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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">French ironclad <i>Normandie</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French Gloire-class ironclad</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other ships with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Normandie_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Normandie (disambiguation)">Normandie</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Normandie_(1862).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Normandie_%281862%29.jpg/300px-Normandie_%281862%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Normandie_%281862%29.jpg/450px-Normandie_%281862%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Normandie_%281862%29.jpg/600px-Normandie_%281862%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="469" /></a></span><div><i>Normandie</i> in the foreground</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/42px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/63px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/84px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em">France</span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>Normandie</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Namesake</td><td><a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Ordered</td><td>About September 1858</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_de_Cherbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenal de Cherbourg">Arsenal de Cherbourg</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Laid down</td><td>14 September 1858</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>10 March 1860</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Commissioned</td><td>13 May 1862</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Decommissioned</td><td>17 June 1871</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Stricken</td><td>1 August 1871</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Class and type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Gloire-class_ironclad" title="Gloire-class ironclad"><i>Gloire</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Ironclad" class="mw-redirect" title="Ironclad">ironclad</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td>5,650 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a> (5,560 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>77.25 m (253 ft 5 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>17 m (55 ft 9 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draught</td><td>8.48 m (27 ft 10 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Depth of hold</td><td>10.67 m (35 ft 0 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2,500 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Indicated_horsepower" title="Horsepower">ihp</a> (1,900 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 oval <a href="/wiki/Boiler_(steam_generator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boiler (steam generator)">boilers</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 × Shaft</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 × <a href="/wiki/Marine_steam_engine#Back_acting" title="Marine steam engine">HRCR-steam engine</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Sail plan</td><td><a href="/wiki/Barquentine" title="Barquentine">Barquentine</a> rigged</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td>13 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (24 km/h; 15 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Range</td><td>4,000 <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</a> (2,500 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td>570 officers and enlisted men</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><i>As built</i>:</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">36 × 164.7 mm (6.5 in) Mle 1858 <a href="/wiki/Muzzle-loading_rifle" title="Muzzle-loading rifle">rifled muzzle-loading guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><i>After 1868</i>:</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">6 × 240 mm (9.4 in) Mle 1864 <a href="/wiki/Breech-loading_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Breech-loading gun">breech-loading guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × 194 mm (7.6 in) Mle 1864 breech-loading guns</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armour</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Hull: 120 mm (4.7 in)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Conning_tower" title="Conning tower">Conning tower</a>: 100 mm (3.9 in)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Deck_(ship)" title="Deck (ship)">Deck</a>: 10 mm (0.4 in)</li> </ul></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <b>French ironclad <i>Normandie</i></b> was the third and last of the three wooden-<a href="/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)" title="Hull (watercraft)">hulled</a> <a href="/wiki/Gloire-class_ironclad" title="Gloire-class ironclad"><i>Gloire</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Ironclad" class="mw-redirect" title="Ironclad">ironclads</a> built for the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> in 1858–62. The ships of the <i>Gloire</i> class were classified as <a href="/wiki/Armoured_frigate" class="mw-redirect" title="Armoured frigate">armoured frigates</a> because they only had a single gun deck and their traditional disposition of guns arrayed along the length of the hull also meant that they were <a href="/wiki/Broadside_ironclad" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadside ironclad">broadside ironclads</a>. <i>Normandie</i> was the first ironclad to cross the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> in support of the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_intervention_in_Mexico" title="Second French intervention in Mexico">French intervention in Mexico</a> in 1862. Although the ship was active during the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> of 1870–71, she saw no action. The unseasoned timber of her hull rotted quickly; she was condemned in 1871 and subsequently <a href="/wiki/Ship_breaking" title="Ship breaking">scrapped</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_description">Design and description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_ironclad_Normandie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Designed by the French <a href="/wiki/Naval_architect" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval architect">naval architect</a> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Dupuy_de_L%C3%B4me" title="Henri Dupuy de Lôme">Henri Dupuy de Lôme</a>, the ships of the <a href="/wiki/Ship_class" title="Ship class">class</a> were intended to fight in the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_battle" title="Line of battle">line of battle</a>, unlike the first British ironclads.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ship was 77.25 metres (253 ft 5 in) long,<sup id="cite_ref-g7_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g7-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a <a href="/wiki/Beam_(nautical)" title="Beam (nautical)">beam</a> of 17 metres (55 ft 9 in). <i>Normandie</i> had a maximum <a href="/wiki/Draft_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Draft (ship)">draft</a> of 8.48 metres (27 ft 10 in),<sup id="cite_ref-g1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(A-L)#D" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of nautical terms (A-L)">depth of hold</a> of 10.67 metres (35 ft 0 in) and displaced 5,650 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> (5,560 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-g7_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g7-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ships of the class had a high <a href="/wiki/Metacentric_height" title="Metacentric height">metacentric height</a> of 2.1 metres (7 ft) and consequently <a href="/wiki/Ship_motions" title="Ship motions">rolled</a> badly.