explore the prisoner's dilemma and how tit-for-tat strategy impacts trust and society."/><meta name="robots" content="index, nofollow"/><meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="a48h6kebw1y1v8kec3tpv7p73w5t1q"/><meta name="google-site-verification" content="xPaFUVfJBQJ49OUNSLuqVhjnUhU4nXTAFOcPZ5XKkZ0"/><meta name="vf:container_id" content="8811248"/><meta name="site" content="queanbeyanage"/><meta name="category-l1" content="lands"/><meta name="category-l2" content="life"/><meta name="news_keywords" content="life-style,life,video,domestic"/><meta name="vf:url" content="https://www.queanbeyanage.com.au/story/8811248/ask-fuzzy-should-you-tit-for-tat-understanding-the-prisoners-dilemma/"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/8811248/ask-fuzzy-should-you-tit-for-tat-understanding-the-prisoners-dilemma/"/><meta property="og:title" content="Ask Fuzzy: Should you tit-for-tat?"/><meta property="og:description" content="If you committed a crime, what would it take for you to turn on your partner?"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/8811248/ask-fuzzy-should-you-tit-for-tat-understanding-the-prisoners-dilemma/"/><meta property="og:image:alt" content="If you committed a crime, what would it take for you to turn on your partner? 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Understanding the prisoner's dilemma","image":["/images/transform/v1/crop/frm/XBxJDq6WLub2UphQ8wEq23/f1c629a0-b6b0-49fd-aff3-e2f9e3d820c5.jpg/r736_500_4264_3322_w5000_h4000_fmax.jpg"],"articleSection":"Life & Style","dateCreated":"2024-11-05T23:08:30.523763+00:00","datePublished":"2024-11-09T18:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-05T23:08:30.523763+00:00","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Rod Taylor"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"The Queanbeyan Age","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.queanbeyanage.com.au/static/1732501797/sites/the-queanbeyan-age/images/masthead/masthead-only.svg"}},"articleBody":"Imagine this situation: against all advice from your Ask Fuzzy columnist, you and your partner commit a crime. Unfortunately, your plan goes astray and you're both captured and placed in separate cells. After leaving you to sweat a while, the police investigator comes in and offers you a deal. If you confess, but your partner rats on you, they get off while you get sentenced. However, if you both confess, you'll be let off. It's a simple game about unpredictability that hinges on whether or not your partner will turn you in. The outcome is best if you're both friendly, but do you want to take the risk? This is something that intrigued Robert Axelrod in 1980. Axelrod decided, as MythBusters would say, to "put it to the test", and the answer would prove to offer a profound insight into how evolution and communities work. He built a simple game where the Prisoner's Dilemma could be played many times in a computer simulation. To make it more interesting, he invited people to submit robot players where each could play against the others. At each turn, the robot would decide whether to play nice or play dirty. In all, he received 15 programs. Some were quite sophisticated, keeping track of how each other bot responded to it, while one merely randomised its choices. There was Minimax, Maximin and the Folk Theorem. Grim Trigger's approach was to be nice, then punish forever if the other ever failed to cooperate. Axelrod wanted to know which strategy would be most successful. The answer was unexpected: it turned out that the simplest strategy was also the best. Tit-for-tat's default position was to be generous, but - as the name suggests - it'd play nice until it met another that did not, in which case it'd respond in kind. Or, as Axelrod put it, Tit-for-tat is successful because it is 'nice', 'provokable' and 'forgiving'. Although Axelrod's game is a simplification, it does a surprisingly good job of mirroring the real world. One experiment is based on observations that a stickleback fish will survey an approaching predator. MORE ASK FUZZY: It's a risky move, but safer when the stickleback is accompanied