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Shams-bakhsh","profile_url":"https://modares.academia.edu/MShamsbakhsh?f_ri=880714","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34208383/10030960/11188752/s65_m..shams-bakhsh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9109,"name":"Tobacco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tobacco?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":20282,"name":"RNA silencing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA_silencing?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":51121,"name":"RNA interference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RNA_interference?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":66973,"name":"Plant diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases?f_ri=880714"},{"id":82145,"name":"Virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus?f_ri=880714"},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=880714"},{"id":202410,"name":"Green Fluorescent Protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_Fluorescent_Protein?f_ri=880714"},{"id":209755,"name":"Cucumber mosaic virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cucumber_mosaic_virus?f_ri=880714"},{"id":880714,"name":"Induced Defense","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Induced_Defense?f_ri=880714"},{"id":1033311,"name":"Transgene Expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transgene_Expression?f_ri=880714"},{"id":1818817,"name":"Potato virus Y","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potato_virus_Y?f_ri=880714"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11409794" data-work_id="11409794" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11409794/Biology_of_the_Heat_Shock_Response_and_Stress_Conditioning">Biology of the Heat Shock Response and Stress Conditioning</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The heat shock or stress response has been studied mainly as a cellular response. Most of the data come from bacterial cells, eukaryotic microorganisms (yeast primarily), and cultured animal cells. Often these cultured cells are tumor... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11409794" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The heat shock or stress response has been studied mainly as a cellular response. Most of the data come from bacterial cells, eukaryotic microorganisms (yeast primarily), and cultured animal cells. Often these cultured cells are tumor cell lines, i.e., cells that are functionally eukaryotic microorganisms as a consequence of genetic changes that change their social behavior and proliferative control. These systems have provided useful information about stress protein function and their roles in the defensive cellular state of cytoprotection. However, a full understanding of stress response biology in complex multicellular organisms requires different thinking and different models. This conclusion stems from the paradigm that the basic unit of function in animals and plants is not the individual cell but the tissue. Therefore stress response biology in these complex biological systems is primarily about tissue-level protection. Ultimately we would like to know how these responses are deployed in humans and how these inducible defenses may be used to prevent tissue damage from disease and from surgical intervention.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11409794" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="94c86b0aaa29eb1d2622f1e7e89a277d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46723900,"asset_id":11409794,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46723900/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDQ0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27759081" href="https://uconn.academia.edu/LawrenceHightower">Lawrence Hightower</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27759081" type="text/json">{"id":27759081,"first_name":"Lawrence","last_name":"Hightower","domain_name":"uconn","page_name":"LawrenceHightower","display_name":"Lawrence Hightower","profile_url":"https://uconn.academia.edu/LawrenceHightower?f_ri=880714","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27759081/7886039/8835306/s65_lawrence.hightower.jpg_oh_d8dfbd0fa3152ac3973e7985b7589c6c_oe_5572aaff___gda___1438143900_c3667bdd51cf1313bac3a84253ceab89"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11409794 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11409794"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11409794, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11409794", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11409794]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11409794").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11409794").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11409794"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53331" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior">Social behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53331" type="text/json">{"id":53331,"name":"Social behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98707" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_response">Stress response</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="98707" type="text/json">{"id":98707,"name":"Stress response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_response?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="351461" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_systems">Biological systems</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="351461" type="text/json">{"id":351461,"name":"Biological systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_systems?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11409794]'), work: {"id":11409794,"title":"Biology of the Heat Shock Response and Stress Conditioning","created_at":"2015-03-13T08:46:44.099-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11409794/Biology_of_the_Heat_Shock_Response_and_Stress_Conditioning?f_ri=880714","dom_id":"work_11409794","summary":"The heat shock or stress response has been studied mainly as a cellular response. Most of the data come from bacterial cells, eukaryotic microorganisms (yeast primarily), and cultured animal cells. Often these cultured cells are tumor cell lines, i.e., cells that are functionally eukaryotic microorganisms as a consequence of genetic changes that change their social behavior and proliferative control. These systems have provided useful information about stress protein function and their roles in the defensive cellular state of cytoprotection. However, a full understanding of stress response biology in complex multicellular organisms requires different thinking and different models. This conclusion stems from the paradigm that the basic unit of function in animals and plants is not the individual cell but the tissue. Therefore stress response biology in these complex biological systems is primarily about tissue-level protection. Ultimately we would like to know how these responses are deployed in humans and how these inducible defenses may be used to prevent tissue damage from disease and from surgical intervention.