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decoding="async" width="222" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Jacob_at_Bethel.jpg/333px-Jacob_at_Bethel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Jacob_at_Bethel.jpg/444px-Jacob_at_Bethel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jacob%27s_Ladder" title="Jacob's Ladder">The biblical patriarch Jacob</a> saw the ladder led to heaven, but Freud might have called it a phallic symbol.<sup id="cite_ref-Schept-2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schept-2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p><b>Wish fulfillment</b> is the satisfaction of a desire through an involuntary thought process. It can occur in dreams or in daydreams, in the symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Neurosis" title="Neurosis">neurosis</a>, or in the hallucinations of <a href="/wiki/Psychosis" title="Psychosis">psychosis</a>. This satisfaction is often indirect and requires <a href="/wiki/Dream_interpretation" title="Dream interpretation">interpretation</a> to recognize. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> coined the term (Wunscherfüllung) in 1900 in an early text titled <a href="/wiki/The_Interpretation_of_Dreams" title="The Interpretation of Dreams">The Interpretation of Dreams</a>. It corresponds to a core principle of Freud’s <a href="/wiki/Dream_interpretation#Freud" title="Dream interpretation">Dream Theory</a>. According to Freud, wish fulfillment occurs when <a href="/wiki/Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">unconscious</a> desires are repressed by the <a href="/wiki/Id,_ego_and_super-ego" class="mw-redirect" title="Id, ego and super-ego">ego</a> and <a href="/wiki/Superego" class="mw-redirect" title="Superego">superego</a>. This repression often stems from guilt and <a href="/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboos</a> imposed by <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a>. Dreams are attempts by the unconscious to resolve some repressed conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-Schept-2007_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schept-2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin:_Freud's_theory"><span id="Origin:_Freud.27s_theory"></span>Origin: Freud's theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wish_fulfillment&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin: Freud's theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has Freud's original book about wish fulfillment: <div style="margin-left:1.5em;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Interpretation_of_Dreams" class="extiw" title="wikisource:The Interpretation of Dreams">The Interpretation of Dreams</a></div></div></div> </div> <p>Sigmund Freud's fundamental work <i><a href="/wiki/The_Interpretation_of_Dreams" title="The Interpretation of Dreams">The Interpretation of Dreams</a></i> marks an important date in the history of <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</a>. For the first time, a scientific approach to dreams was attempted. On the one hand, it was a moment of systematisation of the analytical theory that would become <a href="/wiki/Metapsychology" title="Metapsychology">metapsychology</a>, and on the other hand, it was a book that made psychoanalysis known, but not without raising a lot of criticism. </p><p>In <i>The Interpretation of Dreams</i>, challenging the dominant scientific theories of his time for which the dream is not a mental act, but a somatic process revealed only by certain psychic signs,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he argues that dreams are "psychic acts" and that they are "nothing more than a special form of our thinking, which is made possible by the conditions of the sleeping state".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since his analysis of neurotics had taught him that the most complicated thought activities can take place without the intervention of <a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">consciousness</a>, he asserted that dreams are proof of the existence of unconscious psychic acts, demonstrated that they have a meaning and can be interpreted by a "scientific method", that of psychoanalysis. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sigmund_Freud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sigmund_Freud.jpg/194px-Sigmund_Freud.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sigmund_Freud.jpg/291px-Sigmund_Freud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Sigmund_Freud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>Wish fulfillment (Wunscherfüllung) was coined by <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Interpretation_of_Dreams" title="The Interpretation of Dreams">The Interpretations of Dreams</a></i> </figcaption></figure><p> The first of the dreams, a dream of Freud's reported and analysed in <i>The Interpretation of Dreams</i>, the dream known as "<a href="/wiki/Irma%27s_injection" title="Irma's injection">Irma's injection</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a dream that can be said to be inaugural and founding. With this dream, dated 1895, he begins the presentation of his method of interpretation and argues that, through his analysis, for the first time the "enigma" of dreams has been revealed. He concludes at the end of his analysis: </p><blockquote><p>"When the work of interpretation has been completed the dream may be recognised as the fulfillment of a wish."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>In other words, dreams are the fulfillment of unconscious wishes that are suppressed by the conscious mind, either because they are deemed unacceptable or because they conflict with societal norms. Therefore, they constitute a source of information about the dreamer's deepest desires and fears, as well as the unconscious conflicts that may be holding them back in their waking lives. However, the meaning of a dream must be interpreted, since the desires are not represented as they are, because at the same time, the reactionary formation opposing this fulfillment of the desire is brought into play.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manifest content of the dream must be freed from the deformation it has undergone. The dream thus presents itself as a valuable means of knowing the <a href="/wiki/Neurosis" title="Neurosis">neurosis</a>. </p><p>In the last pages of this work, he wrote: "The interpretation of dreams is the <i>via regia</i> (Royal Road) to a knowledge of the unconscious element in our psychic life."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A "royal road" that he had begun to follow a few years earlier and which led him to the elaboration of a theory of dreams in which the dream takes on the value of paradigm. According to him, dreams always contain in germ the entire psychology of neuroses, the structure of dreams is "susceptible of universal application",<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the "complete psychic act" that is the dream makes it possible to shed light on the mechanisms of other psychic formations as well as to account for a normal or pathological process.