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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abolition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Abolition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abolition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_slavery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_slavery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modern slavery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_slavery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Slavery" title="Category:Slavery">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour" title="Forced labour">Forced labour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IJzeren_voetring_voor_gevangenen_transparent_background.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Shackles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IJzeren_voetring_voor_gevangenen_transparent_background.png/125px-IJzeren_voetring_voor_gevangenen_transparent_background.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IJzeren_voetring_voor_gevangenen_transparent_background.png/188px-IJzeren_voetring_voor_gevangenen_transparent_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IJzeren_voetring_voor_gevangenen_transparent_background.png/250px-IJzeren_voetring_voor_gevangenen_transparent_background.png 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="272" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_21st_century" title="Slavery in the 21st century">Contemporary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_military" title="Children in the military">Child soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_sexual_exploitation_of_children" title="Commercial sexual exploitation of children">CSEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_bondage" title="Debt bondage">Debt bondage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debt_bondage_in_India" title="Debt bondage in India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_marriage" title="Forced marriage">Forced marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bride_buying" title="Bride buying">Bride buying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage" title="Child marriage">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_prostitution" title="Forced prostitution">Forced prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">Human trafficking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trafficking_of_children" title="Trafficking of children">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_China" title="Human trafficking in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex_trafficking" title="Cybersex trafficking">Cybersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Europe" title="Human trafficking in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraud_factory" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraud factory">Fraud factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_India" title="Human trafficking in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_United_States" title="Human trafficking in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Involuntary_servitude" title="Involuntary servitude">Involuntary servitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_21st-century_jihadism" title="Slavery in 21st-century jihadism">... in 21st-century jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_contemporary_Africa" title="Slavery in contemporary Africa">... in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peon" title="Peon">Peonage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_labour" title="Penal labour">Penal labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking" title="Sex trafficking">Sex trafficking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_China" title="Sex trafficking in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Europe" title="Sex trafficking in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_the_United_States" title="Sex trafficking in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">Sexual slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">Historical</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_antiquity" title="Slavery in antiquity">Antiquity</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Slavery in ancient Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_law#Three_classes" title="Babylonian law">Babylonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Greece" title="Slavery in ancient Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Rome" title="Slavery in ancient Rome">Rome</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_medieval_Europe" title="Slavery in medieval Europe">Medieval Europe</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancillae" title="Ancillae">Ancillae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_slave_trade" title="Black Sea slave trade">Black Sea slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Slavery in the Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kholop" title="Kholop">Kholop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_slave_trade" title="Prague slave trade">Prague slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">Serfs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_serfdom" title="History of serfdom">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serfdom_in_Russia" title="Serfdom in Russia">In Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_reform_of_1861" title="Emancipation reform of 1861">Emancipation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrall" title="Thrall">Thrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoese_slave_trade" title="Genoese slave trade">Genoese slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_slave_trade" title="Venetian slave trade">Venetian slave trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_slave_trade" title="Balkan slave trade">Balkan slave trade</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_the_Muslim_world" title="History of slavery in the Muslim world">Muslim world</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate">Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_al-Andalus" title="Slavery in al-Andalus">Slavery in al-Andalus</a> ‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqt" title="Baqt">Baqt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukataba" title="Mukataba">Contract of manumission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukhara_slave_trade" title="Bukhara slave trade">Bukhara slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean slave trade">Crimean slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafala_system" title="Kafala system">Kafala system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazar_slave_trade" title="Khazar slave trade">Khazar slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khivan_slave_trade" title="Khivan slave trade">Khivan slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Slavery in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avret_Pazarlar%C4%B1" title="Avret Pazarları">Avret Pazarları</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_on_the_Barbary_Coast" title="Slavery on the Barbary Coast">Barbary Coast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_slave_trade" title="Barbary slave trade">slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbary pirates">pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Baltimore" title="Sack of Baltimore">Sack of Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_raid_of_Su%C3%B0uroy" title="Slave raid of Suðuroy">Slave raid of Suðuroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Abductions" title="Turkish Abductions">Turkish Abductions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_concubinage" title="Islamic views on concubinage">Concubinage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_concubinage_in_the_Muslim_world" title="History of concubinage in the Muslim world">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_malakat_aymanukum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma malakat aymanukum">Ma malakat aymanukum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avret_Pazarlar%C4%B1" title="Avret Pazarları">Avret Pazarları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_harem" title="Abbasid harem">Abbasid harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Imperial_Harem" title="Ottoman Imperial Harem">Ottoman Imperial Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_imperial_harem" title="Safavid imperial harem">Safavid imperial harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_harem" title="Qajar harem">Qajar harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarya" title="Jarya">Jarya</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cariye" title="Cariye">Cariye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odalisque" title="Odalisque">Odalisque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiyan" title="Qiyan">Qiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-walad" title="Umm al-walad">Umm