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46723900,"asset_id":11409794,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27759081,"first_name":"Lawrence","last_name":"Hightower","domain_name":"uconn","page_name":"LawrenceHightower","display_name":"Lawrence Hightower","profile_url":"https://uconn.academia.edu/LawrenceHightower?f_ri=880714","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27759081/7886039/8835306/s65_lawrence.hightower.jpg_oh_d8dfbd0fa3152ac3973e7985b7589c6c_oe_5572aaff___gda___1438143900_c3667bdd51cf1313bac3a84253ceab89"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":53331,"name":"Social behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":98707,"name":"Stress response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_response?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":351461,"name":"Biological systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_systems?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":575076,"name":"Heat Shock","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_Shock?f_ri=880714"},{"id":628583,"name":"Social Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Behavior-1?f_ri=880714"},{"id":880714,"name":"Induced Defense","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Induced_Defense?f_ri=880714"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12326451" data-work_id="12326451" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12326451/Elicitor_recognition_signal_transduction_and_induced_resistance_in_plants">Elicitor recognition, signal transduction and induced resistance in plants</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The most viable and practical option for the management of plant diseases is disease resistance. However, in most of the crop plants, natural resistance against pathogens is rare. Breeding resistant varieties is a long-term process and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12326451" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The most viable and practical option for the management of plant diseases is disease resistance. However, in most of the crop plants, natural resistance against pathogens is rare. Breeding resistant varieties is a long-term process and the possibility of resistance being broken always exists. Induced resistance exploiting natural defense machinery of plants is indeed an alternative, nonconventional and ecologically friendly</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12326451" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ceafb09820af5a8f2f43898b2722b4e8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46240889,"asset_id":12326451,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46240889/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDQ0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30982945" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AjayMishra36">Ajay Mishra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30982945" type="text/json">{"id":30982945,"first_name":"Ajay","last_name":"Mishra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AjayMishra36","display_name":"Ajay Mishra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AjayMishra36?f_ri=880714","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30982945/9072983/10120555/s65_ajay.mishra.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12326451 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12326451"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12326451, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12326451", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12326451]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12326451").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12326451").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12326451"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3530" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture">Sustainable agriculture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3530" type="text/json">{"id":3530,"name":"Sustainable agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38831" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction">Signal Transduction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="38831" type="text/json">{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12326451]'), work: {"id":12326451,"title":"Elicitor recognition, signal transduction and induced resistance in plants","created_at":"2015-05-10T23:36:13.248-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12326451/Elicitor_recognition_signal_transduction_and_induced_resistance_in_plants?f_ri=880714","dom_id":"work_12326451","summary":"The most viable and practical option for the management of plant diseases is disease resistance. However, in most of the crop plants, natural resistance against pathogens is rare. Breeding resistant varieties is a long-term process and the possibility of resistance being broken always exists. Induced resistance exploiting natural defense machinery of plants is indeed an alternative, nonconventional and ecologically friendly","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46240889,"asset_id":12326451,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30982945,"first_name":"Ajay","last_name":"Mishra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AjayMishra36","display_name":"Ajay Mishra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AjayMishra36?f_ri=880714","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30982945/9072983/10120555/s65_ajay.mishra.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":3530,"name":"Sustainable agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":105062,"name":"Disease resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_resistance?f_ri=880714"},{"id":203926,"name":"Plant Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Protection?f_ri=880714"},{"id":261215,"name":"Plant Pathogen interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Pathogen_interaction?f_ri=880714"},{"id":275171,"name":"Plant Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Interactions?f_ri=880714"},{"id":560410,"name":"Plant Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Disease?f_ri=880714"},{"id":880714,"name":"Induced Defense","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Induced_Defense?f_ri=880714"},{"id":893159,"name":"Chemical Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Control?f_ri=880714"},{"id":985258,"name":"Information Presentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Presentation?f_ri=880714"},{"id":1752942,"name":"Induced Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Induced_Resistance?f_ri=880714"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2251834" data-work_id="2251834" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2251834/Early_interactions_with_adults_mediate_the_development_of_predator_defenses_in_guppies">Early interactions with adults mediate the development of predator defenses in guppies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share 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data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2251834]'), work: {"id":2251834,"title":"Early interactions with adults mediate the development of predator defenses in guppies","created_at":"2012-12-06T21:47:39.362-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2251834/Early_interactions_with_adults_mediate_the_development_of_predator_defenses_in_guppies?f_ri=880714","dom_id":"work_2251834","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50698067,"asset_id":2251834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1973676,"first_name":"Lesley","last_name":"Morrell","domain_name":"hull","page_name":"LesleyMorrell","display_name":"Lesley Morrell","profile_url":"https://hull.academia.edu/LesleyMorrell?f_ri=880714","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/63a2629d5ba82fa63914e6fdd43aa684?