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Method_and_studies">Method and studies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wish_fulfillment&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Method and studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freud's_method_of_analysis"><span id="Freud.27s_method_of_analysis"></span>Freud's method of analysis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wish_fulfillment&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Freud's method of analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The conclusion that every dream reveals itself as the fulfillment of a desire derives from Freud's extensive work when he was exploring the <a href="/wiki/Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">unconscious</a>. The method used involves interpreting the content of a large number of dreams in order to uncover the underlying latent meaning and to identify the unconscious desires and conflicts that are causing psychological distress.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dream analysis usually involves the patient recalling their dreams and describing them to the therapist, who then helps them to identify the symbolic elements and associations in the dream.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Particularly, Freud used a method called <a href="/wiki/Free_association_(psychology)" title="Free association (psychology)">free association</a>, which involved the patient saying whatever came to mind in response to specific elements of the dream. The therapist would then use this information to uncover the unconscious thoughts and associations that contributed to the symbolism of the dream.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was thus through extensive repetitions of psychoanalysis that Freud was able to develop then verify his hypothesis <sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the latent content of dreams was often related to unconscious desires or conflicts, and that dreams represented a compromise between these desires and the constraints of waking life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_studies">Related studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wish_fulfillment&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Related studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Succeeding Freud's fundamental work inaugurating the <a href="/wiki/Oneirology" title="Oneirology">science of dreams</a>, numerous studies have been carried out with the goal of acquiring greater understanding of the function of dreams. </p><p>Some studies have shown that dreaming is triggered by engagement of the Mesocortical-Mesolimbic Dopamine system in the Ventromesial quadrant of the frontal lobes,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which, according to findings in affective neuroscience, plays a key role in activating motivated behaviour, curiosity and expectations of the external world, that is, the “SEEKING” <sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or “wanting” <sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> system. </p><p>Other studies have taken a more focused perspective on children's dreams. While supporting Freud’s wish-fulfilling dream theory, they also investigated the distinction between children’s and adults’ dreams, and concluded that the major difference lies in the nature of the underlying wish.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Debates_and_criticisms">Debates and criticisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wish_fulfillment&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Debates and criticisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Freud's ideas about dream interpretation have been dropped as counterfactual or untestable by evidence-based psychologists in disciplines such as <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_psychology" title="Cognitive psychology">cognitive psychology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major objections to Freud's dream theories relate to the fact that he relied heavily on his clinical experiences for his research.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics have argued that his theories were derived from observations of patients with serious mental problems.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, this theory has also been doubted when considering the existence of dreams associated with negative feelings such as nightmares.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, some authors have also argued that dreams in themselves have no psychological meaning or motivational basis,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that dreaming is merely a "random by-product of the REM sleep state".<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite advances in dream science, key questions about the meaning and functions of dreams remain open in dream research and theory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wish_fulfillment&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Schept-2007-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schept-2007_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schept-2007_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchept2007" class="citation journal cs1">Schept, Susan (30 May 2007). "Jacob's Dream of a Ladder: Freudian and Jungian Perspectives". <i>Psychological Perspectives</i>. <b>50</b> (1): 113–121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00332920701319533">10.1080/00332920701319533</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170508153">170508153</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychological+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Jacob%27s+Dream+of+a+Ladder%3A+Freudian+and+Jungian+Perspectives&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=113-121&rft.date=2007-05-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00332920701319533&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170508153%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Schept&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWish+fulfillment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreud" class="citation book cs1">Freud, Sigmund. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Interpretation_of_Dreams"><i>The Interpretation of Dreams</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Interpretation+of+Dreams&rft.aulast=Freud&rft.aufirst=Sigmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FThe_Interpretation_of_Dreams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWish+fulfillment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobson1988" class="citation book cs1">Hobson, J. Allan (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/17747071"><i>The dreaming brain</i></a>. New York: Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-01703-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-01703-7"><bdi>0-465-01703-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/17747071">17747071</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+dreaming+brain&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17747071&rft.isbn=0-465-01703-7&rft.aulast=Hobson&rft.aufirst=J.+Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F17747071&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWish+fulfillment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreud2019" class="citation book cs1">Freud, Sigmund (8 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7zCRDwAAQBAJ&dq=freud+wish+fulfillment&pg=PT3"><i>Dream Psychology</i></a>. Books on Demand. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-322-09272-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-322-09272-7"><bdi>978-2-322-09272-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dream+Psychology&rft.pub=Books+on+Demand&rft.date=2019-04-08&rft.isbn=978-2-322-09272-7&rft.aulast=Freud&rft.aufirst=Sigmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7zCRDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dfreud%2Bwish%2Bfulfillment%26pg%3DPT3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWish+fulfillment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Dream Analysis". <i>Good Therapy</i>. 