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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_bending" title="Circuit bending – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Circuit bending" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_bending" title="Circuit bending – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Circuit bending" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_bending" title="Circuit bending – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Circuit bending" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_bending" title="Circuit bending – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Circuit bending" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_bending" title="Circuit bending – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Circuit bending" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="サーキットベンディング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サーキットベンディング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_bending" title="Circuit bending – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Circuit bending" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_bending" title="Circuit bending – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Circuit bending" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_bending" title="Circuit bending – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Circuit bending" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_bending" title="Circuit bending – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Circuit bending" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devre_b%C3%BCkme" title="Devre bükme – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Devre bükme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF%E6%93%BE%E5%8B%95" title="電路擾動 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="電路擾動" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q518192#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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searchaux" style="display:none">Modification of an electronic device to create an instrument</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Circuit_bending&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bending.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bending.jpg/220px-Bending.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bending.jpg/330px-Bending.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bending.jpg/440px-Bending.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Probing for "bends" using a jeweler's screwdriver and alligator clips</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Circuit bending</b> is the creative customization of the circuits within electronic devices such as children's <a href="/wiki/Toy" title="Toy">toys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_synthesizer" title="Digital synthesizer">digital synthesizers</a> to create new musical or visual instruments and sound generators. Circuit bending is manipulating a circuit to get an output that was not intended by the manufacturer.<sup id="cite_ref-Mirapaul_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirapaul-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emphasizing spontaneity and randomness, the techniques of circuit bending have been commonly associated with <a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">noise music</a>, though many more conventional contemporary musicians and musical groups have been known to experiment with "bent" instruments. Circuit bending usually involves dismantling the machine and adding components such as switches and <a href="/wiki/Potentiometer" title="Potentiometer">potentiometers</a> that alter the circuit. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Experimental_process">Experimental process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circuit_bending&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Experimental process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Circuit_bending" title="Special:EditPage/Circuit bending">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Circuit-1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Circuit-1.png/220px-Circuit-1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Circuit-1.png/330px-Circuit-1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Circuit-1.png/440px-Circuit-1.png 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A circuit-bent <a href="/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman">Walkman</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1989_Kawasaki_Electronic_Digital_Guitar_by_Remco_circuit_bend_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/1989_Kawasaki_Electronic_Digital_Guitar_by_Remco_circuit_bend_2.jpg/220px-1989_Kawasaki_Electronic_Digital_Guitar_by_Remco_circuit_bend_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/1989_Kawasaki_Electronic_Digital_Guitar_by_Remco_circuit_bend_2.jpg/330px-1989_Kawasaki_Electronic_Digital_Guitar_by_Remco_circuit_bend_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/1989_Kawasaki_Electronic_Digital_Guitar_by_Remco_circuit_bend_2.jpg/440px-1989_Kawasaki_Electronic_Digital_Guitar_by_Remco_circuit_bend_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1127" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>A 1989 Kawasaki toy guitar used in a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFsA5b9rCdk">circuit bending project</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The process of circuit bending involves experimenting with inexpensive second-hand electronics that produce sounds, such as toys, keyboards, <a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">drum machines</a>, and electronic learning products.<sup id="cite_ref-Mirapaul_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirapaul-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Musician" title="Electronic Musician">Electronic Musician</a></i>, innovators should only experiment with battery-powered devices, because there is a danger of fire or death from experimenting with <a href="/wiki/Mains_electricity" title="Mains electricity">mains-powered</a> devices.