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multi-pass</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: multi-pass"> <meta name="keywords" content="multi-pass"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="multi-pass"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: multi-pass</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> A Study on Improvement of Straightness of Preform Pulling Process of Hollow Pipe by Finete Element Analysis Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeon-Jong%20Jeong">Yeon-Jong Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Hong%20Park"> Jun-Hong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyuk%20Choi"> Hyuk Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we have studied the design of intermediate die in multipass drawing. Research has been continuously studied because of the advantage of better dimensional accuracy, smooth surface and improved mechanical properties in the case of drawing. Among them, multipass drawing, which is a method to realize complicated shape by drawing, was discussed in this study. The most important factor in the multipass drawing is the dimensional accuracy and simplify the process. To accomplish this, a multistage shape drawing was performed using various intermediate die shape designs, and finite element analysis was performed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM%20%28Finite%20Element%20Method%29" title="FEM (Finite Element Method)">FEM (Finite Element Method)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multipass%20drawing" title=" multipass drawing"> multipass drawing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermediate%20die" title=" intermediate die"> intermediate die</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20pipe" title=" hollow pipe"> hollow pipe</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77008/a-study-on-improvement-of-straightness-of-preform-pulling-process-of-hollow-pipe-by-finete-element-analysis-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Multipass Scratch Characterization of TiNbVN Thin Coatings Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hikmet%20Cicek">Hikmet Cicek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transition metal nitrides are widely used as protective coatings on machine parts and cutting tools to protect the surfaces from abrasion and corrosion for decades. In this study, the ternary TiNbVN thin coatings were produced with closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering system and their structural, mechanical and fatigue-like (multi-pass scratch test) properties were investigated. Two different substrates (M2 and H13 steels) were used to explore substrates effects. X-Ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used for the structural and chemical analysis of the coatings. Nanohardness tests were proceed for mechanical properties. The fatigue-like properties of the coatings obtained from the multi-scratch test under three different cycle passes. The results showed that TiNbVN films have excellent fatigue resistance and the coatings deposited on M2 steel substrate have higher hardness and better fatigue resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20vapor%20deposition" title="physical vapor deposition">physical vapor deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue" title=" fatigue"> fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20nitride" title=" metal nitride"> metal nitride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multipass%20scratch%20test" title=" multipass scratch test "> multipass scratch test </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90196/multipass-scratch-characterization-of-tinbvn-thin-coatings-deposited-by-magnetron-sputtering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Experimental Investigation and Hardness Analysis of Chromoly Steel Multipass Welds Using GMAW</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ramesh">S. Ramesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Sasiraaju"> A. S. Sasiraaju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Sidhaarth"> K. Sidhaarth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Sudhan%20Rajkumar"> N. Sudhan Rajkumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Manivel%20Muralidaran"> V. Manivel Muralidaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work presents the result of investigations aimed at determining the hardness of the welded Chromoly (A 4130) steel plate of 2” thickness. Multi pass welding for the thick sections was carried out and analyzed for the Chromoly alloy steel plates. The study of hardness at the weld metal reveals that there is the presence of different micro structure products which yields diverse properties. The welding carried out using GMAW with ER70s-2 electrode. Single V groove design was selected for the butt joint configuration. The presence of hydrogen has been suppressed by selecting low hydrogen electrode. Preheating of the plate prior to welding reduces the cooling rate which also affects the weld metal microstructure. The shielding gas composition used in this analysis is 80% Ar-20% CO2. The experimental analysis gives the detailed study of the hardness of the material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromoly" title="chromoly">chromoly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20metal%20arc%20weld%20%28GMAW%29" title=" gas metal arc weld (GMAW)"> gas metal arc weld (GMAW)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%20pass%20weld" title=" multi pass weld"> multi pass weld</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shielding%20gas%20composition" title=" shielding gas composition"> shielding gas composition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19554/experimental-investigation-and-hardness-analysis-of-chromoly-steel-multipass-welds-using-gmaw" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Wear Performance of Stellite 21 Cladded Overlay on Aisi 304L</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandeep%20Singh%20Sandhua">Sandeep Singh Sandhua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karanvir%20Singh%20Ghuman"> Karanvir Singh Ghuman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Kumar"> Arun Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stellite 21 is cobalt based super alloy used in improving the wear performance of stainless steel engineering components subjected to harsh environmental conditions. This piece of research focuses on the wear analysis of satellite 21 cladded on AISI 304 L substrate using SMAW process. Bead on plate experiments were carried out by varying current and electrode manipulation techniques to optimize the dilution and microhardness. 