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href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. 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ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Nzinga+Mbande" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Nzinga+Mbande" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Nzinga+Mbande" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Biografia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lehen_urteak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lehen_urteak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Lehen urteak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lehen_urteak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nzinga Mbande</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 38 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%9A%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8B_%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A3%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B4" title="ንዚንጋ ምባንዴ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ንዚንጋ ምባንዴ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="آنا دي سوزا – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آنا دي سوزا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="انا دى سوزا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انا دى سوزا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzinga_kan_Ngogo_asin_Matamba" title="Nzinga kan Ngogo asin Matamba – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Nzinga kan Ngogo asin Matamba" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Нзінга Мбанды – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нзінга Мбанды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzinga_Mbande" title="Nzinga Mbande – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nzinga Mbande" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_de_Sousa" title="Ana de Sousa – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ana de Sousa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzinga_von_Ndongo_und_Matamba" title="Nzinga von Ndongo und Matamba – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nzinga von Ndongo und Matamba" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzinga_of_Ndongo_and_Matamba" title="Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzinga_Mbande" title="Nzinga Mbande – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nzinga Mbande" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_de_Sousa" title="Ana de Sousa – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ana de Sousa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzinga_(kuningatar)" title="Nzinga (kuningatar) – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nzinga (kuningatar)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njinga_du_Ndongo_et_du_Matamba" title="Njinga du Ndongo et du Matamba – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Njinga du Ndongo et du Matamba" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzinga_de_Ndongo_e_Matamba" title="Nzinga de Ndongo e Matamba – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nzinga de Ndongo e Matamba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="נג'ינגה מבנדה – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נג'ינגה מבנדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratu_Nzinga" title="Ratu Nzinga – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ratu Nzinga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzinga_Mbandi" title="Nzinga Mbandi – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nzinga Mbandi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzinga_di_Ndongo_e_Matamba" title="Nzinga di Ndongo e Matamba – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nzinga di Ndongo e Matamba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87_(%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E5%A5%B3%E7%8E%8B)" title="ンジンガ・ムバンデ (コンゴ女王) – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ンジンガ・ムバンデ (コンゴ女王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ზინგა მბანდი ნგოლა – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზინგა მბანდი ნგოლა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%80%EC%A7%95%EA%B0%80_%EC%9D%8C%EB%B0%98%EB%8D%B0" title="은징가 음반데 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="은징가 음반데" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BF" title="ന്സിംഗ രാജ്ഞി – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ന്സിംഗ രാജ്ഞി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzinga_Mbande" title="Nzinga Mbande – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nzinga Mbande" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njinga_av_Ndongo_og_Matamba" title="Njinga av Ndongo og Matamba – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Njinga av Ndongo og Matamba" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%AC%DF%9B%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%A1%DF%9B%DF%8F%DF%AB_%DF%92%DF%96%DF%AD%DF%8C%DF%B2%DF%9C%DF%AD%DF%8A%DF%AC" title="ߡߊ߲߬ߛߊ߬ߡߛߏ߫ ߒߖ߭ߌ߲ߜ߭ߊ߬ – n’koera" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߡߊ߲߬ߛߊ߬ߡߛߏ߫ ߒߖ߭ߌ߲ߜ߭ߊ߬" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’koera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰਾਣੀ ਨਜ਼ਿੰਗਾ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਣੀ ਨਜ਼ਿੰਗਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngola_Ana_Nzinga_Mbande" title="Ngola Ana Nzinga Mbande – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ngola Ana Nzinga Mbande" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%81_%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="ملکہ نزنگا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ملکہ نزنگا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwene_Nzinga_Mbandi" title="Mwene Nzinga Mbandi – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mwene Nzinga Mbandi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzinga_de_Ndongo_%C8%99i_Matamba" title="Nzinga de Ndongo și Matamba – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nzinga de Ndongo și Matamba" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Зинга Мбанди Нгола – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зинга Мбанди Нгола" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzinga_av_Ndongo_och_Matamba" title="Nzinga av Ndongo och Matamba – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nzinga av Ndongo och Matamba" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njinga" title="Njinga – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Njinga" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="நடோங்கோ மற்றும் மாதம்பாவின் நசிங்கா – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நடோங்கோ மற்றும் மாதம்பாவின் நசிங்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzinga_ng_Ndongo_at_Matamba" title="Nzinga ng Ndongo at Matamba – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nzinga ng Ndongo at Matamba" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D2%91%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Нзінґа Мбанді – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нзінґа Мбанді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Zingha" title="Anne Zingha – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Anne Zingha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="恩津加 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="恩津加" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q467650#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nzinga_Mbande" title="Eduki 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="hd" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: lightsteelblue">Nzinga Mbande</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ann_Zingha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ann_Zingha.jpg/260px-Ann_Zingha.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ann_Zingha.jpg/390px-Ann_Zingha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ann_Zingha.jpg/520px-Ann_Zingha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><br /><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nzinga" title="c:Category:Nzinga"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/10px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nzinga" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Nzinga">Irudi gehiago</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><table class="infotaula" align="right" cellspacing="5" style="margin-width: 0; width:100%; text-align:left; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; background-color: lightsteelblue;"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19643" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q19643">erregina</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <br />1624 - 1663</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Bizitza</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Jaiotza</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caculo_Caba%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caculo Cabaça (sortu gabe)">Caculo Cabaça</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ndongoko_Erresuma" title="Ndongoko Erresuma">Ndongoko erresuma</a>, 1581</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Herrialdea</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ndongoko_erresuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndongoko erresuma">Ndongoko erresuma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Bizilekua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Matambako_Erresuma" title="Matambako Erresuma">Matambako Erresuma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Heriotza</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Matambako_Erresuma" title="Matambako Erresuma">Matambako Erresuma</a>, <a href="/wiki/1663" title="1663">1663ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Abenduaren_17" title="Abenduaren 17">abenduaren 17a</a> (81/82 urte)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Familia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Aita</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngola_Kilombo_kia_Kasenda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngola Kilombo kia Kasenda (sortu gabe)">Ngola Kilombo kia Kasenda</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Haurrideak</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;">ikusi</div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mukambu_Mbande" title="Mukambu Mbande">Mukambu Mbande</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mbandi_a_Ngola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mbandi a Ngola (sortu gabe)">Mbandi a Ngola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Jarduerak</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Sinesmenak eta ideologia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Erlijioa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kristautasun" title="Kristautasun">kristautasuna</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ngola Nzinga Mbande</b> ( <a href="/wiki/Circa" title="Circa">c.</a> <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a> – <a href="/wiki/1663" title="1663">1663ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Abenduaren_17" title="Abenduaren 17">abenduaren 17a</a>), <b>Ana de Sousa</b>, <b>Rainha Nzinga</b> edo <b>Ngola Ana Nzinga Mbande</b> bezala ere ezaguna <a href="/wiki/Ndongoko_erresuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndongoko erresuma">Ndongo</a> (1624-1663) eta <a href="/wiki/Matambako_erresuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Matambako erresuma">Matamba</a> (1631-1663) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambundu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambundu (sortu gabe)">ambundu</a> erreinuetako <a href="/wiki/Erregina" title="Erregina">erregina</a> zen, egungo <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angolaren</a> iparraldean kokaturik zeudenak.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ndongo-ko errege-familian jaio zen, hezkuntza militar eta politikoa jaso zituelarik txikitatik; gainera, <a href="/wiki/Portugaldar_Inperioa" title="Portugaldar Inperioa">Inperio Portugaldarrarekin</a> <a href="/wiki/Enbaxadore" title="Enbaxadore">enbaxadore</a> moduan jardun zuen, krisi politikoak desegiten. Bere aita eta anaiak hil ostean erregina bilakatu zen, <a href="/wiki/Esklabotza" title="Esklabotza">Esklabo Afrikarren Salerosketaren</a> emendioa garaian, agintean egon zelarik 37 urtetan. Aldi berean, Inperio Portugaldarrak Hego Mendebaldeko Afrika inbaditu zuen esklabotza bidez beren boterea gainjartzeko. Nzingak portugaldarren aurka borrokatu zuen bere erreinuen askatasuna eta ospea defendatzeko. Bere heriotzaren ostean, Nzinga figura historikoa bilakatu zen Angolan bere <a href="/wiki/Inteligentzia_(argipen)" class="mw-disambig" title="Inteligentzia (argipen)">inteligentzia</a>, jakinduria politiko zein diplomatikoagatik eta bere taktika militar zuhurrengatik. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izena">Izena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nzinga_Mbande&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nzinga_Mbande&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Izena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nzinga Mbande <a href="/wiki/Izen" title="Izen">izen</a> askopean ezagutzen da, <a href="/wiki/Kimbundu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimbundu">kimbundu</a> zein <a href="/wiki/Portugaldar" title="Portugaldar">portugaldar</a> <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza" title="Hizkuntza">hizkuntzetan</a>, idazkera ezberdinetan eta honorifiko askorekin. <a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">Ingelesez</a> ohikoa da <i>Nzinga, Nzingha, Njinga</i> eta <i>Njingha</i> bezala aurkitzea.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Portugaldarrez Rainha (Erregina) <i>Nzinga, Zinga, Ginga</i> bezala ezagutzen zen. Dokumentu ofizialetan eta bere manuskritoetan <i>Jinga, Ginga, Zinga, Zingua, Zhinga</i> eta <i>Singa</i> izenak ikusi daitezkeelarik.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horrez gain, <a href="/wiki/Kristau" title="Kristau">kristau</a> bezala <a href="/wiki/Bataiotegi" title="Bataiotegi">bataiatu</a> zutenean <i>Ana de Souza</i> jarri zioten,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> izena ama besotako portugaldarraren ohorez<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eta <a href="/wiki/Abizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Abizen">abizena</a>, garaiko Angolako erreinuko <a href="/wiki/Gobernadore" title="Gobernadore">gobernadorearen</a> izenean, João Correia de Souza.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ndongo eta Matambako monarka bezala, bere sorterri-izena <i><b>Ngola Njinga</b></i> zen; <i>ngola</i> errege-familiakoen Ndongo izena zen eta egungo Angolako errepublikaren izenaren sustrai etimologikoa da. </p><p>Egungo Kimbundu ortografiaren arabera bere izena Njinga Mbandi idazten zen; izeneko (-j), <a href="/wiki/Frantses" title="Frantses">frantseseko</a> eta portugeseko sabaiaurreko kontsonante igurzkaria ⟨ʒ⟩ edo <i>"j leuna"</i> bezala ahozkatzen da, ondoko (-n) isila den bitartean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nzinga_Mbande&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Biografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nzinga_Mbande&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lehen_urteak">Lehen urteak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nzinga_Mbande&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lehen urteak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nzinga_Mbande&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Lehen urteak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nzinga Ndongo-ko errege-familian jaio zen, herrialdearen mendebaldean 1583 urte inguruan. Kilombo Ngola edo erregearen eta Kengela ka Nkombe<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> erregearen emazte eta maitale esklaboaren<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alaba zen. Nzinga-k bi ahizpa, <a href="/wiki/Mukambu_Mbande" title="Mukambu Mbande">Mukambu edo Barbara dama</a> eta Kifunji edo Grace dama, eta anai bat, Mbandi Kiluanji, zituen. Anaia aitaren heriotzaren ostean errege bilakatu zen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nzinga_Mbande&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nzinga_Mbande&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFElliottHughes2019-08-19">Elliott, Mary; Hughes, Jazmine.  (2019-08-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/19/magazine/history-slavery-smithsonian.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/19/magazine/history-slavery-smithsonian.html">«A Brief History of Slavery That You Didn't Learn in School»</a> <i>The New York Times</i> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-09-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/651055754"><i>Africa to America : from the Middle Passage through the 1930s. </i></a> (1st ed. argitaraldia) Britannica Educational Pub 2011 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-61530-175-1" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-61530-175-1">978-1-61530-175-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=651055754">651055754</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-09-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFPublishing2010-04-01">Publishing, Britannica Educational.  (2010-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=9b6cAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA65&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Africa to America: From the Middle Passage Through the 1930s. </i></a> Britannica Educational Publishing <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-61530-175-1" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-61530-175-1">978-1-61530-175-1</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-09-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/606743227"><i>Encyclopedia of African American history.. </i></a> ABC-CLIO 2010 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-85109-774-6" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-85109-774-6">978-1-85109-774-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=606743227">606743227</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-09-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/950611553"><i>Encyclopedia of African colonial conflicts. </i></a> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-59884-837-3" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-59884-837-3">978-1-59884-837-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=950611553">950611553</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-09-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://longreads.com/2019/10/03/queens-of-infamy-njinga/">«Queens of Infamy: Njinga»</a> <i>Longreads</i> 2019-10-03 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-09-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMiller1975-04">Miller, Joseph C..  (1975-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0021853700001122/type/journal_article">«Nzinga of Matamba in a new perspective»</a> <i>The Journal of African History</i> 16 (2): 201–216.