2 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Good+Therapy&rft.atitle=Dream+Analysis&rft.date=2016-02-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWish+fulfillment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freud.org.uk/education/resources/the-interpretation-of-dreams/freuds-method-for-interpreting-dreams/">"Freud's Method for Interpreting Dreams"</a>. <i>Freud Museum London</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freud+Museum+London&rft.atitle=Freud%27s+Method+for+Interpreting+Dreams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freud.org.uk%2Feducation%2Fresources%2Fthe-interpretation-of-dreams%2Ffreuds-method-for-interpreting-dreams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWish+fulfillment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolms2000" class="citation journal cs1">Solms, Mark (December 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/abs/dreaming-and-rem-sleep-are-controlled-by-different-brain-mechanisms/13B4080BA527AA8BE1C5B8DDFAD2B196">"Dreaming and REM sleep are controlled by different brain mechanisms"</a>. <i>Behavioral and Brain Sciences</i>. <b>23</b> (6): 843–850. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0140525X00003988">10.1017/S0140525X00003988</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1469-1825">1469-1825</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11515144">11515144</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7264870">7264870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+and+Brain+Sciences&rft.atitle=Dreaming+and+REM+sleep+are+controlled+by+different+brain+mechanisms&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=843-850&rft.date=2000-12&rft.issn=1469-1825&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A7264870%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11515144&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0140525X00003988&rft.aulast=Solms&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fbehavioral-and-brain-sciences%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fdreaming-and-rem-sleep-are-controlled-by-different-brain-mechanisms%2F13B4080BA527AA8BE1C5B8DDFAD2B196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWish+fulfillment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanksepp2004" class="citation book cs1">Panksepp, Jaak (30 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qqcRGagyEuAC&q=seeking&pg=PR13"><i>Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-802567-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-802567-2"><bdi>978-0-19-802567-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Affective+Neuroscience%3A+The+Foundations+of+Human+and+Animal+Emotions&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004-09-30&rft.isbn=978-0-19-802567-2&rft.aulast=Panksepp&rft.aufirst=Jaak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqqcRGagyEuAC%26q%3Dseeking%26pg%3DPR13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWish+fulfillment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColace2013" class="citation journal cs1">Colace, Claudio (1 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15294145.2013.10799828">"Are the Wish-Fulfillment Dreams of Children the Royal Road for Looking at the Functions of Dreams?"</a>. <i>Neuropsychoanalysis</i>. <b>15</b> (2): 161–175. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15294145.2013.10799828">10.1080/15294145.2013.10799828</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1529-4145">1529-4145</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145567446">145567446</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuropsychoanalysis&rft.atitle=Are+the+Wish-Fulfillment+Dreams+of+Children+the+Royal+Road+for+Looking+at+the+Functions+of+Dreams%3F&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=161-175&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145567446%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1529-4145&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15294145.2013.10799828&rft.aulast=Colace&rft.aufirst=Claudio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F15294145.2013.10799828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWish+fulfillment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://think.kera.org/2016/02/08/the-science-of-psychiatry/">"The History of Psychiatry"</a>. <i>Think</i>. 8 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Think&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Psychiatry&rft.date=2016-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthink.kera.org%2F2016%2F02%2F08%2Fthe-science-of-psychiatry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWish+fulfillment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTantry2020" class="citation web cs1">Tantry, Tanya (14 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flo.health/menstrual-cycle/lifestyle/sleep/freuds-dream-theory#:~:text=Dreams%20are%20wish%20fulfillments.,wish%20fulfillment%2C%20according%20to%20Freud.">"Freud's Dream Theory: Why You Dream What You Dream"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Freud%27s+Dream+Theory%3A+Why+You+Dream+What+You+Dream&rft.date=2020-04-14&rft.aulast=Tantry&rft.aufirst=Tanya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflo.health%2Fmenstrual-cycle%2Flifestyle%2Fsleep%2Ffreuds-dream-theory%23%3A~%3Atext%3DDreams%2520are%2520wish%2520fulfillments.%2Cwish%2520fulfillment%252C%2520according%2520to%2520Freud.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWish+fulfillment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCherry2022" class="citation journal cs1">Cherry, Kendra (29 March 2022). "The Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud". <i>VeryWell Mind</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VeryWell+Mind&rft.atitle=The+Interpretation+of+Dreams+by+Sigmund+Freud&rft.date=2022-03-29&rft.aulast=Cherry&rft.aufirst=Kendra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWish+fulfillment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wish_fulfillment&oldid=1235066812">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wish_fulfillment&oldid=1235066812</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Belief" title="Category:Belief">Belief</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dream" title="Category:Dream">Dream</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Existentialist_concepts" title="Category:Existentialist concepts">Existentialist concepts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Existential_therapy" title="Category:Existential therapy">Existential therapy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Magical_thinking" title="Category:Magical thinking">Magical thinking</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Motivation" title="Category:Motivation">Motivation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Freudian_psychology" title="Category:Freudian psychology">Freudian psychology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_March_2021" title="Category:Use American English from March 2021">Use American English from March 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2021">Use dmy dates from March 2021</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 July 2024, at 14:42<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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