<sup id="cite_ref-em-2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-em-2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yamaha_PSR-6_circuit_bended_@_Dorkbot_Helsinki_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Yamaha_PSR-6_circuit_bended_%40_Dorkbot_Helsinki_2007.jpg/220px-Yamaha_PSR-6_circuit_bended_%40_Dorkbot_Helsinki_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Yamaha_PSR-6_circuit_bended_%40_Dorkbot_Helsinki_2007.jpg/330px-Yamaha_PSR-6_circuit_bended_%40_Dorkbot_Helsinki_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Yamaha_PSR-6_circuit_bended_%40_Dorkbot_Helsinki_2007.jpg/440px-Yamaha_PSR-6_circuit_bended_%40_Dorkbot_Helsinki_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A Yamaha PSR-6 used in a circuit bending project</figcaption></figure> <p>The simplest input, and the one most identified with circuit bending, is the body contact,<sup id="cite_ref-Ghazala-BC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghazala-BC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the performer's touch causes the circuit to change the sound. Often metal knobs, plates, screws or studs are wired to these circuit points to give easier access to these points from the outside the case of the device. </p><p>Since creative experimentation<sup id="cite_ref-SoundArt2015_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoundArt2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a key element to the practice of circuit bending, there is always a possibility that short circuiting may yield undesirable results, including component failure. In particular, connecting the power supply or a capacitor directly to a computer chip lead can destroy the chip and make the device inoperable. Before beginning to do circuit bending, a person should learn the basic risk factors about working with electrical and electronic products, including how to identify capacitors (which can give a person a serious shock due to the electrical charge that they store), and how to avoid risks with mains electricity. For safety reasons, a circuit bender should have a few basic electronics tools, such as a <a href="/wiki/Multimeter" title="Multimeter">multimeter</a> (an electronic testing device which measures voltage, resistance and other factors). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Innovators">Innovators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circuit_bending&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Innovators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bend_Matrix!_by_4ms_pedals_-_routing_manager_especially_for_circuit_bending.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bend_Matrix%21_by_4ms_pedals_-_routing_manager_especially_for_circuit_bending.jpg/220px-Bend_Matrix%21_by_4ms_pedals_-_routing_manager_especially_for_circuit_bending.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bend_Matrix%21_by_4ms_pedals_-_routing_manager_especially_for_circuit_bending.jpg/330px-Bend_Matrix%21_by_4ms_pedals_-_routing_manager_especially_for_circuit_bending.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bend_Matrix%21_by_4ms_pedals_-_routing_manager_especially_for_circuit_bending.jpg/440px-Bend_Matrix%21_by_4ms_pedals_-_routing_manager_especially_for_circuit_bending.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A Bend Matrix device made specifically for circuit bending</figcaption></figure> <p>Although similar methods were previously used by other musicians and engineers, this method of music creation is believed to have been pioneered by <a href="/wiki/Reed_Ghazala" title="Reed Ghazala">Reed Ghazala</a> in the 1960s. Ghazala's experience with circuit-bending began in 1966, when a toy <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistor</a> <a href="/wiki/Amplifier" title="Amplifier">amplifier</a>, by chance, shorted-out against a metal object in his desk drawer, resulting in a stream of unusual sounds.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghazala_2006_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghazala_2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Ghazala says that he was not the first circuit bender, he coined the term Circuit Bending in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-Deahl_2018_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deahl_2018-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Serge_Tcherepnin" title="Serge Tcherepnin">Serge Tcherepnin</a>, designer of the <a href="/wiki/Serge_modular_synthesizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Serge modular synthesizer">Serge modular synthesizers</a>, discussed<sup id="cite_ref-Vail_2000_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vail_2000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his early experiments in the 1950s, with the <a href="/wiki/Transistor_radio" title="Transistor radio">transistor radio</a>, in which he found sensitive circuit points in those simple electronic devices and brought them out to "body contacts" on the plastic chassis. Prior to Mark's and Reed's experiments other pioneers also explored the body-contact idea, one of the earliest being <a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Cahill" title="Thaddeus Cahill">Thaddeus Cahill</a> (1897) whose <a href="/wiki/Telharmonium" title="Telharmonium">telharmonium</a>, it is reported, was also touch-sensitive. </p><p>Since 1984, Swiss duo <a href="/wiki/Voice_Crack" title="Voice Crack">Voice Crack</a> created music by manipulating common electronic devices in a practice they termed "cracked everyday electronics".<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_2008_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circuit_bending&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kraakdoos_(Cracklebox).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kraakdoos_%28Cracklebox%29.jpg/220px-Kraakdoos_%28Cracklebox%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kraakdoos_%28Cracklebox%29.jpg/330px-Kraakdoos_%28Cracklebox%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kraakdoos_%28Cracklebox%29.jpg/440px-Kraakdoos_%28Cracklebox%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kraakdoos" title="Kraakdoos">Kraakdoos</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Punk_Console" class="mw-redirect" title="Atari Punk Console">Atari Punk Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiptunes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiptunes">Chiptunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_bending" class="mw-redirect" title="Data bending">Data bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_art_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic art music">Electronic art music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitch_(music)" title="Glitch (music)">Glitch (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitching" class="mw-redirect" title="Glitching">Glitching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraakdoos" title="Kraakdoos">Kraakdoos</a> (CrackleBox)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIDIbox" title="MIDIbox">MIDIbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology_SID" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS Technology SID">MOS Technology SID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Tech_Fest" class="mw-redirect" title="Music Tech Fest">Music Tech Fest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIME" class="mw-redirect" title="NIME">NIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="No-Fi">No-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_software" title="List of music software">List of music software</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circuit_bending&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mirapaul-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mirapaul_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mirapaul_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMirapaul2004" class="citation news cs1">Mirapaul, Matthew (2004-04-08). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_bending">"Circuit Benders Unlock the Long Riffs in Short-Circuits"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Circuit+Benders+Unlock+the+Long+Riffs+in+Short-Circuits&rft.date=2004-04-08&rft.aulast=Mirapaul&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCircuit_bending&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACircuit+bending" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-em-2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-em-2014_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNies2014" class="citation web cs1">Nies, Joker (2014-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190628065727/https://www.emusician.com/how-to/circuit-bend-electronic-toys-into-sonic-monsters">"Circuit-Bend Electronic Toys Into Sonic Monsters!"</a>. <i>Electronic Musician</i>. Bath: <a href="/wiki/Future_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Future Publishing">Future Publishing</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emusician.com/how-to/circuit-bend-electronic-toys-into-sonic-monsters">the original</a> on 2019-06-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Musician&rft.atitle=Circuit-Bend+Electronic+Toys+Into+Sonic+Monsters%21&rft.date=2014-06-30&rft.aulast=Nies&rft.aufirst=Joker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emusician.com%2Fhow-to%2Fcircuit-bend-electronic-toys-into-sonic-monsters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACircuit+bending" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ghazala-BC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ghazala-BC_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhazala" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Qubais_Reed_Ghazala" class="mw-redirect" title="Qubais Reed Ghazala">Ghazala, Qubais Reed</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anti-theory.com/soundart/circuitbend/cb14.html">"body contacts"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=body+contacts&rft.aulast=Ghazala&rft.aufirst=Qubais+Reed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anti-theory.com%2Fsoundart%2Fcircuitbend%2Fcb14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACircuit+bending" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SoundArt2015-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SoundArt2015_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anti-theory.com/soundart/circuitbend/cb06.html">"circuit-bending"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=circuit-bending&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anti-theory.com%2Fsoundart%2Fcircuitbend%2Fcb06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACircuit+bending" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ghazala_2006-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ghazala_2006_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQubais_Ghazala2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Qubais_Reed_Ghazala" class="mw-redirect" title="Qubais Reed Ghazala">Qubais Ghazala, Reed</a> (2006). <i>Circuit-Bending, Build Your Own Alien Instruments</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Circuit-Bending%2C+Build+Your+Own+Alien+Instruments&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Qubais+Ghazala&rft.aufirst=Reed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACircuit+bending" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deahl_2018-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Deahl_2018_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeahl2018" class="citation web cs1">Deahl, Dani (2018-09-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/14/17844906/circuit-bending-hacking-a-furby-in-the-name-of-music">"Hacking a Furby in the name of music"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Hacking+a+Furby+in+the+name+of+music&rft.date=2018-09-14&rft.aulast=Deahl&rft.aufirst=Dani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2018%2F9%2F14%2F17844906%2Fcircuit-bending-hacking-a-furby-in-the-name-of-music&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACircuit+bending" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vail_2000-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vail_2000_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVail2000" class="citation book cs1">Vail, Mark (2000-03-15). <i>Vintage Synthesizers: Pioneering Designers, Groundbreaking Instruments, Collecting Tips, Mutants of Technology</i> (2.00 ed.). Backbeat Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vintage+Synthesizers%3A+Pioneering+Designers%2C+Groundbreaking+Instruments%2C+Collecting+Tips%2C+Mutants+of+Technology&rft.edition=2.00&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2000-03-15&rft.aulast=Vail&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACircuit+bending" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paris_2008-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paris_2008_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paristransatlantic.com/magazine/monthly2008/12dec_text.html#3">"YULE 2008"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=YULE+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paristransatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Fmonthly2008%2F12dec_text.html%233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACircuit+bending" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circuit_bending&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandezIazzetta" class="citation web cs1">Fernandez, Alexandre Marino; Iazzetta, Fernando. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scribd.com/doc/89212547/Circuit-bending-and-the-DIY-Culture">"Circuit-Bending and DIY Culture"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Circuit-Bending+and+DIY+Culture&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=Alexandre+Marino&rft.au=Iazzetta%2C+Fernando&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscribd.com%2Fdoc%2F89212547%2FCircuit-bending-and-the-DIY-Culture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACircuit+bending" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteffan2014" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Steffan, Philip (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maker-faire.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Musik-mit-Floppies.pdf">"Floppy-Symphonie"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bastelprojekt. <i>c't Hacks</i> (in German). Vol. 2014, no. 1. <a href="/wiki/Heise_Zeitschriften_Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Heise Zeitschriften Verlag">Heise Zeitschriften Verlag</a>. p. 149. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220101174337/https://maker-faire.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Musik-mit-Floppies.