al-walad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Circassian slave trade">Circassian slave trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saqaliba" title="Saqaliba">Saqaliba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate">Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate">Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate">Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Bulgarian_slave_trade" title="Volga Bulgarian slave trade">Volga Bulgarian slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_21st-century_jihadism" title="Slavery in 21st-century jihadism">21st century</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_slave_trade" title="Bristol slave trade">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade_to_Brazil" title="Atlantic slave trade to Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyages:_The_Trans-Atlantic_Slave_Trade_Database" title="Voyages: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database">Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Slave_Coast" title="Dutch Slave Coast">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Passage" title="Middle Passage">Middle Passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes_slave_trade" title="Nantes slave trade">Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_New_France" title="Slavery in New France">New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyarring" title="Panyarring">Panyarring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_colonial_Spanish_America" title="Slavery in colonial Spanish America">Spanish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Coast_of_West_Africa" title="Slave Coast of West Africa">Slave Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the colonial history of the United States">Thirteen colonies</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Topics and practice</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackbirding" title="Blackbirding">Blackbirding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_children_in_the_military" title="History of children in the military">Child soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghilman" title="Ghilman">Ghilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devshirme" title="Devshirme">Devshirme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolie" title="Coolie">Coolie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corv%C3%A9e" title="Corvée">Corvée labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drapetomania" title="Drapetomania">Drapetomania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysaesthesia_aethiopica" title="Dysaesthesia aethiopica">Dysaesthesia aethiopica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Field slaves in the United States">Field slaves in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Treatment of slaves in the United States">Treatment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladiator" title="Gladiator">Gladiator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladiatrix" title="Gladiatrix">Gladiatrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_slave" title="House slave">House slaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planter_class" title="Planter class">Planter class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proslavery_thought" title="Proslavery thought">Proslavery thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saqaliba" title="Saqaliba">Saqaliba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasoning_(slavery)" title="Seasoning (slavery)">Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_market" title="Slave market">Slave market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Power" title="Slave Power">Slave Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_raiding" title="Slave raiding">Slave raiding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavocracy" title="Slavocracy">Slavocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_slavery" title="Voluntary slavery">Voluntary slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_slavery" title="White slavery">White slavery</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Naval</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galley_slave" title="Galley slave">Galley slave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressment" title="Impressment">Impressment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbary pirates">Pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghaiing" title="Shanghaiing">Shanghaiing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_ship" title="Slave ship">Slave ship</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By country or region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Africa" title="Slavery in Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_contemporary_Africa" title="Slavery in contemporary Africa">Contemporary Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Saharan_slave_trade" title="Trans-Saharan slave trade">Trans-Saharan slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_slave_trade" title="Red Sea slave trade">Red Sea slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_slave_trade" title="Indian Ocean slave trade">Indian Ocean slave trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanzibar slave trade">Zanzibar slave trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Angola" title="Slavery in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Chad" title="Human trafficking in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Comoros" title="Slavery in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Ethiopia" title="Slavery in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Mali" title="Slavery in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Mauritania" title="Slavery in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Niger" title="Slavery in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Nigeria" title="Slavery in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Seychelles" title="Slavery in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Somalia" title="Slavery in Somalia">Somalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somali_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Somali slave trade">Somali slave trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_South_Africa" title="Slavery in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Sudan" title="Slavery in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Zanzibar" title="Slavery in Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the Americas">North and South America</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Pre-Columbian_America" title="Slavery in Pre-Columbian America">Pre-Columbian America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_slavery" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec slavery">Aztec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery among the indigenous peoples of the Americas">Americas indigenous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery among Native Americans in the United States">U.S. Natives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Field slaves in the United States">field slaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Female slavery in the United States">female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_slavery_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemporary slavery in the United States">contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partus_sequitur_ventrem" title="Partus sequitur ventrem">partus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_labor_in_the_United_States" title="Penal labor in the United States">prison labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_codes" title="Slave codes">slave codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_the_enslaved_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Treatment of the enslaved in the United States">treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_trade_in_the_United_States" title="Slave trade in the United States">interregional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-slavery_ideology_in_the_United_States" title="Pro-slavery ideology in the United States">proslavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sexual_slavery_in_the_United_States" title="History of sexual slavery in the United States">sexual slavery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Bahamas" title="Slavery in the Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Canada" title="Slavery in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_British_and_French_Caribbean" title="Slavery in the British and French Caribbean">Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbados_Slave_Code" title="Barbados Slave Code">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Slavery in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Trinidad" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in Trinidad">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_Noir" title="Code Noir">Code Noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Latin_America" title="Slavery in Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Brazil" title="Slavery in Brazil">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lei_%C3%81urea" title="Lei Áurea">Lei Áurea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Colombia" title="Slavery in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Cuba" title="Slavery in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Haiti" title="Slavery in Haiti">Haiti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restavek" title="Restavek">Restavek</a></li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">Encomienda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro%E2%80%93Puerto_Ricans" title="Afro–Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Asia" title="Slavery in Asia">East, Southeast, and South Asia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haruwa-charuwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Haruwa-charuwa">Haruwa-charuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Human trafficking in Southeast Asia">Human trafficking in Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Bhutan" title="Slavery in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Brunei" title="Slavery in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_China" title="Slavery in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Booi_Aha" title="Booi Aha">Booi Aha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunuchs_in_China" title="Eunuchs in China">Eunuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laogai" title="Laogai">Laogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_system_in_China" title="Penal system in China">penal system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_India" title="Slavery in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debt_bondage_in_India" title="Debt bondage in India">Debt bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukri_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Chukri System">Chukri System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawi_system" title="Bawi system">Bawi system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Indonesia" title="Slavery in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Japan" title="Slavery in Japan">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">comfort women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karayuki-san" title="Karayuki-san">Karayuki-san</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Korea" title="Slavery in Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwalliso" title="Kwalliso">Kwalliso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobi" title="Nobi">Nobi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Malaysia" title="Slavery in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Mongol_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the Mongol Empire">Slavery in the Mongol Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Thailand" title="Slavery in Thailand">Thailand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_and_prostitution_in_South_Korea" title="United States military and prostitution in South Korea">Yankee princess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Vietnam" title="Slavery in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in Oceania">Australia and Oceania</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Australia" title="Slavery in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Australia" title="Human trafficking in Australia">Human trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackbirding" title="Blackbirding">Blackbirding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_raiding_in_Easter_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave raiding in Easter Island">Slave raiding in Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea">Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackbirding_in_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackbirding in Polynesia">Blackbirding in Polynesia</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Europe and North Asia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Europe" title="Sex trafficking in Europe">Sex trafficking in Europe</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penal_labour_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Penal labour in the United Kingdom">Penal Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Britain" title="Slavery in Britain">Slavery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_slave_trade" title="Danish slave trade">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Slave_Coast" title="Dutch Slave Coast">Dutch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">Germany in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Malta" title="Slavery in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrall" title="Thrall">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Poland" title="Slavery in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Portugal" title="Slavery in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Romania" title="Slavery in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Russia" title="Slavery in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Spain" title="Slavery in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_slave_trade" title="Swedish slave trade">Sweden</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>North Africa and West Asia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Algeria" title="Slavery in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Bahrain" title="Slavery in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Egypt" title="Slavery in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_Middle_East" title="Human trafficking in the Middle East">Human trafficking in the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Iran" title="Slavery in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Iraq" title="Slavery in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Jordan" title="Slavery in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Kuwait" title="Slavery in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Lebanon" title="Slavery in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Libya" title="Slavery in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Morocco" title="Slavery in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Oman" title="Slavery in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Palestine" title="Slavery in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Slavery in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Syria" title="Slavery in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Tunisia" title="Slavery in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Qatar" title="Slavery in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Yemen" title="Slavery in Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Slavery_and_religion" title="Slavery and religion">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_slavery" title="The Bible and slavery">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_slavery" title="Christian views on slavery">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_slavery" title="Catholic Church and slavery">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism_and_slavery" title="Mormonism and slavery">Mormonism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_slavery" title="Islamic views on slavery">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_slavery" title="Jewish views on slavery">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_slavery" class="mw-redirect" title="Baháʼí Faith and slavery">Baháʼí Faith</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">Opposition and resistance</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">Abolitionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Abolitionism in the United Kingdom">U.K.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Anti-Slavery_Conference_1889%E2%80%9390" title="Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90">Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Slavery_Commission" title="Temporary Slavery Commission">Temporary Slavery Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Slavery_Convention" title="1926 Slavery Convention">1926 Slavery Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Experts_on_Slavery" title="Committee of Experts on Slavery">Committee of Experts on Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Committee_of_Experts_on_Slavery" title="Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery">Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad_Hoc_Committee_on_Slavery" title="Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery">Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supplementary_Convention_on_the_Abolition_of_Slavery" title="Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery">Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abolitionists" title="List of abolitionists">Abolitionists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Slave_Trade_Convention" title="Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention">Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavery_International" title="Anti-Slavery International">Anti-Slavery International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Africa" title="Blockade of Africa">Blockade of Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Africa_Squadron" title="West Africa Squadron">U.K.