by another. The experiment showed that the stickleback's behaviour changed according to whether it saw its partner cooperating or defecting. In other words, they appeared to be using a tit-for-tat strategy. The tit-for-tat game has major implications for humans because it reflects the degree of trust in a society. The best outcome for all is when trust is strong. However, when falsehoods become common, trust breaks down. And, as trust breaks down, society becomes fragile. The Fuzzy Logic Science Show is at 11am Sundays on 2xx 98.3FM. Send your questions to AskFuzzy@Zoho.com; Podcast: FuzzyLogicOn2xx.Podbean.com","isAccessibleForFree":false}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":"https://www.queanbeyanage.com.au/","name":"Home"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":"https://www.queanbeyanage.com.au/life-style/","name":"Life & Style"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":"https://www.queanbeyanage.com.au/life-style/life/","name":"Life"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"item":"https://www.queanbeyanage.com.au/story/8811248/ask-fuzzy-should-you-tit-for-tat-understanding-the-prisoners-dilemma/","name":"Ask Fuzzy | Should you tit for tat? 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flex-row px-4 empty:hidden md:px-0"></div><div class="px-4 md:px-0 border-gray-900 lg:border-b"><h1 class="mb-5 text-heading-mobile font-bold text-gray-900 md:text-4xl md:leading-12 lg:mb-7 font-merriweather" data-testid="story-title">Ask Fuzzy: Should you tit-for-tat?</h1><div class="mb-7 flex h-auto flex-row flex-wrap items-center text-gray-500 lg:h-8 lg:flex-nowrap"><div class="mb-6 flex size-full flex-row items-center lg:mb-0 lg:w-auto md:mb-6 md:w-full"><div class="h-full font-inter text-xs font-normal leading-3 lg:mr-4 lg:pr-4 hidden border-gray-400 md:block lg:border-r lg:pr-6 flex flex-col"><div class=""><div class="relative -top-1"><span>By</span> <span class="text-blue-600 hover:opacity-30">Rod Taylor</span></div><div class="leading-4"><span>November 10 2024 - 5:30am</span></div></div></div><div class="h-full font-inter text-xs font-normal leading-3 lg:mr-4 lg:pr-4 border-gray-400 md:hidden lg:border-r flex flex-col"><div class=""><div class="relative -top-1"><span>By</span> 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style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">Imagine this situation: against all advice from your Ask Fuzzy columnist, you and your partner commit a crime. 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border"><svg class="h-6 w-10" viewBox="0 2 33 17"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0 2.196C0 .983.983 0 2.196 0h28.008C31.417 0 32.4.983 32.4 2.196v15.858a2.196 2.196 0 01-2.196 2.196H2.196A2.196 2.196 0 010 18.054V2.196z" fill="#FFFFFF" fill-rule="evenodd"></path><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.3 8.268c-.015 1.114 1.075 1.735 1.895 2.105.844.379 1.127.622 1.124.961-.006.52-.673.748-1.296.757-1.089.016-1.721-.271-2.225-.488l-.392 1.694c.505.215 1.44.402 2.409.41 2.274 0 3.763-1.037 3.77-2.645.01-2.04-3.055-2.154-3.035-3.066.008-.277.293-.572.92-.647.31-.038 1.165-.067 2.135.346l.38-1.64a6.229 6.229 0 00-2.026-.343c-2.141 0-3.647 1.05-3.66 2.556zm9.344-2.415c-.415 0-.765.224-.921.567l-3.25 7.167h2.273l.453-1.155h2.777l.263 1.155h2.003l-1.748-7.734h-1.85zm.318 2.09l.656 2.903h-1.796l1.14-2.904zm-12.418-2.09l-1.792 7.734h2.166l1.791-7.734h-2.165zm-3.205 0l-2.254 5.264-.912-4.476c-.107-.5-.53-.788-.999-.788H2.488l-.051.224c.756.152 1.616.397 2.137.658.319.16.41.3.514.68l1.728 6.172h2.289l3.51-7.734h-2.276z" fill="#1A1F71" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="h-0" id="subscription-select-wrap-fullpage"></div></div></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">After leaving you to sweat a while, the police investigator comes in and offers you a deal. </p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0" style="max-width:640px"></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">If you confess, but your partner rats on you, they get off while you get sentenced.