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redesign</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: enzyme redesign"> <meta name="keywords" content="enzyme redesign"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="enzyme redesign"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1009</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: enzyme redesign</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1009</span> Enzyme Redesign: From Metal-Dependent to Metal-Independent, a Symphony Orchestra without Concertmasters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Na%20Zhao">Li Na Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arieh%20Warshel"> Arieh Warshel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The design of enzymes is an extremely challenging task, and this is also true for metalloenzymes. In the case of naturally evolved enzymes, one may consider the active site residues as the musicians in the enzyme orchestra, while the metal can be considered as their concertmaster. Together they catalyze reactions as if they performed a masterpiece written by nature. The Lactonase can be thought as a member of the amidohydrolase family, with two concertmasters, Fe and Zn, at its active site. It catalyzes the quorum sensing signal- N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs or N-AHLs)- by hydrolyzing the lactone ring. This process, known as quorum quenching, provides a strategy in the treatment of infectious diseases without introducing selection pressure. However, the activity of lactonase is metal-dependent, and this dependence hampers the clinic usage. In our study, we use the empirical valence bond (EVB) approach to evaluate the catalytic contributions decomposing them to electrostatic and other components. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20redesign" title="enzyme redesign">enzyme redesign</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20valence%20%20bond" title=" empirical valence bond"> empirical valence bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactonase" title=" lactonase"> lactonase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quorum%20quenching" title=" quorum quenching"> quorum quenching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84437/enzyme-redesign-from-metal-dependent-to-metal-independent-a-symphony-orchestra-without-concertmasters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1008</span> Development of a Model for the Redesign of Plant Structures </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Richter">L. Richter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20L%C3%BCbkemann"> J. Lübkemann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Nyhuis"> P. Nyhuis </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to remain competitive in what is a turbulent environment; businesses must be able to react rapidly to change. The past response to volatile market conditions was to introduce an element of flexibility to production. Nowadays, what is often required is a redesign of factory structures in order to cope with the state of constant flux. The Institute of Production Systems and Logistics is currently developing a descriptive and causal model for the redesign of plant structures as part of an ongoing research project. This article presents the first research findings attained in devising this model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=change%20driven%20factory%20redesign" title="change driven factory redesign">change driven factory redesign</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factory%20planning" title=" factory planning"> factory planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20structure" title=" plant structure"> plant structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexibility" title=" flexibility"> flexibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10716/development-of-a-model-for-the-redesign-of-plant-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1007</span> A 7 Dimensional-Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Approach Combining Quantum Mechanics Based Grid and Solvation Models to Predict Hotspots and Kinetic Properties of Mutated Enzymes: An Enzyme Engineering Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Pravin%20Kumar">R. Pravin Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Roopa"> L. Roopa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enzymes are molecular machines used in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food and animal feed, paper and leather processing, biofuel, and etc. Nevertheless, this has been possible only by the breath-taking efforts of the chemists and biologists to evolve/engineer these mysterious biomolecules to work the needful. Main agenda of this enzyme engineering project is to derive screening and selection tools to obtain focused libraries of enzyme variants with desired qualities. The methodologies for this research include the well-established directed evolution, rational redesign and relatively less established yet much faster and accurate insilico methods. This concept was initiated as a Receptor Rependent-4Dimensional Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (RD-4D-QSAR) to predict kinetic properties of enzymes and extended here to study transaminase by a 7D QSAR approach. Induced-fit scenarios were explored using Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) simulations which were then placed in a grid that stores interactions energies derived from QM parameters (QMgrid). In this study, the mutated enzymes were immersed completely inside the QMgrid and this was combined with solvation models to predict descriptors. After statistical screening of descriptors, QSAR models showed > 90% specificity and > 85% sensitivity towards the experimental activity. Mapping descriptors on the enzyme structure revealed hotspots important to enhance the enantioselectivity of the enzyme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QMgrid" title="QMgrid">QMgrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QM%2FMM%20simulations" title=" QM/MM simulations"> QM/MM simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RD-4D-QSAR" title=" RD-4D-QSAR"> RD-4D-QSAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transaminase" title=" transaminase"> transaminase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97410/a-7-dimensional-quantitative-structure-activity-relationship-approach-combining-quantum-mechanics-based-grid-and-solvation-models-to-predict-hotspots-and-kinetic-properties-of-mutated-enzymes-an-enzyme-engineering-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1006</span> The Enzyme Inhibitory Potentials of Different Extracts from Linaria genistifolia subsp. genistifolia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gokhan%20Zengin">Gokhan Zengin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdurrahman%20Aktumsek"> Abdurrahman Aktumsek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The key enzyme inhibitory theory is one of the most accepted strategies in the treatment of global health problems including Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes mellitus. For this reason, the enzyme inhibitory potentials of different solvent extracts from Linaria genistifolia subsp. genistifolia were investigated against cholinesterase, and tyrosinase. The in vitro enzyme inhibitory potentials were measured with a microplate reader. The acetone and methanol extracts exhibited the strongest enzyme inhibitory effects on cholinesterase. However, the water extract was only active on tyrosinase. The results suggested that Linaria genistifolia subsp. genistifolia could be considered as a source of natural enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of major health problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20inhibitors" title="enzyme inhibitors">enzyme inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholinesterase" title=" cholinesterase"> cholinesterase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tyrosinase" title=" tyrosinase"> tyrosinase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linaria" title=" linaria"> linaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46806/the-enzyme-inhibitory-potentials-of-different-extracts-from-linaria-genistifolia-subsp-genistifolia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46806.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1005</span> Cytotoxic Effect of Purified and Crude Hyaluronidase Enzyme on Hep G2 Cell Line</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Furqan%20M.%20Kadhum">Furqan M. Kadhum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmaa%20A.%20Hussein"> Asmaa A. Hussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maysaa%20Ch.