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Slave_Trade_Patrol" title="African Slave Trade Patrol">U.S.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Colonization_Society" title="American Colonization Society">Colonization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compensated_emancipation" title="Compensated emancipation">Compensated emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedman" title="Freedman">Freedman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manumission" title="Manumission">Manumission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_suit" title="Freedom suit">Freedom suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Power" title="Slave Power">Slave Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_the_Underground_Railroad" title="Songs of the Underground Railroad">songs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_rebellion" title="Slave rebellion">Slave rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade_Act" title="Slave Trade Act">Slave Trade Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_international_law" title="Slavery in international law">International law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Servile_War" title="Third Servile War">Third Servile War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13th Amendment to the United States Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom" title="Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom">Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abolition_of_slave_trade_in_Persian_gulf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf (page does not exist)">Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3" class="extiw" title="fa:ممنوعیت تجارت برده در خلیج فارس">fa</a>]</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_at_common_law" title="Slavery at common law">Common law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">Indentured servitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour" title="Forced labour">Forced labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Fugitive slaves in the United States">Fugitive slaves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slave_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Fugitive slave laws in the United States">laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Convention" title="Fugitive Slave Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dismal_Swamp_maroons" title="Great Dismal Swamp maroons">Great Dismal Swamp maroons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_slaves" title="List of slaves">List of slaves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_slave_owners" title="List of slave owners">owners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_last_survivors_of_American_slavery" title="List of last survivors of American slavery">last survivors of American slavery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_slavery-related_memorials_and_museums" title="List of slavery-related memorials and museums">List of slavery-related memorials and museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_marriages_in_the_United_States" title="Slave marriages in the United States">Slave marriages in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_narrative" title="Slave narrative">Slave narrative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Songs_of_the_United_States" title="Slave Songs of the United States">songs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_name" title="Slave name">Slave name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_catcher" title="Slave catcher">Slave catcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_patrol" title="Slave patrol">Slave patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Slave_Route_Project" title="The Slave Route Project">Slave Route Project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slave_breeding_in_the_United_States" title="Slave breeding in the United States">breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_court_cases_in_the_United_States_involving_slavery" title="List of court cases in the United States involving slavery">court cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_slavery" title="George Washington and slavery">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_and_slavery" title="Thomas Jefferson and slavery">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams_and_abolitionism" title="John Quincy Adams and abolitionism">J.Q. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_and_slavery" title="Abraham Lincoln and slavery">Lincoln</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_acres_and_a_mule" title="Forty acres and a mule">40 acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedmen%27s_Bureau" title="Freedmen's Bureau">Freedmen's Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_iron_bit" title="Slave iron bit">Iron bit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Day" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Forced_labour" title="Template:Forced labour"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Forced_labour" title="Template talk:Forced labour"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Forced_labour" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Forced labour"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Slavery in Afghanistan</b> was present in the post-Classical <a href="/wiki/History_of_Afghanistan" title="History of Afghanistan">history of Afghanistan</a>, continued during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, and persisted into the 1920s. </p><p>The origin of the enslaved people in Afghanistan shifted during different periods, and slaves in Afghanistan never had any particular ethnicity. Slavery was formally abolished in 1923. A form of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">sexual slavery</a> of young boys called <i><a href="/wiki/Bacha_bazi" title="Bacha bazi">bacha bāzī</a></i> continues into the present day as of 2025. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Iran" title="Slavery in Iran">Slavery in Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate">Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate">Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate">Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Mongol_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the Mongol Empire">Slavery in the Mongol Empire</a></div> <p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a> (1747–1823), Afghanistan often belonged to other larger states, primarily Persia. The history of the institution of Afghanistan is thus represented by the history of slavery in bigger states. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slave_trade">Slave trade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Slave trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Islamic conquest of Persia</a>, regions of both Persia and Afghanistan that had not converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> were considered infidel regions, and as a result, they were considered legitimate targets of slave raids that were launched from regions whose populations had converted to Islam: for example Daylam in northwestern Iran and the mountainous region of <a href="/wiki/Ghor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghor">Ḡūr</a> in central Afghanistan were both exposed to slave raids which were launched from Muslim regions.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was considered legitimate to enslave war captives; during the Afghan occupation of Persia (1722–1730), for example, thousands of people were enslaved, and the Baluch made regular incursions into Southeastern Iran for the purpose of capturing people and turning them into slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-barda_abo_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barda_abo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The slave traffic in Afghanistan was particularly active in the northwest, where 400 to 500 were sold annually.