ZIRCONIUM, APT31, Violet Typhoon, Group G0128

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Please switch to the <a href='https://github.com/mitre-attack/attack-workbench-taxii-server/blob/main/docs/USAGE.md'>TAXII 2.1 server</a> to ensure uninterrupted service. </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-1 flex-shrink-0">   <div class="sidebar nav sticky-top flex-column pr-0 pt-4 pb-3 pl-3" id="v-tab" role="tablist" aria-orientation="vertical"> <div class="resizer" id="resizer"></div>  <div id="sidebars"></div>  </div> <div class="tab-content col-xl-9 pt-4" id="v-tabContent"> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-attckmatrix" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-attckmatrix-tab"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/versions/v16/">Home</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/versions/v16/groups/">Groups</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item">ZIRCONIUM</li> </ol> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v--tab"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xl-12"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid"> <div class="container-fluid"> <h1> ZIRCONIUM </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="description-body"> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> is a threat group operating out of China, active since at least 2017, that has targeted individuals associated with the 2020 US presidential election and prominent leaders in the international affairs community.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Burt, T. (2020, September 10). New cyberattacks targeting U.S. elections. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020"><sup><a href="https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/10/cyberattacks-us-elections-trump-biden/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Itkin, E. and Cohen, I. (2021, February 22). The Story of Jian – How APT31 Stole and Used an Unknown Equation Group 0-Day. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Check Point APT31 February 2021"><sup><a href="https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/the-story-of-jian/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div id="card-id" class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">ID: </span>G0128 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="Names that have overlapping reference to a group entry and may refer to the same or similar group in threat intelligence reporting">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Associated Groups</span>: APT31, Violet Typhoon </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Version</span>: 2.1 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Created: </span>24 March 2021 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Last Modified: </span>10 October 2024 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center pt-2 version-button permalink"> <div class="live"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Permalink to this version of G0128" href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128/" data-test-ignore="true">Version Permalink</a> </div> <div class="permalink"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Go to the live version of G0128" href="/groups/G0128/" data-test-ignore="true">Live Version</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="aliasDescription">Associated Group Descriptions</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> APT31 </td> <td> <p><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Itkin, E. and Cohen, I. (2021, February 22). The Story of Jian – How APT31 Stole and Used an Unknown Equation Group 0-Day. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Check Point APT31 February 2021"><sup><a href="https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/the-story-of-jian/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Violet Typhoon </td> <td> <p><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Microsoft . (2023, July 12). How Microsoft names threat actors. Retrieved November 17, 2023."data-reference="Microsoft Threat Actor Naming July 2023"><sup><a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/intelligence/microsoft-threat-actor-naming?view=o365-worldwide" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div>  <div class="dropdown h3 mt-3 float-right"> <button class="btn btn-navy dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <b>ATT&CK<sup>®</sup> Navigator Layers</b> </button> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton"> <h6 class="dropdown-header">Enterprise Layer</h6> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128/G0128-enterprise-layer.json" download target="_blank">download</a>  <a class="dropdown-item" href="#" id="view-layer-on-navigator-enterprise" target="_blank">view <img width="10" src="/versions/v16/theme/images/external-site-dark.jpeg"></a> <script src="/versions/v16/theme/scripts/settings.js"></script> <script> if (window.location.protocol == "https:") { //view on navigator only works when this site is hosted on HTTPS var layerURL = window.location.protocol + "//" + window.location.host + base_url + "groups/G0128/G0128-enterprise-layer.json"; document.getElementById("view-layer-on-navigator-enterprise").href = "https://mitre-attack.github.io/attack-navigator//#layerURL=" + encodeURIComponent(layerURL); } else { //hide button document.getElementById("view-layer-on-navigator-enterprise").classList.add("d-none"); } </script> </div> </div>  <h2 class="pt-3 mb-2" id="techniques">Techniques Used</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table techniques-used background table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Domain</th> <th class="p-2" colspan="2">ID</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Name</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Use</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1583">T1583</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1583/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1583">Acquire Infrastructure</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1583/001">Domains</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has purchased domains for use in targeted campaigns.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Burt, T. (2020, September 10). New cyberattacks targeting U.S. elections. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020"><sup><a href="https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/10/cyberattacks-us-elections-trump-biden/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1583/006">.006</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1583">Acquire Infrastructure</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1583/006">Web Services</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used GitHub to host malware linked in spearphishing e-mails.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Huntley, S. (2020, October 16). How We're Tackling Evolving Online Threats. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Google Election Threats October 2020"><sup><a href="https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/how-were-tackling-evolving-online-threats/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1547">T1547</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1547/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1547">Boot or Logon Autostart Execution</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1547/001">Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has created a Registry Run key named <code>Dropbox Update Setup</code> to establish persistence for a malicious Python binary.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1059">T1059</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1059/003">.003</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1059">Command and Scripting Interpreter</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1059/003">Windows Command Shell</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used a tool to open a Windows Command Shell on a remote host.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1059/006">.006</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1059">Command and Scripting Interpreter</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1059/006">Python</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used Python-based implants to interact with compromised hosts.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Huntley, S. (2020, October 16). How We're Tackling Evolving Online Threats. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Google Election Threats October 2020"><sup><a href="https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/how-were-tackling-evolving-online-threats/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1584">T1584</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1584/008">.008</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1584">Compromise Infrastructure</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1584/008">Network Devices</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has compromised network devices such as small office and home office (SOHO) routers and IoT devices for ORB (operational relay box) <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1090">Proxy</a> networks.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-6') id="scite-ref-6-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Cimpanu, Catalin. (2021, July 20). Chinese hacking group APT31 uses mesh of home routers to disguise attacks. Retrieved July 8, 2024."data-reference="ORB APT31"><sup><a href="https://therecord.media/chinese-hacking-group-apt31-uses-mesh-of-home-routers-to-disguise-attacks" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="5" aria-describedby="qtip-5">[6]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-7') id="scite-ref-7-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Raggi, Michael. (2024, May 22). IOC Extinction? China-Nexus Cyber Espionage Actors Use ORB Networks to Raise Cost on Defenders. Retrieved July 8, 2024."data-reference="ORB Mandiant"><sup><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/china-nexus-espionage-orb-networks" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="6" aria-describedby="qtip-6">[7]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1555">T1555</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1555/003">.003</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1555">Credentials from Password Stores</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1555/003">Credentials from Web Browsers</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used a tool to steal credentials from installed web browsers including Microsoft Internet Explorer and Google Chrome.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1140">T1140</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1140">Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used the AES256 algorithm with a SHA1 derived key to decrypt exploit code.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Itkin, E. and Cohen, I. (2021, February 22). The Story of Jian – How APT31 Stole and Used an Unknown Equation Group 0-Day. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Check Point APT31 February 2021"><sup><a href="https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/the-story-of-jian/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1573">T1573</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1573/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1573">Encrypted Channel</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1573/001">Symmetric Cryptography</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used AES encrypted communications in C2.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1041">T1041</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1041">Exfiltration Over C2 Channel</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has exfiltrated files via the Dropbox API C2.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1567">T1567</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1567/002">.002</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1567">Exfiltration Over Web Service</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1567/002">Exfiltration to Cloud Storage</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has exfiltrated stolen data to Dropbox.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1068">T1068</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1068">Exploitation for Privilege Escalation</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has exploited CVE-2017-0005 for local privilege escalation.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Itkin, E. and Cohen, I. (2021, February 22). The Story of Jian – How APT31 Stole and Used an Unknown Equation Group 0-Day. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Check Point APT31 February 2021"><sup><a href="https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/the-story-of-jian/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1105">T1105</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1105">Ingress Tool Transfer</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used tools to download malicious files to compromised hosts.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1036">T1036</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1036">Masquerading</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has spoofed legitimate applications in phishing lures and changed file extensions to conceal installation of malware.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Huntley, S. (2020, October 16). How We're Tackling Evolving Online Threats. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Google Election Threats October 2020"><sup><a href="https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/how-were-tackling-evolving-online-threats/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1036/004">.004</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1036/004">Masquerade Task or Service</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has created a run key named <code>Dropbox Update Setup</code> to mask a persistence mechanism for a malicious binary.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1027">T1027</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1027/002">.002</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1027">Obfuscated Files or Information</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1027/002">Software Packing</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used multi-stage packers for exploit code.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Itkin, E. and Cohen, I. (2021, February 22). The Story of Jian – How APT31 Stole and Used an Unknown Equation Group 0-Day. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Check Point APT31 February 2021"><sup><a href="https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/the-story-of-jian/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1566">T1566</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1566/002">.002</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1566">Phishing</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1566/002">Spearphishing Link</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used malicious links in e-mails to deliver malware.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Burt, T. (2020, September 10). New cyberattacks targeting U.S. elections. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020"><sup><a href="https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/10/cyberattacks-us-elections-trump-biden/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Huntley, S. (2020, October 16). How We're Tackling Evolving Online Threats. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Google Election Threats October 2020"><sup><a href="https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/how-were-tackling-evolving-online-threats/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1598">T1598</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1598">Phishing for Information</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> targeted presidential campaign staffers with credential phishing e-mails.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Huntley, S. (2020, October 16). How We're Tackling Evolving Online Threats. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Google Election Threats October 2020"><sup><a href="https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/how-were-tackling-evolving-online-threats/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1598/003">.003</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1598/003">Spearphishing Link</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used web beacons in e-mails to track hits to attacker-controlled URL's.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Burt, T. (2020, September 10). New cyberattacks targeting U.S. elections. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020"><sup><a href="https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/10/cyberattacks-us-elections-trump-biden/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1090">T1090</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1090/003">.003</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1090">Proxy</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1090/003">Multi-hop Proxy</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has utilized an ORB (operational relay box) network – consisting compromised devices such as small office and home office (SOHO) routers, IoT devices, and leased virtual private servers (VPS) – to proxy traffic.