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=c%27t+Hacks&rft.atitle=Floppy-Symphonie&rft.volume=2014&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=149&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Steffan&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaker-faire.de%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F03%2FMusik-mit-Floppies.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACircuit+bending" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circuit_bending&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oddmusic.com/illogic/index.html">oddmusic.com's circuit bending section</a> - Gallery of some of Reed Ghazala's work, facts, history, tutorial, benders guide, tools of the trade and more</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anti-theory.com/soundart/circuitbend/cb01.html">Q. R. Ghazala's How-To</a> Ghazala's official website tutorial</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getlofi.com">GetLoFi</a> a circuit bending blog with a lot of circuit bending tips and resources</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110831142946/http://tv.sonicstate.com/play.php?vid=155">Interview on Circuit Bending with Igor Amokian Part I</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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title="Avant-garde music">Avant-garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_music" title="Drone music">Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroacoustic_music" title="Electroacoustic music">Electroacoustic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acousmatic_music" title="Acousmatic music">Acousmatic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Tape music">Tape music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_music" title="Minimal music">Minimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musique_concrete" class="mw-redirect" title="Musique concrete">Musique concrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danger_music" title="Danger music">Danger</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Experimental popular<br />music genres</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_jazz" title="Avant-garde jazz">Avant-garde jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_metal" title="Avant-garde metal">Avant-garde metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-metal" title="Post-metal">Post-metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-pop" title="Avant-pop">Avant-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-prog" title="Avant-prog">Avant-prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-punk" title="Avant-punk">Avant-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomusic" title="Biomusic">Biomusic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deconstructed_club" title="Deconstructed club">Deconstructed club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Experimental rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">Art rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_punk" title="Art punk">Art punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Math_rock" title="Math rock">Math rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-prog" title="Neo-prog">Neo-prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_wave" title="No wave">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_dance_music" title="Intelligent dance music">Intelligent dance music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofolk" title="Neofolk">Neofolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_music" title="Wave music">Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_pop" title="Art pop">Art pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-funk" title="Avant-funk">Avant-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">Ambient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_metal" title="Drone metal">Drone metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_improvisation" title="Free improvisation">Free improvisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_jazz" title="Free jazz">Free jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitch_(music)" title="Glitch (music)">Glitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpop" title="Hyperpop">Hyperpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive jazz">Progressive jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_jazz" title="Punk jazz">Punk jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_house_(genre)" title="Witch house (genre)">Witch house</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extended_technique" title="Extended technique">Extended techniques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_bridge" title="3rd bridge">3rd bridge</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Circuit bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frippertronics" title="Frippertronics">Frippertronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plunderphonics" title="Plunderphonics">Plunderphonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared_guitar" title="Prepared guitar">Prepared guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared_piano" title="Prepared piano">Prepared piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scordatura" title="Scordatura">Scordatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">Turntablism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cymatics" title="Cymatics">Cymatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_sonification" title="Data sonification">Data sonification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_musical_instrument" title="Experimental musical instrument">Experimental musical instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_luthier" title="Experimental luthier">Experimental luthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">Progressive music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_art" title="Sound art">Sound art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_collage" title="Sound collage">Sound collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_installation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound installation">Sound installation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_sculpture" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound sculpture">Sound sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soundscape" title="Soundscape">Soundscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroacoustic_improvisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Electroacoustic improvisation">Electroacoustic improvisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_experimental_music_festivals" title="List of experimental music festivals">List of experimental music festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electronic_music_festivals" title="List of electronic music festivals">List of electronic music festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_experimental_musicians" title="List