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<span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_&_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_&_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Science & technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_&_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Trade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Declarations_and_communiqué" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Declarations_and_communiqué"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Declarations and communiqué</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Declarations_and_communiqué-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Declarations and communiqué subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Declarations_and_communiqué-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Delhi_agenda_for_cooperation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Delhi_agenda_for_cooperation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>New Delhi agenda for cooperation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Delhi_agenda_for_cooperation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Nations_reforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Nations_reforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>United Nations reforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Nations_reforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peace_and_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peace_and_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Peace and security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peace_and_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Social development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cape_Town_ministerial_communiqué" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cape_Town_ministerial_communiqué"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Cape Town ministerial communiqué</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cape_Town_ministerial_communiqué-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Millennium_review_summit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Millennium_review_summit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Millennium review summit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Millennium_review_summit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Partnership_for_Africa's_Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Partnership_for_Africa's_Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>New Partnership for Africa's Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Partnership_for_Africa's_Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_and_South_American_integration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_and_South_American_integration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Latin and South American integration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_and_South_American_integration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_trade_organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_trade_organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4</span> <span>World trade organisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_trade_organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IBSA_sectoral_cooperation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IBSA_sectoral_cooperation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.5</span> <span>IBSA sectoral cooperation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IBSA_sectoral_cooperation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IBSA_facility_for_hunger_and_poverty_alleviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IBSA_facility_for_hunger_and_poverty_alleviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.6</span> <span>IBSA facility for hunger and poverty alleviation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IBSA_facility_for_hunger_and_poverty_alleviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rio_de_Janeiro_ministerial_communiqué" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rio_de_Janeiro_ministerial_communiqué"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Rio de Janeiro ministerial communiqué</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rio_de_Janeiro_ministerial_communiqué-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Nations_reforms_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Nations_reforms_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>United Nations reforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Nations_reforms_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-proliferation,_disarmament_and_arms_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-proliferation,_disarmament_and_arms_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Non-proliferation, disarmament and arms control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-proliferation,_disarmament_and_arms_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.3</span> <span>International trade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IBSA_facility_fund_for_hunger_and_poverty_alleviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IBSA_facility_fund_for_hunger_and_poverty_alleviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.4</span> <span>IBSA facility fund for hunger and poverty alleviation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IBSA_facility_fund_for_hunger_and_poverty_alleviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IBSA_sectoral_cooperation_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IBSA_sectoral_cooperation_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.5</span> <span>IBSA sectoral cooperation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IBSA_sectoral_cooperation_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IBSA_trade_and_investment_forum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IBSA_trade_and_investment_forum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.6</span> <span>IBSA trade and investment forum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IBSA_trade_and_investment_forum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agreements_and_Memorandum_of_Understanding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agreements_and_Memorandum_of_Understanding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Agreements and Memorandum of Understanding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agreements_and_Memorandum_of_Understanding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BRICS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BRICS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>BRICS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BRICS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/IBAS_-_G3.png/300px-IBAS_-_G3.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/IBAS_-_G3.png/450px-IBAS_-_G3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/IBAS_-_G3.png/600px-IBAS_-_G3.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IBSA-leaders-2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/IBSA-leaders-2011.jpg/300px-IBSA-leaders-2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/IBSA-leaders-2011.jpg/450px-IBSA-leaders-2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/IBSA-leaders-2011.jpg/600px-IBSA-leaders-2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Pretoria (South Africa) – <a href="/wiki/Dilma_Rousseff" title="Dilma Rousseff">Dilma Rousseff</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">President of Brazil</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President of South Africa</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a>), pose for photo</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>IBSA Dialogue Forum</b> (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><b>I</b>ndia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><b>B</b>razil</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><b>S</b>outh <b>A</b>frica</a>) is an international tripartite grouping for promoting <a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">international cooperation</a> among these countries. It represents three important poles for galvanizing <a href="/wiki/South%E2%80%93South_cooperation" title="South–South cooperation">South–South cooperation</a> and greater understanding between three important continents of the developing world namely, Africa, Asia, and South America. The forum provides the three countries with a platform to engage in discussions for cooperation in the field of agriculture, trade, culture, and defence among others. </p><p>The IBSA Dialogue Forum plays an increasingly important role in the foreign policies of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Brazil" title="Foreign relations of Brazil">Brazil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Africa" title="Foreign relations of South Africa">South Africa</a>. It has become instrumental for promoting ever closer coordination on global issues between three large multicultural and multiracial democracies of Asia, South America and Africa, and contributed to enhancing trilateral India-Brazil-South Africa cooperation in sectoral areas. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the co-operation between India (South Asia), Brazil (South America), and South Africa (Africa). The Declaration at the trilateral meeting in <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>, called for removing protectionist policies and trade distorting practices by improving the multilateral trade system. </p><p>On 6 June 2003, <a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Sinha" title="Yashwant Sinha">Yashwant Sinha</a> (External affairs minister of India), <a href="/wiki/Celso_Amorim" title="Celso Amorim">Celso Amorim</a> (Foreign minister of Brazil) and <a href="/wiki/Nkosazana_Dlamini-Zuma" title="Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma">Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma</a> (Foreign minister of South Africa) met in Brasilia, where the IBSA Dialogue forum was formalized through the adoption of the "Brasilia Declaration".<sup id="cite_ref-aboutibsa_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutibsa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IBSA Dialogue forum facilitates regular consultations at senior officials level, government (summit) levels as well as amongst academics, intellectuals and other members of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">civil society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aboutibsa_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutibsa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By some experts, it is also seen as an endeavor to challenge the international system by Pivotal Middle Powers through peaceful convincing, instead of other means.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brasilia_Declaration">Brasilia Declaration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Brasilia Declaration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IBSA-leaders.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/IBSA-leaders.jpg/250px-IBSA-leaders.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/IBSA-leaders.jpg/375px-IBSA-leaders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/IBSA-leaders.jpg/500px-IBSA-leaders.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3506" data-file-height="2337" /></a><figcaption>Indian PM <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> with South African President <a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a> and Brazilian President <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a> during the IBSA Summit, 2007.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 6 June 2003, the Brasilia Declaration was signed by the foreign ministers of India, Brazil and South Africa. They agreed on the urgent need for reforms in the United Nations, especially the <a href="/wiki/Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Security Council">Security Council</a>. The declaration was of the view that the United Nations Security Council should reflect the current world scenario. It also touched upon the subjects of <a href="/wiki/International_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="International terrorism">international terrorism</a>, trans-national crime and illegal arms dealing, stating that such threats to international peace must effectively tackled with respect for the sovereignty of States and for International Law.<sup id="cite_ref-brasilia_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brasilia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ministers highlighted their priorities on promotion of social equity and inclusive growth by reiterating the need for tackling hunger and poverty by means of effective implementation of government schemes. The declaration also highlights the need for promoting family-run farms, <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food security</a>, health, education, human rights and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">environmental protection</a>. They recalled that social empowerment makes better use of human potential, contributing to economic development in a significant manner.