<sup id="cite_ref-barda_abo_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barda_abo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> According to a report of an expedition to Afghanistan published in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in 1871:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>The country generally between Caubul (<a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Oxus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxus">Oxus</a> appears to be in a very lawless state; slavery is as rife as ever, and extends through <a href="/wiki/Hazara_region" title="Hazara region">Hazara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badakshan" class="mw-redirect" title="Badakshan">Badakshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wakhan" title="Wakhan">Wakhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tashkurgan_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashkurgan Town">Sirikul</a>, Kunjūt (<a href="/wiki/Hunza_(princely_state)" title="Hunza (princely state)">Hunza</a>), &c. A slave, if a strong man likely to stand work well, is, in Upper Badakshan, considered to be of the same value as one of the large dogs of the country, or of a horse, being about the equivalent of Rs 80. A slave girl is valued at from four horses or more, according to her looks &c.; men are, however, almost always exchanged for dogs. When I was in Little Tibet (<a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>), a returned slave who had been in the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> army took refuge in my camp; he said he was well enough treated as to food &c., but he could never get over having been exchanged for a dog, and constantly harped on the subject, the man who sold him evidently thinking the dog the better animal of the two. In Lower Badakshan, and more distant places, the price of slaves is much enhanced, and payment is made in coin.</p></blockquote><p>In response to the <a href="/wiki/Hazara_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazara people">Hazara</a> <a href="/wiki/1888%E2%80%931893_uprisings_of_Hazaras" class="mw-redirect" title="1888–1893 uprisings of Hazaras">uprising of 1892</a>, the Afghan Emir <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a> declared a "<a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a>" against the Shiites. His large army defeated the rebellion at its center, in <a href="/wiki/Oruzgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oruzgan">Oruzgan</a>, by 1892 and the local population was being massacred. According to S. A. Mousavi, "thousands of Hazara men, women, and children were sold as slaves in the markets of Kabul and Qandahar, while numerous towers of human heads were made from the defeated rebels as a warning to others who might challenge the rule of the Amir".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Southern Iran, poor parents sold their children into slavery, and as late as around 1900, slave raids were conducted by chieftains in south Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-barda_abo_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barda_abo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slave_market">Slave market</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Slave market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The markets for captives from South Iran were often in Arabia and Afghanistan; "most of the slave girls employed as domestics in the houses of the gentry at Kandahar were brought from the outlying districts of Ghayn".<sup id="cite_ref-barda_abo_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barda_abo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most slaves were employed as agricultural laborers, domestic slaves and sexual slaves, while other slaves served in administrative positions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slaves in Afghanistan possessed some social mobility, especially those slaves who were owned by the government. Slavery was more common in towns and cities, because some Afghan tribal communities did not readily engage in the slave trade; according to some sources, the decentralized nature of Afghan tribes forced more urbanized areas to import slaves to fill labor shortages. Most slaves in Afghanistan had been imported from Persia and Central Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The British doctor John Alfred Gray a personal physician to Amir Abdul Rehman Khan, described:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><blockquote><p>Recently in Kabul it was very common sight to see a gang of Hazara women with their unveiled faces and their dingy dresses ragged and dirty conducted through the town by a small guard of soldiers with bayonets fixed. As the war progressed, they became so plentiful that His Highness would often reward a faithful servant or officer by presenting him with one or more as an addition to his Harem. </p></blockquote><p>Segments of the Hazara people were still living in slavery and sold in the slave market of Kabul as late as in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.se_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.se-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Royal_harem">Royal harem</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Royal harem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rulers of Afghanistan customarily had a harem of four official wives as well as a large number of unofficial wives for the sake of tribal marriage diplomacy,<sup id="cite_ref-Ismati_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ismati-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in Islam">enslaved harem women</a> known as <i>kaniz</i> ("slave girl"<sup id="cite_ref-auto_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and <i>surati</i> or <i>surriyat</i> ("mistress" or concubine)<sup id="cite_ref-auto_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), guarded by the <i>ghulam bacha</i> (<a href="/wiki/Eunuch" title="Eunuch">eunuchs</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rulers of Afghanistan customarily had a harem of four official wives as well as a large number of unofficial wives for the sake of tribal marriage diplomacy.<sup id="cite_ref-Ismati_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ismati-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, they also had <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in Islam">enslaved harem women</a> known as <i><a href="/wiki/Kaniz_(slave)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaniz (slave)">kaniz</a></i> (“slave girl”<sup id="cite_ref-archive1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and <i>surati</i> or <i>surriyat</i> ("mistress"<sup id="cite_ref-archive1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), guarded by the <i><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_bacha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghulam bacha">ghulam bacha</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Eunuch" title="Eunuch">eunuchs</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Habibullah_Khan" title="Habibullah Khan">Habibullah Khan</a> (r. 1901–1919) famously had at least 44 wives and hundreds of slave women (mostly <a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazara</a>) in his harem in the Harem Sara Palace. The women of the royal harem dressed in Western fashion as far back as the reign Habibullah Khan, but did not show themselves other than completely covered outside of the enclosed area of the royal palace. </p><p>The royal harem was first abolished by king <a href="/wiki/Amanullah_Khan" title="Amanullah Khan">Amanullah Khan</a>, who in 1923 freed all slaves of the royal harem as well as encouraging his wife, queen <a href="/wiki/Soraya_Tarzi" title="Soraya Tarzi">Soraya Tarzi</a>, and the other women of the royal family to unveil and live public lives.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceE_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the royal women returned to the purdah of the royal complex after the deposition of Amanullah in 1929, it was dissolved with the final unveiling of the royal women in 1959. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abolition">Abolition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Abolition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Amanullah Khan banned slavery in the 1920s,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many of the slaves at the time of the abolition were of Hazara origin.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.se_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.se-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the time of the official abolition of slavery in 1923, there were about 700 enslaved people in Kabul, called <i>begar</i> or impressed labor.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slaves under the age of twelve were sold for a price of 50 rupees and slaves over twelve cost 30 rupees; most wealthy families had at least one or two slaves, and it was common to exchange them as gifts.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Male slaves were often referred to as <i>ghulam</i>, and female as either <i>kaniz</i> (domestic maidservants) or <i>surriyat</i> (referring to concubines).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amanullah_Khan" title="Amanullah Khan">Amanullah Khan</a> banned slavery in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> in the 1923 Constitution,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the practice carried on unofficially for many more years.