</p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">However, if you both confess, you'll be let off.</p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">It's a simple game about unpredictability that hinges on whether or not your partner will turn you in. The outcome is best if you're both friendly, but do you want to take the risk?</p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0" style="max-width:640px"><h2 class="text-xl font-bold">The Prisoner's Dilemma</h2></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">This is something that intrigued Robert Axelrod in 1980. </p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">Axelrod decided, as MythBusters would say, to "put it to the test", and the answer would prove to offer a profound insight into how evolution and communities work.</p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">He built a simple game where the Prisoner's Dilemma could be played many times in a computer simulation. </p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">To make it more interesting, he invited people to submit robot players where each could play against the others. At each turn, the robot would decide whether to play nice or play dirty.</p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6" style="max-width:768px"><div class="mb-6"><div class="aspect-w-16 aspect-h-9"><div class="md:overflow-hidden md:rounded-md"><picture><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="/images/transform/v1/crop/frm/XBxJDq6WLub2UphQ8wEq23/f1c629a0-b6b0-49fd-aff3-e2f9e3d820c5.jpg/r0_500_5000_3322_w576_h298_fmax.webp 1x"/><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="/images/transform/v1/crop/frm/XBxJDq6WLub2UphQ8wEq23/f1c629a0-b6b0-49fd-aff3-e2f9e3d820c5.jpg/r0_500_5000_3322_w576_h298_fmax.jpg 1x"/><source srcSet="/images/transform/v1/crop/frm/XBxJDq6WLub2UphQ8wEq23/f1c629a0-b6b0-49fd-aff3-e2f9e3d820c5.jpg/r0_500_5000_3322_w1200_h678_fmax.webp 1x" type="image/webp"/><img alt="If you committed a crime, what would it take for you to turn on your partner? Picture Shutterstock" class="mx-auto w-full" loading="lazy" src="/images/transform/v1/crop/frm/XBxJDq6WLub2UphQ8wEq23/f1c629a0-b6b0-49fd-aff3-e2f9e3d820c5.jpg/r0_500_5000_3322_w1200_h678_fmax.jpg" title="If you committed a crime, what would it take for you to turn on your partner? Picture Shutterstock"/></picture></div></div><div class="px-4 pt-3 font-inter text-sm font-normal leading-5 text-gray-500 md:px-0"><svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-camera fa-w-16 mr-2 max-h-4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 512 512" role="img"><path fill="currentColor" d="M149.1 64.8L138.7 96 64 96C28.7 96 0 124.7 0 160L0 416c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64l384 0c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64l0-256c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64l-74.7 0L362.9 64.8C356.4 45.2 338.1 32 317.4 32L194.6 32c-20.7 0-39 13.2-45.5 32.8zM256 192a96 96 0 1 1 0 192 96 96 0 1 1 0-192z"></path></svg>If you committed a crime, what would it take for you to turn on your partner? Picture Shutterstock</div></div></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">In all, he received 15 programs. Some were quite sophisticated, keeping track of how each other bot responded to it, while one merely randomised its choices.</p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">There was Minimax, Maximin and the Folk Theorem.</p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">Grim Trigger's approach was to be nice, then punish forever if the other ever failed to cooperate.</p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">Axelrod wanted to know which strategy would be most successful.</p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">The answer was unexpected: it turned out that the simplest strategy was also the best.</p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">Tit-for-tat's default position was to be generous, but - as the name suggests - it'd play nice until it met another that did not, in which case it'd respond in kind. </p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">Or, as Axelrod put it, Tit-for-tat is successful because it is 'nice', 'provokable' and 'forgiving'.