CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133fe29fbdbfd37',cH: '7zZuekmWpCAIdnwRwW0KR3yYvgtxvsnXuc6l5YY.014-1739776595-1.2.1.1-cYsd.wxZWaiQq8VVInQQYa0_SzSTM2hv2na7LS0bXFZevyLEqLONgK37.rkcVoQ8',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=micro-hardness&__cf_chl_tk=xYDMG76fw5JCb732MMG0kZcrmXcFkd4D_8yzRfRuG1M-1739776595-1.0.1.1-Tbngx4uNjDb1WXMZEcfn3AKVdWCWvb5WqbtnfS0R44g",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739776595',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=micro-hardness&__cf_chl_f_tk=xYDMG76fw5JCb732MMG0kZcrmXcFkd4D_8yzRfRuG1M-1739776595-1.0.1.1-Tbngx4uNjDb1WXMZEcfn3AKVdWCWvb5WqbtnfS0R44g",md: "3pp4bPZR08IqsbF_Ml14sD5k8ZNIPK4sC7BGPtcmT6w-1739776595-1.2.1.1-.PU4GrUAfw7rCEAwRnoGVbWvMNt2MnpqoZnv3kfTmwCi6owMhsNBfksuK5ocQ4EoCUDmBALuT0Dov2B3uoHFYYJwFYkdsCOJXfwicZat_JQkKsvzcCgg_X6ebRSp6lxXRa2pSx1bx1zB3cfaOzR_Nt2sAOiPNOJg_lt_bzeq.ArvRTq0Px3AOjEhtDMFTcKPl5eLZa6.tETDS0tcgK2BZAwNaXlhAJHGlFJU97NN0BPOSlKhIadFZj4K4Sau.YLa6c3dhVaO3Op6VZd1GbrMsmQkjCvsdar7iQ0bsH4m5mCK7w.UUhphgX8rDEXSzJL_0Sdy3VBZVoxWTpY5V06830zRN82CkXmZA_ngLWBcSk7K2fMZcnJmW6XwIdYeXohMLZHOwND37ZNZbnwVH.YU9MtencdU8waRC_s819gmDwOkfsKtN7_WR4me1sgT1m8LBTG8Z3b78OV8W6gyE.3iFY2Vd2QajFEUdGuR3hCPOi5diXgUgrLiH7_hQpVhJA8Y0XwoonRiDHgUf2IK9eSfEAXR3WcekK1Q.D7Xp.8UKywCT97LvxSINFqWMmCWxNIsD.BAXfXs7i5BnWyQMdGspylu3FUUg4pK7xQwogu.Nf3W5z3EFu8bg2pQot79dSt0NMd2OFMG0UNTDmubkcEJ44czv8Mu_Q70DrLezicKVniodYzI4iyhqQ.OfoCQa4B9vkqzQncTmFVPylS51NAiYTQ2QzS5gk_Fz4a0ezEznJKpU16PcyDXEGhXF0Z0jDmByvQenpSoVVNctGHocf3AVrxM5yZ6jw9dyfuAdN6Br8fXAEcfO2hZoBAIHEXp_NALIkXcgR0T2r0OD6Ot8JgdzZQYw.9THOX0rMH0GMY1RjtW4e7O3Dt1alV0LbVgcCR1_gnCfSWOe14gm97u2OhAZvUiUN_gWLgyeNi1SIF74wu._80t3R4RKHfFUStTbTOPWlOLKlXqDGT.AJy6obbI5p_8bEbFlTb61uhvlygwy1SPmfpKrEVZLTJM5XWa36I.ov1gkEsMlAVAAIGGl_Y_2ejAmVNFkwlnK.ji7_pDDoymCmF5bYdF7FS.kyxNdvddZqxyL64ExF2feilgN1.wuRiHY1_R83SrmYI9bz1M.rHmA9LspBCVQAyL.UpTRQ7uzpuFpd6ITe6hzy_HePKt40uuhR3jR3vkfzCQ.dHjh2eQ2okIpZyioLkuKE5oHeTkvOatuCzX6RXUeyEvgWS6MpkWCdVy8kZ8Jp17EU1bMfoSI9q2OvJwfX5fZT7hI6Y45P8wZNZGEhrSc36jZfjYwMilJGP6QYwZrWJlIbIayTvEVneGmZekNvd8xpnLyJO6xC093LGQFa0XmDdkVlZPQa3W7tEy7ffO5HOov19WtnpkS0tJX3_yb4JCEwKES.oaZV6jx9dGTvlmc5Vt8b9XgxbRzzpereYj8RTCn5A8VSGCURC43XnZaM21azUTKTZ_yfHRD17QLvdajgVYqHhgtf40XmJBD66WHQVZKG4xwzgxuNJWzt1SmVc.AWemTmWMGoFP.J1L9Te73FLfzmJmELocp4lvDyMu7qHASWClUuQp4FwQxQzRn6bGebg0GD17.JnborKClXor3KIMprGI0RgcWSXepz_keOs_zIbGbMDK6hiU9Y3CEMYGBPtSYJpsI._QasESPkgWxYLlbFPu0m4R2N2g5Wjx2dbwU9L9NikgDKO_9jVFvbtPricGkOSEuTTQ.q0XDEvx3K2rZVm.alUG3vZgS.tQmYdmV9PGkZh19KWuv25mmbsbWkJMXpYEFbNKNNCje_yom7JD.eEhxmZ0hSyH8Sjt1tBY.2Jk4tWZDIgJXHDs3mQtTvHMR_FCXQ2jkiYxljqNYs6DdF4ySoHRwELevdQptZJuzteOMJk920QzKLMJjhAGZAiQpcZJRhIkA0i8dOJDNdosNWwKsavdq_zkFK_nC304y86CT4E",mdrd: "KuNZB6fDD62EeYr93xapCNRIs8bWcUeOqtrEy.OIsrk-1739776595-1.2.1.1-gkYZV9Wny2.Hp3uyOnCoG0qeQncHHZ_zQwClAIUxP5y2y.V.2rlubfAghOGKJgPRY5SuV5TGUXIpk926puAnx6Trulh34UzQIFjMjDdo5Y0TlNxfm.WS_LhoKDNcDqKBPJTjDwZxpNNuUAjq4FMhskdWSQjsB90GN1kgJczPfBmEhf9wbPnMXKly7TK6YLehoitjywkuwBw111UwB3pS4IGsG_TcJZLqD6BuLdaDI2UPrmluxnrWLAdfw25ebdSnCAX.B20cONgHG9989ioRL0jnA2K6L6fnVIZsLG_JGaxq2StV7vPZKM3iYOHkAqQQJPEX_vtEw1RavquBChz8H.ZbPs5HaSrL.wNp3F7l2CjXjEPkWt70a2q3tNfegsVsfIUsvmqWEP_ImMYo1Sdx5LhqiZbL_HWWWBg_oasGl1eaFOAuXfZBkX0D.KozaS9dzt_oLaE0NMME4vLjBgrhAj2d8SAibh9OsTUq62Y1wsmn8kNB70FqMagg1xMvj3UqPHG9hw5LNwmHitBvls.u6QNQdFRDrFBA1yYZKMoLzniVkit3kNaPdBz2hAxqEgedtgFrm0GF8y0kq3wHGErGQHirP9SwkgY6R6okgWhaNDoBL.BtjQxaC91r0jJ8doURiaxeqW2GaFhHPDYWl.ybiQ0gkbipJYA4v6bcX4xNhiOsTKJKR40LWeQ.SfCt.evoHgbKhO9aw4_nbvFCUR1L8uuKzc99Sb215f6nGAB7ruMUxP969BaeNp9z6Vg6oHGmGwTpmFE_aLiFQ2WhuVy7X5m94v3GmoS_MWLnZnXLUgSwZp.WKy2gNsNJSAx36LsQKVqqzlyKRpsqnbGJlx1qJHMwQ3B97NeflFMlOpmJsBU88lNB7MXX2.Z6DSyI8M8OjLj7dMXYBYJkcM9lMHQdnPhOajsxpsSztS.tGiC9KjgOB9PhaKlXk2qUitJsyJJXlAu9L4QbEYDHPbZhA6DFvlECbH6.xwSRLJ6GDbezjt5B4UIO.J0cAu_8YlL8q3urQuWunSqNJ2evoDALhEho2VZhZSltmH8H_6vt0ZDz5wDZOfhUesCkbiloM5vbd58wqw5Im_DhlwnjZgXKhNAUb5TdmYNyfCM6uY6Rrmw_Hdwb83hA2MeDurW22Ylffb07WIC4jJNLqpwd3Yb6lA6eE9V2X5O0PffZ8wWghjm2n.abbbB7XzjTunroIZF_HQt1OSCSb4tN6PA8FZy7Taql2koMKkAjVJ6ys7l040Cr5PI0uweWmh_laymhryym0k6aW6KRPs2JofXf1A3c2fdOFMLWtJuc3bJUP2o_UJEdzBKZ9kNpGlZjmzy2PDjZmae1mhU0cGxGmRcv0gU1u7N2bDz7yaEC8tMYhUgYRgBt2JyDjl7Rxev02g.oeDWJlFH7JjPHSSCNcHcqkEJkr7u3M_RHo495lv6CpsB25yogeeYByYzpJ4gDwBCu0grEVj0MOf9pzDSDVzAykg7oLD2C4H.M8Z0W5zvkX0kfaJuaDGjeamkeHunx6CNzkfXu6Btu35mrVEXM7CdcahfkfnGCJ_0UWCpUyFimYpz.zlOzr2BifTBGfiqwXtW8uaGQuBrHTAxYoRLHEwSislW5G4Wu__9EQj7Hwjm5p8SxSJLIEs6HEPiil.KXX8saLtUMxywTSK8sJryl94nMksxkinz7W1BmwK_SqDjimEVaeG5M6Kbt9Yz0tZ2.YWwzupCMEQnEtHpljrz2TZSsJqjBGqXlH8wFrpfG_dsMBnZAeVHGWbgfp3sMv1sd8PXJGx9e.o44GWkSSReQLCN4CNHv.l_mg0gMvdFEWS_TpjZjOtDDiaoYIj2jb2Lmh6sG365lv7Ryg9KG0QgLfC6zZ.30NlxYMuXieHBBN.YzlXYVsPWusgILqjpL8V9_aTjmfJUk.z_84k3hkZ28Nnz3ubcc3ZkAE2x8T62qjCp2hP7xgTgByWP2QBVDJrH82TiZUeCACvCI"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133fe29fbdbfd37';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=micro-hardness&__cf_chl_rt_tk=xYDMG76fw5JCb732MMG0kZcrmXcFkd4D_8yzRfRuG1M-1739776595-1.0.1.1-Tbngx4uNjDb1WXMZEcfn3AKVdWCWvb5WqbtnfS0R44g" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>