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accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Oudste_vormen_van_leven" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oudste_vormen_van_leven"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Oudste vormen van leven</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oudste_vormen_van_leven-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kolonies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kolonies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kolonies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kolonies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celdifferentiatie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celdifferentiatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Celdifferentiatie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celdifferentiatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meercellige_soorten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meercellige_soorten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Meercellige soorten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meercellige_soorten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Meercellig organisme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 70 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vielzeller" title="Vielzeller – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Vielzeller" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="متعددة الخلايا – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="متعددة الخلايا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1" title="বহুকোষী জীৱ – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বহুকোষী জীৱ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Многоклетъчно – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Многоклетъчно" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC" title="বহুকোষী জীব – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বহুকোষী জীব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevedeg_lieskellig" title="Bevedeg lieskellig – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bevedeg lieskellig" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme_pluricel%C2%B7lular" title="Organisme pluricel·lular – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Organisme pluricel·lular" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daghang-selyulang_organismo" title="Daghang-selyulang organismo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Daghang-selyulang organismo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnohobun%C4%9B%C4%8Dnost" title="Mnohobuněčnost – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mnohobuněčnost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organeb_amlgellog" title="Organeb amlgellog – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Organeb amlgellog" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vielzeller" title="Vielzeller – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vielzeller" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%8D%CF%84%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Πολυκύτταρος οργανισμός – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολυκύτταρος οργανισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicellular_organism" title="Multicellular organism – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Multicellular organism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plur%C4%89elulo" title="Plurĉelulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plurĉelulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo_pluricelular" title="Organismo pluricelular – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Organismo pluricelular" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulkrakne_organism" title="Hulkrakne organism – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hulkrakne organism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo_zelulaniztun" title="Organismo zelulaniztun – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Organismo zelulaniztun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="جانداران چندسلولی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جانداران چندسلولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monisoluinen_eli%C3%B6" title="Monisoluinen eliö – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Monisoluinen eliö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme_multicellulaire" title="Organisme multicellulaire – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organisme multicellulaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo_pluricelular" title="Organismo pluricelular – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Organismo pluricelular" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B4-se-p%C3%A2u_s%C3%A2ng-vu%CC%8Dt" title="Tô-se-pâu sâng-vu̍t – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tô-se-pâu sâng-vu̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%91-%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="רב-תאיים – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רב-תאיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5" title="बहुकोशिकीय जीव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बहुकोशिकीय जीव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C5%A1estani%C4%8Dni_organizmi" title="Višestanični organizmi – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Višestanični organizmi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6bbsejt%C5%B1ek" title="Többsejtűek – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Többsejtűek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme_multiseluler" title="Organisme multiseluler – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Organisme multiseluler" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fj%C3%B6lfrumungur" title="Fjölfrumungur – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fjölfrumungur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo_pluricellulare" title="Organismo pluricellulare – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Organismo pluricellulare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="多細胞生物 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="多細胞生物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მრავალუჯრედიანი ორგანიზმები – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მრავალუჯრედიანი ორგანიზმები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amuddir_agtakwat" title="Amuddir