</p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">Although Axelrod's game is a simplification, it does a surprisingly good job of mirroring the real world.</p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">One experiment is based on observations that a stickleback fish will survey an approaching predator. </p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG"><b>MORE ASK FUZZY:</b></p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0" style="max-width:640px"><ul class="list-outside list-disc pl-5 text-xl text-gray-200 marker:text-gray-400"><li class="mb-4 pl-1"><span class="text-base text-gray-800 prose"><a href="/story/8806035/ask-fuzzy-who-was-george-boole/" rel="follow" target="_self">Who was George Boole?</a></span></li><li class="mb-4 pl-1"><span class="text-base text-gray-800 prose"><a href="/story/8798564/ask-fuzzy-why-is-cyanide-toxic/" rel="follow" target="_blank">Why is cyanide toxic?</a></span></li><li class="mb-4 pl-1"><span class="text-base text-gray-800 prose"><a href="/story/8792447/ask-fuzzy-what-is-a-sphygmomanometer/" rel="follow" target="_blank">What is a sphygmomanometer?</a></span></li><li class="mb-4 pl-1"><span class="text-base text-gray-800 prose"><a href="/story/8779300/ask-fuzzy-is-tossing-a-coin-truly-random/" rel="follow" target="_blank">Is tossing a coin truly random?</a></span></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">It's a risky move, but safer when the stickleback is accompanied by another. </p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">The experiment showed that the stickleback's behaviour changed according to whether it saw its partner cooperating or defecting. </p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">In other words, they appeared to be using a tit-for-tat strategy.</p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">The tit-for-tat game has major implications for humans because it reflects the degree of trust in a society.</p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">The best outcome for all is when trust is strong.</p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">However, when falsehoods become common, trust breaks down. </p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG">And, as trust breaks down, society becomes fragile.</p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG"><b>The Fuzzy Logic Science Show is at 11am Sundays on 2xx 98.3FM.</b></p></div></div><div class="hidden"><div class="mx-auto mb-6 px-4 md:px-0 text-lg font-normal leading-8 text-gray-800" style="max-width:640px"><p class="Paragraph_wrapper__6w7GG"><b>Send your questions to <a href="mailto:AskFuzzy@Zoho.com?subject=Question%20for%20Ask%20Fuzzy" target="_blank">AskFuzzy@Zoho.com</a>; Podcast: <a href="https://fuzzylogicon2xx.podbean.com/" rel="follow" 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Unfortunately, your plan goes astray and you're both captured and placed in separate cells.\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"After leaving you to sweat a while, the police investigator comes in and offers you a deal. \",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"description\":\"It takes six weeks to make an Akubra, passing through 60 pairs of hands in the Kempsey factory. Hear from Production Manager Stephen Keir V who was born into the business.\",\"embed\":\"\u003ciframe src=\\\"https://geo.dailymotion.com/player.html?video=x98jsta\\\" allow=\\\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; web-share\\\" allowfullscreen frameborder=\\\"0\\\" width=\\\"640\\\" height=\\\"360\\\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\",\"service\":\"dailymotion\",\"serviceId\":\"x98jsta\",\"serviceType\":\"video\",\"title\":\"How Akubra hats are made: inside Akubra's Kempsey workshop\",\"type\":\"generic\"},{\"text\":\"If you confess, but your partner rats on you, they get off while you get sentenced.\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"However, if you both confess, you'll be let off.