%20Hatem"> Maysaa Ch. Hatem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hyaluronidase enzyme was purified from the clinical isolate Staphyloccus aureus in three purification steps, first by precipitation with 90% saturated ammonium sulfate, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose, and gel filtration chromatography throughout Sephacryl S-300. Specific activity of the purified enzyme was reached 930 U/mg protein with 7.4 folds of purification and 46.5% recovery. The enzyme has an average molecular weight of about 69 kDa, with an optimum pH of enzyme activity and stability at pH 7, also the optimum temperature for activity was 37oC. The enzyme was stable with full activity at a temperature ranged between 30-40 oC. Metal ions showed variable inhibitory degree with the strongest effect for Fe+3, however, the chelating and reducing agents had no or little effects. Cytotoxic studies for purified and crude hyaluronidase against cancer cell Hep G2 type at different enzyme concentrations and exposure times showed that the inhibition effect of both crude and purified enzyme increased by increasing the enzyme concentration with no change was observed at 24hr, while at 48 and 72 hrs the same inhibition rate were observed for purified enzyme and differ for the crude filtrate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyaluronidase" title="hyaluronidase">hyaluronidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20aureus" title=" S. aureus"> S. aureus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20ions" title=" metal ions"> metal ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity" title=" cytotoxicity"> cytotoxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16485/cytotoxic-effect-of-purified-and-crude-hyaluronidase-enzyme-on-hep-g2-cell-line" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1004</span> Production of Linamarase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii NRRL B-763</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogbonnaya%20Nwokoro">Ogbonnaya Nwokoro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florence%20O.%20Anya"> Florence O. Anya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nutritional factors relating to the production of linamarase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii NRRL B–763 were investigated. The microorganism was cultivated in a medium containing 1% linamarin. Enzyme was produced using a variety of carbon substrates but the highest enzyme activity was detected in the presence of salicin (522 U/ml) after 48 h while the lowest yield was observed with CM cellulose (38 U/ml) after 72 h. Enzyme was not produced in the presence of cellobiose. Among a variety of nitrogen substrates tested, peptone supported maximum enzyme production (412 U/ml) after 48 h. Lowest enzyme production was observed with urea (40 U/ml). Organic nitrogen substrates generally supported higher enzyme productivity than inorganic nitrogen substrates. Enzyme activity was observed in the presence of Mn2+ (% relative activity = 216) while Hg2+ was inhibitory (% relative activity = 28). Locally-formulated media were comparable to MRS broth in supporting linamarase production by the bacterium. Higher enzyme activity was produced in media with surfactant than in media without surfactant. The enzyme may be useful in enhanced degradation of cassava cyanide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linamarase" title="linamarase">linamarase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locally%20formulated%20media" title=" locally formulated media"> locally formulated media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20substrates" title=" carbon substrates"> carbon substrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20substrates" title=" nitrogen substrates"> nitrogen substrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20ions" title=" metal ions "> metal ions </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14419/production-of-linamarase-from-lactobacillus-delbrueckii-nrrl-b-763" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14419.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1003</span> Effect of Ethanol Concentration and Enzyme Pre-Treatment on Bioactive Compounds from Ginger Extract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Lekhavat">S. Lekhavat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Kajsongkram"> T. Kajsongkram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sang-han"> S. Sang-han</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dried ginger was extracted and investigated the effect of ethanol concentration and enzyme pre-treatment on its bioactive compounds in solvent extraction process. Sliced fresh gingers were dried by oven dryer at 70 °C for 24 hours and ground to powder using grinder which their size were controlled by passing through a 20-mesh sieve. In enzyme pre-treatment process, ginger powder was sprayed with 1 % (w/w) cellulase and then was incubated at 45 °C for 2 hours following by extraction process using ethanol at concentration of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 % (v/v), respectively. The ratio of ginger powder and ethanol are 1:9 and extracting conditions were controlled at 80 °C for 2 hours. Bioactive compounds extracted from ginger, either enzyme-treated or non enzyme-treated samples, such as total phenolic content (TPC), 6-Gingerol (6 G), 6-Shogaols (6 S) and antioxidant activity (IC50 using DPPH assay), were examined. Regardless of enzyme treatment, the results showed that 60 % ethanol provided the highest TPC (20.36 GAE mg /g. dried ginger), 6G (0.77%), 6S (0.036 %) and the lowest IC50 (625 μg/ml) compared to other ratios of ethanol. Considering the effect of enzyme on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, it was found that enzyme-treated sample has more 6G (0.17-0.77 %) and 6S (0.020-0.036 %) than non enzyme-treated samples (0.13-0.77 % 6G, 0.015-0.036 % 6S). However, the results showed that non enzyme-treated extracts provided higher TPC (6.76-20.36 GAE mg /g. dried ginger) and Lowest IC50 (625-1494 μg/ml ) than enzyme-treated extracts (TPC 5.36-17.50 GAE mg /g. dried ginger, IC50 793-2146 μg/ml). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title="antioxidant activity">antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme" title=" enzyme"> enzyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ginger" title=" ginger"> ginger</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53148/effect-of-ethanol-concentration-and-enzyme-pre-treatment-on-bioactive-compounds-from-ginger-extract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1002</span> Thematic Redesign of “Nah Al Balaghe” Riverside Park: Constructing the First Cultural Tourism Center in City of Tehran </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faraz%20Nikpour%20Arani">Faraz Nikpour Arani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahin%20Haghi%20Navand"> Shahin Haghi Navand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After Two years of operation, the “Nahj Al Balaghe” riverside park, redesigning research was ordered by second region of Tehran municipality, the goal was to construct the first cultural tourism center in city of Tehran. After Pathological and analytical studies of existing situation, that made by field work research’s and interviews, the main problems was identified as lack of thematic design and some physical problems that reduced the activity and livability ratio of the park. The main approach of this project was thematic physical redesign and redefinition of activities in order to the “Nahj Al Balaghe’s” ideas, cultural days in “shamsi calendar”, the “7 artistic dimensions” and “four classical elements”. This paper is the abstraction of a full research that was done by writers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thematic%20redesign" title="thematic redesign">thematic redesign</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nah%20Al%20Balaghe%20riverside%20park" title=" Nah Al Balaghe riverside park"> Nah Al Balaghe riverside park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20tourism%20center" title=" cultural tourism center"> cultural tourism center</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tehran" title=" Tehran "> Tehran </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28166/thematic-redesign-of-nah-al-balaghe-riverside-park-constructing-the-first-cultural-tourism-center-in-city-of-tehran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">635</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1001</span> The Modeling of Viscous Microenvironment for the Coupled Enzyme System of Bioluminescence Bacteria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20E.%20Sukovataya">Irina E. Sukovataya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oleg%20S.%20Sutormin"> Oleg S. Sutormin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20A.