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-7') id="scite-ref-7-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Raggi, Michael. (2024, May 22). IOC Extinction? China-Nexus Cyber Espionage Actors Use ORB Networks to Raise Cost on Defenders. Retrieved July 8, 2024."data-reference="ORB Mandiant"><sup><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/china-nexus-espionage-orb-networks" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="6" aria-describedby="qtip-6">[7]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1012">T1012</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1012">Query Registry</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used a tool to query the Registry for proxy settings.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1218">T1218</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1218/007">.007</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1218">System Binary Proxy Execution</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1218/007">Msiexec</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used the msiexec.exe command-line utility to download and execute malicious MSI files.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1082">T1082</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1082">System Information Discovery</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used a tool to capture the processor architecture of a compromised host in order to register it with C2.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1016">T1016</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1016">System Network Configuration Discovery</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used a tool to enumerate proxy settings in the target environment.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1033">T1033</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1033">System Owner/User Discovery</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used a tool to capture the username on a compromised host in order to register it with C2.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1124">T1124</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1124">System Time Discovery</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used a tool to capture the time on a compromised host in order to register it with C2.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1204">T1204</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1204/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1204">User Execution</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1204/001">Malicious Link</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used malicious links in e-mails to lure victims into downloading malware.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Huntley, S. (2020, October 16). How We're Tackling Evolving Online Threats. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Google Election Threats October 2020"><sup><a href="https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/how-were-tackling-evolving-online-threats/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1102">T1102</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1102/002">.002</a> </td> <td> <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1102">Web Service</a>: <a href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1102/002">Bidirectional Communication</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/versions/v16/groups/G0128">ZIRCONIUM</a> has used Dropbox for C2 allowing upload and download of files as well as execution of arbitrary commands.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Huntley, S. (2020, October 16). How We're Tackling Evolving Online Threats. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Google Election Threats October 2020"><sup><a href="https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/how-were-tackling-evolving-online-threats/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."data-reference="Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="references">References</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <ol> <li> <span id="scite-1" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-1" href="https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/10/cyberattacks-us-elections-trump-biden/" target="_blank"> Burt, T. (2020, September 10). New cyberattacks targeting U.S. elections. Retrieved March 24, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-2" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-2" href="https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/the-story-of-jian/" target="_blank"> Itkin, E. and Cohen, I. (2021, February 22). The Story of Jian – How APT31 Stole and Used an Unknown Equation Group 0-Day. Retrieved March 24, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-3" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-3" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/intelligence/microsoft-threat-actor-naming?view=o365-worldwide" target="_blank"> Microsoft . (2023, July 12). How Microsoft names threat actors. Retrieved November 17, 2023. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-4" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-4" href="https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/how-were-tackling-evolving-online-threats/" target="_blank"> Huntley, S. (2020, October 16). How We're Tackling Evolving Online Threats. Retrieved March 24, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="col"> <ol start="5.0"> <li> <span id="scite-5" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-5" href="https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online" target="_blank"> Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-6" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-6" href="https://therecord.media/chinese-hacking-group-apt31-uses-mesh-of-home-routers-to-disguise-attacks" target="_blank"> Cimpanu, Catalin. (2021, July 20). Chinese hacking group APT31 uses mesh of home routers to disguise attacks. Retrieved July 8, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-7" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-7" href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/china-nexus-espionage-orb-networks" target="_blank"> Raggi, Michael. (2024, May 22). IOC Extinction? China-Nexus Cyber Espionage Actors Use ORB Networks to Raise Cost on Defenders. Retrieved July 8, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="overlay search" id="search-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="overlay-inner">  <div class="search-header"> <div class="search-input"> <input type="text" id="search-input" placeholder="search"> </div> <div class="search-icons"> <div class="search-parsing-icon spinner-border" style="display: none" id="search-parsing-icon"></div> <div class="close-search-icon" id="close-search-icon">×</div> </div> </div>  <div id="search-body" class="search-body"> <div class="results" id="search-results">  </div> <div id="load-more-results" class="load-more-results"> <button class="btn btn-default" id="load-more-results-button">load more results</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-0 flex-shrink-1">  <footer class="col footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row row-footer"> <div class="col-2 col-sm-2 col-md-2"> <div class="footer-center-responsive my-auto"> <a href="https://www.mitre.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="MITRE"> <img src="/versions/v16/theme/images/mitrelogowhiteontrans.gif" class="mitre-logo-wtrans"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-2 col-sm-2 footer-responsive-break"></div> <div class="footer-link-group"> <div class="row row-footer"> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/versions/v16/resources/engage-with-attack/contact" class="footer-link">Contact Us</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/versions/v16/resources/legal-and-branding/terms-of-use" class="footer-link">Terms of Use</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/versions/v16/resources/legal-and-branding/privacy" class="footer-link">Privacy Policy</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/versions/v16/resources/changelog.html" class="footer-link" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" data-html="true" title="ATT&CK content v16.1Website v4.2.1">Website Changelog</a></u> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <small class="px-3"> © 2015 - 2024, The MITRE Corporation. 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ZIRCONIUM, APT31, Violet Typhoon, Group G0128 | MITRE ATT&CK®