agtakwat – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Amuddir agtakwat" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BF_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Көп жасушалы ағзалар – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көп жасушалы ағзалар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="다세포 생물 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다세포 생물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firexaney%C3%AE" title="Firexaneyî – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Firexaneyî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BF_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Көп клеткалуулар – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көп клеткалуулар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicellulare" title="Multicellulare – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Multicellulare" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daugial%C4%85stis_organizmas" title="Daugialąstis organizmas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Daugialąstis organizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daudz%C5%A1%C5%ABnu_organisms" title="Daudzšūnu organisms – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Daudzšūnu organisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Многуклеточен организам – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Многуклеточен организам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5" title="बहुपेशीय सजीव – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बहुपेशीय सजीव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisma_multisel" title="Organisma multisel – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Organisma multisel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleircella_organisme" title="Fleircella organisme – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fleircella organisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgaanizimii_seelhedduu" title="Orgaanizimii seelhedduu – Afaan Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Orgaanizimii seelhedduu" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Afaan Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5" title="ਬਹੁਕੋਸ਼ੀ ਜੀਵ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਹੁਕੋਸ਼ੀ ਜੀਵ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizm_wielokom%C3%B3rkowy" title="Organizm wielokomórkowy – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Organizm wielokomórkowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%85%D9%88_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="څو حجروي ارګانیزم – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="څو حجروي ارګانیزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo_multicelular" title="Organismo multicelular – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Organismo multicelular" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism_multicelular" title="Organism multicelular – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Organism multicelular" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Многоклеточный организм – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Многоклеточный организм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C5%A1e%C4%87elijski_organizam" title="Višećelijski organizam – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Višećelijski organizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9B%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9D" title="බහුසෛලීය ජීවියෝ – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බහුසෛලීය ජීවියෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicellular_organism" title="Multicellular organism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Multicellular organism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnohobunkov%C3%BD_organizmus" title="Mnohobunkový organizmus – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mnohobunkový organizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnogoceli%C4%8Dar" title="Mnogoceličar – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mnogoceličar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C5%A1e%C4%87elijski_organizam" title="Višećelijski organizam – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Višećelijski organizam" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flercellig_organism" title="Flercellig organism – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Flercellig organism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A3_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="బహుకణ జీవులు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బహుకణ జీవులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="สิ่งมีชีวิตหลายเซลล์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สิ่งมีชีวิตหลายเซลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismong_multiselular" title="Organismong multiselular – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Organismong multiselular" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ok_h%C3%BCcreli_canl%C4%B1" title="Çok hücreli canlı – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çok hücreli canlı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Багатоклітинні організми – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Багатоклітинні організми" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AB%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کثیرخلیائی جاندار – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کثیرخلیائی جاندار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinh_v%E1%BA%ADt_%C4%91a_b%C3%A0o" title="Sinh vật đa bào – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sinh vật đa bào" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicellular" title="Multicellular – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Multicellular" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="多细胞生物 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="多细胞生物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ბრელთოლამი ორგანიზმეფი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბრელთოლამი ორგანიზმეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="多細胞生物 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="多細胞生物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/To-s%C3%A8-pau_seng-bu%CC%8Dt" title="To-sè-pau seng-bu̍t – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="To-sè-pau seng-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="多細胞生物 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="多細胞生物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36458#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Pediastrum.jpg/260px-Pediastrum.