80 Amp current and weaving technique was found to be optimum set of parameters for overlaying which were further used for multipass multilayer cladding of AISI 304 L substrate. The wear performance was examined on pin on dics wear testing machine under room temperature conditions. The results from this study show that Stellite 21 overlays show a significant improvement in the frictional wear resistance after TIG remelting. It is also established that low dilution procedures are important in controlling the metallurgical composition of these overlays which has a consequent effect in enhancing hardness and wear resistance of these overlays. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfacing" title="surfacing">surfacing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stellite%2021" title=" stellite 21"> stellite 21</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dilution" title=" dilution"> dilution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMAW" title=" SMAW"> SMAW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frictional%20wear" title=" frictional wear"> frictional wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-hardness" title=" micro-hardness"> micro-hardness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45502/wear-performance-of-stellite-21-cladded-overlay-on-aisi-304l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45502.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Investigation of Distortion and Impact Strength of 304L Butt Joint Using Different Weld Groove</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sharma">A. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Sandhu"> S. S. Sandhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Shahi"> A. Shahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kumar"> A. Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of present investigation was to carry out Finite element modeling of distortion in the case of butt weld. 12mm thick AISI 304L plates were butt welded using three different combinations of groove design namely Double U, Double V and Composite. A full simulation of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) of nonlinear heat transfer is carried out. Aspects like, temperature-dependent thermal properties of AISI stainless steel above liquid phase, the effect of thermal boundary conditions, were included in the model. Since welding heat dissipation characteristics changed due to variable groove design significant changes in the microhardness tensile strength and impact toughness of the joints were observed. The cumulative distortion was found to be least in double V joint followed by the Composite and Double U-joints. All the joints have joint efficiency more than 100%. CVN value of the Double V-groove weld metal was highest. The experimental results and the FEM results were compared and reveal a very good correlation for distortion and weld groove design for a multipass joint with a standard analogy of 83%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AISI%20304%20L" title="AISI 304 L">AISI 304 L</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Butt%20joint" title=" Butt joint"> Butt joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distortion" title=" distortion"> distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groove%20design" title=" groove design"> groove design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMAW" title=" SMAW"> SMAW</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29787/investigation-of-distortion-and-impact-strength-of-304l-butt-joint-using-different-weld-groove" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29787.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Investigation of Distortion and Impact Strength of 304 L Butt Joint Using Different Weld Groove </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sharma">A. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Sandhu"> S. S. Sandhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.Shahi"> A.Shahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kumar"> A. Kumar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effects of geometric configurations of butt joints i.e. double V groove, double U groove and UV groove of AISI 304L of thickness 12 mm by using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) are investigated. The magnitude of transverse shrinkage stress and distortion generated during welding under the unrestrained conditions of butt joints is the main objective of the study. The effect of groove design on impact strength and metallurgical properties are also studied. The Finite element analysis for the groove design is done and compared the actual experimentation. The experimental results and the FEM results were compared and reveal a very good correlation for distortion and weld groove design for multipass joint with a standard analogy of 80%. In the case of VV groove design it was found that the transverse stress and cumulative deflection have the lowest value. It was found that the UV groove design had the maximum ultimate and yield tensile strength, VV groove had the highest impact strength. Vicker’s hardness value of all the groove design was measured. Micro structural studies were carried out using conventional microscopic tools which revealed a lot of useful information for correlating the microstructure with mechanical properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weld%20groove%20design" title="weld groove design">weld groove design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distortion" title=" distortion"> distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AISI%20304%20L" title=" AISI 304 L"> AISI 304 L</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=butt%20joint" title=" butt joint"> butt joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GTAW" title=" GTAW"> GTAW</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20711/investigation-of-distortion-and-impact-strength-of-304-l-butt-joint-using-different-weld-groove" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Evaluation of High Temperature Wear Performance of as Cladded and Tig Re-Melting Stellite 6 Cladded Overlay on Aisi-304L Using SMAW Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manjit%20Singha">Manjit Singha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandeep%20Singh%20Sandhu"> Sandeep Singh Sandhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Shahi"> A. S. Shahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stellite 6 is cobalt based superalloy used for protective coatings. It is used to improve the wear performance of stainless steel engineering components subjected to harsh environmental conditions. This paper reports the high temperature wear analysis of satellite 6 cladded on AISI 304 L substrate using SMAW process. Bead on plate experiment was carried out by varying current and electrode manipulation techniques to optimize the dilution and hardness. 80 Amp current and weaving technique was found to be the optimum set of parameters for overlaying which were further used for multipass multilayer cladding on two plates of AISI 304 L substrate. On the first plate, seven layers seven passes of stellite 6 was overlaid which was used in as cladded form and the second plate was overlaid with five layers five passes of satellite 6 with further TIG remelting. The wear performance was examined for normal temperature environmental condition and harsh temperature environmental condition. The satellite 6 coating with TIG remelting was found to be better in both the conditions even with lesser metal deposition due to its finer grain structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfacing" title="surfacing">surfacing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stellite%206" title=" stellite 6"> stellite 6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dilution" title=" dilution"> dilution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overlay" title=" overlay"> overlay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMAW" title=" SMAW"> SMAW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-temperature%20frictional%20wear" title=" high-temperature frictional wear"> high-temperature frictional wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-structure" title=" micro-structure"> micro-structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-hardness" title=" micro-hardness"> micro-hardness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20712/evaluation-of-high-temperature-wear-performance-of-as-cladded-and-tig-re-melting-stellite-6-cladded-overlay-on-aisi-304l-using-smaw-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Hot Cracking Susceptibility Evaluation of the Advanced UNS S31035 Austenitic Stainless Steel by Varestraint Weldability Testing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikael%20M.%20Johansson">Mikael M. Johansson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Stenvall"> Peter Stenvall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leif%20Karlsson"> Leif Karlsson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joel%20Andersson"> Joel Andersson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sandvik Sanicro 25, UNS S31035, is an advanced high temperature austenitic stainless steel that potentially can be used in super-heaters and reheaters in the next generation of advanced ultra-super critical power plants. The material possesses both high creep strength and good corrosion resistance at temperatures up to 700°C. Its high temperature properties are positioned between other commercially available high temperature austenitic stainless steels and nickel-based alloys. It is, however, well known that an austenitic solidification mode combined with a fully austenitic microstructure exacerbate susceptibility towards hot cracking. The problem increases even more for thick walled material in multipass welding and could compromise the integrity of the welded component. Varestraint weldability testing is commonly used to evaluate susceptibility towards hot cracking of materials. In this paper, Varestraint test results are evaluated for base material of both UNS S31035 steel and are compared to those of the well-known and well-characterized UNS S31008 grade. The more creep resistant alloy, UNS S31035, is metallurgically more complicated than the UNS S31008 grade and has additions of several alloying elements to improve its high temperature properties. It benefits from both solid solution hardening as well as precipitation hardening. This investigation therefore attempts, based on the Varestraint weldability test, to understand if there are any differences in cracking mechanisms between these two grades due to the additional alloying elements used in UNS S31035. Results from Varestraint testing and crack type investigations will be presented and discussed in some detail. It is shown that hot cracking susceptibility of the UNS S31035 steel is only slightly higher than that of UNS S31008 despite the more complicated metallurgy. Weldability of the two alloys is therefore judged to be comparable making the newer alloy well suited also for critical applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=austenitic%20stainless%20steel" title="austenitic stainless steel">austenitic stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20cracking%20susceptibility" title=" hot cracking susceptibility"> hot cracking susceptibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UNS%20S31035" title=" UNS S31035"> UNS S31035</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UNS%20S31008" title=" UNS S31008"> UNS S31008</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varestraint%20weldability%20testing" title=" varestraint weldability testing"> varestraint weldability testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120143/hot-cracking-susceptibility-evaluation-of-the-advanced-uns-s31035-austenitic-stainless-steel-by-varestraint-weldability-testing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th 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