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021853700001122">10.1017/S0021853700001122</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0021-8537">0021-8537</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-09-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000023560423">0000000023560423</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16218159d">16218159d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16218159d">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120516284">120516284</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83132174">n83132174</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20181011173">jo20181011173</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/078187605">078187605</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Njinga">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467650" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q467650">Q467650</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nzinga">Nzinga</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q467650%22">Q467650</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Angola&#124;link=Angola_Angolako_historia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9235565">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ikusi"><a href="/wiki/Txantiloi:Angolako_historia" title="Txantiloi:Angolako historia"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau ikusi" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">i</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-eztabaida"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi_eztabaida:Angolako_historia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi eztabaida:Angolako historia (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau eztabaidatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-aldatu"><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Angolako_historia&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Angola&#124;link=Angola_Angolako_historia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola"><img alt="Angola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/22px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/33px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/44px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angolako_historia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angolako historia (sortu gabe)">Angolako historia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angolako_historia_aurre-koloniala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angolako historia aurre-koloniala (sortu gabe)">Angolako historia aurre-koloniala</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kongoko_Erresuma" title="Kongoko Erresuma">Kongoko Erresuma</a> (1395–1914) • <a href="/wiki/Kakongo" title="Kakongo"> Kakongoko Erresuma</a> (XV. mendea–1885) • <a href="/wiki/Ngoyo" title="Ngoyo"> Ngoyoko Erresuma</a> (XV. mendea–1885) • <a href="/wiki/Loangoko_Erresuma" title="Loangoko Erresuma">Loangoko Erresuma</a> (1550–1883)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kolonizazio" title="Kolonizazio">Kolonizazio</a> garaia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunda_Erresuma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lunda Erresuma (sortu gabe)">Lunda Erresuma</a> (1590–1887) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benguelako_Erresuma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benguelako Erresuma (sortu gabe)">Benguelako Erresuma</a> (1615–1795) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cassangeko_Erresuma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cassangeko Erresuma (sortu gabe)">Cassangeko Erresuma</a> (1620–1910) • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nzinga Mbande</a> (1621–1663) • <a href="/wiki/Matambako_Erresuma" title="Matambako Erresuma">Matambako Erresuma</a> (1631–1744) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Okupazio_herbeheretarreko_erresuma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okupazio herbeheretarreko erresuma (sortu gabe)">Okupazio herbeheretarreko erresuma</a> (1641–1648) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angolako_errekonkista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angolako errekonkista (sortu gabe)">Angolako errekonkista</a> (1644–1648)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angolako_historia_koloniala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angolako historia koloniala (sortu gabe)">Angolako historia koloniala</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Angola_Portugesa" title="Angola Portugesa">Angola Portugesa</a> (1648–1951) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bailundoko_erresuma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bailundoko erresuma (sortu gabe)">Bailundoko erresuma</a> (1700–1903) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angolako_probintzia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angolako probintzia (sortu gabe)">Angolako probintzia</a> (1951–1974) • <a href="/wiki/Angolako_Independentzia_Gerra" title="Angolako Independentzia Gerra">Angolako Independentzia Gerra</a> (1961–1974)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angolako_independentzia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angolako independentzia (sortu gabe)">Angolako independentzia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alvorreko_Ituna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alvorreko Ituna (sortu gabe)">Alvorreko Ituna</a> (1975) • <a href="/wiki/Angolako_Gerra_Zibila" title="Angolako Gerra Zibila">Angolako Gerra Zibila</a> (1975–2002) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlota_operazioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlota operazioa (sortu gabe)">Carlota operazioa</a> (1975–1991) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frakzionismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frakzionismo (sortu gabe)">Frakzionismoa</a> (1977) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuito_Cuanavalgo_gudua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuito Cuanavalgo gudua (sortu gabe)">Cuito Cuanavalgo gudua</a> (1987–1988) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicesseko_Akordioak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bicesseko Akordioak (sortu gabe)">Bicesseko Akordioak</a> (1990) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=55_eguneko_Guda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="55 eguneko Guda (sortu gabe)">55 eguneko Guda</a> (1992–1993) • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angolagate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angolagate (sortu gabe)">Angolagate</a></i> (1994) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusakako_Protokoloa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lusakako Protokoloa (sortu gabe)">Lusakako Protokoloa</a> (1994) • <a href="/wiki/Kongoko_Lehen_Gerra" title="Kongoko Lehen Gerra">Kongoko Lehen Gerra</a> (1996–1997) • <a href="/wiki/Kongoko_Bigarren_Gerra" title="Kongoko Bigarren Gerra">Kongoko Bigarren Gerra</a> (1998–2003) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerraondoko_Angola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerraondoko Angola (sortu gabe)">Gerraondoko Angola</a> (2003–egun)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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