<sup id="cite_ref-brasilia_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brasilia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ministers also stressed the importance of elimination of <a href="/wiki/Racial_discrimination" title="Racial discrimination">racial discrimination</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gender_bias" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender bias">gender bias</a> while framing <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>While welcoming the benefits that have been achieved through <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a> and free market trade in the developing countries, the ministers expressed their concerns that a large part of the world has not benefited from it. In this context, they reiterated their commitment to pursue and implement policies which are inclusive, integrative and equitable. Toward this end, they reaffirmed their stand to carry out negotiations on <a href="/wiki/Doha_Development_Round" title="Doha Development Round">Doha round of talks</a>, through which the developed countries might eliminate some of their protectionist and trade-distorting practices, thereby providing a level playing field for the developing countries in the field of international trade.<sup id="cite_ref-brasilia_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brasilia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ministers recommended to their respective Chiefs of State and/or Government the convening of a summit-level meeting of the three countries. They also decided to further intensify dialogue at all levels, when needed, to organize meetings of top officials and experts responsible for issues of mutual interest. They agreed to hold regular meetings and dialogues on issues of common interest. They further agreed to establish a Trilateral Joint Commission. The Foreign Ministries will be the pivots of the Trilateral Joint Commission and the meetings will be co-chaired by the three Foreign Ministers. The secretariat facilities shall be coordinated by the Secretary in charge of this area in the Foreign Ministry of the host country.<sup id="cite_ref-brasilia_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brasilia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Objectives">Objectives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Objectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IBSA Dialogue Forum aims to promote South-South cooperation and build consensus on issues of international importance. It also aims at increasing the trade opportunities among the three countries, as well as facilitate the trilateral exchange of information, technologies and skills to complement each other strengths. Subsequently, it promotes the international <a href="/wiki/Poverty_alleviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty alleviation">poverty alleviation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">social development</a> with main focus being on equitable development. It also aims to explore avenues to promote cooperation in broad range of areas, which include agriculture, <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>/global warming, culture, <a href="/wiki/Defense_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense (military)">defence</a>, education, energy, health, <a href="/wiki/Information_society" title="Information society">information society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science,_technology_and_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Science, technology and society">science and technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">social development</a>, trade and investment, tourism and transport.<sup id="cite_ref-aboutibsa_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutibsa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="IBSA_summits">IBSA summits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: IBSA summits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Date</th> <th>Host country</th> <th>Host leader</th> <th>Location held </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_IBSA_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 IBSA summit (page does not exist)">2006</a></td> <td>September, 2006</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Brazil"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a></td> <td>Brasilia </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_IBSA_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 IBSA summit (page does not exist)">2007</a></td> <td>October, 2007</td> <td><span data-sort-value="South Africa"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a></td> <td>Pretoria </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_IBSA_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 IBSA summit (page does not exist)">2008</a></td> <td>October, 2008</td> <td><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></td> <td>New Delhi </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_IBSA_summit" title="2010 IBSA summit">2010</a></td> <td>15 April 2010</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Brazil"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a></td> <td>Brasília </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_IBSA_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 IBSA summit (page does not exist)">2011</a></td> <td>18 October 2011</td> <td><span data-sort-value="South Africa"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a></td> <td>Pretoria </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_IBSA_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 IBSA summit (page does not exist)">2013</a></td> <td>16 May 2013 (canceled)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></td> <td>New Delhi </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_IBSA_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2017 IBSA summit (page does not exist)">2017</a></td> <td>17 October 2017</td> <td><span data-sort-value="South Africa"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maite_Nkoana-Mashabane" title="Maite Nkoana-Mashabane">Maite Nkoana-Mashabane</a></td> <td>Durban </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Areas_of_cooperation">Areas of cooperation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Areas of cooperation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Joint Development Project has been undertaken in <a href="/wiki/Guinea_Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea Bissau">Guinea Bissau</a>. It aims to improve production, promote and develop small-scale agro-industry. It also seeks to improve and diversify horticultural crops. IBSA Ministers of Agriculture met in Rome on 22 November 2005 on the margins of a <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a> Conference. This was followed by a meeting of IBSA Senior Officials in Agriculture in New Delhi on 18 & 19 January 2006. The meeting discussed a preparation of a draft <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_Understanding" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorandum of Understanding">Memorandum of Understanding</a> which provides for development of plans for research and capacity building.<sup id="cite_ref-areacoop_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-areacoop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The three countries have recognised Education as a vital instrument for achieving social equity. India is the lead country in the education sector.<sup id="cite_ref-areacoop_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-areacoop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three major areas of cooperation have been identified for collaboration namely, Open and <a href="/wiki/Distance_education" title="Distance education">distance education</a>, higher and professional education and finally, universal education with focus on <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender equality</a>. Each of the three countries are to host one Round Table conference on one of the themes. India chose universal education, Brazil chose higher and professional education while South Africa chose open and distance education.<sup id="cite_ref-areacoop_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-areacoop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The working group aims to promote clean and efficient sources of energy such as <a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">bio-fuels</a>. It also gives an opportunity to exchange information about renewable energy and use of <a href="/wiki/Non-conventional_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-conventional energy">non-conventional energy</a> sources.<sup id="cite_ref-areacoop_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-areacoop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_&_technology"><span id="Science_.26_technology"></span>Science & technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Science & technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Science & technology has been identified as one of the key areas of tri-lateral cooperation. The following is a list of approved areas of research cooperation and the corresponding lead countries: </p> <ul><li>HIV/AIDS and <a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">Nanotechnology</a>- India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">Malaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oceanography" title="Oceanography">Oceanography</a>- Brazil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a>- South Africa</li></ul> <p>Activities in each area are implemented by Area coordinators, who are experts in their respective disciplines. Workshops in the above-mentioned disciplines have been held in the three countries regularly.<sup id="cite_ref-areacoop_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-areacoop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade">Trade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IBSA economic ministers met in New Delhi in March 2005 and agreed on a mechanism to identify and eliminate non-tariff barriers which impede mutual trade.<sup id="cite_ref-areacoop_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-areacoop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the mechanisms considered include customs cooperation, sharing of expertise in the field of energy, agriculture, <a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">food processing</a>, tourism and financial and banking services. It has been decided to promote cooperation in the <a href="/wiki/Small_and_medium_enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Small and medium enterprise">SME</a> sector. For this purpose, common terms of reference have been developed which can aid in development of this sector. As, all the three countries have a large number of small-scale enterprises, it is expected that cooperation in this sector can have profound development implications.<sup id="cite_ref-areacoop_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-areacoop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Working group aims at cooperation between the three countries in the areas of air link expansions, training and knowledge exchange in airports and airspace management, port management, including capacity building in <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a>. Discussions on air and maritime agreements are also being considered. Development of trans-shipment facilities for creation of a South-South highway, which integrates sub-regional connection between <a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">Southern African Customs Union</a> and Indian regions, is a priority area for the Working group.<sup id="cite_ref-areacoop_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-areacoop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Declarations_and_communiqué"><span id="Declarations_and_communiqu.C3.A9"></span>Declarations and communiqué</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Declarations and communiqué"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Delhi_agenda_for_cooperation">New Delhi agenda for cooperation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: New Delhi agenda for cooperation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yashwant Sinha, Celso Amorim and Dr. Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, the foreign ministers of India, Brazil and South Africa respectively, met in New Delhi on 4 and 5 March 2003 for the first meeting of the Trilateral Commission of the IBSA Dialogue Forum. The following issues were discussed: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Nations_reforms">United Nations reforms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: United Nations reforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ministers were of the view that the current composition of the UN Security Council is not representative of the current world scenario. They highlighted the need for bringing about reforms which would make the Security council reflect the contemporary realities. Toward this end, they emphasised the need for expansion of Security council membership in the permanent as well as non-permanent categories.<sup id="cite_ref-ndcoop_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ndcoop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Peace_and_security">Peace and security</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Peace and security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ministers took stock of the global security situation and renewed their commitments towards non-proliferation of <a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a>. They agreed to intensify their cooperation at the <a href="/wiki/IAEA" class="mw-redirect" title="IAEA">IAEA</a> with a view to ensure growth and development of use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes under appropriate safeguards. On the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israel–Palestine issue</a>, the three countries urged an early resumption of dialogue on the basis of UN Security council resolutions, <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> peace Initiative and the <a href="/wiki/Quartet_on_the_Middle_East" title="Quartet on the Middle East">Quartet</a> roadmap. They reaffirmed their support to the settlement postulated in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1937" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1937">UN Security Council Resolution 1397</a> of two sovereign states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side within secured and recognised borders.