\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"It's a simple game about unpredictability that hinges on whether or not your partner will turn you in. The outcome is best if you're both friendly, but do you want to take the risk?\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"level\":\"2\",\"text\":\"The Prisoner's Dilemma\",\"type\":\"heading\"},{\"text\":\"This is something that intrigued Robert Axelrod in 1980. \",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"Axelrod decided, as MythBusters would say, to \\\"put it to the test\\\", and the answer would prove to offer a profound insight into how evolution and communities work.\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"He built a simple game where the Prisoner's Dilemma could be played many times in a computer simulation. \",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"To make it more interesting, he invited people to submit robot players where each could play against the others. At each turn, the robot would decide whether to play nice or play dirty.\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"colourMode\":\"RGB\",\"cropConfig\":{\"cropHeight\":2822,\"cropWidth\":5000,\"cropX\":0,\"cropY\":500,\"focalX\":2500,\"focalY\":2000,\"scale\":1},\"description\":\"If you committed a crime, what would it take for you to turn on your partner? Picture Shutterstock\",\"height\":4000,\"link\":\"\",\"title\":\"\",\"type\":\"image\",\"uri\":\"/XBxJDq6WLub2UphQ8wEq23/f1c629a0-b6b0-49fd-aff3-e2f9e3d820c5.jpg\",\"visible\":[\"web\",\"print\"],\"width\":5000},{\"text\":\"In all, he received 15 programs. Some were quite sophisticated, keeping track of how each other bot responded to it, while one merely randomised its choices.\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"There was Minimax, Maximin and the Folk Theorem.\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"Grim Trigger's approach was to be nice, then punish forever if the other ever failed to cooperate.\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"Axelrod wanted to know which strategy would be most successful.\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"The answer was unexpected: it turned out that the simplest strategy was also the best.\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"Tit-for-tat's default position was to be generous, but - as the name suggests - it'd play nice until it met another that did not, in which case it'd respond in kind. \",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"Or, as Axelrod put it, Tit-for-tat is successful because it is 'nice', 'provokable' and 'forgiving'.\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"Although Axelrod's game is a simplification, it does a surprisingly good job of mirroring the real world.\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"One experiment is based on observations that a stickleback fish will survey an approaching predator. \",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"\u003cb\u003eMORE ASK FUZZY:\u003c/b\u003e\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"items\":[\"\u003ca href=\\\"/story/8806035/ask-fuzzy-who-was-george-boole/\\\" rel=\\\"follow\\\" target=\\\"_self\\\"\u003eWho was George Boole?\u003c/a\u003e\",\"\u003ca href=\\\"/story/8798564/ask-fuzzy-why-is-cyanide-toxic/\\\" rel=\\\"follow\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eWhy is cyanide toxic?\u003c/a\u003e\",\"\u003ca href=\\\"/story/8792447/ask-fuzzy-what-is-a-sphygmomanometer/\\\" rel=\\\"follow\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eWhat is a sphygmomanometer?\u003c/a\u003e\",\"\u003ca href=\\\"/story/8779300/ask-fuzzy-is-tossing-a-coin-truly-random/\\\" rel=\\\"follow\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eIs tossing a coin truly random?\u003c/a\u003e\"],\"listType\":\"unordered\",\"type\":\"list\"},{\"text\":\"It's a risky move, but safer when the stickleback is accompanied by another. \",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"The experiment showed that the stickleback's behaviour changed according to whether it saw its partner cooperating or defecting. \",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"In other words, they appeared to be using a tit-for-tat strategy.