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":21071,"name":"Phenotypic Plasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotypic_Plasticity?f_ri=880714"},{"id":25730,"name":"Behavioral Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Ecology?f_ri=880714"},{"id":60635,"name":"Guppy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guppy?f_ri=880714"},{"id":174464,"name":"Social Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Environment?f_ri=880714"},{"id":243384,"name":"Physical Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Interaction?f_ri=880714"},{"id":254128,"name":"Predation Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predation_Risk?f_ri=880714"},{"id":357792,"name":"Predator Defences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator_Defences?f_ri=880714"},{"id":880714,"name":"Induced Defense","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Induced_Defense?f_ri=880714"},{"id":1228956,"name":"Social Experiment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Experiment?f_ri=880714"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17424482 coauthored" data-work_id="17424482" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17424482/Arbuscular_mycorrhiza_biological_chemical_and_molecular_aspects">Arbuscular mycorrhiza: biological, chemical, and molecular aspects</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mycorrhizas are the most important mutualistic symbioses on earth. The most prevalent type are the arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) that develop between roots of most terrestrial plants and fungal species of the Zygomycota. The AM fungi are... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17424482" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mycorrhizas are the most important mutualistic symbioses on earth. The most prevalent type are the arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) that develop between roots of most terrestrial plants and fungal species of the Zygomycota. The AM fungi are able to grow into the root cortex forming intercellular hyphae from which highly branched structures, arbuscules, originate within cortex cells. The arbuscules are responsible for nutrient exchange between the host and the symbiont, transporting carbohydrates from the plant to the fungus and mineral nutrients, especially phosphate, and water from the fungus to the plant. Plants adapt their phosphate uptake to the interaction with the AM fungus by synthesis of specific phosphate transporters. Colonization of root cells induces dramatic changes in the cytoplasmic organization: vacuole fragmentation, transformation of the plasma membrane to a periarbuscular membrane covering the arbuscule, increase of the cytoplasm volume and numbers of cell organelles,...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17424482" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3eba29e049c11fb12beb2fb07e024d0d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41916413,"asset_id":17424482,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41916413/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDQ0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37151495" href="https://dissmeyerlab.academia.edu/MichaelWalter">Michael H Walter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37151495" type="text/json">{"id":37151495,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Walter","domain_name":"dissmeyerlab","page_name":"MichaelWalter","display_name":"Michael H Walter","profile_url":"https://dissmeyerlab.academia.edu/MichaelWalter?f_ri=880714","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37151495/133759853/123192570/s65_michael.walter.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-17424482">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-17424482"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://dissmeyerlab.academia.edu/WillibaldSchliemann">Willibald Schliemann</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-17424482'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-17424482').html(); 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data-has-card-for-ri="2442" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_Science">Atmospheric Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2442" type="text/json">{"id":2442,"name":"Atmospheric Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_Science?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31356" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lepidoptera">Lepidoptera</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31356" type="text/json">{"id":31356,"name":"Lepidoptera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lepidoptera?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54961" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth">Growth</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="54961" type="text/json">{"id":54961,"name":"Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22042496]'), work: {"id":22042496,"title":"Monoterpene and herbivore-induced emissions from cabbage plants grown at elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration","created_at":"2016-02-16T04:29:56.571-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22042496/Monoterpene_and_herbivore_induced_emissions_from_cabbage_plants_grown_at_elevated_atmospheric_CO2_concentration?f_ri=880714","dom_id":"work_22042496","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42726654,"asset_id":22042496,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37714236,"first_name":"Jarmo","last_name":"Holopainen","domain_name":"uef","page_name":"JarmoHolopainen","display_name":"Jarmo K Holopainen","profile_url":"https://uef.academia.edu/JarmoHolopainen?f_ri=880714","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34676625" data-work_id="34676625" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34676625/Phytohormonal_signaling_in_plant_responses_to_aphid_feeding">Phytohormonal signaling in plant responses to aphid feeding</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34676625" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div 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Recognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pattern_Recognition?