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Swede <a href="/wiki/Aurora_Nilsson" title="Aurora Nilsson">Aurora Nilsson</a>, who lived in Kabul in 1926–1927, described the occurrence of slavery in Kabul in her memoirs,<sup id="cite_ref-ffh_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ffh-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as how a German woman, the widow of an <a href="/wiki/Afridi_(Pashtun)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afridi (Pashtun)">Afridi</a> man named Abdullah Khan, who had fled to the city with her children from her late husband's successor, was sold at public auction and obtained her freedom by being bought by the German diplomatic mission for 7,000 marks.<sup id="cite_ref-ffh_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ffh-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_slavery">Modern slavery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern slavery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, one of the atrocities committed by the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> was the enslavement of the <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Afghanistan" title="Women in Afghanistan">Afghan</a> women for use as concubines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAli2015a53–54_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAli2015a53–54-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClausDiamondMills20037_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClausDiamondMills20037-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, eyewitnesses in <a href="/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Mazar-i-Sharif">Mazar e Sharif</a> reported the hundreds of Shia girls had been abducted by Taliban fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENojumi2016168_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENojumi2016168-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One source suggests that up to 400 Afghan women were involved.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERashid201075–_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERashid201075–-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A form of sexual slavery of young boys called <i><a href="/wiki/Bacha_bazi" title="Bacha bazi">bacha bāzī</a></i> in which men exploit adolescent boys for entertainment and/or sexual abuse continues into the present day as of 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-USDOS_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDOS-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Unaccompanied_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unaccompanied-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GlobalInitiative_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalInitiative-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukhara_slave_trade" title="Bukhara slave trade">Bukhara slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khivan_slave_trade" title="Khivan slave trade">Khivan slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Iran" title="Slavery in Iran">Slavery in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_the_Muslim_world" title="History of slavery in the Muslim world">History of slavery in the Muslim world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_concubinage_in_the_Muslim_world" title="History of concubinage in the Muslim world">History of concubinage in the Muslim world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Slavery in Saudi Arabia">Slavery in Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Oman" title="Slavery in Oman">Slavery in Oman</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/barda-iii">"BARDA and BARDA-DĀRI iii. In the Islamic period up to the Mongol invasion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>. December 15, 1988<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.atitle=BARDA+and+BARDA-D%C4%80RI+iii.+In+the+Islamic+period+up+to+the+Mongol+invasion&rft.date=1988-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbarda-iii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barda_abo-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-barda_abo_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barda_abo_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barda_abo_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barda_abo_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/barda-iv">"BARDA and BARDA-DĀRI iv. From the Mongols to the abolition of slavery"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>. December 15, 1988<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.atitle=BARDA+and+BARDA-D%C4%80RI+iv.+From+the+Mongols+to+the+abolition+of+slavery&rft.date=1988-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbarda-iv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontgomerie1871" class="citation journal cs1">Montgomerie, T. G. (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3698058">"Report of "The Mirzas" Exploration from Caubul to Kashgar"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Geographical_Journal" title="The Geographical Journal">Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London</a></i>. <b>41</b>: <span class="nowrap">132–</span>193. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3698058">10.2307/3698058</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0266-6235">0266-6235</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3698058">3698058</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Geographical+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=Report+of+%22The+Mirzas%22+Exploration+from+Caubul+to+Kashgar&rft.volume=41&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E132-%3C%2Fspan%3E193&rft.date=1871&rft.issn=0266-6235&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3698058%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3698058&rft.aulast=Montgomerie&rft.aufirst=T.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2F3698058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/the-history-of-afghanistan-fayz-muhammad-katib-hazarahs-siraj-al-tawarikh-by-r.-">The History Of Afghanistan Fayż Muḥammad Kātib Hazārah’s Sirāj Al Tawārīkh By R. D. Mcchesney, M. M. Khorrami (trans.,ann.)</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emeka Anwuna(Nwaeze): <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K4IyDwAAQBAJ&dq=hazara+slavery+1923&pg=PT245">World Slave History</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmadi2002" class="citation book cs1">Emadi, Hafizullah (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/928478390"><i>Repression, resistance, and women in Afghanistan</i></a>. Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97671-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97671-8"><bdi>0-275-97671-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/928478390">928478390</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Repression%2C+resistance%2C+and+women+in+Afghanistan&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F928478390&rft.isbn=0-275-97671-8&rft.aulast=Emadi&rft.aufirst=Hafizullah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F928478390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hafizullah Emadi: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CPVZo2FF5fkC&dq=hazara+slavery+1923&pg=PA60">Repression, Resistance, and Women in Afghanistan</a></i>, p 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shireen Burki: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZqaAAAAQBAJ&dq=hazara+slavery+1923&pg=PA102">The Politics of State Intervention: Gender Politics in Pakistan, Afghanistan ...</a></i>, p 102</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Niamatullah Ibrahimi: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mvlNDwAAQBAJ&dq=hazara+slavery+1923&pg=PA90">The Hazaras and the Afghan State: Rebellion, Exclusion and the Struggle for ...</a></i>, p 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Raghav Sharma: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JI6uDAAAQBAJ&dq=hazara+slavery+1923&pg=PA81">Nation, Ethnicity and the Conflict in Afghanistan: Political Islam and the ...</a></i>, p 80-81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkins2008" class="citation journal cs1">Hopkins, B. D. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20488036">"Race, Sex and Slavery: 'Forced Labour' in Central Asia and Afghanistan in the Early 19th Century"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Asian_Studies" title="Modern Asian Studies">Modern Asian Studies</a></i>. <b>42</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">629–</span>671. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0026749X0600271X">10.1017/S0026749X0600271X</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-749X">0026-749X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20488036">20488036</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145068664">145068664</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Race%2C+Sex+and+Slavery%3A+%27Forced+Labour%27+in+Central+Asia+and+Afghanistan+in+the+Early+19th+Century&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E629-%3C%2Fspan%3E671&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=0026-749X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145068664%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20488036%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0026749X0600271X&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=B.