\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"The tit-for-tat game has major implications for humans because it reflects the degree of trust in a society.\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"The best outcome for all is when trust is strong.\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"However, when falsehoods become common, trust breaks down. \",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"And, as trust breaks down, society becomes fragile.\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"\u003cb\u003eThe Fuzzy Logic Science Show is at 11am Sundays on 2xx 98.3FM.\u003c/b\u003e\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"},{\"text\":\"\u003cb\u003eSend your questions to \u003ca href=\\\"mailto:AskFuzzy@Zoho.com?subject=Question%20for%20Ask%20Fuzzy\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eAskFuzzy@Zoho.com\u003c/a\u003e; Podcast: \u003ca href=\\\"https://fuzzylogicon2xx.podbean.com/\\\" rel=\\\"follow\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eFuzzyLogicOn2xx.Podbean.com\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\",\"type\":\"paragraph\"}],\"seoTitle\":\"Ask Fuzzy | Should you tit for tat? Understanding the prisoner's dilemma\",\"seoDescription\":\"Explore the prisoner's dilemma and how tit-for-tat strategy impacts trust and society.\",\"canonicalPrimaryPageName\":\"Life \u0026 Style\",\"canonicalSecondaryPageName\":\"Life\",\"orgName\":\"The Canberra Times\",\"wordCount\":458,\"wordCountRange\":\"0 - 499\",\"isOpinion\":false,\"contentTier\":\"metered\",\"bodyText\":\"$19\",\"storySeoNoIndex\":true,\"localNewsStoryList\":{\"storyListId\":1529,\"pinnedStoryIds\":[\"8819117\",\"8795773\",\"8607501\",\"8558990\"],\"stories\":[{\"byline\":\"Louise Thrower\",\"organization\":\"26\",\"publishFrom\":\"2024-11-24T03:07:00+00:00\",\"updatedOn\":\"2024-11-24T06:33:01.598406+00:00\",\"pubStatus\":\"p\",\"summary\":\"Goulburn teenager, Matthew Gale has been found.\",\"title\":\"Police locate missing Goulburn teenager, safe and well\",\"tags\":[\"video\",\"news\",\"free\",\"signpost-updated\"],\"comments\":\"o\",\"authors\":[{\"bio\":\"If you have a story to tell, drop me a line at louise.thrower@austcommunitymedia.com.au or call 0418 229 678.\",\"defaultOrganization\":null,\"disqus\":\"\",\"email\":\"louise.thrower@austcommunitymedia.com.au\",\"facebook\":\"louisethrower.journo\",\"googleplus\":\"\",\"instagram\":\"\",\"linkedin\":\"\",\"livefyre\":\"\",\"mugshot\":\"/FkT3ZusFw5YrTvZCipmLUF/e8be60c2-c3bb-4621-b1f3-9ef7167a2c8f.jpg\",\"mugshotPdf\":\"\",\"phone\":\"\",\"pinterest\":\"\",\"position\":\"Senior journalist\",\"reddit\":\"\",\"resourceUri\":\"/api/v1/author/156/\",\"role\":\"dp\",\"snapchat\":\"\",\"tiktok\":\"\",\"tumblr\":\"\",\"twitter\":\"ThrowerLouise\",\"web\":\"\",\"youtube\":\"\",\"id\":156,\"name\":\"Louise Thrower\"}],\"leadImage\":{\"cropConfig\":{\"cropHeight\":1908,\"cropWidth\":1536,\"cropX\":0,\"cropY\":0,\"focalX\":512,\"focalY\":232,\"scale\":1},\"description\":\"Police earlier appealed for public help to locate 17-year-old Matthew Gale, who was missing from Goulburn. Picture supplied.\",\"height\":2048,\"link\":\"\",\"title\":\"\",\"uri\":\"/FkT3ZusFw5YrTvZCipmLUF/6b8b33a0-b94f-4a63-9bff-6a22c5c590fd.jpg\",\"visible\":[\"web\",\"print\"],\"width\":1536},\"publishable\":true,\"isPinned\":false,\"id\":\"8828155\",\"externalLink\":false,\"canonicalUrl\":\"\",\"storyUrl\":\"/story/8828155/police-hold-concerns-for-missing-goulburn-teen-matthew-gale/\"},{\"byline\":\"Brittney Levinson\",\"organization\":\"201\",\"publishFrom\":\"2024-11-19T01:23:41.903021+00:00\",\"updatedOn\":\"2024-11-19T04:58:18.607368+00:00\",\"pubStatus\":\"p\",\"summary\":\"Bunnings has already said it will review the decision.\",\"title\":\"Bunnings breached privacy with 'intrusive' facial recognition technology\",\"tags\":[\"video\",\"business\",\"news\",\"domestic\"],\"comments\":\"o\",\"authors\":[{\"bio\":\"Brittney is part of the federal political bureau, covering politics, the public service and economics. 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