%20Kratasyuk"> Valentina A. Kratasyuk </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effect of viscosity of media on kinetic parameters of the coupled enzyme system NADH:FMN-oxidoreductase–luciferase was investigated with addition of organic solvents (glycerol and sucrose), because bioluminescent enzyme systems based on bacterial luciferases offer a unique and general tool for analysis of the many analytes and enzymes in the environment, research, and clinical laboratories and other fields. The possibility of stabilization and increase of activity of the coupled enzyme system NADH:FMN-oxidoreductase–luciferase activity in vicious aqueous-organic mixtures have been shown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupled%20enzyme%20system%20of%20bioluminescence%20bacteria%20NAD%28P%29H%3AFMN-oxidoreductase%E2%80%93luciferase" title="coupled enzyme system of bioluminescence bacteria NAD(P)H:FMN-oxidoreductase–luciferase">coupled enzyme system of bioluminescence bacteria NAD(P)H:FMN-oxidoreductase–luciferase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycerol" title=" glycerol"> glycerol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization%20of%20enzymes" title=" stabilization of enzymes"> stabilization of enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sucrose" title=" sucrose"> sucrose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2372/the-modeling-of-viscous-microenvironment-for-the-coupled-enzyme-system-of-bioluminescence-bacteria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1000</span> Quality of Low Fat Traditional Pork Sausage Containing Transglutaminase</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiraporn%20Burakorn">Jiraporn Burakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pran%20Pinthong"> Pran Pinthong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supida%20Hutabaedya"> Supida Hutabaedya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Commercial traditional pork sausages (Moo Yaw) were produced by added more than 30% of pork fat for appetite customer. The pork sausages texture were softness, firmness, juiciness and smooth. If the pork sausages contained less fat, their textures were hardness, dryness and incoherence. This research investigated production of low fat traditional pork sausage containing transglutaminase for improved its sensory properties and nutritive values. The enzyme pork sausage composed of transglutaminase, soybean cake, rice bran oil and other ingredients. Consumer acceptance test was done by comparing the enzyme pork sausage with the 3 commercial pork sausage with 95 consumer. The enzyme pork sausage was accepted 92.6% and was preferred in all attributes over the 3 commercial pork sausages such as appearance, color, flavor, taste, firmness and overall liking. The enzyme pork sausage was high protein but low total calories, calories from fat, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and carbohydrate. The enzyme pork sausage was lower calorie (90 kcal) than the commercial reference pork sausage (150 kcal) 64%. The morphological texture of the enzyme pork sausage was smooth and consistency when analyzed by SEM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20fat" title="low fat">low fat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moo%20Yaw" title=" Moo Yaw"> Moo Yaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pork%20sausage" title=" pork sausage"> pork sausage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transglutaminase" title=" transglutaminase"> transglutaminase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58317/quality-of-low-fat-traditional-pork-sausage-containing-transglutaminase" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">999</span> Enzyme Immobilization on Functionalized Polystyrene Nanofibersfor Bioprocessing Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mailin%20Misson">Mailin Misson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Jin"> Bo Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheng%20Dai"> Sheng Dai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hu%20Zhang"> Hu Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Advances in biotechnology have witnessed a growing interest in enzyme applications for the development of green and sustainable bio processes. While known as powerful bio catalysts, enzymes are no longer of economic value when extended to large commercialization. Alternatively, immobilization technology allows enzyme recovery and continuous reuse which subsequently compensates high operating costs. Employment of enzymes on nano structured materials has been recognized as a promising approach to enhance enzyme catalytic performances. High porosity, inter connectivity and self-assembling behaviors endow nano fibers as exciting candidate for enzyme carrier in bio reactor systems. In this study, nano fibers were successfully fabricated via electro spinning system by optimizing the polymer concentration (10-30 %, w/v), applied voltage (10-30 kV) and discharge distance (11-26 cm). Microscopic images have confirmed the quality as homogeneous and good fiber alignment. The nano fibers surface was modified using strong oxidizing agent to facilitate bio molecule binding. Bovine serum albumin and β-galactosidase enzyme were employed as model bio catalysts and immobilized onto the oxidized surfaces through covalent binding. Maximum enzyme adsorption capacity of the modified nano fibers was 3000 mg/g, 3-fold higher than the unmodified counterpart (1000 mg/g). The highest immobilization yield was 80% and reached the saturation point at 2 mg/ml of enzyme concentration. The results indicate a significant increase of activity retention by the enzyme-bound modified nano fibers (80%) as compared to the nascent one (60%), signifying excellent enzyme-nano carrier bio compatibility. The immobilized enzyme was further used for the bio conversion of dairy wastes into value-added products. This study demonstrates great potential of acid-modified electrospun polystyrene nano fibers as enzyme carriers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title="immobilization">immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme" title=" enzyme"> enzyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocarrier" title=" nanocarrier"> nanocarrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofibers" title=" nanofibers"> nanofibers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15802/enzyme-immobilization-on-functionalized-polystyrene-nanofibersfor-bioprocessing-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">998</span> Safety System Design and Overfill Protection for Loading Asphalt onto Trucks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wendy%20Ampadu">Wendy Ampadu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ray%20Diezmos"> Ray Diezmos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Malik"> Hassan Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeremy%20Hyslob"> Jeremy Hyslob </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are several technologies out there for use as high-level switches as part of a system for shutting down flow to a vessel. Given that the asphalt truck loading poses issues such as poor visibility, coating, condensation, and fumes, a solution that is robust enough to last in these conditions is often needed in industries. Furthermore, the design of the loading arm, rack, and process equipment should allow for the safety of workers. The objective of this report includes the redesign of structures for use at loading facilities and selecting an overflow technology protection from hot bitumen. The report is based on loading facilities at a Canadian bitumen production company. The engineering design approach was used to create multiple redesign concepts for the loading dock system. Research on overfill systems was also completed by surveying the existing market for technologies and securing quotes from over 20 Canadian and United States instrumentation companies. A final loading dock redesign and level transmitter for overfill protection solution were chosen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bitumen" title="bitumen">bitumen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20engineering" title=" reliability engineering"> reliability engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20system" title=" safety system"> safety system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20safety%20management" title=" process safety management"> process safety management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt" title=" asphalt"> asphalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loading%20docks" title=" loading docks"> loading docks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tanker%20trucks" title=" tanker trucks"> tanker trucks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128923/safety-system-design-and-overfill-protection-for-loading-asphalt-onto-trucks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">997</span> Comparative Electrochemical Studies of Enzyme-Based and Enzyme-less Graphene Oxide-Based Nanocomposite as Glucose Biosensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chetna%20Tyagi.%20G.%20B.%20V.%20S.%20Lakshmi">Chetna Tyagi. G. B. V. S. Lakshmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ambuj%20Tripathi"> Ambuj Tripathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20K.