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35637" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Mechanics">Molecular Mechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35637" type="text/json">{"id":35637,"name":"Molecular Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Mechanics?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34676625]'), work: {"id":34676625,"title":"Phytohormonal signaling in plant responses to aphid feeding","created_at":"2017-09-25T18:40:25.830-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34676625/Phytohormonal_signaling_in_plant_responses_to_aphid_feeding?f_ri=880714","dom_id":"work_34676625","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54535969,"asset_id":34676625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":68683649,"first_name":"Van","last_name":"Mai","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VanMai14","display_name":"Van Mai","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VanMai14?f_ri=880714","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3855,"name":"Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":5109,"name":"Pattern Recognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pattern_Recognition?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":35637,"name":"Molecular Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Mechanics?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":44022,"name":"Free Radical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Radical?f_ri=880714"},{"id":163821,"name":"Signal Transduction Pathway Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction_Pathway_Models?f_ri=880714"},{"id":242015,"name":"PLANT DEFENSE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLANT_DEFENSE?f_ri=880714"},{"id":274826,"name":"Hydrogen Peroxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Peroxide?f_ri=880714"},{"id":586072,"name":"Plant species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_species?f_ri=880714"},{"id":880714,"name":"Induced Defense","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Induced_Defense?f_ri=880714"},{"id":1133885,"name":"Salicylic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salicylic_Acid?f_ri=880714"},{"id":1206195,"name":"Gibberellic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gibberellic_Acid?f_ri=880714"},{"id":1835952,"name":"Aphid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aphid?f_ri=880714"},{"id":1891270,"name":"Jasmonic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jasmonic_Acid?f_ri=880714"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4624884" data-work_id="4624884" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4624884/The_eco_physiological_complexity_of_plant_responses_to_insect_herbivores">The eco-physiological complexity of plant responses to insect herbivores</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x 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class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4624884"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4624884; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4624884]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4624884").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4624884").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4624884"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="880714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Induced_Defense">Induced Defense</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="880714" type="text/json">{"id":880714,"name":"Induced Defense","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Induced_Defense?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1322750" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Planta">Planta</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1322750" type="text/json">{"id":1322750,"name":"Planta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Planta?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4624884]'), work: {"id":4624884,"title":"The eco-physiological complexity of plant responses to insect herbivores","created_at":"2013-09-29T20:38:37.170-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4624884/The_eco_physiological_complexity_of_plant_responses_to_insect_herbivores?f_ri=880714","dom_id":"work_4624884","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49750510,"asset_id":4624884,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5838028,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Baldwin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IanBaldwin","display_name":"Ian Baldwin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanBaldwin?f_ri=880714","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":880714,"name":"Induced Defense","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Induced_Defense?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":1322750,"name":"Planta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Planta?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10939893" data-work_id="10939893" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10939893/Effects_of_Large_Mammalian_Herbivores_and_Ant_Symbionts_on_Condensed_Tannins_of_Acacia_drepanolobium_in_Kenya">Effects of Large Mammalian Herbivores and Ant Symbionts on Condensed Tannins of Acacia drepanolobium in Kenya</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Condensed tannins have been considered to be important inducible defenses against mammalian herbivory. We tested for differences in condensed tannin defenses in Acacia drepanolobium in Kenya over two years among different large mammalian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10939893" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Condensed tannins have been considered to be important inducible defenses against mammalian herbivory. We tested for differences in condensed tannin defenses in Acacia drepanolobium in Kenya over two years among different large mammalian herbivore treatments [total exclusion, antelope only, and megaherbivore (elephants and giraffes) + antelope] and with four different ant symbiont species on the trees. We predicted that (1) condensed tannin concentrations would be lowest in the mammal treatment with the lowest level of herbivory (total exclusion), (2) trees occupied by mutualist ants that protect the trees most aggressively would have lower levels of tannins, and (3) if chemical defense production is costly, there would be a trade-off between tannin concentrations, growth, and mechanical defenses. Mean tannin concentrations increased from total exclusion treatments to wildlife-only treatments to megaherbivore + antelope treatments. In 1997, condensed tannin concentrations were significantly lower in trees occupied by the ant Crematogaster nigriceps, the only ant species that actively removed axillary buds. Contrary to our prediction, trees occupied by ant species that protect the trees more aggressively against mammalian herbivores did not have lower overall levels of condensed tannins. There was no consistent evidence of a trade-off between tannin concentrations and growth rate, but there was a positive correlation between mean thorn length and mean tannin concentrations