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20488036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray1895" class="citation book cs1">Gray, J.A. (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/At_the_Court_of_the_Amir/qHBdPmC2Pw4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR3&printsec=frontcover"><i>At the Court of the Amir: A Narrative</i></a>. London: Richard Bentley and Son – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+the+Court+of+the+Amir%3A+A+Narrative&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Richard+Bentley+and+Son&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=J.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FAt_the_Court_of_the_Amir%2FqHBdPmC2Pw4C%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26pg%3DPR3%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilles Dorronsoro: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FApipiENsgwC&dq=hazara+uprising+slavery+1923&pg=PA46">Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to the Present</a></i> p. 45-46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.se-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.se_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.se_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Nazif Shahrani: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xRlZDwAAQBAJ&dq=hazara+slavery+1923&pg=PT332">Modern Afghanistan: The Impact of 40 Years of War</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rebecca Stuh: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=urke9HGyepsC&dq=hazara+slavery+1923&pg=PA75">Reading Khaled Hosseini</a></i>, p 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. A. Mousavi: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXl0DwAAQBAJ&dq=hazara+slavery+1923&pg=PT130">The Hazaras of Afghanistan</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ismati-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ismati_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ismati_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsmati1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ismati, Masoma (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/azu_acku_ds355_ain68_1365/mode/1up"><i>موقف و نقش زنان افغان از اواخر هژده الی اخیر قرن نوزده</i></a> [<i>The position and role of Afghan women in Afghan society, from the late 18th to the 19th century</i>] (in Arabic). Kabul: <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_Afghanistan" title="Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan">Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81+%D9%88+%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4+%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B1+%D9%87%DA%98%D8%AF%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1+%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87&rft.place=Kabul&rft.pub=Academy+of+Sciences+of+Afghanistan&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Ismati&rft.aufirst=Masoma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fazu_acku_ds355_ain68_1365%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKātib_Hazārah2013–2016" class="citation book cs1">Kātib Hazārah, Fayz̤ Muḥammad (2013–2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/the-history-of-afghanistan-fayz-muhammad-katib-hazarahs-siraj-al-tawarikh-by-r.-"><i>The history of Afghanistan : Fayz Muhammad Katib Hazarah's Siraj al-tawarikh</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-23492-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-23492-5"><bdi>978-90-04-23492-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/810773180">810773180</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Afghanistan+%3A+Fayz+Muhammad+Katib+Hazarah%27s+Siraj+al-tawarikh&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2013%2F2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F810773180&rft.isbn=978-90-04-23492-5&rft.aulast=K%C4%81tib+Haz%C4%81rah&rft.aufirst=Fayz%CC%A4+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthe-history-of-afghanistan-fayz-muhammad-katib-hazarahs-siraj-al-tawarikh-by-r.-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archive1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-archive1_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archive1_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/the-history-of-afghanistan-fayz-muhammad-katib-hazarahs-siraj-al-tawarikh-by-r.-/The%20History%20of%20Afghanistan%20Fayz%CC%87%20Muh%CC%A3ammad%20Ka%CC%84tib%20Haza%CC%84rah%E2%80%99s%20Sira%CC%84j%20Al-tawa%CC%84ri%CC%84kh%20by%20R.%20D.%20Mcchesney%2C%20M.%20M.%20Khorrami%20%28trans.%2Cann.%29%20%28z-lib.org%29_djvu.txt">The History Of Afghanistan Fayż Muḥammad Kātib Hazārah’s Sirāj Al Tawārīkh By R. D. Mcchesney, M. M. Khorrami (trans.,ann.)</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceE-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Timothy Nunan: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IL8wCwAAQBAJ&dq=Queen+Humaira+veil&pg=PA184">Humanitarian Invasion: Global Development in Cold War Afghanistan</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afghangovernment.com/Constitution1923.htm">"Afghan Constitution: 1923"</a>. Afghangovernment.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afghan+Constitution%3A+1923&rft.pub=Afghangovernment.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afghangovernment.com%2FConstitution1923.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927221924/https://afghanmagazine.com/2004_06/articles/hsadat.shtml/">"Afghan History: kite flying, kite running and kite banning By Mir Hekmatullah Sadat"</a>. Afghanmagazine.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afghanmagazine.com/2004_06/articles/hsadat.shtml">the original</a> on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afghan+History%3A+kite+flying%2C+kite+running+and+kite+banning+By+Mir+Hekmatullah+Sadat&rft.pub=Afghanmagazine.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afghanmagazine.com%2F2004_06%2Farticles%2Fhsadat.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ffh-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ffh_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ffh_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNilsson1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Nilsson" title="Aurora Nilsson">Nilsson, Aurora</a> (1998). <i>Flykten från harem</i> [<i>Flight from a Harem</i>] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Nykopia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-86936-01-8" title="Special:BookSources/91-86936-01-8"><bdi>91-86936-01-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flykten+fr%C3%A5n+harem&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Nykopia&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=91-86936-01-8&rft.aulast=Nilsson&rft.aufirst=Aurora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAli2015a53–54-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAli2015a53–54_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAli2015a">Ali 2015a</a>, p. 53–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClausDiamondMills20037-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClausDiamondMills20037_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClausDiamondMills2003">Claus, Diamond & Mills 2003</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENojumi2016168-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENojumi2016168_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNojumi2016">Nojumi 2016</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERashid201075–-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERashid201075–_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRashid2010">Rashid 2010</a>, pp. 75–.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USDOS-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USDOS_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/afghanistan/">"2024 Trafficking in Persons Report: Afghanistan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a>. 2024. <q>Although bacha bazi is officially banned, the practice has continued after the Taliban takeover. Observers reported that Taliban members were, in some cases, perpetrators of bacha bazi. ... Observers reported bacha bazi victims were hesitant to report their exploitation out of fear of punishment from the Taliban and social stigma. ... Observers report cases of bacha bazi by the Taliban and nearly all armed groups. Bacha bazi survivors reported to NGOs an 'overwhelming understanding that bacha bazi is committed by the powerful, including community leaders ....'