%20Avasthi"> D. K. Avasthi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Graphene oxide provides a good host matrix for preparing nanocomposites due to the different functional groups attached to its edges and planes. Being biocompatible, it is used in therapeutic applications. As enzyme-based biosensor requires complicated enzyme purification procedure, high fabrication cost and special storage conditions, we need enzyme-less biosensors for use even in a harsh environment like high temperature, varying pH, etc. In this work, we have prepared both enzyme-based and enzyme-less graphene oxide-based biosensors for glucose detection using glucose-oxidase as enzyme and gold nanoparticles, respectively. These samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to confirm the successful synthesis of the working electrodes. Electrochemical measurements were performed for both the working electrodes using a 3-electrode electrochemical cell. Cyclic voltammetry curves showed the homogeneous transfer of electron on the electrodes in the scan range between -0.2V to 0.6V. The sensing measurements were performed using differential pulse voltammetry for the glucose concentration varying from 0.01 mM to 20 mM, and sensing was improved towards glucose in the presence of gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles in graphene oxide nanocomposite played an important role in sensing glucose in the absence of enzyme, glucose oxidase, as evident from these measurements. The selectivity was tested by measuring the current response of the working electrode towards glucose in the presence of the other common interfering agents like cholesterol, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and urea. The enzyme-less working electrode also showed storage stability for up to 15 weeks, making it a suitable glucose biosensor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical" title="electrochemical">electrochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme-less" title=" enzyme-less"> enzyme-less</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose" title=" glucose"> glucose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20nanoparticles" title=" gold nanoparticles"> gold nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20oxide" title=" graphene oxide"> graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite"> nanocomposite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123186/comparative-electrochemical-studies-of-enzyme-based-and-enzyme-less-graphene-oxide-based-nanocomposite-as-glucose-biosensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">996</span> In-House Enzyme Blends from Polyporus ciliatus CBS 366.74 for Enzymatic Saccharification of Pretreated Corn Stover</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20A.%20Bentil">Joseph A. Bentil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anders%20Thygesen"> Anders Thygesen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lene%20Langea"> Lene Langea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moses%20Mensah"> Moses Mensah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Meyer"> Anne Meyer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated the saccharification potential of in-house enzymes produced from a white-rot basidiomycete strain, Polyporus ciliatus CBS 366.74. The in-house enzymes were produced by growing the fungus on mono and composite substrates of cocoa pod husk (CPH) and green seaweed (GS) (Ulva lactuca sp.) with and without the addition of 25mM ammonium nitrate at 4%w/v substrate concentration in submerged condition for 144 hours. The crude enzyme extracts preparations (CEE 1-5 and CEE 1-5+AN) obtained from the fungal cultivation process were sterile-filtered and used as enzyme sources for enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermally pretreated corn stover using a commercial cocktail enzyme, Cellic Ctec3, as benchmark. The hydrolysis was conducted at 50ᵒC with 50mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5 based on enzyme dosages of 5 and 10 CMCase Units/g biomass at 1%w/v dry weight substrate concentration at time points of 6, 24, and 72 hours. The enzyme activity profile of the in-house enzymes varied among the growth substrates with the composite substrates (50-75% GS and AN inclusion), yielding better enzyme activities, especially endoglucanases (0.4-0.5U/mL), β-glucosidases (0.1-0.2 U/mL), and xylanases (3-10 U/mL). However, nitrogen supplementation had no significant effect on enzyme activities of crude extracts from 100% GS substituted substrates. From the enzymatic hydrolysis, it was observed that the in-house enzymes were capable of hydrolysing the pretreated corn stover at varying degrees; however, the saccharification yield was less than 10%. Consequently, theoretical glucose yield was ten times lower than Cellic Ctec3 at both dosage levels. There was no linear correlation between glucose yield and enzyme dosage for the in-house enzymes, unlike the benchmark enzyme. It is therefore recommended that the in-house enzymes are used to complement the dosage of commercial enzymes to reduce the cost of biomass saccharification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20production" title="enzyme production">enzyme production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrolysis%20yield" title=" hydrolysis yield"> hydrolysis yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedstock" title=" feedstock"> feedstock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20blend" title=" enzyme blend"> enzyme blend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Polyporus%20ciliatus" title=" Polyporus ciliatus"> Polyporus ciliatus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138804/in-house-enzyme-blends-from-polyporus-ciliatus-cbs-36674-for-enzymatic-saccharification-of-pretreated-corn-stover" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138804.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">995</span> The Construction of a Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacterium Expressing Acid-Resistant Phytase Enzyme</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Majidzadeh%20Heravi">R. Majidzadeh Heravi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sankian"> M. Sankian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Kermanshahi"> H. Kermanshahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Nassiri"> M. R. Nassiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Heravi%20Moussavi"> A. Heravi Moussavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Lari"> S. A. Lari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Varasteh"> A. R. Varasteh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of probiotics engineered to express specific enzymes has been the subject of considerable attention in poultry industry because of increased nutrient availability and reduced cost of enzyme supplementation. Phytase enzyme is commonly added to poultry feed to improve digestibility and availability of phosphorus from plant sources. To construct a probiotic with potential of phytate degradation, phytase gene (<em>appA</em>) from <em>E. coli</em> was cloned and transformed into two probiotic bacteria <em>Lactobacillus salivarius</em> and <em>Lactococcus lactis</em>. <em>L. salivarous</em> showed plasmid instability, unable to express the gene. The expression of <em>appA</em> gene in <em>L. lactis</em> was analyzed by detecting specific RNA and zymography assay. Phytase enzyme was isolated from cellular extracts of recombinant <em>L. lactis, </em>showing a 46 kDa band upon the SDS-PAGE analysis. Zymogram also confirmed the phytase activity of the 46 kDa band corresponding to the enzyme. An enzyme activity of 4.9U/ml was obtained in cell extracts of <em>L. lactis</em>. The growth of native and recombinant <em>L. lactis</em> was similar in the presence of two concentrations of ox bile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lactobacillus%20salivarus" title="Lactobacillus salivarus">Lactobacillus salivarus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lactococcuslactis" title=" Lactococcuslactis"> Lactococcuslactis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombinant" title=" recombinant"> recombinant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytase" title=" phytase"> phytase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poultry" title=" poultry"> poultry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30949/the-construction-of-a-probiotic-lactic-acid-bacterium-expressing-acid-resistant-phytase-enzyme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">994</span> Medium Design and Optimization for High Β-Galactosidase Producing Microbial Strains from Dairy Waste through Fermentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Shukla">Ashish Shukla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20P.%20Mishra"> K. P. Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pushplata%20Tripathi"> Pushplata Tripathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the production and optimization of β-galactosidase enzyme using synthetic medium by isolated wild strains (S1, S2) mutated strains (M1, M2) through SSF and SmF. Among the different cell disintegration methods used, the highest specific activity was obtained when the cells were permeabilized using isoamyl alcohol. Wet lab experiments were performed to investigate the effects of carbon and nitrogen substrates present in Vogel’s medium on β-galactosidase enzyme activity using S1, S2, and M1, M2 strains through SSF. SmF experiments were performed for effects of carbon and nitrogen sources in YLK2Mg medium on β-galactosidase enzyme activity using S1, S2 and M1, M2 strains. Effect of pH on β-galactosidase enzyme production was also done using S1, S2, and M1, M2 strains. Results were found to be very appreciable in all the cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-galactosidase" title="β-galactosidase">β-galactosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20disintegration" title=" cell disintegration"> cell disintegration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeabilized" title=" permeabilized"> permeabilized</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSF" title=" SSF"> SSF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SmF" title=" SmF"> SmF</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4358/medium-design-and-optimization-for-high-b-galactosidase-producing-microbial-strains-from-dairy-waste-through-fermentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">993</span> Degradation of Poly -β- Hydroxybutyrate by Trichoderma asperellum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuha%20Mansour%20Alhazmi">Nuha Mansour Alhazmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Replacement of petro-based plastics by a biodegradable plastic are vastly growing process. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable biopolymer, synthesized by some bacterial genera. The objective of the current study is to explore the ability of some fungi to biodegrade PHB. The degradation of (PHB) was detected in Petri dish by the formation of a clear zone around the fungal colonies due to the production of depolymerase enzyme which has an interesting role in the PHB degradation process. Among 10 tested fungi, the most active PHB biodegraded fungi were identified as Trichoderma asperellum using morphological and molecular characters. The highest PHB degradation was at 25°C, pH 7.5 after 7 days of incubation for the tested fungi. Finally, the depolymerase enzyme was isolated, purified using column chromatography and characterized. In conclusion, PHB can be biodegraded in solid and liquid medium using depolymerase enzyme from T. asperellum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title="degradation">degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depolymerase%20enzyme" title=" depolymerase enzyme"> depolymerase enzyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PHB" title=" PHB"> PHB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trichoderma%20asperellum" title=" Trichoderma asperellum"> Trichoderma asperellum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107715/degradation-of-poly-v-hydroxybutyrate-by-trichoderma-asperellum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">992</span> Effect of Ultrasound on the Hydrolysis of Soy Oil Catalyzed by 1,3-Specific Lipase Abstract </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Abd%20Awadallak">Jamal Abd Awadallak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thiago%20Olinek%20Reinehr"> Thiago Olinek Reinehr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduardo%20Raizer"> Eduardo Raizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deise%20Molinari"> Deise Molinari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edson%20Antonio"> Edson Antonio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camila%20da%20Silva%20da%20Silva"> Camila da Silva da Silva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The hydrolysis of soy oil catalyzed by 1,3-specific enzyme (Lecitase Ultra) in a well-stirred bioreactor was studied. Two forms of applications of the ultrasound were evaluated aiming to increase reaction rates, wherein the use of probe ultrasound associated with the use of surfactant to pre-emulsify the substrate showed the best results. Two different reaction periods were found: the first where the ultrasound has great influence on reaction rates, and the second where ultrasound influence is minimal. Studies on the time of pre-emulsification, surfactant concentration and enzyme concentration showed that the initial rate of hydrolysis depends on the interfacial area between the oil phase and the aqueous phase containing the enzyme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20enzyme" title="specific enzyme">specific enzyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20fatty%20acids" title=" free fatty acids"> free fatty acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hydrolysis" title=" Hydrolysis"> Hydrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lecitase%20ultra" title=" lecitase ultra"> lecitase ultra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20337/effect-of-ultrasound-on-the-hydrolysis-of-soy-oil-catalyzed-by-13-specific-lipase-abstract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">578</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">991</span> High Catalytic Activity and Stability of Ginger Peroxidase Immobilized on Amino Functionalized Silica Coated Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposite: A Promising Tool for Bioremediation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Misha%20Ali">Misha Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qayyum%20Husain"> Qayyum Husain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nida%20Alam"> Nida Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masood%20%20Ahmad"> Masood Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Improving the activity and stability of the enzyme is an important aspect in bioremediation processes. Immobilization of enzyme is an efficient approach to amend the properties of biocatalyst required during wastewater treatment. The present study was done to immobilize partially purified ginger peroxidase on amino functionalized silica coated titanium dioxide nanocomposite. Interestingly there was an enhancement in enzyme activity after immobilization on nanosupport which was evident from effectiveness factor (η) value of 1.76. Immobilized enzyme was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Immobilized peroxidase exhibited higher activity in a broad range of pH and temperature as compared to free enzyme. Also, the thermostability of peroxidase was strikingly improved upon immobilization. After six repeated uses, the immobilized peroxidase retained around 62% of its dye decolorization activity. There was a 4 fold increase in Vmax of immobilized peroxidase as compared to free enzyme. Circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrated conformational changes in the secondary structure of enzyme, a possible reason for the enhanced enzyme activity after immobilization. Immobilized peroxidase was highly efficient in the removal of acid yellow 42 dye in a stirred batch process. Our study shows that this bio-remediating system has remarkable potential for treatment of aromatic pollutants present in wastewater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20yellow%2042" title="acid yellow 42">acid yellow 42</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decolorization" title=" decolorization"> decolorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ginger%20peroxidase" title=" ginger peroxidase"> ginger peroxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57680/high-catalytic-activity-and-stability-of-ginger-peroxidase-immobilized-on-amino-functionalized-silica-coated-titanium-dioxide-nanocomposite-a-promising-tool-for-bioremediation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">990</span> Efficiency for Enzyme Production of Fungi Isolated from the Stomach of Buffalo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suphalucksana">Suphalucksana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wichai"> Wichai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangsoponjit%20Settasit"> Sangsoponjit Settasit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soytong%20%20Kasem"> Soytong Kasem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study on the efficiency for enzyme production of fungi isolated from stomach of buffalo was conducted. The fungi were collected from 4 parts of stomach as rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasums. The objective to study the efficiency of fungi from stomach of buffalo had effected to produced enzyme and to selected fungi for their ability to produced enzyme cellulase, hemicellulase and ligninase. Results shown that the fungi isolated from rumen were: Eupenicillium sp. (B-RU-01-1), Eupenicillium sp. (B-RU-02-3G), Rhyzopus stolonifer (B-RU-01-4) and Trichoderma sp. (B-RU-01-2). From the