of experimental musicians">List of experimental musicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="DIY_culture_in_electronic_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:DIY_culture_in_electronic_music" title="Template:DIY culture in electronic music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:DIY_culture_in_electronic_music" title="Template talk:DIY culture in electronic music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:DIY_culture_in_electronic_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:DIY culture in electronic music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="DIY_culture_in_electronic_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY culture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiptune" title="Chiptune">Chiptune</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Circuit bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modular_synthesizer" title="Modular synthesizer">Modular synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackspace" class="mw-redirect" title="Hackspace">Hackspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitch_(music)" title="Glitch (music)">Glitch (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_loop" title="Tape loop">Tape loop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors and early pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Cahill" title="Thaddeus Cahill">Thaddeus Cahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Russolo" title="Luigi Russolo">Luigi Russolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Theremin" title="Leon Theremin">Leon Theremin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delia_Derbyshire" title="Delia Derbyshire">Delia Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Moog" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Moog">Bob Moog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Tudor" title="David Tudor">David Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Ghazala" title="Reed Ghazala">Reed Ghazala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Tcherepnin" title="Serge Tcherepnin">Serge Tcherepnin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Punk_Console" class="mw-redirect" title="Atari Punk Console">Atari Punk Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_Buddy" title="Drum Buddy">Drum Buddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraakdoos" title="Kraakdoos">Kraakdoos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Circuits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speak_%26_Spell_(toy)" title="Speak & Spell (toy)">Speak & Spell (toy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_TB-303" title="Roland TB-303">Roland TB-303</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop" title="BBC Radiophonic Workshop">BBC Radiophonic Workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEIM" title="STEIM">STEIM</a></li> <li>Elektronmusikstudion</li> <li>Casper Electronics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_By_Audio" title="Death By Audio">Death By Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_Electronics_Library" title="Musical Electronics Library">Musical Electronics Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Collins" title="Nicolas Collins">Nicolas Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bart_Hopkin" title="Bart Hopkin">Bart Hopkin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_musical_instrument" title="Experimental musical instrument">Experimental musical instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acousmonium" title="Acousmonium">Acousmonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitch" title="Glitch">Glitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_sound" title="Graphical sound">Graphical sound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Electronic_music" title="Category:Electronic music">Category: Electronic music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chiptune" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chiptune-footer" title="Template:Chiptune-footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chiptune-footer" title="Template talk:Chiptune-footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chiptune-footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chiptune-footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chiptune" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chiptune" title="Chiptune">Chiptune</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitpop" title="Bitpop">Bitpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Module_file" title="Module file">Tracker music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendocore" title="Nintendocore">Nintendocore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skweee" title="Skweee">Skweee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_music" title="Video game music">Video game music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sound_chip" title="Sound chip">Sound chip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_tracker" title="Music tracker">Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy" title="Game Boy">Game Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blip_Festival" title="Blip Festival">Blip Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAGFest" title="MAGFest">MAGFest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8bitpeoples" title="8bitpeoples">8bitpeoples</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Circuit bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitch_(music)" title="Glitch (music)">Glitch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a> <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">Ambient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_techno" title="Ambient techno">Ambient techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakbeat" title="Breakbeat">Breakbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bass" title="Drum and bass">Drum and bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubstep" title="Dubstep">Dubstep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_(music)" title="Electro (music)">Electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurobeat" title="Eurobeat">Eurobeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_techno" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardcore techno">Hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi-NRG" title="Hi-NRG">Hi-NRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop">J-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthpop" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthpop">Synthpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trance_music" title="Trance music">Trance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trip_hop" title="Trip hop">Trip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_garage" title="UK garage">UK garage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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