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+Trafficking+in+Persons+Report%3A+Afghanistan&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Freports%2F2024-trafficking-in-persons-report%2Fafghanistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Unaccompanied-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Unaccompanied_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/afghanistan-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-unaccompanied-children-afghanistan-november-2024-accessible">"Country policy and information note: unaccompanied children, Afghanistan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UK_Visas_and_Immigration" title="UK Visas and Immigration">UK Visas and Immigration</a>. November 2024. <q>According to a June 2024 report by UN Women 'Bacha bazi has been notoriously difficult to monitor, as it is practiced discreetly ... mainly by higher-ranking, well-connected Afghan men. While the Taliban outlawed this practice during the period of Taliban regime rule between 1996 and 2001, it has not been explicitly addressed by the DFA since their seizure of State power in August 2021. ... The USDOL 2023 report noted '…the Taliban considered some child trafficking victims, especially those engaged in bacha bazi or in armed conflict, as criminals, housing them in juvenile detention centers, and subjecting them to physical abuse and other forms of ill treatment rather than referring them to victim support services.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+policy+and+information+note%3A+unaccompanied+children%2C+Afghanistan&rft.pub=UK+Visas+and+Immigration&rft.date=2024-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Fafghanistan-country-policy-and-information-notes%2Fcountry-policy-and-information-note-unaccompanied-children-afghanistan-november-2024-accessible&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalInitiative-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalInitiative_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoang2022" class="citation web cs1">Hoang, Thi (May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/human-trafficking-in-the-afghan-context-briefing.pdf">"Human trafficking in the Afghan context: Caught between a rock and a hard place?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Geneva: <a href="/wiki/Global_Initiative_Against_Transnational_Organized_Crime" title="Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime">Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime</a>. p. 5. <q>Given the various reports of the Taliban's human trafficking practices over the past two decades, such as the use of bacha bazi ... it can therefore be expected that, under the Taliban's rule, current human rights violations and human trafficking practices will continue and often be amplified in the name of preserving traditional values and cultural norms.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+trafficking+in+the+Afghan+context%3A+Caught+between+a+rock+and+a+hard+place%3F&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Global+Initiative+Against+Transnational+Organized+Crime&rft.date=2022-05&rft.aulast=Hoang&rft.aufirst=Thi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalinitiative.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F06%2Fhuman-trafficking-in-the-afghan-context-briefing.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli2015a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kecia_Ali" title="Kecia Ali">Ali, Kecia</a> (21 December 2015a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=my4XCwAAQBAJ"><i>Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Reflections on Qur'an, Hadith and Jurisprudence</i></a>. Oneworld Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78074-853-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78074-853-5"><bdi>978-1-78074-853-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sexual+Ethics+and+Islam%3A+Feminist+Reflections+on+Qur%27an%2C+Hadith+and+Jurisprudence&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=2015-12-21&rft.isbn=978-1-78074-853-5&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Kecia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmy4XCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClausDiamondMills2003" class="citation book cs1">Claus, Peter J.; Diamond, Sarah; Mills, Margaret Ann (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ienxrTPHzzwC&pg=PA7"><i>South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93919-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93919-5"><bdi>978-0-415-93919-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Asian+Folklore%3A+An+Encyclopedia%3A+Afghanistan%2C+Bangladesh%2C+India%2C+Nepal%2C+Pakistan%2C+Sri+Lanka&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-93919-5&rft.aulast=Claus&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rft.au=Diamond%2C+Sarah&rft.au=Mills%2C+Margaret+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DienxrTPHzzwC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNojumi2016" class="citation book cs1">Nojumi, N. (30 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h18YDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA168"><i>The Rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan: Mass Mobilization, Civil War, and the Future of the Region</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-29910-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-29910-1"><bdi>978-0-312-29910-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+Taliban+in+Afghanistan%3A+Mass+Mobilization%2C+Civil+War%2C+and+the+Future+of+the+Region&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2016-04-30&rft.isbn=978-0-312-29910-1&rft.aulast=Nojumi&rft.aufirst=N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh18YDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRashid2010" class="citation book cs1">Rashid, Ahmed (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dld2wJ2Z__4C&pg=PA75"><i>Taliban</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. pp. 75–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-16484-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-16484-8"><bdi>978-0-300-16484-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taliban&rft.pages=75-&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-300-16484-8&rft.aulast=Rashid&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddld2wJ2Z__4C%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavery+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Slavery_in_Asia411" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Slavery_in_Asia411" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Asia" title="Slavery in Asia">Slavery in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Bahrain" title="Slavery in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Bangladesh (page does not exist)">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Bhutan" title="Slavery in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Brunei" title="Slavery in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_China" title="Slavery in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Egypt" title="Slavery in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_India" title="Slavery in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Indonesia" title="Slavery in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Iran" title="Slavery in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Iraq" title="Slavery in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Israel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Israel (page does not exist)">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Japan" title="Slavery in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Jordan" title="Slavery in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Kuwait" title="Slavery in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Kyrgyzstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Lebanon" title="Slavery in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Malaysia" title="Slavery in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Myanmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Myanmar (page does not exist)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Oman" title="Slavery in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Qatar" title="Slavery in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Russia" title="Slavery in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Slavery in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Syria" title="Slavery in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Thailand" title="Slavery in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Timor-Leste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Timor-Leste (page does not exist)">Timor-Leste (East Timor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Turkey" title="Slavery in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Vietnam" title="Slavery in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Yemen" title="Slavery in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Taiwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Taiwan (page does not exist)">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Hong Kong (page does not exist)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavery_in_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavery in Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" 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