reticulum, Aspergillus glaucus (B-RET-02-3), Aspergillus orchraceus (B-RET-02-2) and Penicillium sp. (B-RET-02-4) were found. In the omasum Aspergillus fumigatus (B-OMA-01-1G), Eurotium sp. (B-OMA-01-4) and Rhizopus stolonifer (B-OMA-02-3) were isolated and in the abomasums Aspergillus flavas (B-ABO-02-3), Aspergillus fumigatus (B-ABO-02-1), Aspergillus niger (B-ABO-01-3G), Aspergillius terreus (B-ABO-02-4) and Mucor sp. (B-ABO-02-4G). Results of enzyme analysis revealed that cellulase was produced by isolated: Eupenicillium sp. (B-RU-02-3G), Eupenicillium sp. (B-RU-01-1), Penicillium sp. (B-RET-02-4), Aspergillius glaucus (B-RET-02-3), Aspergillus ochraceus (B-RET-02-2), Aspergillius fumigatus (B-OMA-01-1G), Eurotium sp. (B-OMA-01-4), Aspergillius flavus (B-ABO-02-3), Aspergillius fumigatus (B-ABO-02-1), Aspergillius niger (B-ABO-01-3G), Aspergillius terreus (B-ABO-02-4). Hemicellulase was produced Eupenicillium sp. (B-RU-02-3G), Eupenicillium sp. (B-RU-01-1), Rhizopus stolonifer (B-RU-01-4), Trichoderma sp. (B-RU-01-2), Aspergillius glaucus (B-RET-02-3), Aspergillus ochraceus (B-RET-02-2), Penicillium sp. (B-RET-02-4), Aspergillius fumigatus (B-OMA-01-1G), Eurotium sp. (B-OMA -01-4), Aspergillius flavus (B-ABO-02-3), Aspergillius fumigatus (B-ABO-02-1) Aspergillius niger (B-ABO-01-3G), Aspergillius terreus (B-ABO-02-4), Mucor sp. (B-ABO-02-4G). For the enzyme ligninase, two isolates were found to produced this enzyme namely : Trichoderma sp. (B-RU-01-2) and Mucor sp. (B-ABO-02-4G). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20production%20from%20fungi" title="enzyme production from fungi">enzyme production from fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20%20production" title=" enzyme production"> enzyme production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungi" title=" fungi"> fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20technology" title=" agricultural technology"> agricultural technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15539/efficiency-for-enzyme-production-of-fungi-isolated-from-the-stomach-of-buffalo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">989</span> Improved Production, Purification and Characterization of Invertase from Penicillium lilacinum by Shaken Flask Technique of Submerged Fermentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kashif%20Ahmed">Kashif Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent years researchers have been motivated towards extensive exploring of living organism, which could be utilized effectively in intense industrial conditions. The present study shows enhanced production, purification and characterization of industrial enzyme, invertase (Beta-D-fructofuranosidase) from Penicillium lilacinum. Various agricultural based by-products (cotton stalk, sunflower waste, rice husk, molasses and date syrup) were used as energy source. The highest amount of enzyme (13.05 Units/mL) was produced when the strain was cultured on growth medium containing date syrup as energy source. Yeast extract was used as nitrogen source after 96 h of incubation at incubation temperature of 40º C. Initial pH of medium was 8.0, inoculum size 6x10⁶ conidia and 200 rev/min agitation rate. The enzyme was also purified (7 folds than crude) and characterized. Molecular mass of purified enzyme (65 kDa) was determined by 10 % SDS-PAGE. Lineweaver-Burk Plot was used to determine Kinetic constants (Vmax 178.6 U/mL/min and Km 2.76 mM). Temperature and pH optima were 55º C and 5.5 respectively. MnCl₂ (52.9 %), MgSO₄ (48.9 %), BaCl₂ (24.6 %), MgCl₂ (9.6 %), CoCl₂ (5.7 %) and NaCl (4.2 %) enhanced the relative activity of enzyme and HgCl₂ (-92.8 %), CuSO₄ (-80.2 %) and CuCl₂ (-76.6 %) were proved inhibitors. The strain was showing enzyme activity even at extreme conditions of temperature (up to 60º C) and pH (up to 9), so it can be used in industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invertase" title="invertase">invertase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Penicillium%20lilacinum" title=" Penicillium lilacinum"> Penicillium lilacinum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submerged%20fermentation" title=" submerged fermentation"> submerged fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20enzyme" title=" industrial enzyme"> industrial enzyme</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92719/improved-production-purification-and-characterization-of-invertase-from-penicillium-lilacinum-by-shaken-flask-technique-of-submerged-fermentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">988</span> Implication of Fractal Kinetics and Diffusion Limited Reaction on Biomass Hydrolysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibashish%20Baksi">Sibashish Baksi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ujjaini%20Sarkar"> Ujjaini Sarkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudeshna%20Saha"> Sudeshna Saha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, hydrolysis of Pinus roxburghi wood powder was carried out with Viscozyme, and kinetics of the hydrolysis has been investigated. Finely ground sawdust is submerged into 2% aqueous peroxide solution (pH=11.5) and pretreated through autoclaving, probe sonication, and alkaline peroxide pretreatment. Afterward, the pretreated material is subjected to hydrolysis. A chain of experiments was executed with delignified biomass (50 g/l) and varying enzyme concentrations (24.2–60.5 g/l). In the present study, 14.32 g/l of glucose, along with 7.35 g/l of xylose, have been recovered with a viscozyme concentration of 48.8 g/l and the same condition was treated as optimum condition. Additionally, thermal deactivation of viscozyme has been investigated and found to be gradually decreasing with escalated enzyme loading from 48.4 g/l (dissociation constant= 0.05 h⁻¹) to 60.5 g/l (dissociation constant= 0.02 h⁻¹). The hydrolysis reaction is a pseudo first-order reaction, and therefore, the rate of the hydrolysis can be expressed as a fractal-like kinetic equation that communicates between the product concentration and hydrolytic time t. It is seen that the value of rate constant (K) increases from 0.008 to 0.017 with augmented enzyme concentration from 24.2 g/l to 60.5 g/l. Greater value of K is associated with stronger enzyme binding capacity of the substrate mass. However, escalated concentration of supplied enzyme ensures improved interaction with more substrate molecules resulting in an enhanced de-polymerization of the polymeric sugar chains per unit time which eventually modifies the physiochemical structure of biomass. All fractal dimensions are in between 0 and 1. Lower the value of fractal dimension, more easily the biomass get hydrolyzed. It can be seen that with increased enzyme concentration from 24.2 g/l to 48.4 g/l, the values of fractal dimension go down from 0.1 to 0.044. This indicates that the presence of more enzyme molecules can more easily hydrolyze the substrate. However, an increased value has been observed with a further increment of enzyme concentration to 60.5g/l because of diffusional limitation. It is evident that the hydrolysis reaction system is a heterogeneous organization, and the product formation rate depends strongly on the enzyme diffusion resistances caused by the rate-limiting structures of the substrate-enzyme complex. Value of the rate constant increases from 1.061 to 2.610 with escalated enzyme concentration from 24.2 to 48.4 g/l. As the rate constant is proportional to Fick’s diffusion coefficient, it can be assumed that with a higher concentration of enzyme, a larger amount of enzyme mass dM diffuses into the substrate through the surface dF per unit time dt. Therefore, a higher rate constant value is associated with a faster diffusion of enzyme into the substrate. Regression analysis of time curves with various enzyme concentrations shows that diffusion resistant constant increases from 0.3 to 0.51 for the first two enzyme concentrations and again decreases with enzyme concentration of 60.5 g/l. During diffusion in a differential scale, the enzyme also experiences a greater resistance during diffusion of larger dM through dF in dt. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscozyme" title="viscozyme">viscozyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose" title=" glucose"> glucose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal%20kinetics" title=" fractal kinetics"> fractal kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20deactivation" title=" thermal deactivation"> thermal deactivation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116453/implication-of-fractal-kinetics-and-diffusion-limited-reaction-on-biomass-hydrolysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">987</span> Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pyrazol-3-yl Thiazole 4-Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Targeting Enzyme in the Leukotriene Pathway</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shweta%20Sinha">Shweta Sinha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukesh%20Doble"> Mukesh Doble</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manju%20S.