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Pediastrum.jpg/390px-Pediastrum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Pediastrum.jpg/520px-Pediastrum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="586" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coenobium" title="Coenobium">Coenobium</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Algen" title="Algen">alg</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pediastrum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pediastrum (de pagina bestaat niet)">Pediastrum</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Plagiomnium_affine_laminazellen.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Plagiomnium_affine_laminazellen.jpeg/260px-Plagiomnium_affine_laminazellen.jpeg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Plagiomnium_affine_laminazellen.jpeg/390px-Plagiomnium_affine_laminazellen.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Plagiomnium_affine_laminazellen.jpeg/520px-Plagiomnium_affine_laminazellen.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Bladcellen van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sterremos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sterremos (de pagina bestaat niet)">sterremos</a> (<i>Plagiomnium affine</i>) met <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">chloroplasten</a> en <a href="/wiki/Celwand" title="Celwand">celwanden</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Een <b>meercellig organisme</b> is een <a href="/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme">organisme</a> dat uit meer dan één <a href="/wiki/Cel_(biologie)" title="Cel (biologie)">cel</a> bestaat. Cellen zijn klein; bijna alle soorten organismen die <a href="/wiki/Macroscopische_schaal" title="Macroscopische schaal">met het blote oog</a> waarneembaar zijn, zijn meercellig. Meercellige organismen omvatten alle <a href="/wiki/Landplant" class="mw-redirect" title="Landplant">landplanten</a> (Embryophyta), het gehele <a href="/wiki/Dieren_(biologie)" title="Dieren (biologie)">dierenrijk (Animalia)</a>, de meeste <a href="/wiki/Schimmels" title="Schimmels">schimmels</a> (Fungi) en vele <a href="/wiki/Soort" title="Soort">soorten</a> <a href="/wiki/Algen" title="Algen">algen</a> (Algae). Meercelligen zijn <a href="/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">eukaryoot</a>: hun cellen hebben ieder een <a href="/wiki/Celkern" title="Celkern">celkern</a> waarin het - gedurende de <a href="/wiki/Evolutie_(biologie)" title="Evolutie (biologie)">evolutie</a> gevormde - <a href="/wiki/Genoom" title="Genoom">erfelijk materiaal</a> van de soort grotendeels ligt opgeslagen. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oudste_vormen_van_leven">Oudste vormen van leven</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meercellig_organisme&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Oudste vormen van leven" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meercellig_organisme&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Oudste vormen van leven"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De eerste vormen van leven waren <a href="/wiki/Eencellige" title="Eencellige">eencellige</a> <a href="/wiki/Prokaryoten" title="Prokaryoten">prokaryote</a> organismen, waarvan het <a href="/wiki/Genoom" title="Genoom">erfelijk materiaal</a> in het <a href="/wiki/Cytoplasma" title="Cytoplasma">cytoplasma</a> van de cel ligt. Pas veel later, zo'n 600 miljoen jaar geleden, ontstonden in de <a href="/wiki/Evolutie_(biologie)" title="Evolutie (biologie)">evolutie</a> <i>meer</i>cellige, eukaryote organismen.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kolonies">Kolonies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meercellig_organisme&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kolonies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meercellig_organisme&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kolonies"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De eerste <i>groepen</i> van eencellige organismen waren <a href="/wiki/Kolonie_(biologie)" title="Kolonie (biologie)">kolonies of aggregaties</a>: ophopingen van identieke, <i>prokaryote</i> cellen, zonder of met maar weinig specialisatie (taakverdeling) tussen de cellen, en meestal zonder kenmerkende vorm. Een iets verdere mate van ontwikkeling heeft het <a href="/wiki/Coenobium" title="Coenobium">coenobium</a>, een groep van cellen, die een bepaald, min of meer vast aantal cellen omvat, die onderling echter nog steeds weinig tot geen specialisatie vertonen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Celdifferentiatie">Celdifferentiatie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meercellig_organisme&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Celdifferentiatie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meercellig_organisme&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Celdifferentiatie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Later in de evolutie kregen verschillende cellen binnen een kolonie verschillende taken (<a href="/wiki/Celdifferentiatie" title="Celdifferentiatie">celdifferentiatie</a>), en ontstonden de eerste meercellige <i>eukaryote</i> soorten organismen, die zich, dankzij het in de celkern aanwezige erfelijke materiaal, ook als meercellig organisme konden <a href="/wiki/Voortplanting_(biologie)" title="Voortplanting (biologie)">voortplanten (vermeerderen)</a>, en die voor de verschillende <a href="/wiki/Levensverrichting" title="Levensverrichting">levensfuncties</a> gespecialiseerde <a href="/wiki/Orgaan" title="Orgaan">organen</a> vormden. Verdere specialisatie heeft er gedurende de evolutie uiteindelijk toe geleid dat zeer complexe, meercellige organismen zoals <a href="/wiki/Orchidee%C3%ABnfamilie" title="Orchideeënfamilie">orchideeën</a> en <a href="/wiki/Zoogdieren" title="Zoogdieren">zoogdieren</a> konden ontstaan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meercellige_soorten">Meercellige soorten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meercellig_organisme&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Meercellige