<sup id="cite_ref-g1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With their <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(A-L)#G" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of nautical terms (A-L)">gun ports</a> only 1.88 metres (6 ft 2 in) above the waterline, they proved to be very wet.<sup id="cite_ref-d14_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d14-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Normandie</i> had a single <a href="/wiki/Marine_steam_engine#Back_acting" title="Marine steam engine">horizontal return connecting-rod compound steam engine</a> that drove one propeller.<sup id="cite_ref-g1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engine was powered by eight Indret<sup id="cite_ref-g7_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g7-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oval <a href="/wiki/Boiler_(steam_generator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boiler (steam generator)">boilers</a> and was designed for a capacity of 2,500 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Indicated_horsepower" title="Horsepower">indicated horsepower</a> (1,900 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-g1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She carried a maximum of 675 tonnes (664 long tons) of coal which allowed her to steam for 4,000 <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">kilometres</a> (2,500 mi) at a speed of 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-d14_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d14-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Gloire</i>-class ships were initially fitted with a light <a href="/wiki/Barquentine" title="Barquentine">barquentine</a> rig with three masts that had a sail area around 1,100 square metres (11,800 sq ft). This was later changed to a full <a href="/wiki/Ship_rig" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship rig">ship rig</a> of 2,500 square metres (27,000 sq ft), but later had to be reduced because excessive rolling.<sup id="cite_ref-g1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Gloire</i>-class ships were armed with 36 Modèle 1858 164.7-millimetre (6.5 in) <a href="/wiki/Broadside_(naval)" title="Broadside (naval)">broadside</a>. The remaining two guns were placed on the upper deck as <a href="/wiki/Chase_gun" title="Chase gun">chase guns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-g7_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g7-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They fired a 44.9-kilogram (99.0 lb) shell at a muzzle velocity of only 322 metres per second (1,060 ft/s) and proved to be ineffective against armour.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Rifled_breech_loader" title="Rifled breech loader">rifled breech-loading</a> Modèle 1864 guns in 1868. Six 240-millimetre (9.4 in) guns were mounted in the centre of the gun deck and a pair of 194-millimetre (7.6 in) guns replaced the original chase guns.<sup id="cite_ref-g7_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g7-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Normandie</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s wooden hull was completely armoured with <a href="/wiki/Wrought_iron" title="Wrought iron">wrought iron</a> plates 120 millimetres (4.7 in) thick. Backed by the 760-millimetre (30 in) sides of the hull, the armour extended 5.4 metres (17 ft 9 in) above the <a href="/wiki/Waterline" title="Waterline">waterline</a> and 2.0 metres (6 ft 7 in) below.<sup id="cite_ref-d14_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d14-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Gloire</i>-class ships had an open-topped <a href="/wiki/Conning_tower" title="Conning tower">conning tower</a> with armour 100 millimetres (3.9 in) thick and 10 millimetres (0.4 in) of armour underneath the wooden upper deck.<sup id="cite_ref-g1_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction_and_service">Construction and service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_ironclad_Normandie&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Construction and service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Named after the province of <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Normandie</i> was ordered around September 1858, six months after her sisters. The ship was <a href="/wiki/Keel_laying" title="Keel laying">laid down</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_de_Cherbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenal de Cherbourg">Arsenal de Cherbourg</a> on 14 September 1858, <a href="/wiki/Ship_naming_and_launching" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship naming and launching">launched</a> on 10 March 1860 and completed on 13 May 1862.<sup id="cite_ref-g1_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1862, <i>Normandie</i> became the first ironclad to cross the Atlantic, as the <a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">flagship</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vice_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral">Vice Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Jurien_de_La_Gravi%C3%A8re" title="Edmond Jurien de La Gravière">Edmond Jurien de La Gravière</a>, on her way to support the French intervention in Mexico. She was forced to return in April 1863 due to an outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> that killed her <a href="/wiki/Captain_(nautical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (nautical)">captain</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-d23_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d23-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Fleet_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Fleet (France)">Mediterranean Fleet</a>, the ship made a port visit in August 1865 to <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a> where the fleet hosted the British <a href="/wiki/Channel_Fleet" title="Channel Fleet">Channel Fleet</a>. A few days later the French fleet made a reciprocal visit to <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> where it was hosted by the Channel Fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1865 to 1868, <i>Normandie</i> was assigned to the Evolutionary Squadron where she was commanded by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Jaur%C3%A9guiberry" title="Bernard Jauréguiberry">Bernard Jauréguiberry</a>, among others. The ship was assigned to the ironclad squadron commanded by <a href="/wiki/Rear_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear Admiral">Rear Admiral</a> Didelot during the Franco-Prussian War, but saw no action. Built of unseasoned timber, <i>Normandie</i> was in poor shape after the war and was <a href="/wiki/Ship_decommissioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship decommissioning">decommissioned</a> on 17 June 1871. Condemned on 1 August, the ship was subsequently broken up and her engine was installed in the <a href="/wiki/Breastwork_monitor" title="Breastwork monitor">breastwork monitor</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_monitor_Tonnerre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French monitor Tonnerre (page does not exist)"><i>Tonnerre</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-d23_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d23-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_ironclad_Normandie&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gardiner, p. 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g7-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g7_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g7_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g7_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g7_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g7_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gille, p. 