<sup id="cite_ref-ndcoop_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ndcoop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The three countries also had common views with respect to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. They stressed the need to maintain the unity & integrity of Iraq and called for transfer of full sovereignty to the Iraqi people. They were of the view that United Nations need to play a vital role in this context. They also emphasised the urgency of reconstruction in Iraq under a democratically elected sovereign government.<sup id="cite_ref-ndcoop_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ndcoop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Social_development">Social development</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Social development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The three countries recognised the need to put people in the centre of development. Toward this end, the ministers emphasised the need to formulate people-centric policies which would ensure equitable development. As the three countries have a rich cultural history, strengthening of cultural ties by organising a trilateral cultural fair of music, dance and cinema in Brazil was also discussed.<sup id="cite_ref-ndcoop_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ndcoop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recalling the Brasilia declaration, the ministers agreed upon the sharing of expertise in diverse areas such as food security, health, education, human rights etc. The Ministers also endorsed a proposal by Brazil to host a seminar on "Economic Growth with Social Equity" with the aim to promote better knowledge among IBSA members of their national policies and strategies to promote economic and social development.<sup id="cite_ref-ndcoop_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ndcoop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cape_Town_ministerial_communiqué"><span id="Cape_Town_ministerial_communiqu.C3.A9"></span>Cape Town ministerial communiqué</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cape Town ministerial communiqué"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The foreign ministers of the three countries met in Cape Town on 10 and 11 March 2005 for the second meeting of the Trilateral Commission of the IBSA Dialogue Forum. The following issues were discussed: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Millennium_review_summit">Millennium review summit</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Millennium review summit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ministers reiterated their commitments toward achieving the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals" title="Millennium Development Goals">Millennium Development Goals</a> by 2015 as their core strategy in their collective fight against hunger, poverty, and other problems ailing their society. The ministers emphasised that South-South cooperation was essential for achievement of MDGs and they reaffirmed their cooperation under the auspices of IBSA to achieve these targets.<sup id="cite_ref-capetown_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capetown-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Partnership_for_Africa's_Development"><span id="New_Partnership_for_Africa.27s_Development"></span>New Partnership for Africa's Development</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: New Partnership for Africa's Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ministers resolved to support the economic development of the African Union and strengthen the IBSA partnership in the implementation of New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD). Numerous opportunities exist in the fields of trade & commerce, energy, education, health and the ministers pledged to explore opportunities for trilateral cooperation in these areas.<sup id="cite_ref-capetown_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capetown-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Latin_and_South_American_integration">Latin and South American integration</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Latin and South American integration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ministers expressed their support for creation of an Asian-African business summit which would focus on promoting and strengthening the African private sector. They also made a decision to explore ways for closer cooperation with South America. The ministers also welcomed the efforts towards integration in the Latin America and Caribbean region and in this regard recognised the significance of the creation of the South American Community of Nations (CASA).<sup id="cite_ref-capetown_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capetown-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_trade_organisation">World trade organisation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: World trade organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ministers agreed to intensify their cooperation in the WTO multilateral trade negotiations in the lead-up to the <a href="/wiki/WTO_Ministerial_Conference_of_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="WTO Ministerial Conference of 2005">WTO Ministerial Conference of 2005</a> held in Hong Kong. This cooperation aimed to realise the Doha development agenda and to enhance trade opportunities in a free and fair manner with transparent-rules based multilateral trading system.<sup id="cite_ref-capetown_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capetown-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IBSA_sectoral_cooperation">IBSA sectoral cooperation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: IBSA sectoral cooperation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ministers reviewed the working of sectoral working groups and decided to add two new sectors namely, agriculture and culture. In the context of Information Technology, the ministers were of the view that their governments had many <a href="/wiki/E-governance" title="E-governance">e-governance</a> schemes which had many similarities, because of which they might share some information, best practices and identify projects for cooperation.<sup id="cite_ref-capetown_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capetown-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ministers agreed for strengthening consultations between the Ministries and Departments of Agriculture in support of IBSA and G-20 trade consultation processes. They decided that a meeting of IBSA experts would be convened in India to define areas for research and training in the field of agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-capetown_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capetown-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ministers welcomed the launch of IBSA Business Council, which would work in tandem with the Working group jointly in the areas such as Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises. With regard to promote tourism between the three countries, a mechanism is being explored to examine the possibility of visa waiver or the issuing of visas on arrival for IBSA nationals.<sup id="cite_ref-capetown_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capetown-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from this cooperation in various other sectors were also explored during this meeting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IBSA_facility_for_hunger_and_poverty_alleviation">IBSA facility for hunger and poverty alleviation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: IBSA facility for hunger and poverty alleviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ministers reviewed the progress made with regard to the operationalisation of the <i>IBSA Facility for Hunger and Poverty Alleviation</i>. They also agreed to commit an additional amount of US$1 million to the IBSA fund and launch of the facility in <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a>, which they hoped would raise the profile of the fund amongst private sector and members of <a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">civil society</a>. The Ministers agreed that IBSA would approach the Palestinian Authority with an offer to assist it with its reconstruction efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-capetown_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capetown-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rio_de_Janeiro_ministerial_communiqué"><span id="Rio_de_Janeiro_ministerial_communiqu.C3.A9"></span>Rio de Janeiro ministerial communiqué</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Rio de Janeiro ministerial communiqué"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Anand_Sharma" title="Anand Sharma">Anand Sharma</a>, Celso Amorim and Dr. Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, the foreign ministers of India, Brazil and South Africa respectively, met in Rio de Janeiro on 30 March 2006 for the third meeting of the Trilateral Commission of the IBSA Dialogue Forum. The following issues were raised and discussed: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Nations_reforms_2">United Nations reforms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: United Nations reforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IBSA countries exchanged their views on UN security council reforms and reiterated their stand that representation of developing countries from Asia, Africa and Latin America as permanent members in the council was essential. They welcomed the creation of <a href="/wiki/Peacebuilding_commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Peacebuilding commission">Peacebuilding commission</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a>, adding further that now UN reform process must include Security Council reform.<sup id="cite_ref-riocoop_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riocoop-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Non-proliferation,_disarmament_and_arms_control"><span id="Non-proliferation.2C_disarmament_and_arms_control"></span>Non-proliferation, disarmament and arms control</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Non-proliferation, disarmament and arms control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ministers were of the view that multilateral institutions established under various disarmament agreements should be the primary mechanism to achieve the desired objective of disarmament and non-proliferation. They agreed to continue cooperation at IAEA and other forums with regard to peaceful use of atomic energy under suitable safeguards. They also agreed to consider enhancing international civilian nuclear cooperation, with other nations who share similar objectives of non-proliferation. The ministers also hoped for a peaceful resolution to the Iranian nuclear program, within the context of IAEA.<sup id="cite_ref-riocoop_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riocoop-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_trade">International trade</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: International trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ministers emphasised the need to unite on the issue of Doha round of negotiations. This is supported by increased consultations, by IBSA delegations, in order to strengthen <a href="/wiki/NAMA_(WTO)" class="mw-redirect" title="NAMA (WTO)">Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA)</a>, as well as the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/NAMA-11" class="mw-redirect" title="NAMA-11">NAMA-11</a> whose two main principles are supporting flexibilities for developing countries and balance between NAMA and other areas under negotiation.<sup id="cite_ref-riocoop_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riocoop-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ministers took note of the broader objectives of the European Union proposed <a href="/wiki/Registration,_Evaluation,_Authorisation_and_Restriction_of_Chemicals" title="Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals">Registration, Evaluation and Authorization and restriction of Chemicals (REACH)</a> Legislation, in respect of the protection of human health and the environment. They expressed their concern for the consequences REACH may have on the developing economies of the South. Such consequences will negatively affect the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals in these countries. The ministers urged the EU to give due consideration to these consequences and also ensure that REACH does not become a <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Technical_Barriers_to_Trade" title="Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade">Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-riocoop_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riocoop-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IBSA_facility_fund_for_hunger_and_poverty_alleviation">IBSA facility fund for hunger and poverty alleviation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: IBSA facility fund for hunger and poverty alleviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fundamental character IBSA fund is to disseminate the best practices in alleviation of poverty and hunger. The ministers reaffirmed the importance of participation of institutions— governmental as well as non-governmental—in projects financed by the fund. They also recommended that UNDP, as an administrator of the fund, find means to make it possible.