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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nuclear physicist and meteorologist (1928–2013)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Naeem Ahmad Khan</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1928-04-12</span>)</span>12 April 1928<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Hoshiarpur" title="Hoshiarpur">Hoshiarpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">India</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Present day, Hoshiarpur, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 29, 2013<span style="display:none">(2013-09-29)</span> (aged 85)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Risalpur" title="Risalpur">Risalpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_passport" title="British Indian passport">India</a> (1928–1947)<br />Pakistan (1947–2013)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Delhi">University of Delhi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sindh_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindh University">Sindh University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Karachi_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Karachi University">Karachi University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_nuclear_track_detector" title="Solid-state nuclear track detector">Solid-state nuclear track detector</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction">Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sitara-i-Imtiaz" title="Sitara-i-Imtiaz">Sitara-i-Imtiaz</a> (2000)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">Nuclear physics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission">Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission</a> (PAEC)<br /><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Institute_of_Nuclear_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology">Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology</a> (PINSTECH)<br /><a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a> (IMD)<br /><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Meteorological_Department" title="Pakistan Meteorological Department">Pakistan Meteorological Department</a> (PMD)<br /><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research">Council for Scientific and Industrial Research</a> (PCSIR)<br /><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_Academy" title="Pakistan Air Force Academy">PAF Air Force Academy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Air_University_(Pakistan_Air_Force)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air University (Pakistan Air Force)">Air University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Karachi" title="University of Karachi">University of Karachi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">University of Punjab</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Naeem Ahmad Khan</b> (12 April 1928 – 29 September 2013), <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Pakistan_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences">FPAS</a></span>, was a Pakistani nuclear physicist and a professor of physics who was known for his work in developing techniques using the <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_nuclear_track_detector" title="Solid-state nuclear track detector">solid-state nuclear track detector</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_nuclear_magnetic_resonance" title="Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance">solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he worked with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Government of Pakistan</a> for most of his career, he also taught physics at a number of Pakistani universities and was the civilian scientist of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Pakistan Air Force</a> (PAF) until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naeem_Ahmad_Khan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khan was born in <a href="/wiki/Hoshiarpur" title="Hoshiarpur">Hoshiarpur</a>, Punjab, British India on 12 April 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He enrolled at the University of Delhi and attended <a href="/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_College,_Delhi" title="St. Stephen's College, Delhi">St. Stephen's College</a>, where he received a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree with honors in mathematics in 1946.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 346">: 346 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dar_Publications,_Reza,_1990_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dar_Publications,_Reza,_1990-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 228">: 228 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harrap_Research_Pub.,_Haslett,_1963_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrap_Research_Pub.,_Haslett,_1963-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khan then joined the Indian Meteorological Department (Indian Met Office), transferring to the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Meteorological_Department" title="Pakistan Meteorological Department">Pakistan Meteorological Department</a> after the 1947 <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Independence of Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khan left the Pakistan Meteorological Department in 1948 to attend Sindh University in Hyderabad, where he received a Master of Arts (MA) degree in mathematics in 1950.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 231">: 231 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) the following year, was commissioned as a lieutenant, and was a senior instructor in Air Force education units.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 102">: 102 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Biographical_Research_Institute,_Pakistan,_for_International_Publishers_(Pakistan)_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biographical_Research_Institute,_Pakistan,_for_International_Publishers_(Pakistan)-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Becoming interested in physics, Khan transferred to the Air Force Reserve to attend the physics program at Karachi University in 1953.