soorten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meercellig_organisme&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Meercellige soorten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De grootste groepen van <a href="/wiki/Soort" title="Soort">soorten</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Supergroep_(biologie)" title="Supergroep (biologie)">supergroepen</a>, zijn vooral prokaryote en eukaryote <i>eencellige</i> soorten. Belangrijke meercellige groepen van organismen zijn de <a href="/wiki/Dieren_(biologie)" title="Dieren (biologie)">dieren</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Schimmels" title="Schimmels">schimmels</a> (die beide gerekend worden tot de <a href="/wiki/Unikonta" title="Unikonta">Unikonta</a>), en de <a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" title="Embryophyta">landplanten</a> (behorend tot de <a href="/wiki/Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a>). Daarnaast zijn er ook verschillende soorten meercellige <a href="/wiki/Algen" title="Algen">algen</a>, zoals bij de <a href="/wiki/Groenwieren" title="Groenwieren">groenwieren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roodwieren" title="Roodwieren">roodwieren</a> en <a href="/wiki/Bruinwieren" title="Bruinwieren">bruinwieren</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;background-color:lavenderblush;font-size:95%;line-height:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" style="font-size:120%;line-height:140%;"><a href="/wiki/Levenscyclus_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Levenscyclus (hoofdbetekenis)">Biologische levenscycli</a> van <a class="mw-selflink selflink">meercellige organismen</a> met <a href="/wiki/Geslachtelijke_voortplanting" title="Geslachtelijke voortplanting">geslachtelijke voortplanting</a> </th></tr> <tr style="border-top:double thick navy;font-size:110%;letter-spacing:3px;"> <th colspan="2" style="border-right:solid teal;"> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Kernfasewisseling" title="Kernfasewisseling">Cytologische kernfasewisseling</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-right:solid teal;"><a href="/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme">Organisme</a> type → </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Haplont" title="Haplont">Haplont</a></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Diplont" title="Diplont">Diplont</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diplohaplont" title="Diplohaplont"><b>Diplohaplont</b> = <b>Haplodiplont</b></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:paleturquoise;"> <td colspan="2" style="border-right:solid teal;"><a href="/wiki/Kernfase" title="Kernfase">Kernfase</a> en<br /><a href="/wiki/Kernfasewisseling" title="Kernfasewisseling">kernfasewisseling</a> → </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haplofase" title="Haplofase">Haplofase</a>,<br />Haplofasisch </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diplofase" title="Diplofase">Diplofase</a>,<br />Diplofasisch </td> <td>Haplofase ↔ Diplofase afwisselend,<br />Diplohaplofasisch = Heterofasisch </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:khaki;border-bottom:double thick navy;"> <td colspan="2" style="border-right:solid teal;"><a href="/wiki/Meiose_(voortplanting)" title="Meiose (voortplanting)">Meiose moment</a> → </td> <td>Zygotisch </td> <td>Gametisch </td> <td>Sporisch = Intermediair </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" style="font-size:110%;letter-spacing:3px;background-color:papayawhip;"><a href="/wiki/Generatiewisseling" title="Generatiewisseling">Morfo-<br />logische<br /><br />generatie-<br />wisseling</a> </th> <td style="background-color:papayawhip;border-right:solid teal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Monogenetische_cyclus" title="Monogenetische cyclus">Monogenetisch:</a></b><br />(monofasisch) → </td> <td><i>Monogenetische<br />haplont</i> </td> <td><i>Monogenetische<br />diplont</i> </td> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:papayawhip;border-right:solid teal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Digenetische_cyclus" title="Digenetische cyclus">Digenetisch:</a></b><br />(difasisch) → </td> <th> </th> <td><i>Digenetische<br />diplont</i> </td> <td><i>Digenetische diplohaplonten</i> <table class="vatop" style="font-variant:small-caps;" align="center"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:lightyellow;"> <td rowspan="2" style="border:dotted thin gray;"><a href="/wiki/Isomorfie_(levenscyclus)" title="Isomorfie (levenscyclus)">Isomorf</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border:dotted thin gray;">↓ Heteromorf ↓ </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:lemonchiffon;"> <td style="border:dotted thin gray;"><a href="/wiki/Isosporie" title="Isosporie">isospoor</a> </td> <td style="border:dotted thin gray;"><a href="/wiki/Heterosporie" title="Heterosporie">heterospoor</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:papayawhip;border-right:solid teal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Trigenetische_cyclus" title="Trigenetische cyclus">Trigenetisch:</a></b><br />(trifasisch) → </td> <th> </th> <th> </th> <td><i>Trigenetische diplohaplont</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Er is bij meercellige organismen een grote variatie in <a href="/wiki/Levenscyclus" title="Levenscyclus">levenscycli</a>. <a href="/wiki/Groei_(fysiologie)" title="Groei (fysiologie)">Groei en ontwikkeling</a> van een meercelling individu kan plaatsvinden in de <a href="/wiki/Haplofase" title="Haplofase">haploïde fase</a> maar ook in de <a href="/wiki/Diplofase" title="Diplofase">diploïde fase</a> van de levenscyclus of ook in beide. Zo kunnen er in de levenscyclus van een meercellig organisme een of meer afwisselende <a href="/wiki/Generatie_(biologie)" title="Generatie (biologie)">generaties</a> voorkomen. </p> <dl><dd>Voorbeelden: bij <a href="/wiki/Dieren_(biologie)" title="Dieren (biologie)">dieren</a> komt alleen een diploïde generatie voor, doordat voortplantingscellen (zaadcellen en eicel) de enige haploïde cellen zijn in de levenscyclus, daarbuiten zijn alle cellen diploïde. Dieren worden gerekend tot de digenetische diplonten.