<sup id="cite_ref-riocoop_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riocoop-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ministers also received and accepted the recommendations of Technical Monitoring Committee (TMC) to Guinea Bissau. It urged the UNDP Office in Bissau to work closely with the UNDP Special Unit for South-South Cooperation in New York, the Coordinator of the project and the Guinean Bissau national authorities. The ministers agreed with the committee's recommendation of signing additional agreements with UNDP in order to clarify rights and obligations of both parties.<sup id="cite_ref-riocoop_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riocoop-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IBSA_sectoral_cooperation_2">IBSA sectoral cooperation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: IBSA sectoral cooperation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The member countries made a pledge to promote the production and use of biofuels as a clean and ecofriendly alternative. More emphasis will be placed on exchange of information in areas of energy conservation and hydrogen energy. The ministers stressed the need to boost trade relations among the three nations. Keeping this in perspective, they expressed their satisfaction that Mercosur will be proposing to Southern African Customs Union and India the creation of a Working Group to explore the modalities of a Trilateral Free Trade Agreement (T-FTA) among them. Specific areas of agriculture have also been identified for trilateral cooperation. These include research and capacity building, agricultural trade, rural development and poverty alleviation.<sup id="cite_ref-riocoop_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riocoop-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IBSA_trade_and_investment_forum">IBSA trade and investment forum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: IBSA trade and investment forum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The attending delegations were of the opinion that trade relations between the three nations can strengthen the South-South union. Substitution of imports from northern countries by imports from southern countries was suggested as a feasible solution towards attaining the said objective. Logistics, custom procedures, lack of information and distances were identified as main barriers which needed to be eliminated for the trilateral trade to flourish.<sup id="cite_ref-riocoop_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riocoop-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The logistics problem was sought to be solved by suggestion of a study to further address the issue. Problems regarding customs procedures were sought to be tackled by ensuring more cooperation among the governmental institutions in order to simplify many regulations and streamlining the process. The private sector was also of the view that number of flights between India, Brazil and South Africa need to be increased, which eliminate the barrier of distances and lack of information no problem.<sup id="cite_ref-riocoop_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riocoop-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agreements_and_Memorandum_of_Understanding">Agreements and Memorandum of Understanding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Agreements and Memorandum of Understanding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following agreements have been signed so far:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>MoU on Agriculture and Allied Fields</li> <li>MoU on Biofuels</li> <li>Agreement on Merchant Shipping and Other Maritime Transport Matters</li> <li>Action Plan on Trade Facilitation for Standards, Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment</li> <li>MoU Framework for Cooperation on the Information Society</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="BRICS">BRICS</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: BRICS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></div> <p>South Africa sought to join <a href="/wiki/BRIC" title="BRIC">BRIC</a> starting August 2010 and in December 2010 was officially invited to join. South Africa attended the April 2011 summit, and the group is now known as <b><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></b>, with <i>S</i> standing for South Africa. Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (BRICS) now represents a superset of the countries that IBSA represents. Some see BRICS and IBSA as potential geopolitical competitors.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_BRIC_summit" title="2nd BRIC summit">2010 BRIC Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBSAMAR" title="IBSAMAR">IBSAMAR</a> – joint military exercises conducted by the Indian, Brazilian, and South African navies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_groupings" title="List of country groupings">List of country groupings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multilateral_free-trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of multilateral free-trade agreements">List of multilateral free-trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South%E2%80%93South_cooperation" title="South–South cooperation">South–South cooperation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-aboutibsa-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aboutibsa_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutibsa_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutibsa_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070913163515/http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/about_us.html">"About IBSA"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/about_us.html">the original</a> on 13 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+IBSA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibsa-trilateral.org%2Fabout_us.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBSA+Dialogue+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sam.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/MehmetOzkan1.pdf">"A NEW APPROACH TO GLOBAL SECURITY: PIVOTAL MIDDLE POWERS AND GLOBAL POLITICS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528001401/http://www.sam.gov.tr/perceptions/volume%20xi/spring/mehmetozkan.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+NEW+APPROACH+TO+GLOBAL+SECURITY%3A+PIVOTAL+MIDDLE+POWERS+AND+GLOBAL+POLITICS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsam.gov.tr%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F02%2FMehmetOzkan1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBSA+Dialogue+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brasilia-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brasilia_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brasilia_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brasilia_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brasilia_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070915141009/http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/brasil_declaration.htm">"Brasilia Declaration"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/brasil_declaration.htm">the original</a> on 15 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brasilia+Declaration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibsa-trilateral.org%2Fbrasil_declaration.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBSA+Dialogue+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-areacoop-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-areacoop_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-areacoop_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-areacoop_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-areacoop_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-areacoop_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-areacoop_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-areacoop_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-areacoop_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070913025432/http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/areas_cooperation.htm">"Areas of Cooperation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/areas_cooperation.htm">the original</a> on 13 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Areas+of+Cooperation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibsa-trilateral.org%2Fareas_cooperation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBSA+Dialogue+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ndcoop-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ndcoop_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ndcoop_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ndcoop_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ndcoop_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ndcoop_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070913163243/http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/n_delhi_agen_annexure_c.htm">"New Delhi declaration"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/n_delhi_agen_annexure_c.htm">the original</a> on 13 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Delhi+declaration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibsa-trilateral.org%2Fn_delhi_agen_annexure_c.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBSA+Dialogue+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-capetown-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capetown_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-capetown_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-capetown_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-capetown_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-capetown_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-capetown_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-capetown_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-capetown_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070914120518/http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/cape_town_ministerial.htm">"Cape Town Ministerial Communiqué"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/cape_town_ministerial.htm">the original</a> on 14 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cape+Town+Ministerial+Communiqu%C3%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibsa-trilateral.org%2Fcape_town_ministerial.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBSA+Dialogue+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-riocoop-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-riocoop_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riocoop_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riocoop_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riocoop_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riocoop_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riocoop_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riocoop_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riocoop_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riocoop_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070913163421/http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/rioministerial.htm">"Rio de Janeiro declaration"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/rioministerial.htm">the original</a> on 13 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rio+de+Janeiro+declaration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibsa-trilateral.org%2Frioministerial.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBSA+Dialogue+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070913222229/http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/announcement.html">"IBSA Announcements"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/announcement.html">the original</a> on 13 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBSA+Announcements&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibsa-trilateral.org%2Fannouncement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBSA+Dialogue+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Brewster" class="citation web cs1">David Brewster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/7992964">"India's Ocean: the Story of India's Bid for Regional Leadership. Retrieved 13 August 2014"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%27s+Ocean%3A+the+Story+of+India%27s+Bid+for+Regional+Leadership.