across species of ant inhabitants and across herbivore treatments in 1997. Contrary to our expectation, trees had higher tannin concentrations in the upper parts of the canopy where there is little herbivory by mammals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10939893" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ed037c197772f3558066d69d22415b1d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47011635,"asset_id":10939893,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47011635/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDQ0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26026261" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidWard18">David Ward</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26026261" type="text/json">{"id":26026261,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ward","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidWard18","display_name":"David Ward","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidWard18?f_ri=880714","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10939893 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10939893"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10939893, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10939893", }); 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We tested for differences in condensed tannin defenses in Acacia drepanolobium in Kenya over two years among different large mammalian herbivore treatments [total exclusion, antelope only, and megaherbivore (elephants and giraffes) + antelope] and with four different ant symbiont species on the trees. We predicted that (1) condensed tannin concentrations would be lowest in the mammal treatment with the lowest level of herbivory (total exclusion), (2) trees occupied by mutualist ants that protect the trees most aggressively would have lower levels of tannins, and (3) if chemical defense production is costly, there would be a trade-off between tannin concentrations, growth, and mechanical defenses. Mean tannin concentrations increased from total exclusion treatments to wildlife-only treatments to megaherbivore + antelope treatments. In 1997, condensed tannin concentrations were significantly lower in trees occupied by the ant Crematogaster nigriceps, the only ant species that actively removed axillary buds. Contrary to our prediction, trees occupied by ant species that protect the trees more aggressively against mammalian herbivores did not have lower overall levels of condensed tannins. There was no consistent evidence of a trade-off between tannin concentrations and growth rate, but there was a positive correlation between mean thorn length and mean tannin concentrations across species of ant inhabitants and across herbivore treatments in 1997. Contrary to our expectation, trees had higher tannin concentrations in the upper parts of the canopy where there is little herbivory by mammals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47011635,"asset_id":10939893,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26026261,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Ward","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidWard18","display_name":"David Ward","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidWard18?f_ri=880714","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4497,"name":"Chemical Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Ecology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":41779,"name":"Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammals?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":59689,"name":"Ants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ants?f_ri=880714"},{"id":64577,"name":"Elephants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elephants?f_ri=880714"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=880714"},{"id":199661,"name":"Acacia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acacia?f_ri=880714"},{"id":202574,"name":"Feeding Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Behavior?f_ri=880714"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=880714"},{"id":533274,"name":"Growth rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_rate?f_ri=880714"},{"id":592625,"name":"Tannins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tannins?f_ri=880714"},{"id":784076,"name":"Species Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Specificity?f_ri=880714"},{"id":880714,"name":"Induced Defense","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Induced_Defense?f_ri=880714"},{"id":1345118,"name":"Chemical Defense","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Defense?f_ri=880714"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11899523" data-work_id="11899523" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11899523/Local_and_systemic_stress_responses_in_Norway_spruce_Similarities_in_gene_expression_between_a_compatible_pathogen_interaction_and_drought_stress">Local and systemic stress responses in Norway spruce: Similarities in gene expression between a compatible pathogen interaction and drought stress</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11899523" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cdd2a9a499d55596cb72dc9832ef5dfd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46449637,"asset_id":11899523,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Responses_of_plant_to_abiotic_stresses">Responses of plant to abiotic stresses</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8329" type="text/json">{"id":8329,"name":"Responses of plant to abiotic stresses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Responses_of_plant_to_abiotic_stresses?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11228" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycology_and_Plant_pathology">Mycology and Plant pathology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11228" type="text/json">{"id":11228,"name":"Mycology and Plant pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycology_and_Plant_pathology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11899523]'), work: {"id":11899523,"title":"Local and systemic stress responses in Norway spruce: Similarities in gene 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Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":8329,"name":"Responses of plant to abiotic stresses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Responses_of_plant_to_abiotic_stresses?