</dd> <dd>Bij planten, met name bij <a href="/wiki/Varens" title="Varens">varens</a> en bij <a href="/wiki/Mossen" title="Mossen">mossen</a>, wisselen een haploïde en een diploïde generatie elkaar goed herkenbaar af. Deze planten zijn digenetische diplohaplonten. Bij zaadplanten, waar dit ook zo is, is dat slecht met een <a href="/wiki/Microscoop" title="Microscoop">microscoop</a> goed waarneembaar.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meercellig_organisme&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meercellig_organisme&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68175564">.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst ul,.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst li,.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst dd{margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0.1em;page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-0 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst li,html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-0 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst dd{line-height:1.5714285em}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst li,html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst dd{line-height:1.6em}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-2 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst li,html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-2 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst dd{line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .kolommen-lijst{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst figure{break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst{clear:both}}</style><div class="kolommen-lijst" style="column-width:18em; column-count:4; max-width:75em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apoptose" title="Apoptose">Apoptose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambrische_Explosie" title="Cambrische Explosie">Cambrische Explosie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ediacarische_biota" title="Ediacarische biota">Ediacarische biota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extracellulaire_vloeistof" title="Extracellulaire vloeistof">Extracellulaire vloeistof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercellulaire_communicatie" title="Intercellulaire communicatie">Intercellulaire communicatie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichaam_(biologie)" title="Lichaam (biologie)">Lichaam (biologie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponzen" title="Sponzen">Sponzen</a></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Hoofdindeling_van_Eukaryoten"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_eukaryoten" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie eukaryoten"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nl:Overleg_sjabloon:Navigatie_eukaryoten" title="Overleg sjabloon"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_eukaryoten&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Hoofdindeling_van_Eukaryoten" class="navigatie-titel">Hoofdindeling van <a href="/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">Eukaryoten</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <div style="background: var(--navigatie-titelbalkkleur,#ddeef8);"><b>Indeling in <a href="/wiki/Domein_(biologie)" title="Domein (biologie)">domeinen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Supergroep_(biologie)" title="Supergroep (biologie)">supergroepen</a>:</b></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="links" style="width:9em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bacteri%C3%ABn" title="Bacteriën">Bacteria</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts">(met ongeveer 9 <a href="/wiki/Stam_(biologie)" title="Stam (biologie)">stammen</a>)</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">Archaea</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts">(met ongeveer 5 stammen)</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">Eukaryota</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Unikonta" title="Unikonta">Unikonta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Excavata" title="Excavata">Excavata</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bikonta" title="Bikonta">Bikonta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chromalveolata" title="Chromalveolata">Chromalveolata</a> · <a href="/wiki/Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="background: var(--navigatie-titelbalkkleur,#ddeef8);"><b>Verouderde indeling in <a href="/wiki/Rijk_(biologie)" title="Rijk (biologie)">rijken</a>:</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67785531"><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="links" style="width:9em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Rijk_(biologie)" title="Rijk (biologie)">Rijken</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Dieren_(biologie)" title="Dieren (biologie)">dieren (Animalia)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Planten" title="Planten">planten (Plantae)</a> · (<a href="/wiki/Algen" title="Algen">algen</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Schimmels" title="Schimmels">schimmels (Fungi)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Protisten" title="Protisten">protisten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Monera" title="Monera">moneren (prokaryoten)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2014"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140924211827.htm">Fossil of ancient multicellular life sets evolutionary timeline back 60 million years</a>. ScienceDaily (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2014-09-24">24 september 2014</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140925092713/http://www.sciencedaily.com:80/releases/2014/09/140924211827.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2014-09-25">25 september 2014</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2014-09-25">25 september 2014</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meercellig_organisme&oldid=68399744">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meercellig_organisme&oldid=68399744</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Organisme" title="Categorie:Organisme">Organisme</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Morfologie_(biologie)" title="Categorie:Morfologie (biologie)">Morfologie (biologie)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 18 nov 2024 om 21:07.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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