CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Proteoglycan 4 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8326114f-a6eb-4156-858a-b4ab32194b3b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Proteoglycan_4","wgTitle":"Proteoglycan 4","wgCurRevisionId":1254957571,"wgRevisionId":1254957571,"wgArticleId":14800425,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Genes on human chromosome 1","Proteoglycans","Extracellular matrix proteins"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Proteoglycan_4","wgRelevantArticleId":14800425,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[], "wgRedirectedFrom":"Migration-stimulating_factor","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Proteoglycan_4","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q18035131","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ideogram_human_chromosome_1.svg/1200px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_1.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="478"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ideogram_human_chromosome_1.svg/800px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_1.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="319"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ideogram_human_chromosome_1.svg/640px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_1.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="255"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Proteoglycan 4 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteoglycan_4"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteoglycan_4"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Proteoglycan_4 rootpage-Proteoglycan_4 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Proteoglycan+4" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Proteoglycan+4" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Proteoglycan+4" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Proteoglycan+4" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Proteoglycan 4</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_4" title="بروتيوغليكان 4 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروتيوغليكان 4" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRG4" title="PRG4 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="PRG4" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_4" title="بروتيوغليكان 4 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بروتيوغليكان 4" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRG4" title="PRG4 – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="PRG4" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRG4" title="PRG4 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="PRG4" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18035131#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Proteoglycan_4" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Proteoglycan_4" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Proteoglycan_4"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Proteoglycan_4"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Proteoglycan_4" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Proteoglycan_4" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&oldid=1254957571" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Proteoglycan_4&id=1254957571&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FProteoglycan_4"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FProteoglycan_4"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Proteoglycan_4&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18035131" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Migration-stimulating_factor&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration-stimulating factor">Migration-stimulating factor</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Proteoglycan; lubricant; gene</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">PRG4</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/9364">PRG4</a></span>, CACP, HAPO, JCAP, MSF, SZP, bG174L6.2, proteoglycan 4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/604283">604283</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:1891344">1891344</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=130465">130465</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=PRG4">PRG4</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000116690">PRG4 - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 1 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 1 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ideogram_human_chromosome_1.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ideogram_human_chromosome_1.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ideogram_human_chromosome_1.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_1_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 1 (human)">Chromosome 1 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_1_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 1 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 1 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Human_chromosome_1_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_1_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Human_chromosome_1_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_1_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Human_chromosome_1_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_1_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 214.71326241001px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for PRG4"><img alt="Genomic location for PRG4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 220.7px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for PRG4"><img alt="Genomic location for PRG4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">1q31.1</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">186,296,279 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">186,314,567 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 1 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 1 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_1.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_1.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_1.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">Chromosome 1 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 1 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 1 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_1.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_1.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_1.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 220.99885693089px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for PRG4"><img alt="Genomic location for PRG4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 227px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for PRG4"><img alt="Genomic location for PRG4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">1|1 G1</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">150,449,412 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">150,466,165 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000116690">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">synovial joint</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">Achilles tendon</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">pericardium</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">synovial membrane</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">parietal pleura</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right lobe of liver</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">germinal epithelium</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">islet of Langerhans</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">popliteal artery</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">tibial arteries</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000006014">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">ankle</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">tibiofemoral joint</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">trachea</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">intercostal muscle</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">stroma of bone marrow</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">semi-lunar valve</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">aortic valve</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">muscle of thigh</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">left lobe of liver</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">medial head of gastrocnemius muscle</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000116690">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_PRG4_206007_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/PBB_GE_PRG4_206007_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_PRG4_206007_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/PBB_GE_PRG4_206007_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_PRG4_206007_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/PBB_GE_PRG4_206007_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_PRG4_206007_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/10216/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005044">scavenger receptor activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030247">polysaccharide binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030021">extracellular matrix structural constituent conferring compression resistance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005576">extracellular region</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031012">extracellular matrix</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0062023">collagen-containing extracellular matrix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008283">cell population proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006898">receptor-mediated endocytosis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006955">immune response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016192">vesicle-mediated transport</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006897">endocytosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=10216&rn=1">10216</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=96875&rn=1">96875</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000116690;db=core">ENSG00000116690</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000006014;db=core">ENSMUSG00000006014</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q92954">Q92954</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9JM99">Q9JM99</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_005807">NM_005807</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001127708">NM_001127708</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001127709">NM_001127709</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001127710">NM_001127710</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001303232">NM_001303232</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001110146">NM_001110146</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_021400">NM_021400</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001121180">NP_001121180</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001121181">NP_001121181</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001121182">NP_001121182</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001290161">NP_001290161</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_005798">NP_005798</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001103616">NP_001103616</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_067375">NP_067375</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr1:186296279-186314567">Chr 1: 186.3 – 186.31 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr1:150449412-150466165">Chr 1: 150.45 – 150.47 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18035131" class="extiw" title="d:Q18035131">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18270410" class="extiw" title="d:Q18270410">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Proteoglycan 4</b> or <b>lubricin</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Proteoglycan" title="Proteoglycan">proteoglycan</a> that in humans is encoded by the <i>PRG4</i> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marcelino_1999_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marcelino_1999-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid9920774_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9920774-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-entrez_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It acts as a <a href="/wiki/Joint" title="Joint">joint</a>/<a href="/wiki/Synovial_membrane" title="Synovial membrane">boundary</a> lubricant.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lubricin is present in <a href="/wiki/Synovial_fluid" title="Synovial fluid">synovial fluid</a> and on the surface (superficial layer) of articular <a href="/wiki/Cartilage" title="Cartilage">cartilage</a> and therefore plays an important role in <a href="/wiki/Joint" title="Joint">joint</a> lubrication and synovial <a href="/wiki/Homeostasis" title="Homeostasis">homeostasis</a>. When first isolated, cartilage lubricin was called "superficial zone protein" (SZP).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the discovery that the 32-kDa amino terminal fragment of lubricin could stimulate <a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in-vitro</a> <a href="/wiki/Megakaryocyte" title="Megakaryocyte">megakaryocyte</a> growth, the gene responsible for the expression of lubricin was initially called "megakaryocyte-stimulating factor" (MSF).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Lubricin, MSF, and SZP are now collectively known as Proteoglycan 4 (hence PRG4 for the gene nomenclature). The evidence that lubricin is actually a proteoglycan is not solid.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expression of lubricin has also been detected and the protein localized in <a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">tendon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Meniscus_(anatomy)" title="Meniscus (anatomy)">meniscus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bone</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ligament" title="Ligament">ligament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is present in human plasma, where it binds to neutrophils via <a href="/wiki/L-selectin" title="L-selectin">L-selectin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jin_2012_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jin_2012-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lubricin_Lubricating_Function.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Lubricin_Lubricating_Function.png/331px-Lubricin_Lubricating_Function.png" decoding="async" width="331" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Lubricin_Lubricating_Function.png/497px-Lubricin_Lubricating_Function.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Lubricin_Lubricating_Function.png/662px-Lubricin_Lubricating_Function.png 2x" data-file-width="2056" data-file-height="706" /></a><figcaption>The adhesion of Lubricin's N- (blue) and C- (red) termini to two opposing cartilage surfaces undergoing shear stress (𝜏) and normal forces (𝐹_𝑁). Steric repulsion between mucin domains and hydration forces of the trapped solvent layer are thought to give lubricin its characteristic lubrication ability. Two glycoprotein monomers are linked by a disulfide bond in yellow to form a dimer.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lubricin shares many properties with other members of the <a href="/wiki/Mucin" title="Mucin">mucin</a> family and similarly plays important roles in protecting cartilage surface from protein deposition and <a href="/wiki/Cell_adhesion" title="Cell adhesion">cell adhesion</a>, in inhibiting synovial cell overgrowth, and in preventing cartilage-cartilage adhesion.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:22_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early work on lubricin showed that it was able to lubricate non cartilaginous surfaces as effectively as whole synovial fluid, confirming its important biological lubrication role.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Understanding lubricin is key to understanding joint mechanics and friction-based diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The protein encoded by this gene is a approximately 345 kDa<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> specifically synthesized by <a href="/wiki/Chondrocyte" title="Chondrocyte">chondrocytes</a> located at the surface of <a href="/wiki/Articular_cartilage" class="mw-redirect" title="Articular cartilage">articular cartilage</a>, and also by synovial lining cells. The cDNA encodes a protein of 1,404 amino acids (human A isoform) with a <a href="/wiki/Vitronectin" title="Vitronectin">somatomedin B</a> homology domain, <a href="/wiki/Heparin" title="Heparin">heparin</a>-binding domains, multiple <a href="/wiki/Mucin" title="Mucin">mucin</a>-like repeats, a <a href="/wiki/Hemopexin" title="Hemopexin">hemopexin</a> domain, and an aggregation domain. There are 3 consensus sequences for <i>N</i>-glycosylation<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more than 168 sites for <a href="/wiki/O-linked_glycosylation" title="O-linked glycosylation"><i>O</i>-linked glycosylation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_2014_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_2014-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lubricin is a large <a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein" title="Glycoprotein">glycoprotein</a> that consists of approximately equal proportions of <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> and oligosaccharides. The oligosaccharides are <a href="/wiki/O-linked_glycosylation" title="O-linked glycosylation"><i>O</i>-linked</a> both with and without <a href="/wiki/Sialic_acid" title="Sialic acid">sialic acid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jin_2012_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jin_2012-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ali_2014_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_2014-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Electron_microscope" title="Electron microscope">Electron microscope</a> measurements show that the lubricin molecule is a partially extended flexible rod and, in solution, occupies a smaller spatial domain than would be expected from structural predictions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The large glycosylated region (i. e <a href="/wiki/Mucin" title="Mucin">mucin domain</a>) of lubricin makes it a water-soluble <a href="/wiki/Synovial_fluid" title="Synovial fluid">synovial fluid</a> protein. In synovial fluid it interacts with <a href="/wiki/Galectin-3" title="Galectin-3">Galectin-3</a> that improves its lubricating property.