+Retrieved+13+August+2014&rft.au=David+Brewster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F7992964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBSA+Dialogue+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBSA_Dialogue_Forum&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibsa-trilateral.org/">Official website of IBSA dialogue forum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibsanews.com/">IBSA news, analysis 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id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Algeria–India relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Angola–India relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Benin–India relations">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Botswana–India relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Burkina Faso–India relations">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Burundi–India relations">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Cameroon–India relations">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Central African Republic–India relations">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Chad–India relations">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Comoros–India relations">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93India_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of the Congo–India relations">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–India relations">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Djibouti–India relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Egypt–India relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Eritrea–India relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Eswatini–India relations">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Ethiopia–India relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Equatorial Guinea–India relations">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Gabon–India relations">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia%E2%80%93India_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia–India relations">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Ghana–India relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Guinea–India relations">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Guinea-Bissau–India relations">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Ivory_Coast_relations" title="India–Ivory Coast relations">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="India–Kenya relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Lesotho_relations" title="India–Lesotho relations">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Liberia_relations" title="India–Liberia relations">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="India–Libya relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Madagascar_relations" title="India–Madagascar relations">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Malawi_relations" title="India–Malawi relations">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Mali_relations" title="India–Mali relations">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Mauritania_relations" title="India–Mauritania relations">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Mauritius_relations" title="India–Mauritius relations">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="India–Morocco relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Mozambique_relations" title="India–Mozambique relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Namibia_relations" title="India–Namibia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Niger_relations" title="India–Niger relations">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations" title="India–Nigeria relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Rwanda_relations" title="India–Rwanda relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_relations" title="India–São Tomé and Príncipe relations">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Senegal_relations" title="India–Senegal relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Seychelles_relations" title="India–Seychelles relations">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Sierra_Leone_relations" title="India–Sierra Leone relations">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="India–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="India–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93South_Sudan_relations" title="India–South Sudan relations">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="India–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations" title="India–Tanzania relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Togo_relations" title="India–Togo relations">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations" title="India–Tunisia relations">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Uganda_relations" title="India–Uganda relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="India–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="India–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Antigua and Barbuda–India relations">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Argentina–India relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas%E2%80%93India_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas–India relations">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Barbados–India relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Belize–India relations">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Bolivia–India relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Brazil–India relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Canada–India relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Cayman Islands–India relations">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Chile–India relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Colombia–India relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Costa Rica–India relations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Cuba–India relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Dominica–India relations">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Dominican Republic–India relations">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Ecuador–India relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador%E2%80%93India_relations" title="El Salvador–India relations">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Grenada–India relations">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Guatemala–India relations">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Guyana–India relations">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Haiti–India relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Honduras–India relations">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Jamaica_relations" title="India–Jamaica relations">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="India–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Nicaragua_relations" title="India–Nicaragua relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="India–Panama relations">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Paraguay_relations" title="India–Paraguay relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="India–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_relations" title="India–Saint Kitts and Nevis relations">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Saint_Lucia_relations" title="India–Saint Lucia relations">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_relations" title="India–Saint Vincent and the Grenadines relations">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Suriname_relations" title="India–Suriname relations">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations" title="India–Trinidad and Tobago relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="India–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="India–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="India–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Afghanistan–India relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Armenia–India relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Azerbaijan–India relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Bahrain–India relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Bangladesh–India relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Bhutan–India relations">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Brunei–India relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Cambodia–India relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93India_relations" title="China–India relations">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Hong Kong–India relations">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="India–Tibet relations">Tibet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor%E2%80%93India_relations" title="East Timor–India relations">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Georgia–India relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="India–Indonesia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="India–Iran relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Iraq_relations" title="India–Iraq relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="India–Israel relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="India–Japan relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Jordan_relations" title="India–Jordan relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Kazakhstan_relations" title="India–Kazakhstan relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Kuwait_relations" title="India–Kuwait relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Kyrgyzstan_relations" title="India–Kyrgyzstan relations">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Laos_relations" title="India–Laos relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="India–Lebanon relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="India–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Maldives_relations" title="India–Maldives relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Mongolia_relations" title="India–Mongolia relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Myanmar_relations" title="India–Myanmar relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Nepal_relations" title="India–Nepal relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="India–North Korea relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Oman_relations" title="India–Oman relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="India–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="India–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="India–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="India–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="India–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="India–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="India–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="India–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="India–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="India–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tajikistan_relations" title="India–Tajikistan relations">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="India–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="India–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Turkmenistan_relations" title="India–Turkmenistan relations">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="India–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations" title="India–Uzbekistan relations">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="India–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="India–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Albania–India relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Austria–India relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Belarus–India relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Belgium–India relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Bulgaria–India relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–India relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Croatia–India relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Cyprus–India relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Czech Republic–India relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Denmark–India relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Estonia–India relations">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Finland–India relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93India_relations" title="France–India relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Georgia–India relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Germany–India relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Greece–India relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Hungary–India relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Holy See–India relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Iceland–India relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="India–Ireland relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="India–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Kosovo_relations" title="India–Kosovo relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Latvia_relations" title="India–Latvia relations">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Liechtenstein_relations" title="India–Liechtenstein relations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Lithuania_relations" title="India–Lithuania relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Luxembourg_relations" title="India–Luxembourg relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Malta_relations" title="India–Malta relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Moldova_relations" title="India–Moldova relations">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Monaco_relations" title="India–Monaco relations">Monaco</a></li> <li>Montenegro</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="India–Netherlands relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93North_Macedonia_relations" title="India–North Macedonia relations">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Norway_relations" title="India–Norway relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="India–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="India–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="India–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="India–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="India–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" title="India–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Slovenia_relations" title="India–Slovenia