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":11228,"name":"Mycology and Plant pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycology_and_Plant_pathology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":20284,"name":"Plant Stress Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Stress_Physiology?f_ri=880714"},{"id":20286,"name":"Drought Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drought_Stress?f_ri=880714"},{"id":20290,"name":"Abiotic Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abiotic_Stress?f_ri=880714"},{"id":25657,"name":"Plant Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Molecular_Biology?f_ri=880714"},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=880714"},{"id":37833,"name":"Real-time RT-PCR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real-time_RT-PCR?f_ri=880714"},{"id":54432,"name":"Conifers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conifers?f_ri=880714"},{"id":57461,"name":"Plant Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Physiology?f_ri=880714"},{"id":98707,"name":"Stress response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_response?f_ri=880714"},{"id":103011,"name":"Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biotechnology_and_Molecular_Biology?f_ri=880714"},{"id":203841,"name":"Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abiotic_and_Biotic_Stresses_in_Plants?f_ri=880714"},{"id":208295,"name":"Oomycetes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oomycetes?f_ri=880714"},{"id":229390,"name":"Real 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interactions in pathogen and insect attack: systemic plant-mediated interactions between pathogens and herbivores of the tomato,Lycopersicon esculentum</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74533896" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4ce60981e425d733dd98d9f4fb30038c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82651827,"asset_id":74533896,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button 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class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74533896"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9032" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interaction">Interaction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9032" type="text/json">{"id":9032,"name":"Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interaction?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74533896]'), work: {"id":74533896,"title":"Signal interactions in pathogen and insect attack: systemic plant-mediated interactions between pathogens and herbivores of the tomato,Lycopersicon 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esculentum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lycopersicon_esculentum?f_ri=880714"},{"id":1752942,"name":"Induced Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Induced_Resistance?f_ri=880714"},{"id":2281154,"name":"Terpenoid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terpenoid?f_ri=880714"},{"id":2641006,"name":"Late blight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_blight?f_ri=880714"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55112490" data-work_id="55112490" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55112490/Breeding_Rust_Resistant_Five_Needle_Pines_in_the_Western_United_States_Lessons_from_the_Past_and_a_Look_to_the_Future">Breeding Rust-Resistant Five-Needle Pines in the Western United States: Lessons from the Past and a Look to the Future</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction of Cronartium ribicola into the Western United States created major disruptions in forests where five- needle pines were important components. In response, various control measures were implemented on two commercially impor-... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55112490" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction of Cronartium ribicola into the Western United States created major disruptions in forests where five- needle pines were important components. In response, various control measures were implemented on two commercially impor- tant species—western white pine (Pinus monticola) (WWP) and sugar pine (P. lambertiana) (SP). The USDA Forest Service devel- oped three programs to breed for resistance: one directed at</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55112490" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8d18df98d6541a235bcf0b1e67ef40df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71141563,"asset_id":55112490,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71141563/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDQ0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38400394" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardSniezko">Richard Sniezko</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38400394" type="text/json">{"id":38400394,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Sniezko","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardSniezko","display_name":"Richard Sniezko","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardSniezko?f_ri=880714","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55112490 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55112490"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55112490, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55112490", }); 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In response, various control measures were implemented on two commercially impor- tant species—western white pine (Pinus monticola) (WWP) and sugar pine (P. lambertiana) (SP). 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68443916/Impact_of_root_exudates_and_plant_defense_signaling_on_bacterial_communities_in_the_rhizosphere_A_review">Impact of root exudates and plant defense signaling on bacterial communities in the rhizosphere. A review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite significant advances in crop protection, plant diseases cause a 20% yield loss in food and cash crops worldwide. Therefore, interactions between plants and pathogens have been studied in great detail. In contrast, the interplay... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68443916" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite significant advances in crop protection, plant diseases cause a 20% yield loss in food and cash crops worldwide. Therefore, interactions between plants and pathogens have been studied in great detail. In contrast, the interplay between plants and non-pathogenic microorganisms has received scant attention, and differential responses of plants to pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms are as yet not well understood.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68443916" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc8a7c8bd777cd319d1ba58ed7b692fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78916134,"asset_id":68443916,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78916134/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDQ0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="80972609" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterBakker13">Peter Bakker</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="80972609" type="text/json">{"id":80972609,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Bakker","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterBakker13","display_name":"Peter Bakker","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterBakker13?f_ri=880714","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68443916 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68443916"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68443916, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68443916", }); 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type="text/json">{"id":141838,"name":"Herbivory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbivory?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="880714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Induced_Defense">Induced Defense</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="880714" type="text/json">{"id":880714,"name":"Induced Defense","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Induced_Defense?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6183448]'), work: {"id":6183448,"title":"Ant Defense Versus Induced Defense in Lafoensia pacari (Lythraceae), a Myrmecophilous Tree of the Brazilian Cerrado 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type="text/json">{"id":261215,"name":"Plant Pathogen interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Pathogen_interaction?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="479537" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_growth">Bacterial growth</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="479537" type="text/json">{"id":479537,"name":"Bacterial growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_growth?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14138096]'), work: {"id":14138096,"title":"Erwinia amylovora-induced defense mechanisms of two apple species that differ in susceptibility to fire 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href="https://www.academia.edu/23147020/Phosphite_applications_induce_molecular_modifications_in_potato_tuber_periderm_and_cortex_that_enhance_resistance_to_pathogens">Phosphite applications induce molecular modifications in potato tuber periderm and cortex that enhance resistance to pathogens</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23147020" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e13eed0fbab82edd6b1655f321a0f2d1" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":9109,"name":"Tobacco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tobacco?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9981" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Tissue_Culture">Plant Tissue Culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9981" type="text/json">{"id":9981,"name":"Plant Tissue Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Tissue_Culture?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=715324]'), work: {"id":715324,"title":"Constitutive and Induced Defenses to Herbivory In 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href="https://www.academia.edu/3509116/Signaling_in_Plant_Resistance_Responses_Divergence_and_Cross_Talk_of_Defense_Pathways">Signaling in Plant Resistance Responses: Divergence and Cross-Talk of Defense Pathways</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3509116" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f2a24383bcaa80b5a35ce300bdfa799" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50257143,"asset_id":3509116,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" 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Cut branches of three woody species that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a tethered goat than did... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7565236" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We report evidence from controlled experiments that long straight thorns deter herbivory by browsers. Cut branches of three woody species that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a tethered goat than did paired intact branches. Branches on living Acacia seyal plants that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a wild population of free-ranging giraffes than did intact branches on the same plants. These differences in herbivory resulted in long term losses of branch length in clipped as opposed to control branches. In addition, branches within reach of giraffes produced longer thorns and a greater density of thorns than did higher branches. These results imply that increased thorn length is an induced defense.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7565236" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70edb9445ac2c553e7b3a392f4dd0bf3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48420596,"asset_id":7565236,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48420596/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDQ0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13603860" href="https://uct.academia.edu/antonimilewski">antoni milewski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13603860" type="text/json">{"id":13603860,"first_name":"antoni","last_name":"milewski","domain_name":"uct","page_name":"antonimilewski","display_name":"antoni milewski","profile_url":"https://uct.academia.edu/antonimilewski?f_ri=880714","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13603860/149605559/139177072/s65_antoni.milewski.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7565236 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7565236"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7565236, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7565236", }); 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Cut branches of three woody species that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a tethered goat than did paired intact branches. Branches on living Acacia seyal plants that had their thorns removed suffered significantly greater herbivory by a wild population of free-ranging giraffes than did intact branches on the same plants. These differences in herbivory resulted in long term losses of branch length in clipped as opposed to control branches. In addition, branches within reach of giraffes produced longer thorns and a greater density of thorns than did higher branches. 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For example, differ-ential tongue-flick rates in response to chemical stimuli from saurophagous and non-saurophagous snakes have been found in several epigeal lacertid,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17718348" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">... 