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27157803_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27157803-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lubricin's unglycosylated regions can interact with cartilage proteins.<sup id="cite_ref-Cartilage_oligomeric_matrix_protein_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cartilage_oligomeric_matrix_protein-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This characteristic may aid in the molecule's <a href="/wiki/Boundary_lubrication" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundary lubrication">boundary lubricating</a> ability. </p><p>Lubricin is a close analog to <a href="/wiki/Vitronectin" title="Vitronectin">vitronectin</a>, as both of these proteins contain a somatomedin B-like (SMB) domain and a hemopexin-like chain. These domains play a unique role in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, unlike vitronectin, lubricin carries a central mucin-like domain with a large number of repeating KEPAPTT motifs.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12441670_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12441670-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In total, lubricin is approximately 200 nm +/- 50 nm in length and has a diameter of a few nanometers. The glycoprotein consists of >5% serine and >20% threonine residues, which give rise to a large number of O-glycosylations. These are thought to contain short polar (Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr) and negatively charged (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-3GalNAcα1α1-Ser/Thr) sugar groups. About two thirds of these sugar groups are capped with sialic acid, and the end domains of the glycoprotein are thought to be globular, due to the nature of their protein-like domains. The N-terminus of lubricin is associated with its SMB-like domains,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas the C-terminus is associated with the hemopexin-like domain.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the protein's overall slight negative charge and the fact that the center of the protein carries negatively charged sugar groups, the two end domains are thought to carry much of the protein's positive charge.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ali_2014_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_2014-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Structure_of_Lubricin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Structure of lubricin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Structure_of_Lubricin.png/413px-Structure_of_Lubricin.png" decoding="async" width="413" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Structure_of_Lubricin.png/620px-Structure_of_Lubricin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Structure_of_Lubricin.png/826px-Structure_of_Lubricin.png 2x" data-file-width="1992" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption>The basic "bottle brush" structure of lubricin, including its mucin, hemopexin-like and somatomedin B (SMB)-like domains. Figure created with BioRender.com<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p>Lubricin's complex protein structure is termed "bottle brush," which refers to the large number of densely packed glycosylations on lubricin's backbone. Overall, lubricin's structure is similar to other mucin proteins and bottle brush polymers. This structure is key to its lubricating ability, which is ascribed to interchain repulsion. This leads to trapping of large quantities of solvent and the stabilization of a fluid-like cushioning layer, which enables bottle brush polymers to lower the friction between joints when external pressure is applied.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, lubricin's N-terminus is thought to create disulfide bonds between two lubricin monomers. The glycoprotein thus exists as both a monomer and a dimer.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The adsorption of lubricin to cartilage surfaces occurs through interactions on its N- and C- terminus, where its bottle brush structure plays a role in both coating and repelling similarly coated cartilage surfaces due to steric repulsion.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cartilage_oligomeric_matrix_protein_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cartilage_oligomeric_matrix_protein-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lubricin's high degree of hydration is also thought to be involved in repulsion forces generated by lubricin between opposing cartilage surfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shear studies of lubricin adsorbed between various hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces have confirmed the importance of the glycoprotein in boundary lubrication and wear protection in articular joints.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lubricin's bottle brush structure is common among a number of human lubricating glycoproteins, and a number of studies have been conducted to mimic this.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Researchers have successfully designed low-friction polymers imitating lubricin's bottle-brush-like structure, further supporting the notion that it is lubricin's architecture which plays an important role in reducing friction.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, another study on zwitterionic polymer brushes, which intended to mimic the structure of bottle-brush polymers present in cartilage, found that the brushes produced super low fouling surfaces and super low friction surfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lubricin, as MSF, was detected in the urine of patients undergoing <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow_transplantation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone marrow transplantation">bone marrow transplantation</a> during a period of acute <a href="/wiki/Thrombocytopenia" title="Thrombocytopenia">thrombocytopenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depletion of lubricin function has also been associated with <a href="/wiki/Camptodactyly" title="Camptodactyly">camptodactyly</a>-<a href="/wiki/Arthropathy" title="Arthropathy">arthropathy</a>-<a href="/wiki/Coxa_vara" title="Coxa vara">coxa vara</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pericarditis" title="Pericarditis">pericarditis</a> syndrome (<a href="/wiki/Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa_vara-pericarditis_syndrome" title="Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome">CACP</a>), an <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a>-like <a href="/wiki/Autosomal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal">autosomal</a> <a href="/wiki/Recessive_genetic_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessive genetic disorders">recessive disorder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marcelino_1999_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marcelino_1999-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">locus</a> for autosomal recessive camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome maps to chromosome 1q25-q31 where the PRG4 gene is located. Cell overgrowth may be primary to the pathogenesis of this protein.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lubricin’s role in improving <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tendon_gliding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tendon gliding (page does not exist)">tendon gliding</a> has also been studied. While adding lubricin alone fails to affect the tendon gliding resistance, the addition of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cd-gelatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cd-gelatin (page does not exist)">cd-gelatin</a> plus lubricin significantly lowered the gliding resistance of the tendons. This research can aid in improving the gliding ability of <a href="/wiki/Medical_grafting" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical grafting">tendon grafts</a> done clinically.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18171967_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18171967-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_shockwave_therapy" title="Extracorporeal shockwave therapy">Extracorporeal shockwave therapy</a> application has been shown to induce an increased lubricin expression in tendons and septa of rat hindlimbs, which might suggest a beneficial lubricating effect for joints and tissues prone to wear and tear degradation.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22009294_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22009294-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, the synovial fluid of patients with <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</a> has been shown to exhibit reduced levels of lubricin when compared to healthy patients.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Researchers are currently exploring potential applications of lubricin for treating these and other related diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus far, adding supplement lubricin has been shown to restore the lubricating ability of synovial fluid from patients with established osteoarthritis.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lubricin has been shown to also play a role in anti-inflammation for osteoarthritis patients. Additionally, reduced lubricin levels have also been observed in the synovial fluid of patients with <a href="/wiki/Anterior_cruciate_ligament" title="Anterior cruciate ligament">ACL</a> injuries, and decreased lubricating ability has been found in patients with traumatic <a href="/wiki/Synovitis" title="Synovitis">synovitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lubricin, which is naturally present in human cornea-eyelid interface, has also been shown to play a key role in reducing friction between the <a href="/wiki/Cornea" title="Cornea">cornea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conjunctiva" title="Conjunctiva">conjunctiva</a> of the eye.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clinical trials of the use of <a href="/wiki/Recombinant_DNA" title="Recombinant DNA">recombinant</a> lubricin eye drops for treatment of <a href="/wiki/Dry_eye_syndrome" title="Dry eye syndrome">dry eye</a> disease have thus far been relatively successful.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000116690">GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000116690</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000006014">GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000006014</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=10216">"Human PubMed Reference:"</a>. <i>National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Center+for+Biotechnology+Information%2C+U.S.+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Human+PubMed+Reference%3A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fdb%3Dgene%26cmd%3DLink%26LinkName%3Dgene_pubmed%26from_uid%3D10216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=96875">"Mouse PubMed Reference:"</a>. <i>National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Center+for+Biotechnology+Information%2C+U.S.+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mouse+PubMed+Reference%3A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fdb%3Dgene%26cmd%3DLink%26LinkName%3Dgene_pubmed%26from_uid%3D96875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marcelino_1999-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marcelino_1999_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marcelino_1999_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcelinoCarptenSuwairiGutierrez1999" class="citation journal cs1">Marcelino J, Carpten JD, Suwairi WM, Gutierrez OM, Schwartz S, Robbins C, et al. (November 1999). "CACP, encoding a secreted proteoglycan, is mutated in camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome". <i>Nature Genetics</i>. <b>23</b> (3): 319–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F15496">10.1038/15496</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10545950">10545950</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32556762">32556762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Genetics&rft.atitle=CACP%2C+encoding+a+secreted+proteoglycan%2C+is+mutated+in+camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa+vara-pericarditis+syndrome&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=319-22&rft.date=1999-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A32556762%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10545950&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F15496&rft.aulast=Marcelino&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Carpten%2C+JD&rft.au=Suwairi%2C+WM&rft.au=Gutierrez%2C+OM&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+S&rft.au=Robbins%2C+C&rft.au=Sood%2C+R&rft.au=Makalowska%2C+I&rft.au=Baxevanis%2C+A&rft.au=Johnstone%2C+B&rft.au=Laxer%2C+RM&rft.au=Zemel%2C+L&rft.au=Kim%2C+CA&rft.au=Herd%2C+JK&rft.au=Ihle%2C+J&rft.au=Williams%2C+C&rft.au=Johnson%2C+M&rft.au=Raman%2C+V&rft.au=Alonso%2C+LG&rft.au=Brunoni%2C+D&rft.au=Gerstein%2C+A&rft.au=Papadopoulos%2C+N&rft.au=Bahabri%2C+SA&rft.au=Trent%2C+JM&rft.au=Warman%2C+ML&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid9920774-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid9920774_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlanneryHughesSchumacherTudor1999" class="citation journal cs1">Flannery CR, Hughes CE, Schumacher BL, Tudor D, Aydelotte MB, Kuettner KE, Caterson B (January 1999). "Articular cartilage superficial zone protein (SZP) is homologous to megakaryocyte stimulating factor precursor and Is a multifunctional proteoglycan with potential growth-promoting, cytoprotective, and lubricating properties in cartilage metabolism". <i>Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications</i>. <b>254</b> (3): 535–41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fbbrc.1998.0104">10.1006/bbrc.1998.0104</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9920774">9920774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Articular+cartilage+superficial+zone+protein+%28SZP%29+is+homologous+to+megakaryocyte+stimulating+factor+precursor+and+Is+a+multifunctional+proteoglycan+with+potential+growth-promoting%2C+cytoprotective%2C+and+lubricating+properties+in+cartilage+metabolism&rft.volume=254&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=535-41&rft.date=1999-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fbbrc.1998.0104&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9920774&rft.aulast=Flannery&rft.aufirst=CR&rft.au=Hughes%2C+CE&rft.au=Schumacher%2C+BL&rft.au=Tudor%2C+D&rft.au=Aydelotte%2C+MB&rft.au=Kuettner%2C+KE&rft.au=Caterson%2C+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-entrez-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-entrez_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-entrez_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-entrez_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-entrez_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10216">"Entrez Gene: PRG4 proteoglycan 4"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Entrez+Gene%3A+PRG4+proteoglycan+4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3FDb%3Dgene%26Cmd%3DShowDetailView%26TermToSearch%3D10216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchumacherBlockSchmidAydelotte1994" class="citation journal cs1">Schumacher BL, Block JA, Schmid TM, Aydelotte MB, Kuettner KE (May 1994). "A novel proteoglycan synthesized and secreted by chondrocytes of the superficial zone of articular cartilage". <i>Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics</i>. <b>311</b> (1): 144–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fabbi.1994.1219">10.1006/abbi.1994.1219</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8185311">8185311</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Biochemistry+and+Biophysics&rft.atitle=A+novel+proteoglycan+synthesized+and+secreted+by+chondrocytes+of+the+superficial+zone+of+articular+cartilage&rft.volume=311&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=144-52&rft.date=1994-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fabbi.1994.1219&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8185311&rft.aulast=Schumacher&rft.aufirst=BL&rft.au=Block%2C+JA&rft.au=Schmid%2C+TM&rft.au=Aydelotte%2C+MB&rft.au=Kuettner%2C+KE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJayBrittCha2000" class="citation journal cs1">Jay GD, Britt DE, Cha CJ (March 2000). "Lubricin is a product of megakaryocyte stimulating factor gene expression by human synovial fibroblasts". <i>The Journal of Rheumatology</i>. <b>27</b> (3): 594–600. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10743795">10743795</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Rheumatology&rft.atitle=Lubricin+is+a+product+of+megakaryocyte+stimulating+factor+gene+expression+by+human+synovial+fibroblasts&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=594-600&rft.date=2000-03&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10743795&rft.aulast=Jay&rft.aufirst=GD&rft.au=Britt%2C+DE&rft.au=Cha%2C+CJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreissner1993" class="citation book cs1">Preissner KT (1993). <i>Biology of vitronectins and their receptors : proceedings of the First International Vitronectin Workshop, Rauischholzhausen Castle, Marburg, Germany, 25-28 August, 1993</i>. Elsevier. pp. 45–52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-444-81680-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-444-81680-1"><bdi>0-444-81680-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/246493326">246493326</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology+of+vitronectins+and+their+receptors+%3A+proceedings+of+the+First+International+Vitronectin+Workshop%2C+Rauischholzhausen+Castle%2C+Marburg%2C+Germany%2C+25-28+August%2C+1993&rft.pages=45-52&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F246493326&rft.isbn=0-444-81680-1&rft.aulast=Preissner&rft.aufirst=KT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLordEstrellaChuangYoussef2012" class="citation journal cs1">Lord MS, Estrella RP, Chuang CY, Youssef P, Karlsson NG, Flannery CR, Whitelock JM (2012). "Not all lubricin isoforms are substituted with a glycosaminoglycan chain". <i>Connective Tissue Research</i>. <b>53</b> (2): 132–41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3109%2F03008207.2011.614364">10.3109/03008207.2011.614364</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21966936">21966936</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7344867">7344867</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Connective+Tissue+Research&rft.atitle=Not+all+lubricin+isoforms+are+substituted+with+a+glycosaminoglycan+chain&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=132-41&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A7344867%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21966936&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3109%2F03008207.2011.614364&rft.aulast=Lord&rft.aufirst=MS&rft.au=Estrella%2C+RP&rft.au=Chuang%2C+CY&rft.au=Youssef%2C+P&rft.au=Karlsson%2C+NG&rft.au=Flannery%2C+CR&rft.au=Whitelock%2C+JM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReesDaviesTudorFlannery2002" class="citation journal cs1">Rees SG, Davies JR, Tudor D, Flannery CR, Hughes CE, Dent CM, Caterson B (November 2002). "Immunolocalisation and expression of proteoglycan 4 (cartilage superficial zone proteoglycan) in tendon". <i>Matrix Biology</i>. <b>21</b> (7): 593–602. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0945-053X%2802%2900056-2">10.1016/S0945-053X(02)00056-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12475643">12475643</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Matrix+Biology&rft.atitle=Immunolocalisation+and+expression+of+proteoglycan+4+%28cartilage+superficial+zone+proteoglycan%29+in+tendon&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=593-602&rft.date=2002-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0945-053X%2802%2900056-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12475643&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=SG&rft.au=Davies%2C+JR&rft.au=Tudor%2C+D&rft.au=Flannery%2C+CR&rft.au=Hughes%2C+CE&rft.au=Dent%2C+CM&rft.au=Caterson%2C+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchumacherSchmidtVoegtlineChen2005" class="citation journal cs1">Schumacher BL, Schmidt TA, Voegtline MS, Chen AC, Sah RL (May 2005). "Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) synthesis and immunolocalization in bovine meniscus". <i>Journal of Orthopaedic Research</i>. <b>23</b> (3): 562–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.orthres.2004.11.011">10.1016/j.orthres.2004.11.011</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15885476">15885476</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1011398">1011398</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Orthopaedic+Research&rft.atitle=Proteoglycan+4+%28PRG4%29+synthesis+and+immunolocalization+in+bovine+meniscus&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=562-8&rft.date=2005-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1011398%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15885476&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.orthres.2004.11.011&rft.aulast=Schumacher&rft.aufirst=BL&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+TA&rft.au=Voegtline%2C+MS&rft.au=Chen%2C+AC&rft.au=Sah%2C+RL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIkegawaSanoKoshizukaNakamura2000" class="citation journal cs1">Ikegawa S, Sano M, Koshizuka Y, Nakamura Y (2000). "Isolation, characterization and mapping of the mouse and human PRG4 (proteoglycan 4) genes". <i>Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics</i>. <b>90</b> (3–4): 291–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000056791">10.1159/000056791</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11124536">11124536</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:39376563">39376563</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cytogenetics+and+Cell+Genetics&rft.atitle=Isolation%2C+characterization+and+mapping+of+the+mouse+and+human+PRG4+%28proteoglycan+4%29+genes&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=291-7&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A39376563%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11124536&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1159%2F000056791&rft.aulast=Ikegawa&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Sano%2C+M&rft.au=Koshizuka%2C+Y&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunBergerZhaoAn2006" class="citation journal cs1">Sun Y, Berger EJ, Zhao C, An KN, Amadio PC, Jay G (2006). "Mapping lubricin in canine musculoskeletal tissues". <i>Connective Tissue Research</i>. <b>47</b> (4): 215–21. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03008200600846754">10.1080/03008200600846754</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16987753">16987753</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46582604">46582604</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Connective+Tissue+Research&rft.atitle=Mapping+lubricin+in+canine+musculoskeletal+tissues&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=215-21&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A46582604%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16987753&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03008200600846754&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.au=Berger%2C+EJ&rft.au=Zhao%2C+C&rft.au=An%2C+KN&rft.au=Amadio%2C+PC&rft.au=Jay%2C+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jin_2012-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jin_2012_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jin_2012_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJinEkwallBylundBjörkman2012" class="citation journal cs1">Jin C, Ekwall AK, Bylund J, Björkman L, Estrella RP, Whitelock JM, et al. (October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3476260">"Human synovial lubricin expresses sialyl Lewis x determinant and has L-selectin ligand activity"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>287</b> (43): 35922–33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M112.363119">10.1074/jbc.M112.363119</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3476260">3476260</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22930755">22930755</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Human+synovial+lubricin+expresses+sialyl+Lewis+x+determinant+and+has+L-selectin+ligand+activity&rft.volume=287&rft.issue=43&rft.pages=35922-33&rft.date=2012-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3476260%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22930755&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.M112.363119&rft.aulast=Jin&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Ekwall%2C+AK&rft.au=Bylund%2C+J&rft.au=Bj%C3%B6rkman%2C+L&rft.au=Estrella%2C+RP&rft.au=Whitelock%2C+JM&rft.au=Eisler%2C+T&rft.au=Bokarewa%2C+M&rft.au=Karlsson%2C+NG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3476260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRheeMarcelinoBakerGong2005" class="citation journal cs1">Rhee DK, Marcelino J, Baker M, Gong Y, Smits P, Lefebvre V, et al. (March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC548698">"The secreted glycoprotein lubricin protects cartilage surfaces and inhibits synovial cell overgrowth"</a>. <i>The Journal of Clinical Investigation</i>. <b>115</b> (3): 622–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1172%2FJCI22263">10.1172/JCI22263</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC548698">548698</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15719068">15719068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Clinical+Investigation&rft.atitle=The+secreted+glycoprotein+lubricin+protects+cartilage+surfaces+and+inhibits+synovial+cell+overgrowth&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=622-31&rft.date=2005-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC548698%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15719068&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1172%2FJCI22263&rft.aulast=Rhee&rft.aufirst=DK&rft.au=Marcelino%2C+J&rft.au=Baker%2C+M&rft.au=Gong%2C+Y&rft.au=Smits%2C+P&rft.au=Lefebvre%2C+V&rft.au=Jay%2C+GD&rft.au=Stewart%2C+M&rft.au=Wang%2C+H&rft.au=Warman%2C+ML&rft.au=Carpten%2C+JD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC548698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:22_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZapponeRuthsGreeneJay2007" class="citation journal cs1">Zappone B, Ruths M, Greene GW, Jay GD, Israelachvili JN (March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1796837">"Adsorption, lubrication, and wear of lubricin on model surfaces: polymer brush-like behavior of a glycoprotein"</a>. <i>Biophysical Journal</i>. <b>92</b> (5): 1693–708. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007BpJ....92.1693Z">2007BpJ....92.1693Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1529%2Fbiophysj.106.088799">10.1529/biophysj.106.088799</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1796837">1796837</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17142292">17142292</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Adsorption%2C+lubrication%2C+and+wear+of+lubricin+on+model+surfaces%3A+polymer+brush-like+behavior+of+a+glycoprotein&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1693-708&rft.date=2007-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1796837%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17142292&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1529%2Fbiophysj.106.088799&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007BpJ....92.1693Z&rft.aulast=Zappone&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Ruths%2C+M&rft.au=Greene%2C+GW&rft.au=Jay%2C+GD&rft.au=Israelachvili%2C+JN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1796837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJayLaneSokoloff1992" class="citation journal cs1">Jay GD, Lane BP, Sokoloff L (January 1992). "Characterization of a bovine synovial fluid lubricating factor. III. The interaction with hyaluronic acid". <i>Connective Tissue Research</i>. <b>28</b> (4): 245–55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3109%2F03008209209016818">10.3109/03008209209016818</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1304440">1304440</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Connective+Tissue+Research&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+bovine+synovial+fluid+lubricating+factor.+III.+The+interaction+with+hyaluronic+acid&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=245-55&rft.date=1992-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3109%2F03008209209016818&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1304440&rft.aulast=Jay&rft.aufirst=GD&rft.au=Lane%2C+BP&rft.au=Sokoloff%2C+L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJayWaller2014" class="citation journal cs1">Jay GD, Waller KA (October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.matbio.2014.08.008">"The biology of lubricin: near frictionless joint motion"</a>. <i>Matrix Biology</i>. <b>39</b>: 17–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.matbio.2014.08.008">10.1016/j.matbio.2014.08.008</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25172828">25172828</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Matrix+Biology&rft.atitle=The+biology+of+lubricin%3A+near+frictionless+joint+motion&rft.volume=39&rft.pages=17-24&rft.date=2014-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.matbio.2014.08.008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25172828&rft.aulast=Jay&rft.aufirst=GD&rft.au=Waller%2C+KA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.matbio.2014.08.008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuSchumacherLindleySoloveychik2001" class="citation journal cs1">Su JL, Schumacher BL, Lindley KM, Soloveychik V, Burkhart W, Triantafillou JA, et al. (June 2001). "Detection of superficial zone protein in human and animal body fluids by cross-species monoclonal antibodies specific to superficial zone protein". <i>Hybridoma</i>. <b>20</b> (3): 149–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1089%2F027245701750293475">10.1089/027245701750293475</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11461663">11461663</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hybridoma&rft.atitle=Detection+of+superficial+zone+protein+in+human+and+animal+body+fluids+by+cross-species+monoclonal+antibodies+specific+to+superficial+zone+protein&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=149-57&rft.date=2001-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1089%2F027245701750293475&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11461663&rft.aulast=Su&rft.aufirst=JL&rft.au=Schumacher%2C+BL&rft.au=Lindley%2C+KM&rft.au=Soloveychik%2C+V&rft.au=Burkhart%2C+W&rft.au=Triantafillou%2C+JA&rft.au=Kuettner%2C+K&rft.au=Schmid%2C+T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ali_2014-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_2014_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_2014_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_2014_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAliFlowersJinBennet2014" class="citation journal cs1">Ali L, Flowers SA, Jin C, Bennet EP, Ekwall AK, Karlsson NG (December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4256492">"The O-glycomap of lubricin, a novel mucin responsible for joint lubrication, identified by site-specific glycopeptide analysis"</a>. <i>Molecular & Cellular Proteomics</i>. <b>13</b> (12): 3396–409. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fmcp.M114.040865">10.1074/mcp.M114.040865</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4256492">4256492</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25187573">25187573</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+%26+Cellular+Proteomics&rft.atitle=The+O-glycomap+of+lubricin%2C+a+novel+mucin+responsible+for+joint+lubrication%2C+identified+by+site-specific+glycopeptide+analysis&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=3396-409&rft.date=2014-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4256492%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25187573&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fmcp.M114.040865&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Flowers%2C+SA&rft.au=Jin%2C+C&rft.au=Bennet%2C+EP&rft.au=Ekwall%2C+AK&rft.au=Karlsson%2C+NG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4256492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwannSlayterSilver1981" class="citation journal cs1">Swann DA, Slayter HS, Silver FH (June 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2819%2969297-5">"The molecular structure of lubricating glycoprotein-I, the boundary lubricant for articular cartilage"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>256</b> (11): 5921–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2819%2969297-5">10.1016/S0021-9258(19)69297-5</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7240180">7240180</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=The+molecular+structure+of+lubricating+glycoprotein-I%2C+the+boundary+lubricant+for+articular+cartilage&rft.volume=256&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=5921-5&rft.date=1981-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2819%2969297-5&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7240180&rft.aulast=Swann&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.au=Slayter%2C+HS&rft.au=Silver%2C+FH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0021-9258%252819%252969297-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid27157803-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid27157803_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReesinkBonnevieLiuShurer2016" class="citation journal cs1">Reesink HL, Bonnevie ED, Liu S, Shurer CR, Hollander MJ, Bonassar LJ, Nixon AJ (May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4860590">"Galectin-3 Binds to Lubricin and Reinforces the Lubricating Boundary Layer of Articular Cartilage"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>6</b>: 25463. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...625463R">2016NatSR...625463R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsrep25463">10.1038/srep25463</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4860590">4860590</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27157803">27157803</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Galectin-3+Binds+to+Lubricin+and+Reinforces+the+Lubricating+Boundary+Layer+of+Articular+Cartilage&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=25463&rft.date=2016-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4860590%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27157803&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsrep25463&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016NatSR...625463R&rft.aulast=Reesink&rft.aufirst=HL&rft.au=Bonnevie%2C+ED&rft.au=Liu%2C+S&rft.au=Shurer%2C+CR&rft.au=Hollander%2C+MJ&rft.au=Bonassar%2C+LJ&rft.au=Nixon%2C+AJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4860590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlowersThomssonAliHuang2020" class="citation journal cs1">Flowers SA, Thomsson KA, Ali L, Huang S, Mthembu Y, Regmi SC, et al. (November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7681006">"Decrease of core 2 <i>O-</i>glycans on synovial lubricin in osteoarthritis reduces galectin-3 mediated crosslinking"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>295</b> (47): 16023–16036. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.RA120.012882">10.1074/jbc.RA120.012882</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7681006">7681006</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32928962">32928962</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Decrease+of+core+2+O-glycans+on+synovial+lubricin+in+osteoarthritis+reduces+galectin-3+mediated+crosslinking&rft.volume=295&rft.issue=47&rft.pages=16023-16036&rft.date=2020-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7681006%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32928962&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.RA120.012882&rft.aulast=Flowers&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.au=Thomsson%2C+KA&rft.au=Ali%2C+L&rft.au=Huang%2C+S&rft.au=Mthembu%2C+Y&rft.au=Regmi%2C+SC&rft.au=Holgersson%2C+J&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+TA&rft.au=Rolfson%2C+O&rft.au=Bj%C3%B6rkman%2C+LI&rft.au=Sundqvist%2C+M&rft.au=Karlsson-Bengtsson%2C+A&rft.au=Jay%2C+GD&rft.au=Eisler%2C+T&rft.au=Krawetz%2C+R&rft.au=Karlsson%2C+NG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7681006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cartilage_oligomeric_matrix_protein-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cartilage_oligomeric_matrix_protein_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cartilage_oligomeric_matrix_protein_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlowersKalamajskiAliBjörkman2017" class="citation journal cs1">Flowers SA, Kalamajski S, Ali L, Björkman LI, Raj JR, Aspberg A, et al. (September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.joca.2017.03.016">"Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein forms protein complexes with synovial lubricin via non-covalent and covalent interactions"</a>. <i>Osteoarthritis and Cartilage</i>. <b>25</b> (9): 1496–1504. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.joca.2017.03.016">10.1016/j.joca.2017.03.016</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28373131">28373131</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Osteoarthritis+and+Cartilage&rft.atitle=Cartilage+oligomeric+matrix+protein+forms+protein+complexes+with+synovial+lubricin+via+non-covalent+and+covalent+interactions&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1496-1504&rft.date=2017-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.joca.2017.03.016&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28373131&rft.aulast=Flowers&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.au=Kalamajski%2C+S&rft.au=Ali%2C+L&rft.au=Bj%C3%B6rkman%2C+LI&rft.au=Raj%2C+JR&rft.au=Aspberg%2C+A&rft.au=Karlsson%2C+NG&rft.au=Jin%2C+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.joca.2017.03.016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajWangLiuAli2017" class="citation journal cs1">Raj A, Wang M, Liu C, Ali L, Karlsson NG, Claesson PM, Dėdinaitė A (June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jcis.2017.02.007">"Molecular synergy in biolubrication: The role of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in surface-structuring of lubricin"</a>. <i>Journal of Colloid and Interface Science</i>. <b>495</b>: 200–206. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JCIS..495..200R">2017JCIS..495..200R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jcis.2017.02.007">10.1016/j.jcis.2017.02.007</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28208081">28208081</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Colloid+and+Interface+Science&rft.atitle=Molecular+synergy+in+biolubrication%3A+The+role+of+cartilage+oligomeric+matrix+protein+%28COMP%29+in+surface-structuring+of+lubricin&rft.volume=495&rft.pages=200-206&rft.date=2017-06&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28208081&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jcis.2017.02.007&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017JCIS..495..200R&rft.aulast=Raj&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Wang%2C+M&rft.au=Liu%2C+C&rft.au=Ali%2C+L&rft.au=Karlsson%2C+NG&rft.au=Claesson%2C+PM&rft.au=D%C4%97dinait%C4%97%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.jcis.2017.02.007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJay2004" class="citation journal cs1">Jay GD (October 2004). "Lubricin and surfacing of articular joints". <i>Current Opinion in Orthopaedics</i>. <b>15</b> (5): 355–359. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.bco.0000136127.00043.a8">10.1097/01.bco.0000136127.00043.a8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Orthopaedics&rft.atitle=Lubricin+and+surfacing+of+articular+joints&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=355-359&rft.date=2004-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01.bco.0000136127.00043.a8&rft.aulast=Jay&rft.aufirst=GD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid12441670-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12441670_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJayHarrisCha2001" class="citation journal cs1">Jay GD, Harris DA, Cha CJ (October 2001). "Boundary lubrication by lubricin is mediated by O-linked beta(1-3)Gal-GalNAc oligosaccharides". <i>Glycoconjugate Journal</i>. <b>18</b> (10): 807–15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2Fa%3A1021159619373">10.1023/a:1021159619373</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12441670">12441670</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23192748">23192748</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Glycoconjugate+Journal&rft.atitle=Boundary+lubrication+by+lubricin+is+mediated+by+O-linked+beta%281-3%29Gal-GalNAc+oligosaccharides&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=807-15&rft.date=2001-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23192748%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12441670&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2Fa%3A1021159619373&rft.aulast=Jay&rft.aufirst=GD&rft.au=Harris%2C+DA&rft.au=Cha%2C+CJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidtPlaasSandy2009" class="citation journal cs1">Schmidt TA, Plaas AH, Sandy JD (May 2009). "Disulfide-bonded multimers of proteoglycan 4 PRG4 are present in normal synovial fluids". <i>Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects</i>. <b>1790</b> (5): 375–84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbagen.2009.03.016">10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.03.016</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19332105">19332105</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+Biophysica+Acta+%28BBA%29+-+General+Subjects&rft.atitle=Disulfide-bonded+multimers+of+proteoglycan+4+PRG4+are+present+in+normal+synovial+fluids&rft.volume=1790&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=375-84&rft.date=2009-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.bbagen.2009.03.016&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19332105&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=TA&rft.au=Plaas%2C+AH&rft.au=Sandy%2C+JD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRheeMarcelinoAl-MayoufSchelling2005" class="citation journal cs1">Rhee DK, Marcelino J, Al-Mayouf S, Schelling DK, Bartels CF, Cui Y, et al. (September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M505401200">"Consequences of disease-causing mutations on lubricin protein synthesis, secretion, and post-translational processing"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>280</b> (35): 31325–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M505401200">10.1074/jbc.M505401200</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16000300">16000300</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Consequences+of+disease-causing+mutations+on+lubricin+protein+synthesis%2C+secretion%2C+and+post-translational+processing&rft.volume=280&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=31325-32&rft.date=2005-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.M505401200&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16000300&rft.aulast=Rhee&rft.aufirst=DK&rft.au=Marcelino%2C+J&rft.au=Al-Mayouf%2C+S&rft.au=Schelling%2C+DK&rft.au=Bartels%2C+CF&rft.au=Cui%2C+Y&rft.au=Laxer%2C+R&rft.au=Goldbach-Mansky%2C+R&rft.au=Warman%2C+ML&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.M505401200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadinSwannWeisser1970" class="citation journal cs1">Radin EL, Swann DA, Weisser PA (October 1970). "Separation of a hyaluronate-free lubricating fraction from synovial fluid". <i>Nature</i>. <b>228</b> (5269): 377–8. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970Natur.228..377R">1970Natur.228..377R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F228377a0">10.1038/228377a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5473985">5473985</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1832467">1832467</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Separation+of+a+hyaluronate-free+lubricating+fraction+from+synovial+fluid&rft.volume=228&rft.issue=5269&rft.pages=377-8&rft.date=1970-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F228377a0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1832467%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5473985&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1970Natur.228..377R&rft.aulast=Radin&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.au=Swann%2C+DA&rft.au=Weisser%2C+PA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCreated_with_Biorender.com" class="citation web cs1">Created with Biorender.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biorender.com">"Biorender"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biorender&rft.au=Created+with+Biorender.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiorender.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeSpencer2008" class="citation journal cs1">Lee S, Spencer ND (February 2008). "Materials science. Sweet, hairy, soft, and slippery". <i>Science</i>. <b>319</b> (5863): 575–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1153273">10.1126/science.1153273</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18239111">18239111</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206510494">206510494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Materials+science.+Sweet%2C+hairy%2C+soft%2C+and+slippery&rft.volume=319&rft.issue=5863&rft.pages=575-6&rft.date=2008-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A206510494%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18239111&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1153273&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Spencer%2C+ND&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Gennes1980" class="citation journal cs1">de Gennes PG (September 1980). "Conformations of Polymers Attached to an Interface". <i>Macromolecules</i>. <b>13</b> (5): 1069–1075. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980MaMol..13.1069D">1980MaMol..13.1069D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fma60077a009">10.1021/ma60077a009</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Macromolecules&rft.atitle=Conformations+of+Polymers+Attached+to+an+Interface&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1069-1075&rft.date=1980-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fma60077a009&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1980MaMol..13.1069D&rft.aulast=de+Gennes&rft.aufirst=PG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZapponeGreeneOroudjevJay2008" class="citation journal cs1">Zappone B, Greene GW, Oroudjev E, Jay GD, Israelachvili JN (February 2008). "Molecular aspects of boundary lubrication by human lubricin: effect of disulfide bonds and enzymatic digestion". <i>Langmuir</i>. <b>24</b> (4): 1495–508. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fla702383n">10.1021/la702383n</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18067335">18067335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Langmuir&rft.atitle=Molecular+aspects+of+boundary+lubrication+by+human+lubricin%3A+effect+of+disulfide+bonds+and+enzymatic+digestion&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1495-508&rft.date=2008-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fla702383n&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18067335&rft.aulast=Zappone&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Greene%2C+GW&rft.au=Oroudjev%2C+E&rft.au=Jay%2C+GD&rft.au=Israelachvili%2C+JN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlowersZiebaÖrnrosJin2017" class="citation journal cs1">Flowers SA, Zieba A, Örnros J, Jin C, Rolfson O, Björkman LI, et al. (October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5640667">"Lubricin binds cartilage proteins, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, fibronectin and collagen II at the cartilage surface"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 13149. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatSR...713149F">2017NatSR...713149F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-017-13558-y">10.1038/s41598-017-13558-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5640667">5640667</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29030641">29030641</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Lubricin+binds+cartilage+proteins%2C+cartilage+oligomeric+matrix+protein%2C+fibronectin+and+collagen+II+at+the+cartilage+surface&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=13149&rft.date=2017-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5640667%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29030641&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-017-13558-y&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017NatSR...713149F&rft.aulast=Flowers&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.au=Zieba%2C+A&rft.au=%C3%96rnros%2C+J&rft.au=Jin%2C+C&rft.au=Rolfson%2C+O&rft.au=Bj%C3%B6rkman%2C+LI&rft.au=Eisler%2C+T&rft.au=Kalamajski%2C+S&rft.au=Kamali-Moghaddam%2C+M&rft.au=Karlsson%2C+NG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5640667&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriscoeTitmussTibergThomas2006" class="citation journal cs1">Briscoe WH, Titmuss S, Tiberg F, Thomas RK, McGillivray DJ, Klein J (November 2006). "Boundary lubrication under water". <i>Nature</i>. <b>444</b> (7116): 191–4. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Natur.444..191B">2006Natur.444..191B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature05196">10.1038/nature05196</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17093447">17093447</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4325718">4325718</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Boundary+lubrication+under+water&rft.volume=444&rft.issue=7116&rft.pages=191-4&rft.date=2006-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature05196&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4325718%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17093447&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006Natur.444..191B&rft.aulast=Briscoe&rft.aufirst=WH&rft.au=Titmuss%2C+S&rft.au=Tiberg%2C+F&rft.au=Thomas%2C+RK&rft.au=McGillivray%2C+DJ&rft.au=Klein%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeChoiHwang2018" class="citation journal cs1">Lee Y, Choi J, Hwang NS (2018-03-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5857089">"Regulation of lubricin for functional cartilage tissue regeneration: a review"</a>. <i>Biomaterials Research</i>. <b>22</b>: 9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40824-018-0118-x">10.1186/s40824-018-0118-x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5857089">5857089</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29568558">29568558</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomaterials+Research&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+lubricin+for+functional+cartilage+tissue+regeneration%3A+a+review&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=9&rft.date=2018-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5857089%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29568558&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs40824-018-0118-x&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.au=Choi%2C+J&rft.au=Hwang%2C+NS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5857089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanquyBurdyńskaLeeMatyjaszewski2014" class="citation journal cs1">Banquy X, Burdyńska J, Lee DW, Matyjaszewski K, Israelachvili J (April 2014). "Bioinspired bottle-brush polymer exhibits low friction and Amontons-like behavior". <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. <b>136</b> (17): 6199–202. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja501770y">10.1021/ja501770y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24716507">24716507</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Bioinspired+bottle-brush+polymer+exhibits+low+friction+and+Amontons-like+behavior&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=6199-202&rft.date=2014-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja501770y&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24716507&rft.aulast=Banquy&rft.aufirst=X&rft.au=Burdy%C5%84ska%2C+J&rft.au=Lee%2C+DW&rft.au=Matyjaszewski%2C+K&rft.au=Israelachvili%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiuDedinaiteRutlandThormann2012" class="citation journal cs1">Liu X, Dedinaite A, Rutland M, Thormann E, Visnevskij C, Makuska R, Claesson PM (November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fla3028989">"Electrostatically anchored branched brush layers"</a>. <i>Langmuir</i>. <b>28</b> (44): 15537–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fla3028989">10.1021/la3028989</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23046176">23046176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Langmuir&rft.atitle=Electrostatically+anchored+branched+brush+layers&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=44&rft.pages=15537-47&rft.date=2012-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fla3028989&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23046176&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=X&rft.au=Dedinaite%2C+A&rft.au=Rutland%2C+M&rft.au=Thormann%2C+E&rft.au=Visnevskij%2C+C&rft.au=Makuska%2C+R&rft.au=Claesson%2C+PM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1021%252Fla3028989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Merberg DM et al. (1993) Comparison of vitronectin and megakaryocyte stimulating factor. In Biology of Vitronectins and their Receptors. (Preissner et al., eds) pp45-52 (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid18171967-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid18171967_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaguchiSunZhaoZobitz2008" class="citation journal cs1">Taguchi M, Sun YL, Zhao C, Zobitz ME, Cha CJ, Jay GD, et al. (January 2008). "Lubricin surface modification improves extrasynovial tendon gliding in a canine model in vitro". <i>The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume</i>. <b>90</b> (1): 129–35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2106%2FJBJS.G.00045">10.2106/JBJS.G.00045</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18171967">18171967</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Bone+and+Joint+Surgery.+American+Volume&rft.atitle=Lubricin+surface+modification+improves+extrasynovial+tendon+gliding+in+a+canine+model+in+vitro&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=129-35&rft.date=2008-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2106%2FJBJS.G.00045&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18171967&rft.aulast=Taguchi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Sun%2C+YL&rft.au=Zhao%2C+C&rft.au=Zobitz%2C+ME&rft.au=Cha%2C+CJ&rft.au=Jay%2C+GD&rft.au=An%2C+KN&rft.au=Amadio%2C+PC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid22009294-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid22009294_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangKearneyCheriyanSchmid2011" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang D, Kearney CJ, Cheriyan T, Schmid TM, Spector M (November 2011). "Extracorporeal shockwave-induced expression of lubricin in tendons and septa". <i>Cell and Tissue Research</i>. <b>346</b> (2): 255–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00441-011-1258-7">10.1007/s00441-011-1258-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22009294">22009294</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12089961">12089961</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+and+Tissue+Research&rft.atitle=Extracorporeal+shockwave-induced+expression+of+lubricin+in+tendons+and+septa&rft.volume=346&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=255-62&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12089961%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22009294&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00441-011-1258-7&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Kearney%2C+CJ&rft.au=Cheriyan%2C+T&rft.au=Schmid%2C+TM&rft.au=Spector%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKosinskaLudwigLiebischZhang2015" class="citation journal cs1">Kosinska MK, Ludwig TE, Liebisch G, Zhang R, Siebert HC, Wilhelm J, et al. (2015-05-01). Gualillo O (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4416892">"Articular Joint Lubricants during Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Display Altered Levels and Molecular Species"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>10</b> (5): e0125192. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PLoSO..1025192K">2015PLoSO..1025192K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0125192">10.1371/journal.pone.0125192</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4416892">4416892</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25933137">25933137</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Articular+Joint+Lubricants+during+Osteoarthritis+and+Rheumatoid+Arthritis+Display+Altered+Levels+and+Molecular+Species&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=e0125192&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4416892%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25933137&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0125192&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015PLoSO..1025192K&rft.aulast=Kosinska&rft.aufirst=MK&rft.au=Ludwig%2C+TE&rft.au=Liebisch%2C+G&rft.au=Zhang%2C+R&rft.au=Siebert%2C+HC&rft.au=Wilhelm%2C+J&rft.au=Kaesser%2C+U&rft.au=Dettmeyer%2C+RB&rft.au=Klein%2C+H&rft.au=Ishaque%2C+B&rft.au=Rickert%2C+M&rft.au=Schmitz%2C+G&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+TA&rft.au=Steinmeyer%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4416892&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlqurainiGarguiloD'SouzaZhang2015" class="citation journal cs1">Alquraini A, Garguilo S, D'Souza G, Zhang LX, Schmidt TA, Jay GD, Elsaid KA (December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4672561">"The interaction of lubricin/proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) with toll-like receptors 2 and 4: an anti-inflammatory role of PRG4 in synovial fluid"</a>. <i>Arthritis Research & Therapy</i>. <b>17</b> (1): 353. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13075-015-0877-x">10.1186/s13075-015-0877-x</a></span> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4672561">4672561</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26643105">26643105</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthritis+Research+%26+Therapy&rft.atitle=The+interaction+of+lubricin%2Fproteoglycan+4+%28PRG4%29+with+toll-like+receptors+2+and+4%3A+an+anti-inflammatory+role+of+PRG4+in+synovial+fluid&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=353&rft.date=2015-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4672561%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26643105&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs13075-015-0877-x&rft.aulast=Alquraini&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Garguilo%2C+S&rft.au=D%27Souza%2C+G&rft.au=Zhang%2C+LX&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+TA&rft.au=Jay%2C+GD&rft.au=Elsaid%2C+KA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4672561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudwigMcAllisterLunWiley2012" class="citation journal cs1">Ludwig TE, McAllister JR, Lun V, Wiley JP, Schmidt TA (December 2012). "Diminished cartilage-lubricating ability of human osteoarthritic synovial fluid deficient in proteoglycan 4: Restoration through proteoglycan 4 supplementation". <i>Arthritis and Rheumatism</i>. <b>64</b> (12): 3963–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fart.34674">10.1002/art.34674</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22933061">22933061</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthritis+and+Rheumatism&rft.atitle=Diminished+cartilage-lubricating+ability+of+human+osteoarthritic+synovial+fluid+deficient+in+proteoglycan+4%3A+Restoration+through+proteoglycan+4+supplementation&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=3963-71&rft.date=2012-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fart.34674&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22933061&rft.aulast=Ludwig&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.au=McAllister%2C+JR&rft.au=Lun%2C+V&rft.au=Wiley%2C+JP&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+TA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElsaidFlemingOksendahlMachan2008" class="citation journal cs1">Elsaid KA, Fleming BC, Oksendahl HL, Machan JT, Fadale PD, Hulstyn MJ, et al. (June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789974">"Decreased lubricin concentrations and markers of joint inflammation in the synovial fluid of patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury"</a>. <i>Arthritis and Rheumatism</i>. <b>58</b> (6): 1707–15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fart.23495">10.1002/art.23495</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789974">2789974</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18512776">18512776</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthritis+and+Rheumatism&rft.atitle=Decreased+lubricin+concentrations+and+markers+of+joint+inflammation+in+the+synovial+fluid+of+patients+with+anterior+cruciate+ligament+injury&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1707-15&rft.date=2008-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2789974%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18512776&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fart.23495&rft.aulast=Elsaid&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.au=Fleming%2C+BC&rft.au=Oksendahl%2C+HL&rft.au=Machan%2C+JT&rft.au=Fadale%2C+PD&rft.au=Hulstyn%2C+MJ&rft.au=Shalvoy%2C+R&rft.au=Jay%2C+GD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2789974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJayZackCha2001" class="citation journal cs1">Jay GD, Zack J, Cha C (September 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs1063-4584%2801%2980293-4">"PA41 Traumatized knee joint synovial fluid fails to provide boundary lubrication among emergency department patients"</a>. <i>Osteoarthritis and Cartilage</i>. <b>9</b>: S32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs1063-4584%2801%2980293-4">10.1016/s1063-4584(01)80293-4</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Osteoarthritis+and+Cartilage&rft.atitle=PA41+Traumatized+knee+joint+synovial+fluid+fails+to+provide+boundary+lubrication+among+emergency+department+patients&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=S32&rft.date=2001-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs1063-4584%2801%2980293-4&rft.aulast=Jay&rft.aufirst=GD&rft.au=Zack%2C+J&rft.au=Cha%2C+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fs1063-4584%252801%252980293-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidtSullivanKnopRichards2013" class="citation journal cs1">Schmidt TA, Sullivan DA, Knop E, Richards SM, Knop N, Liu S, et al. (June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3887468">"Transcription, translation, and function of lubricin, a boundary lubricant, at the ocular surface"</a>. <i>JAMA Ophthalmology</i>. <b>131</b> (6): 766–76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjamaophthalmol.2013.2385">10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.2385</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3887468">3887468</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23599181">23599181</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA+Ophthalmology&rft.atitle=Transcription%2C+translation%2C+and+function+of+lubricin%2C+a+boundary+lubricant%2C+at+the+ocular+surface&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=766-76&rft.date=2013-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3887468%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23599181&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjamaophthalmol.2013.2385&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=TA&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+DA&rft.au=Knop%2C+E&rft.au=Richards%2C+SM&rft.au=Knop%2C+N&rft.au=Liu%2C+S&rft.au=Sahin%2C+A&rft.au=Darabad%2C+RR&rft.au=Morrison%2C+S&rft.au=Kam%2C+WR&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+BD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3887468&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambiaseSullivanSchmidtSullivan2017" class="citation journal cs1">Lambiase A, Sullivan BD, Schmidt TA, Sullivan DA, Jay GD, Truitt ER, et al. (January 2017). "A Two-Week, Randomized, Double-masked Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Lubricin (150 μg/mL) Eye Drops Versus Sodium Hyaluronate (HA) 0.18% Eye Drops (Vismed®) in Patients with Moderate Dry Eye Disease". <i>The Ocular Surface</i>. <b>15</b> (1): 77–87. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jtos.2016.08.004">10.1016/j.jtos.2016.08.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27614318">27614318</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Ocular+Surface&rft.atitle=A+Two-Week%2C+Randomized%2C+Double-masked+Study+to+Evaluate+Safety+and+Efficacy+of+Lubricin+%28150+%CE%BCg%2FmL%29+Eye+Drops+Versus+Sodium+Hyaluronate+%28HA%29+0.18%25+Eye+Drops+%28Vismed%C2%AE%29+in+Patients+with+Moderate+Dry+Eye+Disease&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=77-87&rft.date=2017-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jtos.2016.08.004&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27614318&rft.aulast=Lambiase&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+BD&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+TA&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+DA&rft.au=Jay%2C+GD&rft.au=Truitt%2C+ER&rft.au=Bruscolini%2C+A&rft.au=Sacchetti%2C+M&rft.au=Mantelli%2C+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahabriSuwairiLaxerPolinkovsky1998" class="citation journal cs1">Bahabri SA, Suwairi WM, Laxer RM, Polinkovsky A, Dalaan AA, Warman ML (April 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F1529-0131%28199804%2941%3A4%3C730%3A%3AAID-ART22%3E3.0.CO%3B2-Y">"The camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome: clinical features and genetic mapping to human chromosome 1"</a>. <i>Arthritis and Rheumatism</i>. <b>41</b> (4): 730–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F1529-0131%28199804%2941%3A4%3C730%3A%3AAID-ART22%3E3.0.CO%3B2-Y">10.1002/1529-0131(199804)41:4<730::AID-ART22>3.0.CO;2-Y</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9550484">9550484</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthritis+and+Rheumatism&rft.atitle=The+camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa+vara-pericarditis+syndrome%3A+clinical+features+and+genetic+mapping+to+human+chromosome+1&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=730-5&rft.date=1998-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F1529-0131%28199804%2941%3A4%3C730%3A%3AAID-ART22%3E3.0.CO%3B2-Y&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9550484&rft.aulast=Bahabri&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.au=Suwairi%2C+WM&rft.au=Laxer%2C+RM&rft.au=Polinkovsky%2C+A&rft.au=Dalaan%2C+AA&rft.au=Warman%2C+ML&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252F1529-0131%2528199804%252941%253A4%253C730%253A%253AAID-ART22%253E3.0.CO%253B2-Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorawietzGehrkeFrommeltGratze2003" class="citation journal cs1">Morawietz L, Gehrke T, Frommelt L, Gratze P, Bosio A, Möller J, et al. (July 2003). "Differential gene expression in the periprosthetic membrane: lubricin as a new possible pathogenetic factor in prosthesis loosening". <i>Virchows Archiv</i>. <b>443</b> (1): 57–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00428-003-0818-y">10.1007/s00428-003-0818-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12783322">12783322</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22232515">22232515</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virchows+Archiv&rft.atitle=Differential+gene+expression+in+the+periprosthetic+membrane%3A+lubricin+as+a+new+possible+pathogenetic+factor+in+prosthesis+loosening&rft.volume=443&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=57-66&rft.date=2003-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22232515%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12783322&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00428-003-0818-y&rft.aulast=Morawietz&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Gehrke%2C+T&rft.au=Frommelt%2C+L&rft.au=Gratze%2C+P&rft.au=Bosio%2C+A&rft.au=M%C3%B6ller%2C+J&rft.au=Gerstmayer%2C+B&rft.au=Krenn%2C+V&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiuLuXuYang2004" class="citation journal cs1">Liu YJ, Lu SH, Xu B, Yang RC, Ren Q, Liu B, et al. (June 2004). "Hemangiopoietin, a novel human growth factor for the primitive cells of both hematopoietic and endothelial cell lineages". <i>Blood</i>. <b>103</b> (12): 4449–56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood-2003-06-1825">10.1182/blood-2003-06-1825</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14976050">14976050</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2103324">2103324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blood&rft.atitle=Hemangiopoietin%2C+a+novel+human+growth+factor+for+the+primitive+cells+of+both+hematopoietic+and+endothelial+cell+lineages&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=4449-56&rft.date=2004-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2103324%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14976050&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1182%2Fblood-2003-06-1825&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=YJ&rft.au=Lu%2C+SH&rft.au=Xu%2C+B&rft.au=Yang%2C+RC&rft.au=Ren%2C+Q&rft.au=Liu%2C+B&rft.au=Li%2C+B&rft.au=Lu%2C+M&rft.au=Yan%2C+FY&rft.au=Han%2C+ZB&rft.au=Han%2C+ZC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeausoleilJedrychowskiSchwartzElias2004" class="citation journal cs1">Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villén J, Li J, et al. (August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC514446">"Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>101</b> (33): 12130–5. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PNAS..10112130B">2004PNAS..10112130B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0404720101">10.1073/pnas.0404720101</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC514446">514446</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15302935">15302935</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Large-scale+characterization+of+HeLa+cell+nuclear+phosphoproteins&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=33&rft.pages=12130-5&rft.date=2004-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC514446%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15302935&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0404720101&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004PNAS..10112130B&rft.aulast=Beausoleil&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.au=Jedrychowski%2C+M&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+D&rft.au=Elias%2C+JE&rft.au=Vill%C3%A9n%2C+J&rft.au=Li%2C+J&rft.au=Cohn%2C+MA&rft.au=Cantley%2C+LC&rft.au=Gygi%2C+SP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC514446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Haan2005" class="citation journal cs1">de Haan G (February 2005). "A novel growth factor encoded by an old gene". <i>Haematologica</i>. <b>90</b> (2): 152. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15710563">15710563</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haematologica&rft.atitle=A+novel+growth+factor+encoded+by+an+old+gene&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=152&rft.date=2005-02&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15710563&rft.aulast=de+Haan&rft.aufirst=G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRheeMarcelinoAl-MayoufSchelling2005" class="citation journal cs1">Rhee DK, Marcelino J, Al-Mayouf S, Schelling DK, Bartels CF, Cui Y, et al. (September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M505401200">"Consequences of disease-causing mutations on lubricin protein synthesis, secretion, and post-translational processing"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>280</b> (35): 31325–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M505401200">10.1074/jbc.M505401200</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16000300">16000300</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Consequences+of+disease-causing+mutations+on+lubricin+protein+synthesis%2C+secretion%2C+and+post-translational+processing&rft.volume=280&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=31325-32&rft.date=2005-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.M505401200&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16000300&rft.aulast=Rhee&rft.aufirst=DK&rft.au=Marcelino%2C+J&rft.au=Al-Mayouf%2C+S&rft.au=Schelling%2C+DK&rft.au=Bartels%2C+CF&rft.au=Cui%2C+Y&rft.au=Laxer%2C+R&rft.au=Goldbach-Mansky%2C+R&rft.au=Warman%2C+ML&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.M505401200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiuQianGritsenkoCamp2006" class="citation journal cs1">Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, Camp DG, Monroe ME, Moore RJ, Smith RD (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1850943">"Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry"</a>. <i>Journal of Proteome Research</i>. <b>4</b> (6): 2070–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fpr0502065">10.1021/pr0502065</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1850943">1850943</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16335952">16335952</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Proteome+Research&rft.atitle=Human+plasma+N-glycoproteome+analysis+by+immunoaffinity+subtraction%2C+hydrazide+chemistry%2C+and+mass+spectrometry&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=2070-80&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1850943%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16335952&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fpr0502065&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Qian%2C+WJ&rft.au=Gritsenko%2C+MA&rft.au=Camp%2C+DG&rft.au=Monroe%2C+ME&rft.au=Moore%2C+RJ&rft.au=Smith%2C+RD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1850943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlazamiAl-MayoufWyngaardMeyer2006" class="citation journal cs1">Alazami AM, Al-Mayouf SM, Wyngaard CA, Meyer B (February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fhumu.9399">"Novel PRG4 mutations underlie CACP in Saudi families"</a>. <i>Human Mutation</i>. <b>27</b> (2): 213. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fhumu.9399">10.1002/humu.9399</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16429407">16429407</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21403617">21403617</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Mutation&rft.atitle=Novel+PRG4+mutations+underlie+CACP+in+Saudi+families&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=213&rft.date=2006-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A21403617%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16429407&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fhumu.9399&rft.aulast=Alazami&rft.aufirst=AM&rft.au=Al-Mayouf%2C+SM&rft.au=Wyngaard%2C+CA&rft.au=Meyer%2C+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fhumu.9399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangJohnsonHsuSpector2007" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang D, Johnson LJ, Hsu HP, Spector M (July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjor.20344">"Cartilaginous deposits in subchondral bone in regions of exposed bone in osteoarthritis of the human knee: histomorphometric study of PRG4 distribution in osteoarthritic cartilage"</a>. <i>Journal of Orthopaedic Research</i>. <b>25</b> (7): 873–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjor.20344">10.1002/jor.20344</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17343281">17343281</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6804891">6804891</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Orthopaedic+Research&rft.atitle=Cartilaginous+deposits+in+subchondral+bone+in+regions+of+exposed+bone+in+osteoarthritis+of+the+human+knee%3A+histomorphometric+study+of+PRG4+distribution+in+osteoarthritic+cartilage&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=873-83&rft.date=2007-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6804891%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17343281&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjor.20344&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Johnson%2C+LJ&rft.au=Hsu%2C+HP&rft.au=Spector%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjor.20344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJayTorresWarmanLaderer2007" class="citation journal cs1">Jay GD, Torres JR, Warman ML, Laderer MC, Breuer KS (April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1851076">"The role of lubricin in the mechanical behavior of synovial fluid"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>104</b> (15): 6194–9. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PNAS..104.6194J">2007PNAS..104.6194J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0608558104">10.1073/pnas.0608558104</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1851076">1851076</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17404241">17404241</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=The+role+of+lubricin+in+the+mechanical+behavior+of+synovial+fluid&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=6194-9&rft.date=2007-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1851076%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17404241&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0608558104&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007PNAS..104.6194J&rft.aulast=Jay&rft.aufirst=GD&rft.au=Torres%2C+JR&rft.au=Warman%2C+ML&rft.au=Laderer%2C+MC&rft.au=Breuer%2C+KS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1851076&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProteoglycan+4" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&singleSearch=knownCanonical&position=PRG4"><i>PRG4</i></a> human gene location in the <a href="/wiki/UCSC_Genome_Browser" title="UCSC Genome Browser">UCSC Genome Browser</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGene?db=hg38&hgg_type=knownGene&hgg_gene=PRG4"><i>PRG4</i></a> human gene details in the <a href="/wiki/UCSC_Genome_Browser" title="UCSC Genome Browser">UCSC Genome Browser</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Growth factor receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Growth factor receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Growth factor receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Growth_factor_receptor" title="Growth factor receptor">Growth factor receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_receptor" title="Angiopoietin receptor">Angiopoietin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_1" title="Angiopoietin 1">Angiopoietin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiopoietin 4">Angiopoietin 4</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiopoietin 2">Angiopoietin 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angiopoietin_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angiopoietin 3 (page does not exist)">Angiopoietin 3</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebastinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebastinib">Rebastinib</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Evinacumab" title="Evinacumab">Evinacumab</a> (against angiopoietin 3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesvacumab" title="Nesvacumab">Nesvacumab</a> (against angiopoietin 2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_neurotrophic_factor_receptor" title="Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor">CNTF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Axokine" class="mw-redirect" title="Axokine">Axokine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_neurotrophic_factor_receptor" title="Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor">CNTF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dapiclermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dapiclermin (page does not exist)">Dapiclermin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor" title="Epidermal growth factor receptor">EGF (ErbB)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor" title="Epidermal growth factor receptor">EGF<br /><small>(ErbB1/HER1)</small></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Amphiregulin" title="Amphiregulin">Amphiregulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betacellulin" title="Betacellulin">Betacellulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor" title="Epidermal growth factor">EGF (urogastrone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigen" title="Epigen">Epigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiregulin" title="Epiregulin">Epiregulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparin-binding_EGF-like_growth_factor" title="Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor">Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murodermin" title="Murodermin">Murodermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepidermin" title="Nepidermin">Nepidermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Transforming growth factor alpha">Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Afatinib" title="Afatinib">Afatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigatinib" title="Brigatinib">Brigatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canertinib" title="Canertinib">Canertinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacomitinib" title="Dacomitinib">Dacomitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlotinib" title="Erlotinib">Erlotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefitinib" title="Gefitinib">Gefitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandinin" title="Grandinin">Grandinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icotinib" title="Icotinib">Icotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapatinib" title="Lapatinib">Lapatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neratinib" title="Neratinib">Neratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osimertinib" title="Osimertinib">Osimertinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHI-P_154&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WHI-P 154 (page does not exist)">WHI-P 154</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cetuximab" title="Cetuximab">Cetuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Depatuxizumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Depatuxizumab (page does not exist)">Depatuxizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depatuxizumab_mafodotin" title="Depatuxizumab mafodotin">Depatuxizumab mafodotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuximab" title="Futuximab">Futuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imgatuzumab" title="Imgatuzumab">Imgatuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matuzumab" title="Matuzumab">Matuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necitumumab" title="Necitumumab">Necitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimotuzumab" title="Nimotuzumab">Nimotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panitumumab" title="Panitumumab">Panitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalutumumab" title="Zalutumumab">Zalutumumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/HER2/neu" class="mw-redirect" title="HER2/neu">ErbB2/HER2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <i>Unknown/none</i></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ertumaxomab" title="Ertumaxomab">Ertumaxomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertuzumab" title="Pertuzumab">Pertuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab" title="Trastuzumab">Trastuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab_deruxtecan" title="Trastuzumab deruxtecan">Trastuzumab deruxtecan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trastuzumab_duocarmazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trastuzumab duocarmazine (page does not exist)">Trastuzumab duocarmazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastuzumab_emtansine" title="Trastuzumab emtansine">Trastuzumab emtansine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Afatinib" title="Afatinib">Afatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapatinib" title="Lapatinib">Lapatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubritinib" title="Mubritinib">Mubritinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neratinib" title="Neratinib">Neratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucatinib" title="Tucatinib">Tucatinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/HER3" class="mw-redirect" title="HER3">ErbB3/HER3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Neuregulin" title="Neuregulin">Neuregulins (heregulins)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neuregulin-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuregulin-1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG2" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/CSPG5" title="CSPG5">6 (neuroglycan C)</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Duligotumab" class="mw-redirect" title="Duligotumab">Duligotumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patritumab" title="Patritumab">Patritumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seribantumab" title="Seribantumab">Seribantumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/HER4" class="mw-redirect" title="HER4">ErbB4/HER4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Betacellulin" title="Betacellulin">Betacellulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigen" title="Epigen">Epigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparin-binding_EGF-like_growth_factor" title="Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor">Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuregulin" title="Neuregulin">Neuregulins (heregulins)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neuregulin-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuregulin-1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG2" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG3" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRG4" class="mw-redirect" title="NRG4">4</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomoregulin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomoregulin (page does not exist)">5 (tomoregulin, TMEFF)</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor">FGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_1" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1">FGFR1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF3" title="FGF3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF5" title="FGF5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF6" title="FGF6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF10" title="FGF10">10 (KGF2)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF20" title="FGF20">20</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repifermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repifermin (page does not exist)">Repifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpercatinib" title="Selpercatinib">Selpercatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velafermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velafermin (page does not exist)">Velafermin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_2" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2">FGFR2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF3" title="FGF3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF5" title="FGF5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF6" title="FGF6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF7" title="FGF7">7</a> (<a href="/wiki/Keratinocyte_growth_factor" title="Keratinocyte growth factor">KGF</a>), <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF9" title="FGF9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF10" title="FGF10">10 (KGF2)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF17" title="FGF17">17</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF18" title="FGF18">18</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF22" title="FGF22">22</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palifermin" title="Palifermin">Palifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repifermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repifermin (page does not exist)">Repifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpercatinib" title="Selpercatinib">Selpercatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprifermin" title="Sprifermin">Sprifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aprutumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aprutumab (page does not exist)">Aprutumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aprutumab_ixadotin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aprutumab ixadotin (page does not exist)">Aprutumab ixadotin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Infigratinib" title="Infigratinib">Infigratinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_3" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3">FGFR3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF9" title="FGF9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF18" title="FGF18">18</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF23" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF23">23</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selpercatinib" title="Selpercatinib">Selpercatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprifermin" title="Sprifermin">Sprifermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Burosumab" title="Burosumab">Burosumab</a> (against FGF23)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_4" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4">FGFR4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersofermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersofermin (page does not exist)">Ersofermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor" title="Fibroblast growth factor">FGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/FGF1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF2">2 (bFGF)</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF4" title="FGF4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF6" title="FGF6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF8" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF9" title="FGF9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGF19" title="FGF19">19</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafermin" title="Trafermin">Trafermin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/FGF15/19" title="FGF15/19">FGF15/19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_growth_factor_receptor" title="Hepatocyte growth factor receptor">HGF (c-Met)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Fosgonimeton" title="Fosgonimeton">Fosgonimeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_growth_factor" title="Hepatocyte growth factor">Hepatocyte growth factor</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Potentiators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dihexa" title="Dihexa">Dihexa (PNB-0408)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AM7_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AM7 (drug) (page does not exist)">AM7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMG-458&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AMG-458 (page does not exist)">AMG-458</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amuvatinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amuvatinib (page does not exist)">Amuvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMS-777607&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMS-777607 (page does not exist)">BMS-777607</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabozantinib" title="Cabozantinib">Cabozantinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capmatinib" title="Capmatinib">Capmatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crizotinib" title="Crizotinib">Crizotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foretinib" title="Foretinib">Foretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golvatinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golvatinib (page does not exist)">Golvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=INCB28060&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INCB28060 (page does not exist)">INCB28060</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JNJ-38877605&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JNJ-38877605 (page does not exist)">JNJ-38877605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MK-2461&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MK-2461 (page does not exist)">MK-2461</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-04217903&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-04217903 (page does not exist)">PF-04217903</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-2341066&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-2341066 (page does not exist)">PF-2341066</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PHA-665752&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PHA-665752 (page does not exist)">PHA-665752</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SU-11274&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SU-11274 (page does not exist)">SU-11274</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivantinib" title="Tivantinib">Tivantinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volitinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Volitinib">Volitinib</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Emibetuzumab" title="Emibetuzumab">Emibetuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ficlatuzumab" title="Ficlatuzumab">Ficlatuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanvotumab" title="Flanvotumab">Flanvotumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onartuzumab" title="Onartuzumab">Onartuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilotumumab" title="Rilotumumab">Rilotumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telisotuzumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telisotuzumab (page does not exist)">Telisotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telisotuzumab_vedotin" title="Telisotuzumab vedotin">Telisotuzumab vedotin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Somatomedin_receptor" title="Somatomedin receptor">IGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor">IGF-1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Des(1-3)IGF-1" title="Des(1-3)IGF-1">des(1-3)IGF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1">Insulin-like growth factor-1 (somatomedin C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGF-1_LR3" title="IGF-1 LR3">IGF-1 LR3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2">Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">Insulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecasermin" title="Mecasermin">Mecasermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecasermin_rinfabate" title="Mecasermin rinfabate">Mecasermin rinfabate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=BMS-754807&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMS-754807 (page does not exist)">BMS-754807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linsitinib" title="Linsitinib">Linsitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NVP-ADW742&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NVP-ADW742 (page does not exist)">NVP-ADW742</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NVP-AEW541&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NVP-AEW541 (page does not exist)">NVP-AEW541</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSl-906&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSl-906 (page does not exist)">OSl-906</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=AVE-1642&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AVE-1642 (page does not exist)">AVE-1642</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixutumumab" title="Cixutumumab">Cixutumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalotuzumab" title="Dalotuzumab">Dalotuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figitumumab" title="Figitumumab">Figitumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganitumab" title="Ganitumab">Ganitumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robatumumab" title="Robatumumab">Robatumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R1507&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R1507 (page does not exist)">R1507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teprotumumab" title="Teprotumumab">Teprotumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xentuzumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xentuzumab (page does not exist)">Xentuzumab</a> (against IGF-1 and IGF-2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor">IGF-2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists</i>: <a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2">Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dusigitumab" title="Dusigitumab">Dusigitumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xentuzumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xentuzumab (page does not exist)">Xentuzumab</a> (against IGF-1 and IGF-2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Binding proteins:</i> <a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor-binding_protein" title="Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein">IGFBP</a> (<a href="/wiki/IGFBP1" title="IGFBP1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP2" title="IGFBP2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP3" title="IGFBP3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP4" title="IGFBP4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP5" title="IGFBP5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP6" title="IGFBP6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGFBP7" title="IGFBP7">7</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Cleavage products/derivatives with unknown target:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glypromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glypromate (page does not exist)">Glypromate (GPE, (1-3)IGF-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trofinetide" title="Trofinetide">Trofinetide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Low-affinity_nerve_growth_factor_receptor" title="Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor">LNGF (p75<sup>NTR</sup>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Brain-derived neurotrophic factor">BDNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-27" title="BNN-27">BNN-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenegermin" title="Cenegermin">Cenegermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_growth_factor" title="Nerve growth factor">NGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-3" title="Neurotrophin-3">NT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-4" title="Neurotrophin-4">NT-4</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ALE-0540&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALE-0540 (page does not exist)">ALE-0540</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EVT-901&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EVT-901 (page does not exist)">EVT-901 (SAR-127963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">Testosterone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-110 (page does not exist)">ABT-110 (PG110)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASP-6294&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASP-6294 (page does not exist)">ASP-6294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasinumab" title="Fasinumab">Fasinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunevetmab" title="Frunevetmab">Frunevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulranumab" title="Fulranumab">Fulranumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MEDI-578&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEDI-578 (page does not exist)">MEDI-578</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranevetmab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranevetmab (page does not exist)">Ranevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanezumab" title="Tanezumab">Tanezumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Aptamers:</i> <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=RBM-004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RBM-004 (page does not exist)">RBM-004</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=LEVI-04&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LEVI-04 (page does not exist)">LEVI-04 (p75<sup>NTR</sup>-Fc)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor_receptor" title="Platelet-derived growth factor receptor">PDGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Becaplermin" title="Becaplermin">Becaplermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor" title="Platelet-derived growth factor">Platelet-derived growth factor</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDGFA" title="PDGFA">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDGFB" title="PDGFB">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDGFC" title="PDGFC">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDGFD" title="PDGFD">D</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avapritinib" title="Avapritinib">Avapritinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crenolanib" title="Crenolanib">Crenolanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imatinib" title="Imatinib">Imatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenvatinib" title="Lenvatinib">Lenvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masitinib" title="Masitinib">Masitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motesanib" title="Motesanib">Motesanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintedanib" title="Nintedanib">Nintedanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radotinib" title="Radotinib">Radotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quizartinib" title="Quizartinib">Quizartinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripretinib" title="Ripretinib">Ripretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Olaratumab" title="Olaratumab">Olaratumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramucirumab" title="Ramucirumab">Ramucirumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tovetumab" title="Tovetumab">Tovetumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/RET_proto-oncogene" title="RET proto-oncogene">RET (GFL)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B11" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα1">GFRα1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Glial_cell_line-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor">Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liatermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liatermin (page does not exist)">Liatermin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B12" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα2">GFRα2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Neurturin" title="Neurturin">Neurturin (NRTN)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B13" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα3">GFRα3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Artemin" title="Artemin">Artemin (ARTN)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GFR%CE%B14" class="mw-redirect" title="GFRα4">GFRα4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Persephin" title="Persephin">Persephin (PSPN)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CD117" class="mw-redirect" title="CD117">SCF (c-Kit)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ancestim" title="Ancestim">Ancestim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_factor" title="Stem cell factor">Stem cell factor</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasatinib" title="Dasatinib">Dasatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imatinib" title="Imatinib">Imatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masitinib" title="Masitinib">Masitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilotinib" title="Nilotinib">Nilotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quizartinib" title="Quizartinib">Quizartinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_beta_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Transforming growth factor beta receptor">TGFβ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:TGF%CE%B2_receptor_superfamily_modulators" title="Template:TGFβ receptor superfamily modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Trk_receptor" title="Trk receptor">Trk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TrkA_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="TrkA receptor">TrkA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-27" title="BNN-27">BNN-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenegermin" title="Cenegermin">Cenegermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambogic_amide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gambogic amide (page does not exist)">Gambogic amide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_growth_factor" title="Nerve growth factor">NGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavilermide" title="Tavilermide">Tavilermide</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ALE-0540&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALE-0540 (page does not exist)">ALE-0540</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FX007" class="mw-redirect" title="FX007">FX007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">Testosterone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Negative allosteric modulators:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=VM-902A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VM-902A (page does not exist)">VM-902A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-6918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-6918 (page does not exist)">AZD-6918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CH-7057288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CH-7057288 (page does not exist)">CH-7057288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-6051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-6051 (page does not exist)">DS-6051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GZ-389988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZ-389988 (page does not exist)">GZ-389988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milciclib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milciclib (page does not exist)">Milciclib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4474 (page does not exist)">ONO-4474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-5390556&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-5390556 (page does not exist)">ONO-5390556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLX-7486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLX-7486 (page does not exist)">PLX-7486</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebastinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebastinib">Rebastinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SNA-120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SNA-120 (page does not exist)">SNA-120 (pegylated K252a)</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <i>Against TrkA:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=GBR-900&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GBR-900 (page does not exist)">GBR-900</a>; <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-110 (page does not exist)">ABT-110 (PG110)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASP-6294&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASP-6294 (page does not exist)">ASP-6294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasinumab" title="Fasinumab">Fasinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunevetmab" title="Frunevetmab">Frunevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulranumab" title="Fulranumab">Fulranumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MEDI-578&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEDI-578 (page does not exist)">MEDI-578</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranevetmab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranevetmab (page does not exist)">Ranevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanezumab" title="Tanezumab">Tanezumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Aptamers:</i> <i>Against NGF:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=RBM-004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RBM-004 (page does not exist)">RBM-004</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ReN-1820&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ReN-1820 (page does not exist)">ReN-1820 (TrkAd5)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TrkB_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="TrkB receptor">TrkB</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=3,7-Dihydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3,7-Dihydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">3,7-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3,7,8,2%27-Tetrahydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3,7,8,2'-Tetrahydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">3,7,8,2'-THF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone" class="mw-redirect" title="4'-Dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone">4'-DMA-7,8-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7,3%E2%80%B2-Dihydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7,3′-Dihydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">7,3'-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7,8-Dihydroxyflavone" class="mw-redirect" title="7,8-Dihydroxyflavone">7,8-DHF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7,8,2%27-Trihydroxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7,8,2'-Trihydroxyflavone (page does not exist)">7,8,2'-THF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7,8,3%27-Trihydroxyflavone" title="7,8,3'-Trihydroxyflavone">7,8,3'-THF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor" title="Brain-derived neurotrophic factor">BDNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deoxygedunin" title="Deoxygedunin">Deoxygedunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deprenyl" title="Deprenyl">Deprenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diosmetin" title="Diosmetin">Diosmetin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DMAQ-B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DMAQ-B1 (page does not exist)">DMAQ-B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIOC" title="HIOC">HIOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LM22A-4" title="LM22A-4">LM22A-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Acetylserotonin" title="N-Acetylserotonin">N-Acetylserotonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-3" title="Neurotrophin-3">NT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-4" title="Neurotrophin-4">NT-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwogonin" title="Norwogonin">Norwogonin (5,7,8-THF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R7_(drug)" title="R7 (drug)">R7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R13_(drug)" title="R13 (drug)">R13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TDP6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TDP6 (page does not exist)">TDP6</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/ANA-12" title="ANA-12">ANA-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclotraxin_B" title="Cyclotraxin B">Cyclotraxin B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossypetin" title="Gossypetin">Gossypetin (3,5,7,8,3',4'-HHF)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Ligands:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-6918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-6918 (page does not exist)">AZD-6918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CH-7057288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CH-7057288 (page does not exist)">CH-7057288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-6051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-6051 (page does not exist)">DS-6051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GZ-389988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZ-389988 (page does not exist)">GZ-389988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4474 (page does not exist)">ONO-4474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-5390556&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-5390556 (page does not exist)">ONO-5390556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLX-7486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLX-7486 (page does not exist)">PLX-7486</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TrkC_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="TrkC receptor">TrkC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/BNN-20" title="BNN-20">BNN-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrophin-3" title="Neurotrophin-3">NT-3</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-6918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-6918 (page does not exist)">AZD-6918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CE-245677&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CE-245677 (page does not exist)">CE-245677</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CH-7057288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CH-7057288 (page does not exist)">CH-7057288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-6051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-6051 (page does not exist)">DS-6051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrectinib" title="Entrectinib">Entrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GZ-389988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GZ-389988 (page does not exist)">GZ-389988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K252a" title="K252a">K252a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larotrectinib" title="Larotrectinib">Larotrectinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4474 (page does not exist)">ONO-4474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-5390556&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-5390556 (page does not exist)">ONO-5390556</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PLX-7486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PLX-7486 (page does not exist)">PLX-7486</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor">VEGF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Placental_growth_factor" title="Placental growth factor">Placental growth factor (PGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripretinib" title="Ripretinib">Ripretinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telbermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telbermin (page does not exist)">Telbermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor">VEGF</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_A" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor A">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_B" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor B">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_C" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor C">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor_D" class="mw-redirect" title="Vascular endothelial growth factor D">D (FIGF)</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Allosteric modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cyclotraxin_B" title="Cyclotraxin B">Cyclotraxin B</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altiratinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altiratinib (page does not exist)">Altiratinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axitinib" title="Axitinib">Axitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabozantinib" title="Cabozantinib">Cabozantinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cediranib" title="Cediranib">Cediranib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruquintinib" title="Fruquintinib">Fruquintinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapatinib" title="Lapatinib">Lapatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenvatinib" title="Lenvatinib">Lenvatinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motesanib" title="Motesanib">Motesanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintedanib" title="Nintedanib">Nintedanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazopanib" title="Pazopanib">Pazopanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegaptanib" title="Pegaptanib">Pegaptanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebastinib" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebastinib">Rebastinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regorafenib" title="Regorafenib">Regorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaxanib" title="Semaxanib">Semaxanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toceranib" title="Toceranib">Toceranib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivozanib" title="Tivozanib">Tivozanib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandetanib" title="Vandetanib">Vandetanib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHI-P_154&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WHI-P 154 (page does not exist)">WHI-P 154</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alacizumab_pegol" title="Alacizumab pegol">Alacizumab pegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevacizumab" title="Bevacizumab">Bevacizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icrucumab" title="Icrucumab">Icrucumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramucirumab" title="Ramucirumab">Ramucirumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranibizumab" title="Ranibizumab">Ranibizumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Aflibercept" title="Aflibercept">Aflibercept</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Additional growth factors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Adrenomedullin" title="Adrenomedullin">Adrenomedullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony-stimulating_factor" title="Colony-stimulating factor">Colony-stimulating factors</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue_growth_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Connective tissue growth factor">Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrin" title="Ephrin">Ephrins</a> (<a href="/wiki/EFNA1" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA1">A1</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA2" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA2">A2</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA3" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA3">A3</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA4" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA4">A4</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNA5" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNA5">A5</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNB1" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNB1">B1</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNB2" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNB2">B2</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFNB3" class="mw-redirect" title="EFNB3">B3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythropoietin" title="Erythropoietin">Erythropoietin</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_isomerase" title="Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase">Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI; PGI, PHI, AMF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glia_maturation_factor" title="Glia maturation factor">Glia maturation factor (GMF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatoma-derived_growth_factor" title="Hepatoma-derived growth factor">Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin" title="Interleukin">Interleukins</a>/<a href="/wiki/T-cell_growth_factor" title="T-cell growth factor">T-cell growth factors</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukemia_inhibitory_factor" title="Leukemia inhibitory factor">Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrophage-stimulating_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrophage-stimulating protein">Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP; HLP, HGFLP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midkine" title="Midkine">Midkine (NEGF2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration-stimulating_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration-stimulating factor">Migration-stimulating factor (MSF; PRG4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncomodulin" title="Oncomodulin">Oncomodulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituitary_adenylate_cyclase-activating_peptide" title="Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide">Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiotrophin" title="Pleiotrophin">Pleiotrophin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renalase" title="Renalase">Renalase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombopoietin" title="Thrombopoietin">Thrombopoietin</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wnt_signaling_pathway" title="Wnt signaling pathway">Wnt signaling proteins</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Additional growth factor receptor modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cerebrolysin" title="Cerebrolysin">Cerebrolysin</a> (neurotrophin mixture)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&oldid=1254957571">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&oldid=1254957571</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Genes_on_human_chromosome_1" title="Category:Genes on human chromosome 1">Genes on human chromosome 1</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Proteoglycans" title="Category:Proteoglycans">Proteoglycans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Extracellular_matrix_proteins" title="Category:Extracellular matrix proteins">Extracellular matrix proteins</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 November 2024, at 13:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proteoglycan_4&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-jvw68","wgBackendResponseTime":128,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.960","walltime":"1.379","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3508,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":273314,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":524,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":229268,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":18,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1097.187 1 -total"," 39.29% 431.109 1 Template:Infobox_gene"," 26.92% 295.406 1 Template:Reflist"," 25.35% 278.101 53 Template:Cite_journal"," 10.79% 118.391 6 Template:Navbox"," 10.53% 115.550 1 Template:Growth_factor_receptor_modulators"," 10.23% 112.202 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.72% 62.746 2 Template:Pagetype"," 2.61% 28.637 3 Template:Main_other"," 2.52% 27.693 1 Template:UCSC_genome_browser"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.608","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7467177,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-6696b4cc84-qtlhq","timestamp":"20241122161051","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Proteoglycan 4","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proteoglycan_4","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q18035131","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q18035131","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-12-20T12:12:10Z","dateModified":"2024-11-02T13:32:05Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d6\/Ideogram_human_chromosome_1.svg","headline":"protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens"}</script> </body> </html>