relations">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="India–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="India–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="India–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="India–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="India–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Australia–India relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Fiji–India relations">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Kiribati_relations" title="India–Kiribati relations">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Marshall_Islands_relations" title="India–Marshall Islands relations">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Federated_States_of_Micronesia_relations" title="India–Federated States of Micronesia relations">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Nauru_relations" title="India–Nauru relations">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="India–New Zealand relations">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Cook Islands–India relations">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Niue_relations" title="India–Niue relations">Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Palau_relations" title="India–Palau relations">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Papua_New_Guinea_relations" title="India–Papua New Guinea relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Samoa_relations" title="India–Samoa relations">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Solomon_Islands_relations" title="India–Solomon Islands relations">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tonga_relations" title="India–Tonga relations">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tuvalu_relations" title="India–Tuvalu relations">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India-Pacific_Islands_Relations#Vanuatu" class="mw-redirect" title="India-Pacific Islands Relations">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="India–Soviet Union relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="India–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Multilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_Ministerial_Dialogue" title="2+2 Ministerial Dialogue">2+2 Ministerial Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_East_policy_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Look East policy (India)">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africa%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Africa–India relations">Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Africa_Forum_Summit" title="India–Africa Forum Summit">Summit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASIC_countries" title="BASIC countries">BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">BIMSTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBIN" title="BBIN">BBIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/4th_BRICS_summit" title="4th BRICS summit">4th</a>, <a href="/wiki/8th_BRICS_summit" title="8th BRICS summit">8th</a>, <a href="/wiki/13th_BRICS_summit" title="13th BRICS summit">13th summit</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connect_Central_Asia" title="Connect Central Asia">Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="India–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G4_nations" title="G4 nations">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I2U2_Group" title="I2U2 Group">I2U2 Group</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IBSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Naval_Symposium" title="Indian Ocean Naval Symposium">Indian Ocean Naval Symposium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Rim_Association" title="Indian Ocean Rim Association">Indian Ocean Rim Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pacific_Islands_relations" title="India–Pacific Islands relations">India–Pacific Islands relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_India%E2%80%93Pacific_Islands_Cooperation" title="Forum for India–Pacific Islands Cooperation">Forum for India–Pacific Islands Cooperation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="India–Latin America relations">India–Latin America relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Solar_Alliance" title="International Solar Alliance">International Solar Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong%E2%80%93Ganga_Cooperation" title="Mekong–Ganga Cooperation">Mekong–Ganga Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="India and the Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/7th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="7th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">7th Summit</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrilateral_Security_Dialogue" title="Quadrilateral Security Dialogue">Quadrilateral Security Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_sanctions" title="India sanctions">Sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_United_Nations" title="India and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diplomacy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_foreign_relations" title="History of Indian foreign relations">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary_(India)" title="Foreign Secretary (India)">Foreign Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li>Diplomatic missions <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_India" title="List of diplomatic missions of India">of India</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_India" title="List of diplomatic missions in India">in India</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Chennai" title="List of diplomatic missions in Chennai">in Chennai</a>)</li> <li>Ambassadors and High Commissioners <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_and_high_commissioners_of_India" title="List of ambassadors and high commissioners of India">of India</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_and_high_commissioners_to_India" title="List of ambassadors and high commissioners to India">to India</a></li> <li>Foreign aid <a href="/wiki/Indian_foreign_aid" title="Indian foreign aid">by India</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_India" title="Foreign aid to India">to India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Citizenship_of_India" title="Overseas Citizenship of India">Overseas citizens</a></li> <li>Foreign policy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation_Programme" title="Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme">ITEC programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_East_policy_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Look East policy (India)">Look East policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_e-Network_project" title="Pan-African e-Network project">Pan-African e-Network project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Indira_Gandhi_government" title="Foreign policy of the Indira Gandhi government">Indira Gandhi government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Narendra Modi government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Asian foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="South Asian foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">South Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_East_policy_(India)#Act_East_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Look East policy (India)">Act East</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_conflict" title="Siachen conflict">Siachen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Conflicts with Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Disputes with China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_of_India_and_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial disputes of India and Nepal">Disputes with Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_visits_to_India" title="List of diplomatic visits to India">State visits to India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of international trips made by prime ministers of India">State visits by prime ministers of India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Indira_Gandhi" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Manmohan_Singh" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Narendra_Modi" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Brazil&#124;link=Brazil_Foreign_relations_of_Brazil" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Brazil" title="Template:Foreign relations of Brazil"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Brazil" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Brazil"><abbr title="Discuss this 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of Brazil">Foreign relations of Brazil</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">Bilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Brazil_relations" title="Algeria–Brazil relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93Brazil_relations" title="Angola–Brazil relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Cape_Verde_relations" title="Brazil–Cape Verde relations">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_relations" title="Brazil–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations">DR Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Egypt_relations" title="Brazil–Egypt relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="Brazil–Ethiopia relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Guinea-Bissau_relations" title="Brazil–Guinea-Bissau relations">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Brazil–Kenya relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Mozambique_relations" title="Brazil–Mozambique relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Namibia_relations" title="Brazil–Namibia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations" title="Brazil–Nigeria relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_relations" title="Brazil–São Tomé and Príncipe relations">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Brazil–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations" title="Brazil–Tanzania relations">Tanzania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Brazil_relations" title="Argentina–Brazil relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93Brazil_relations" title="Barbados–Brazil relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93Brazil_relations" title="Bolivia–Brazil relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Brazil–Canada relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Chile_relations" title="Brazil–Chile relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Colombia_relations" title="Brazil–Colombia relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Costa_Rica_relations" title="Brazil–Costa Rica relations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Cuba_relations" title="Brazil–Cuba relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Guyana_relations" title="Brazil–Guyana relations">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Haiti_relations" title="Brazil–Haiti relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Jamaica_relations" title="Brazil–Jamaica relations">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="Brazil–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Nicaragua_relations" title="Brazil–Nicaragua relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Paraguay_relations" title="Brazil–Paraguay relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Brazil–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Suriname_relations" title="Brazil–Suriname relations">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations" title="Brazil–Trinidad and Tobago relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Brazil–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Brazil–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Brazil–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Brazil_relations" title="Armenia–Brazil relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Brazil_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Brazil relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Brazil_relations" title="Bangladesh–Brazil relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Brazil–China relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93East_Timor_relations" title="Brazil–East Timor relations">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Georgia_relations" title="Brazil–Georgia relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Brazil–India relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="Brazil–Indonesia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Brazil–Iran relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Iraq_relations" title="Brazil–Iraq relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Brazil–Israel relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Brazil–Japan relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Kazakhstan_relations" title="Brazil–Kazakhstan relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Brazil–Lebanon relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="Brazil–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="Brazil–North Korea relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Brazil–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Brazil–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Brazil–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Brazil–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Brazil–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Brazil–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Brazil–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Brazil–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Brazil–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Brazil_relations" title="Albania–Brazil relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Brazil_relations" title="Austria–Brazil relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Czech_Republic_relations" title="Brazil–Czech Republic relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Denmark_relations" title="Brazil–Denmark relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Finland_relations" title="Brazil–Finland relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93France_relations" title="Brazil–France relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="Brazil–Germany relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Greece_relations" title="Brazil–Greece relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Brazil–Holy See relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Hungary_relations" title="Brazil–Hungary relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="Brazil–Ireland relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="Brazil–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Lithuania_relations" title="Brazil–Lithuania relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%94Netherlands_relations" title="Brazil—Netherlands relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Norway_relations" title="Brazil–Norway relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Brazil–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="Brazil–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Brazil–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Brazil–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Brazil–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Slovenia_relations" title="Brazil–Slovenia relations">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Brazil–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Brazil–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Brazil–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Brazil–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Brazil_relations" title="Australia–Brazil relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="Brazil–New Zealand relations">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Brazil–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Brazil–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_and_the_United_Nations" title="Brazil and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G4_nations" title="G4 nations">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G8%2B5" title="G8+5">G8+5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IBSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">CPLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Unasul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diplomacy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Brazil)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Brazil" title="List of diplomatic missions of Brazil">Diplomatic missions of Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Brazil" title="List of diplomatic missions in Brazil">Diplomatic missions in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Reform of the United Nations Security Council">UNSC reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Antarctica" title="Brazilian Antarctica">Brazilian Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involving_Brazil" title="Category:Wars involving Brazil">Wars involving Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Brazil" title="Category:Treaties of Brazil">Treaties of Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Brazil and weapons of mass destruction">Brazil and weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="List of international presidential trips made by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Presidential visits by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambassadors_of_Brazil" title="Ambassadors of Brazil">Ambassadors of Brazil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=South_Africa&#124;link=South_Africa_Foreign_relations_of_South_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_South_Africa" title="Template:Foreign relations of South Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_South_Africa" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of South Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_South_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of South Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=South_Africa&#124;link=South_Africa_Foreign_relations_of_South_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Africa" title="Foreign relations of South Africa">Foreign relations of South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Algeria–South Africa relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Angola–South Africa relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Botswana–South Africa relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Republic of the Congo–South Africa relations">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Egypt–South Africa relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Eswatini–South Africa relations">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Ethiopia–South Africa relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Ghana–South Africa relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Kenya–South Africa relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Lesotho–South Africa relations">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Libya–South Africa relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Madagascar–South Africa relations">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Malawi–South Africa relations">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Mauritius–South Africa relations">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Mozambique–South Africa relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Namibia–South Africa relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Nigeria–South Africa relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Rwanda–South Africa relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic–South Africa relations">Sahrawi Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations" title="South Africa–Tanzania relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="South Africa–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="South Africa–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Argentina–South Africa relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Bolivia–South Africa relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Brazil–South Africa relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Canada–South Africa relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Colombia–South Africa relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Cuba–South Africa relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Mexico–South Africa relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Peru–South Africa relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations" title="South Africa–Trinidad and Tobago relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="South Africa–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="South Africa–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Azerbaijan–South Africa relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Bangladesh–South Africa relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="China–South Africa relations">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Hong Kong–South Africa relations">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="India–South Africa relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Indonesia–South Africa relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Iran–South Africa relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Israel–South Africa relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Japan–South Africa relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Malaysia–South Africa relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="North Korea–South Africa relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Pakistan–South Africa relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Palestine–South Africa relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Philippines–South Africa relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Qatar–South Africa relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–South Africa relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Singapore–South Africa relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="South Africa–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="South Africa–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="South Africa–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="South Africa–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="South Africa–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Bulgaria–South Africa relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Denmark–South Africa relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Finland–South Africa relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="France–South Africa relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Germany–South Africa relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Greece–South Africa relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Ireland–South Africa relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Italy–South Africa relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Netherlands–South Africa relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Poland–South Africa relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Portugal–South Africa relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Russia–South Africa relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Serbia–South Africa relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="South Africa–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="South Africa–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="South Africa–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="South Africa–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="South Africa–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Australia–South Africa relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="New Zealand–South Africa relations">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Multilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="South Africa–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G8%2B5" title="G8+5">G8+5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IBSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">SACU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Africa_Forum_Summit" title="India–Africa Forum Summit">Africa–India Forum Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diplomacy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_South_Africa" title="List of diplomatic missions of South Africa">Diplomatic missions of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_South_Africa" title="List of diplomatic missions in South Africa">Diplomatic missions in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_International_Relations_and_Cooperation" title="Department of International Relations and Cooperation">Department of International Relations and Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Reform of the United Nations Security Council">UNSC reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Antarctic_Programme" title="South African National Antarctic Programme">South African National Antarctic Programme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Power_in_international_relations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_power" title="Template:International power"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_power" title="Template talk:International power"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_power" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International power"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Power_in_international_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Power_(international_relations)" title="Power (international relations)">Power in international relations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_power" title="Economic power">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_superpower" title="Energy superpower">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_power" title="Food power">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_power" title="Hard power">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_power" title="Maritime power">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_power" title="National power">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_politics" title="Power politics">Politics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_power" title="Sharp power">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_power" title="Smart power">Smart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_power" title="Soft power">Soft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_power" title="Small power">Small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_power" title="Middle power">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_power" title="Regional power">Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_power" title="Emerging power">Emerging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_of_the_Great_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Least of the Great Powers">Least Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_superpower" title="Potential