1Corresponding author (e-mail: <a href="mailto:Pilar.Lopez@mncn.csic.es" rel="nofollow">Pilar.Lopez@mncn.csic.es</a> ... For example, differ-ential tongue-flick rates in response to chemical stimuli from saurophagous and non-saurophagous snakes have been found in several epigeal lacertid, scincid, and geckonid liz-ards (eg, Thoen ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17718348" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="89be98d803707d4fb4dfdabef259efba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42235979,"asset_id":17718348,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42235979/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDQ0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37440170" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PilarL%C3%B3pez12">Pilar López</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37440170" type="text/json">{"id":37440170,"first_name":"Pilar","last_name":"López","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PilarLópez12","display_name":"Pilar López","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PilarL%C3%B3pez12?f_ri=880714","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17718348 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17718348"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17718348, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17718348", }); 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For example, differ-ential tongue-flick rates in response to chemical stimuli from saurophagous and non-saurophagous snakes have been found in several epigeal lacertid, scincid, and geckonid liz-ards (eg, Thoen ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42235979,"asset_id":17718348,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37440170,"first_name":"Pilar","last_name":"López","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PilarLópez12","display_name":"Pilar López","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PilarL%C3%B3pez12?f_ri=880714","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":56615,"name":"Canadian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canadian?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":880714,"name":"Induced Defense","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Induced_Defense?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75178878" data-work_id="75178878" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75178878/Variability_in_grazer_mediated_defensive_responses_of_green_and_red_macroalgae_on_the_south_coast_of_South_Africa">Variability in grazer-mediated defensive responses of green and red macroalgae on the south coast of South Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75178878" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c8d56ed8f3e7575e05ae3c447ee4a0be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83649108,"asset_id":75178878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83649108/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDQ0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31815030" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CMcQuaid">C. 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African","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_African?f_ri=880714"},{"id":880714,"name":"Induced Defense","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Induced_Defense?f_ri=880714"},{"id":1198128,"name":"Chemical Defence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Defence?f_ri=880714"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74739509" data-work_id="74739509" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74739509/The_Ecological_Genetics_of_Conditional_Strategies">The Ecological Genetics of Conditional Strategies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a 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type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3855" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism">Polymorphism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3855" type="text/json">{"id":3855,"name":"Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17564" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Genetics">Quantitative Genetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17564" 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Hazel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WadeHazel?f_ri=880714","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":3855,"name":"Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":17564,"name":"Quantitative Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Genetics?f_ri=880714","nofollow":false},{"id":21071,"name":"Phenotypic Plasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotypic_Plasticity?f_ri=880714"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=880714"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=880714"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=880714"},{"id":127176,"name":"Ecological genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_genetics?f_ri=880714"},{"id":213897,"name":"Phenotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotype?f_ri=880714"},{"id":516151,"name":"Genetic Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Polymorphism?f_ri=880714"},{"id":616030,"name":"Threshold Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Threshold_Model?f_ri=880714"},{"id":880714,"name":"Induced Defense","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Induced_Defense?f_ri=880714"},{"id":1013028,"name":"Food Chain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Chain?f_ri=880714"},{"id":1189688,"name":"Frequency-dependent selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frequency-dependent_selection?f_ri=880714"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=880714"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55692064" data-work_id="55692064" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55692064/Phenolic_acids_in_healthy_and_infected_leaves_of_Zostera_marina_and_their_growth_limiting_properties_towards_Labyrinthula_zosterae">Phenolic acids in healthy and infected leaves of Zostera marina and their growth-limiting properties towards Labyrinthula zosterae</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Using high-performance liquid chromatography, we found four phenolic acids (gallic, caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acid) to be present in leaves of Zostera marina L. from Roscoff, France. Comparison of the concentrations in healthy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55692064" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Using high-performance liquid chromatography, we found four phenolic acids (gallic, caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acid) to be present in leaves of Zostera marina L. from Roscoff, France. Comparison of the concentrations in healthy leaves and leaves infected with Labyrinthula zosterae Porter and Muehlstein (assumed to be the biological agent of wasting disease) showed a sharp increase of especially caffeic acid</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55692064" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9e2e93e7b06fe4bcf2cd6d375709008c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71444320,"asset_id":55692064,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71444320/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDQ0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="134990725" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AkinDeveli">Akin Develi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="134990725" type="text/json">{"id":134990725,"first_name":"Akin","last_name":"Develi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AkinDeveli","display_name":"Akin Develi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AkinDeveli?f_ri=880714","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55692064 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55692064"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55692064, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55692064", }); 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