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g1_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g1_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g1_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, p. 286</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d14-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-d14_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-d14_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-d14_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">de Balincourt & Vincent-Bréchignac, Part I, p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gardiner, p. 159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Silverstone, p. 107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d23-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-d23_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-d23_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">de Balincourt & Vincent-Bréchignac, Part II, p. 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, pp. 35, 37</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_ironclad_Normandie&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFde_BalincourtVincent-Bréchignac,_Captain1974" class="citation journal cs1">de Balincourt, Captain; Vincent-Bréchignac, Captain (1974). "The French Navy of Yesterday: Ironclad Frigates, Part I". <i>F.P.D.S. Newsletter</i>. <b>II</b> (2): 18. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41554533">41554533</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=F.P.D.S.+Newsletter&rft.atitle=The+French+Navy+of+Yesterday%3A+Ironclad+Frigates%2C+Part+I&rft.volume=II&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41554533&rft.aulast=de+Balincourt&rft.aufirst=Captain&rft.au=Vincent-Br%C3%A9chignac%2C+Captain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+ironclad+Normandie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_BalincourtVincent-Bréchignac,_Captain1974" class="citation journal cs1">de Balincourt, Captain; Vincent-Bréchignac, Captain (1974). "The French Navy of Yesterday: Ironclad Frigates, Pt. II". <i>F.P.D.S. Newsletter</i>. <b>II</b> (3): 23–25. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41554533">41554533</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=F.P.D.S.+Newsletter&rft.atitle=The+French+Navy+of+Yesterday%3A+Ironclad+Frigates%2C+Pt.+II&rft.volume=II&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=23-25&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41554533&rft.aulast=de+Balincourt&rft.aufirst=Captain&rft.au=Vincent-Br%C3%A9chignac%2C+Captain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+ironclad+Normandie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1979" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, N. J. M. (1979). "France". In Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M. (eds.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2"><i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905</i></a></span>. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 283–333. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8317-0302-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8317-0302-4"><bdi>0-8317-0302-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=France&rft.btitle=Conway%27s+All+the+World%27s+Fighting+Ships+1860%E2%80%931905&rft.place=Greenwich&rft.pages=283-333&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-8317-0302-4&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=N.+J.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+ironclad+Normandie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardiner,_Robert1992" class="citation book cs1">Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1992). <i>Steam, Steel and Shellfire: The Steam Warship 1815–1905</i>. Conway's History of the Ship. London: Conway Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-774-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-774-0"><bdi>1-55750-774-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steam%2C+Steel+and+Shellfire%3A+The+Steam+Warship+1815%E2%80%931905&rft.place=London&rft.series=Conway%27s+History+of+the+Ship&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=1-55750-774-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+ironclad+Normandie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGille1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gille, Eric (1999). <i>Cent ans de cuirassés français</i> [<i>A Century of French Battleships</i>] (in French). Nantes: Marines. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-909675-50-5" title="Special:BookSources/2-909675-50-5"><bdi>2-909675-50-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cent+ans+de+cuirass%C3%A9s+fran%C3%A7ais&rft.place=Nantes&rft.pub=Marines&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=2-909675-50-5&rft.aulast=Gille&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+ironclad+Normandie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1996" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Colin (1996). "Entente Cordiale, 1865". In McLean, David & <a href="/wiki/Antony_Preston" title="Antony Preston">Preston, Antony</a> (eds.). <i>Warship 1996</i>. London: Conway Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-685-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-685-X"><bdi>0-85177-685-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Entente+Cordiale%2C+1865&rft.btitle=Warship+1996&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-85177-685-X&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+ironclad+Normandie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2021" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Stephen S. (2021). <i>French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates</i>. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-4533-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5267-4533-0"><bdi>978-1-5267-4533-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+Warships+in+the+Age+of+Steam+1859%E2%80%931914%3A+Design%2C+Construction%2C+Careers+and+Fates&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+UK&rft.pub=Seaforth+Publishing&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-5267-4533-0&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Stephen+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+ironclad+Normandie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverstone1984" class="citation book cs1">Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). <i>Directory of the World's Capital Ships</i>. New York: Hippocrene Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88254-979-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88254-979-0"><bdi>0-88254-979-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Directory+of+the+World%27s+Capital+Ships&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hippocrene+Books&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-88254-979-0&rft.aulast=Silverstone&rft.aufirst=Paul+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+ironclad+Normandie" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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ironclad Gloire"><i>Gloire</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ironclad_Invincible" title="French ironclad Invincible"><i>Invincible</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Normandie</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Preceded by: <i>None</i></li> <li>Followed by: <a href="/wiki/French_ironclad_Couronne" title="French ironclad Couronne"><i>Couronne</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_ironclad_warships_of_France" title="List of ironclad warships of France">List of ironclad warships of France</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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