superpower">Potential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">Super</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pax_Americana" title="Pax Americana">Pax</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Century" title="Asian Century">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Century" title="Chinese Century">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Century" title="Indian Century">Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Century" title="Pacific Century">Pacific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_great_powers" title="List of ancient great powers">List of ancient great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_great_powers" title="List of medieval great powers">List of medieval great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_great_powers" title="List of modern great powers">List of modern great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">International relations (1814–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Western_era" title="Post-Western era">Post-Western era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_decline" title="American decline">American decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(international_relations)" title="Balance of power (international relations)">Balance of power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_balance_of_power" title="European balance of power">European</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemonic_stability_theory" title="Hegemonic stability theory">Hegemonic stability theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Philosophy of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations)" title="Polarity (international relations)">Polarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">Power projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_transition_theory" title="Power transition theory">Power transition theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Superpower" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Superpower">Second Superpower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">Sphere of influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Superpower collapse">Superpower collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower_disengagement" class="mw-redirect" title="Superpower disengagement">Superpower disengagement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Studies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composite_Index_of_National_Capability" title="Composite Index of National Capability">Composite Index of National Capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_National_Power" title="Comprehensive National Power">Comprehensive National Power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Organizations_and_groups_by_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">Organizations and groups</a> by region</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States (ACS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System (SICA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States (OAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_on_Interaction_and_Confidence-Building_Measures_in_Asia" title="Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia">Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Cooperation_Secretariat" title="Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat">Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat (TCS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation">Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe (CoE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community (EPC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union (EU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group (V4)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Eurasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">North America–Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Council" title="Arctic Council">Arctic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–Asia–Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone" title="South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone">South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Oceania–Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">Australia–New Zealand–United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_Spearhead_Group" title="Melanesian Spearhead Group">Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Leaders_Group" title="Polynesian Leaders Group">Polynesian Leaders Group (PLG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em;padding:0.35em 1.0em;line-height:1.25em;">Non–regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Speaking_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries">Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E9_(countries)" title="E9 (countries)">E9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G4_nations" title="G4 nations">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Eight" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Eight">G8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G8%2B5" title="G8+5">G8+5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_24" title="Group of 24">G24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G77</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_for_Consensus" title="Uniting for Consensus">Uniting for Consensus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations (UN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South–South_cooperation_and_Third_Worldism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South%E2%80%93South" title="Template:South–South"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South%E2%80%93South" title="Template talk:South–South"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South%E2%80%93South" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South–South"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South–South_cooperation_and_Third_Worldism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/South%E2%80%93South_cooperation" title="South–South cooperation">South–South cooperation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third-Worldism" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-Worldism">Third Worldism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">Global South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landlocked_developing_countries" title="Landlocked developing countries">Landlocked developing countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">Least developed countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavily_indebted_poor_countries" title="Heavily indebted poor countries">Heavily indebted poor countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_market" title="Emerging market">Emerging markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newly_industrialized_country" title="Newly industrialized country">Newly industrialized country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_economy" title="Transition economy">Transition economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Three-world_model" title="Three-world model">Worlds theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_World" title="First World">First World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_World" title="Second World">Second World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_World" title="Fourth World">Fourth World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocolonialism" title="Neocolonialism">Neocolonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations)" title="Polarity (international relations)">Multipolarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Conference_against_Racism" title="World Conference against Racism">World Conference against Racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Conference_against_Racism_2001" title="World Conference against Racism 2001">Durban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durban_Review_Conference" title="Durban Review Conference">Durban II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durban_III" title="Durban III">Durban III</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Western_era" title="Post-Western era">Post-Western era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/BASIC_countries" title="BASIC countries">BASIC <span style="font-size:85%;">(BRICS minus Russia)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRIC" title="BRIC">BRIC <span style="font-size:85%;">(BRICS minus South Africa)</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debt_of_developing_countries" title="Debt of developing countries">Debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Clearing_Union" title="Asian Clearing Union">Asian Clearing Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank" title="Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Monetary_Fund" title="Arab Monetary Fund">Arab Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_South" title="Bank of the South">BancoSur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Development_Bank" title="Caribbean Development Bank">Caribbean Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fund_for_Commodities" title="Common Fund for Commodities">Common Fund for Commodities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPEC_Fund_for_International_Development" title="OPEC Fund for International Development">OPEC Fund for International Development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_development" title="Trade and development">Trade and<br />development</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Developmental_state" title="Developmental state">Developmental state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_geese_paradigm" title="Flying geese paradigm">Flying geese paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure-based_development" title="Infrastructure-based development">Infrastructure-based development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_System_of_Trade_Preferences_among_Developing_Countries" title="Global System of Trade Preferences among Developing Countries">Global System of Trade Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_on_Trade_Negotiations" title="Protocol on Trade Negotiations">Protocol on Trade Negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_International_Economic_Order" title="New International Economic Order">New International Economic Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Information_and_Communication_Order" title="New World Information and Communication Order">New World Information and Communication Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">United Nations Industrial Development Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">Generic drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosimilar" title="Biosimilar">biosimilar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_patent" title="Chemical patent">Pharmaceutical patents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Societal_views_on_patents#Pharmaceutical_patents" class="mw-redirect" title="Societal views on patents">criticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_data_exclusivity" title="Test data exclusivity">Test data exclusivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doha_Declaration_on_the_TRIPS_agreement_and_public_health" title="Doha Declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health">Doha Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Organizations<br />and groups</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Five" title="Group of Five">G-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_15" title="Group of 15">G-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-8_Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation" title="D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation">D-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20_developing_nations" title="G20 developing nations">G20 developing nations (G-20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_24" title="Group of 24">G-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G33_(developing_countries)" title="G33 (developing countries)">G33 developing countries (G-33)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Eleven" title="Group of Eleven">G-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G90" title="G90">G-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_States" title="Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States">African, Caribbean and Pacific Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Afro–Asian Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Plan" title="Colombo Plan">Colombo Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Solar_Alliance" title="International Solar Alliance">International Solar Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_Spearhead_Group" title="Melanesian Spearhead Group">Melanesian Spearhead Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Summit" title="North–South Summit">North–South Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Leaders_Group" title="Polynesian Leaders Group">Polynesian Leaders Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone" title="South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone">South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Island_Developing_States" title="Small Island Developing States">Small Island Developing States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Centre_(organization)" title="South Centre (organization)">South Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">North–South<br />divide</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandt_Report" title="Brandt Report">Brandt Report</a></li> <li><a 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