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 102">: 102 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Biographical_Research_Institute,_Pakistan,_for_International_Publishers_(Pakistan)_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biographical_Research_Institute,_Pakistan,_for_International_Publishers_(Pakistan)-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khan received a Master of Science (MSc) degree in physics (with research focused on mass spectroscopy) from Karachi University in 1955, and obtained funding from the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission">Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission</a> (PAEC) to pursue doctoral studies in physics in the United Kingdom the following year.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 175">: 175 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 231">: 231 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pakistan_Academy_of_Sciences_Press_Publications_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pakistan_Academy_of_Sciences_Press_Publications-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a> and received a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in nuclear physics in 1958.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 288">: 288 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harrap_Research_Pub.,_Haslett,_1963_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrap_Research_Pub.,_Haslett,_1963-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PAEC_atomic_scientists_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAEC_atomic_scientists-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959, he became a fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Physical_Society_of_London" title="Physical Society of London">Physical Society of London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career"><span class="anchor" id="Scientific_career"></span>Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naeem_Ahmad_Khan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan_Atomic_Energy_Commission">Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naeem_Ahmad_Khan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khan returned from England and joined the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) in 1960. Promoted as a scientific officer the following year, his early research focused on low-energy nuclear reactions. Khan then returned to the United Kingdom,<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31">: 31 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he conducted his postdoctoral research at the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Research_Establishment" title="Atomic Energy Research Establishment">Atomic Energy Research Establishment</a> in Harwell (funded by the PAEC and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Atomic_Energy_Authority" title="United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority">United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority</a>).<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PAEC_atomic_scientists_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAEC_atomic_scientists-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He went to the United States in 1962, and was a research fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a> in Philadelphia in 1964 and 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-Pakistan_Academy_of_Sciences_Press_Publications_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pakistan_Academy_of_Sciences_Press_Publications-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 102">: 102 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Biographical_Research_Institute,_Pakistan,_for_International_Publishers_(Pakistan)_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biographical_Research_Institute,_Pakistan,_for_International_Publishers_(Pakistan)-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khan returned to Pakistan in 1965, and was a senior scientific officer at the PAEC Minerals Center in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>; he became its principal scientific officer in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He formed the Nuclear Physics Group, with mechanical engineer <a href="/wiki/Hafeez_Qureshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafeez Qureshi">Hafeez Qureshi</a> and physicists <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Bashiruddin_Mahmood" title="Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood">Bashiruddin Mahmud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samar_Mubarakmand" title="Samar Mubarakmand">Samar Mubarakmand</a> as key members.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2–3">: 2–3 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nuclear Physics Division made fundamental calculations on <a href="/wiki/Neutron_scattering" title="Neutron scattering">neutron scattering</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Gas_centrifuge" title="Gas centrifuge">gas centrifuge</a> process before it was disbanded by 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Nation,_2007_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Nation,_2007-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khan was posted to the PAEC's administration in 1970, and was its director of training and international affairs before becoming secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His research continued to focus on developing a solid-state nuclear track detector, and he aided work on neutron scattering; in 1968, he published an article on the subject with Qureshi.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khan was appointed director of the Research Technological Department in 1975, directing the Nuclear Physics Division before becoming director of the Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (Pakistan's national laboratory) in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_and_government_work"><span class="anchor" id="Chair_PCSIR,_academia_and_Government_of_Pakistan"></span>Academic and government work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naeem_Ahmad_Khan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Academic and government work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khan became chairman of the Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) in 1984, where he remained until he became technical adviser to the Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH) in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a founding fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_World_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Islamic World Academy of Sciences">Islamic World Academy of Sciences</a> in 1986, promoting science and technology in the Islamic world.