%20L."> Manju S. L.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pyrazole scaffold is an important group of compound in heterocyclic chemistry and is found to possess numerous uses in chemistry. Pyrazole derivatives are also known to possess important biological activities including antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer and anti-inflammatory. Inflammation is associated with pain, allergy and asthma. Leukotrienes are mediators of various inflammatory and allergic disorders. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is an important enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) and thus targeted for anti-inflammation. In vitro inhibitory activity of pyrazol-3-yl thiazole 4-carboxylic acid derivatives is tested against enzyme 5-LOX. Most of these compounds exhibit good inhibitory activity against this enzyme. Binding mode study of these compounds is determined by computational tool. Further experiments are being done to understand the mechanism of action of these compounds in inhibiting this enzyme. To conclude, these compounds appear to be a promising target in drug design against 5-LOX. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title="inflammation">inflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition" title=" inhibition"> inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5-lipoxygenase" title=" 5-lipoxygenase"> 5-lipoxygenase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrazole" title=" pyrazole"> pyrazole</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71661/synthesis-and-anti-inflammatory-activity-of-pyrazol-3-yl-thiazole-4-carboxylic-acid-derivatives-targeting-enzyme-in-the-leukotriene-pathway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">986</span> Isolation and Screening of Fungal Strains for β-Galactosidase Production </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parmjit%20S.%20Panesar">Parmjit S. Panesar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rupinder%20Kaur"> Rupinder Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ram%20S.%20Singh"> Ram S. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enzymes are the biocatalysts which catalyze the biochemical processes and thus have a wide variety of applications in the industrial sector. <em>β</em>-Galactosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.23) also known as lactase, is one of the prime enzymes, which has significant potential in the dairy and food processing industries. It has the capability to catalyze both the hydrolytic reaction for the production of lactose hydrolyzed milk and transgalactosylation reaction for the synthesis of prebiotics such as lactulose and galactooligosaccharides. These prebiotics have various nutritional and technological benefits. Although, the enzyme is naturally present in almonds, peaches, apricots and other variety of fruits and animals, the extraction of enzyme from these sources increases the cost of enzyme. Therefore, focus has been shifted towards the production of low cost enzyme from the microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and fungi. As compared to yeast and bacteria, fungal <em>β</em>-galactosidase is generally preferred as being extracellular and thermostable in nature. Keeping the above in view, the present study was carried out for the isolation of the <em>β</em>-galactosidase producing fungal strain from the food as well as the agricultural wastes. A total of more than 100 fungal cultures were examined for their potential in enzyme production. All the fungal strains were screened using X-gal and IPTG as inducers in the modified Czapek Dox Agar medium. Among the various isolated fungal strains, the strain exhibiting the highest enzyme activity was chosen for further phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The strain was identified as <em>Rhizomucor pusillus </em>on the basis of 5.8s RNA gene sequencing data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beta-galactosidase" title="beta-galactosidase">beta-galactosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme" title=" enzyme"> enzyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal" title=" fungal"> fungal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolation" title=" isolation"> isolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50588/isolation-and-screening-of-fungal-strains-for-v-galactosidase-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50588.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">985</span> Magnetite Nanoparticles Immobilized Pectinase: Preparation, Characterization and Application for the Fruit Juices Clarification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Mosafa">Leila Mosafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Moghadam"> Majid Moghadam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Shahedi"> Mohammad Shahedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, pectinase was immobilized on the surface of silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles via covalent attachment. The magnetite-immobilized enzyme was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry techniques. Response surface methodology using Minitab Software was applied for statistical designing of operating conditions in order to immobilize pectinase on magnetic nanoparticles. The optimal conditions were obtained at 30°C and pH 5.5 with 42.97 µl pectinase for 2 h. The immobilization yield was 50.6% at optimized conditions. Compared to the free pectinase, the immobilized pectinase was found to exhibit enhanced enzyme activity, better tolerance to the variation of pH and temperature, and improved storage stability. Both free and immobilized samples reduced the viscosity of apple juice from 1.12 to 0.88 and 0.92 mm2s-1, respectively, after 30 min at their optimum temperature. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme could be reused six consecutive cycles and the efficiency loss in viscosity reduction was found to be only 8.16%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetite%20nanoparticles" title="magnetite nanoparticles">magnetite nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pectinase%20enzyme" title=" pectinase enzyme"> pectinase enzyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=juice%20clarification" title=" juice clarification"> juice clarification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20activity" title=" enzyme activity "> enzyme activity </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6143/magnetite-nanoparticles-immobilized-pectinase-preparation-characterization-and-application-for-the-fruit-juices-clarification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">984</span> Purification, Biochemical Characterization and Application of an Extracellular Alkaline Keratinase Produced by Aspergillus sp. DHE7 </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dina%20Helmy%20%20El-Ghonemy">Dina Helmy El-Ghonemy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanaa%20Hamed%20Ali"> Thanaa Hamed Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to purify and characterize a keratinolytic enzyme produced by Aspergillus sp. DHE7 cultured in basal medium containing chicken feather as substrate. The enzyme was purified through ammonium sulfate saturation of 60%, followed by gel filtration chromatography in Sephadex G-100, with a 16.4-purification fold and recovery yield of 52.2%. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the purified enzyme is a monomeric enzyme with an apparent molecular mass of 30 kDa — the purified keratinase of Aspergillus sp. DHE7 exhibited activity in a broad range of pH (7- 9) and temperature (40℃-60℃) profiles with an optimal activity at pH eight and 50℃. The keratinolytic activity was inhibited by protease inhibitors such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and ethylenediaminetetraacetate, while no reduction of activity was detected by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Bivalent cations, Ca²⁺ and Mn²⁺, were able to greatly enhance the activity of keratinase by 125.7% and 194.8%, respectively, when used at one mM final concentration. On the other hand, Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺ inhibited the enzyme activity, which might be indicative of essential vicinal sulfhydryl groups of the enzyme for productive catalysis. Furthermore, the purified keratinase showed significant stability and compatibility against the tested commercial detergents at 37ºC. Therefore, these results suggested that the purified keratinase from Aspergillus sp. DHE7 may have potential use in the detergent industry and should be of interest in the processing of poultry feather waste. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspergillus%20sp.%20DHE7" title="Aspergillus sp. DHE7">Aspergillus sp. DHE7</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20characterization" title=" biochemical characterization"> biochemical characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keratinase" title=" keratinase"> keratinase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purification" title=" purification"> purification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116947/purification-biochemical-characterization-and-application-of-an-extracellular-alkaline-keratinase-produced-by-aspergillus-sp-dhe7" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">983</span> Immobilization Strategy of Recombinant Xylanase from Trichoderma reesei by Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Md.%20Shaarani">S. Md. Shaarani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Md.%20Jahim"> J. Md. Jahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20A.%20Rahman"> R. A. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Md.%20Illias"> R. Md. Illias</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern developments in biotechnology have paved the way for extensive use of biocatalysis in industries. Although it offers immense potential, industrial application is usually hampered by lack of operational stability, difficulty in recovery as well as limited re-use of the enzyme. These drawbacks, however, can be overcome by immobilization. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs), a versatile carrier-free immobilization technique is one that is currently capturing global interest. This approach involves precipitating soluble enzyme with an appropriate precipitant and subsequent crosslinking by a crosslinking reagent. Without ineffective carriers, CLEAs offer high enzymatic activity, stability and reduced production cost. This study demonstrated successful CLEA synthesis of recombinant xylanase from Trichoderma reesei using ethanol as aggregating agent and glutaraldehyde (2% (v/v); 100 mM) as crosslinker. Effects of additives including proteic feeder such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) and poly-L-Lysine were investigated to reveal its significance in enhancing the performance of enzyme. Addition of 0.1 mg BSA/U xylanase showed considerable increment in CLEA development with approximately 50% retained activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-linked" title="cross-linked">cross-linked</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombinant" title=" recombinant"> recombinant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xylanase" title=" xylanase"> xylanase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9446/immobilization-strategy-of-recombinant-xylanase-from-trichoderma-reesei-by-cross-linked-enzyme-aggregates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">982</span> Vehicles Analysis, Assessment and Redesign Related to Ergonomics and Human Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susana%20Aragoneses%20Garrido">Susana Aragoneses Garrido</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Every day, the roads are scenery of numerous accidents involving vehicles, producing thousands of deaths and serious injuries all over the world. Investigations have revealed that Human Factors (HF) are one of the main causes of road accidents in modern societies. Distracted driving (including external or internal aspects of the vehicle), which is considered as a human factor, is a serious and emergent risk to road safety. Consequently, a further analysis regarding this issue is essential due to its transcendence on today’s society. The objectives of this investigation are the detection and assessment of the HF in order to provide solutions (including a better vehicle design), which might mitigate road accidents. The methodology of the project is divided in different phases. First, a statistical analysis of public databases is provided between Spain and The UK. Second, data is classified in order to analyse the major causes involved in road accidents. Third, a simulation between different paths and vehicles is presented. The causes related to the HF are assessed by Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Fourth, different car models are evaluated using the Rapid Upper Body Assessment (RULA). Additionally, the JACK SIEMENS PLM tool is used with the intention of evaluating the Human Factor causes and providing the redesign of the vehicles. Finally, improvements in the car design are proposed with the intention of reducing the implication of HF in traffic accidents. The results from the statistical analysis, the simulations and the evaluations confirm that accidents are an important issue in today’s society, especially the accidents caused by HF resembling distractions. The results explore the reduction of external and internal HF through the global analysis risk of vehicle accidents. Moreover, the evaluation of the different car models using RULA method and the JACK SIEMENS PLM prove the importance of having a good regulation of the driver’s seat in order to avoid harmful postures and therefore distractions. For this reason, a car redesign is proposed for the driver to acquire the optimum position and consequently reducing the human factors in road accidents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis%20vehicles" title="analysis vehicles">analysis vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asssesment" title=" asssesment"> asssesment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomics" title=" ergonomics"> ergonomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=car%20redesign" title=" car redesign"> car redesign</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31702/vehicles-analysis-assessment-and-redesign-related-to-ergonomics-and-human-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">981</span> Eresa, Hospital General Universitario de Elche</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Kumar%20Singh">Ashish Kumar Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehak%20Gulati"> Mehak Gulati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neelam%20Verma"> Neelam Verma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arginine majorly acts as a substrate for the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for the production of nitric oxide, a strong vasodilator. Current study demonstrated a novel amperometric approach for estimation of arginine using nitric oxide synthase. The enzyme was co-immobilized in carbon paste electrode with NADP+, FAD and BH4 as cofactors. The detection principle of the biosensor is enzyme NOS catalyzes the conversion of arginine into nitric oxide. The developed biosensor could able to detect up to 10-9M of arginine. The oxidation peak of NO was observed at 0.65V. The developed arginine biosensor was used to monitor arginine content in fruit juices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arginine" title="arginine">arginine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensor" title=" biosensor"> biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20paste%20elctrode" title=" carbon paste elctrode"> carbon paste elctrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitric%20oxide" title=" nitric oxide"> nitric oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28880/eresa-hospital-general-universitario-de-elche" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">980</span> The Effect of a Muscarinic Antagonist on the Lipase Activity </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohreh%20Bayat">Zohreh Bayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dariush%20Minai-Tehrani"> Dariush Minai-Tehrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lipases constitute one of the most important groups of industrial enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol to glycerol and fatty acids. Muscarinic antagonist relieves smooth muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract and effect on the cardiovascular system. In this research, the effect of a muscarinic antagonist on the lipase activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied. Lineweaver–Burk plot showed that the drug inhibited the enzyme by competitive inhibition. The IC50 value (60 uM) and Ki (30 uM) of the drug revealed the drug bound to the enzyme with high affinity. Determination of enzyme activity in various pH and temperature showed that the maximum activity of lipase was at pH 8 and 60°C both in presence and absence of the drug. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title="bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition" title=" inhibition"> inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipase" title=" lipase "> lipase </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20243/the-effect-of-a-muscarinic-antagonist-on-the-lipase-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20redesign&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20redesign&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20redesign&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20redesign&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20redesign&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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