<sup id="cite_ref-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khan left COMSTECH in 1996, and was vice-president of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pakistan Academy of Sciences">Pakistan Academy of Sciences</a> (PAS) until the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, Khan became a professor of physics at Karachi University, Sindh University in Hyderabad, <a href="/wiki/Quaid-i-Azam_University" title="Quaid-i-Azam University">Quaid-e-Azam University</a> in Islamabad, <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">Punjab University</a> in Lahore, and the Air University in Islamabad.<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He supervised five doctoral candidates in physics at Punjab University who were funded by the PAEC.<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khan also worked for the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_(Petroleum_Division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Energy (Petroleum Division)">Ministry of Energy</a> (MoE), and briefly served on the advisory board of the <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon_Development_Institute_of_Pakistan" title="Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan">Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, he became the Pakistan Air Force's (PAF) civilian scientist, instructing its pilots on aerodynamics and meteorology at the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_Academy" title="Pakistan Air Force Academy">Pakistan Air Force Academy</a> in Risalpur.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khan died in Islamabad on 29 September 2013, and is buried there.<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Physicist <a href="/wiki/Noor_Muhammad_Butt" title="Noor Muhammad Butt">N. M. Butt</a> published a eulogy and obituary for the PAS in October 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_in_physics">Research in physics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naeem_Ahmad_Khan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Research in physics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khan's research revolved around the <a href="/wiki/Medical_physics" title="Medical physics">biological applications</a> of nuclear physics. He worked in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission_product" title="Nuclear fission product">fission production calculations</a> and energy measurement through the solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD), which he pioneered in 1989 with "Solid State Nuclear Track Detection: A Useful Tool for Basic and Applied Science Research" (co-authored with Hameed Ahmad Khan, another PAEC scientist.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1980s, Khan supervised the SSNTD project with <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>'s Nuclear Engineering Division particle accelerators. He played key roles in the establishment of the SSTND laboratory and the development of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Institute_of_Nuclear_Science_%26_Technology" title="Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology">Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology</a> (PINSTECH)'s nuclear accelerator and <a href="/wiki/Particle_detector" title="Particle detector">particle detectors</a>. </p><p>In 1989, Khan and his team of PINSTECH scientists studied the behaviour of 960 MeV/nucleon <a href="/wiki/Uranium-238" title="Uranium-238">uranium-238</a> (<sup>238</sup>U) <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ions</a> which passed through a stack of <a href="/wiki/CR-39#Applications" title="CR-39">CR-39 (<sup>39</sup>CR) detectors</a>. They had observed that the uranium ions underwent binary fission and broke into protons, <a href="/wiki/Alpha_particle" title="Alpha particle">alpha particles</a>, and heavy ions while moving through the stack.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naeem_Ahmad_Khan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Islamic_Academy_of_Sciences_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iasworld.org/prof-naeem-ahmad-khan/">"IAS » Prof. Naeem Ahmad Khan"</a>. <i>www.iasworld.org</i>. iasworld<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iasworld.org&rft.atitle=IAS+%C2%BB+Prof.+Naeem+Ahmad+Khan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iasworld.org%2Fprof-naeem-ahmad-khan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaeem+Ahmad+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obituary_published_by_NM_Butt_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButt,_PhD2013" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noor_Muhammad_Butt" title="Noor Muhammad Butt">Butt, PhD, N. M.</a> (30 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paspk.org/wp-content/uploads/proceedings/50,%20No.4/781cef36Obituary%20Prof.%20Naeem%20Ahmad%20Khan.pdf">"Obituary: Dr. Naeem Ahmad Khan, FPAS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>50</b> (4). Islamabad: Pakistan Academy of Sciences Press: 347–348. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-2969">0377-2969</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Pakistan+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Dr.+Naeem+Ahmad+Khan%2C+FPAS&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=347-348&rft.date=2013-09-30&rft.issn=0377-2969&rft.aulast=Butt%2C+PhD&rft.aufirst=N.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaspk.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fproceedings%2F50%2C%2520No.4%2F781cef36Obituary%2520Prof.%2520Naeem%2520Ahmad%2520Khan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaeem+Ahmad+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dar_Publications,_Reza,_1990-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dar_Publications,_Reza,_1990_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReza1990" class="citation book cs1">Reza, S. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Energy+%26+Nuclear+Sciences+International+Who%27s+who&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780582039681&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6SBRAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dnaeem%2Bahmad%2Bkhan%2Bspectroscopy%2B1958%2Bmanchester&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaeem+Ahmad+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QCBRAAAAMAAJ&q=%20MA%20(Sind)"><i>International Who's who in Energy and Nuclear Sciences</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Who%27s+who+in+Energy+and+Nuclear+Sciences&rft.pub=Longman+Group+Limited%2C+Professional+and+Information+Publishing+Division&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-582-90110-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQCBRAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2520MA%2520%28Sind%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaeem+Ahmad+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pakistan_Academy_of_Sciences_Press_Publications-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pakistan_Academy_of_Sciences_Press_Publications_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pakistan_Academy_of_Sciences_Press_Publications_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070810193641/http://www.paspk.org/fellow5.htm#">"Khan, Naeem Ahmad"</a>. <i>Pakistan Academy of Sciences Press Publications</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paspk.org/fellow5.htm">the original</a> on 10 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pakistan+Academy+of+Sciences+Press+Publications&rft.atitle=Khan%2C+Naeem+Ahmad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paspk.org%2Ffellow5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaeem+Ahmad+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAEC_atomic_scientists-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PAEC_atomic_scientists_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAEC_atomic_scientists_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommission1961" class="citation book cs1">Commission, Pakistan Atomic Energy (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_B9N5Rk5rgkC&q=naeem+ahmad+khan+Manchester+University"><i>Pakistan's Atomic Scientists</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%27s+Atomic+Scientists&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Commission&rft.aufirst=Pakistan+Atomic+Energy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_B9N5Rk5rgkC%26q%3Dnaeem%2Bahmad%2Bkhan%2BManchester%2BUniversity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaeem+Ahmad+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiazuddin,_PhD2006" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Riazuddin_(physicist)" title="Riazuddin (physicist)">Riazuddin, PhD, Dr.</a> (1 April 2006). Khan, PhD, Hameed A.; <a href="/wiki/Mazhar_Mahmood_Qurashi" title="Mazhar Mahmood Qurashi">Qureshi, PhD, M. M.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Syed_Tajammul_Hussain" title="Syed Tajammul Hussain">Hussain, Tajjammul</a>; Haye, Irfan (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comsats.org/Publications/Books_SnT_Series/08.%20Physics%20in%20Developing%20Countries%20-%20Past,%20Present%20and%20Future%20(April%202006).pdf">"50+5 Years of Physics in Pakistan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>COMSATS' Series of Publications on Science and Technology</i>. <b>8</b> (6). Islamabad, Pakistan: M/s A.R. Printers: 217<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2020</span>. <q><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>Fifty five years of Physics in Pakistan have been analyzed from a personal perspective. Successes and failures, together with their causes, are also discussed. The current trends in development of Physics are also mentioned.</i></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=COMSATS%27+Series+of+Publications+on+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=50%2B5+Years+of+Physics+in+Pakistan&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=217&rft.date=2006-04-01&rft.aulast=Riazuddin%2C+PhD&rft.aufirst=Dr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcomsats.org%2FPublications%2FBooks_SnT_Series%2F08.%2520Physics%2520in%2520Developing%2520Countries%2520-%2520Past%2C%2520Present%2520and%2520Future%2520%28April%25202006%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaeem+Ahmad+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fJxWAAAAMAAJ&q=Naeem%20Ahmad%20Khan%20"><i>Proceedings of the Pakistan Science Conference</i></a>. Pakistan Association for the Advancement of Science. 1968<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Pakistan+Science+Conference&rft.pub=Pakistan+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science.&rft.date=1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfJxWAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DNaeem%2520Ahmad%2520Khan%2520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaeem+Ahmad+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Nation,_2007-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Nation,_2007_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahmood2007" class="citation news cs1">Mahmood, Sultan Bashiruddin (15 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141111013721/http://nation.com.pk/">"Hafeez Qureshi: A great scientist passes away"</a>. The Nation, 2007. The Nation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nation.com.pk/.">the original</a> on 11 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hafeez+Qureshi%3A+A+great+scientist+passes+away&rft.date=2007-08-15&rft.aulast=Mahmood&rft.aufirst=Sultan+Bashiruddin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnation.com.pk%2F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaeem+Ahmad+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fJxWAAAAMAAJ&q=Naeem+Ahmed+Khan+Hafeez+qureshi"><i>Proceedings of the Pakistan Science Conference</i></a>. Pakistan Association for the Advancement of Science. 1968<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Pakistan+Science+Conference&rft.pub=Pakistan+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science.&rft.date=1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfJxWAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DNaeem%2BAhmed%2BKhan%2BHafeez%2Bqureshi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaeem+Ahmad+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radaris.com/US/show-people/?name=Naeem">"Professor Dr. Naeem Ahmed Khan"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professor+Dr.+Naeem+Ahmed+Khan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radaris.com%2FUS%2Fshow-people%2F%3Fname%3DNaeem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaeem+Ahmad+Khan" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610134200/http://www.ias-worldwide.org/profiles/prof37.htm">"Naeem A. Khan"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ias-worldwide.org/profiles/prof37.htm">the original</a> on 10 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Naeem+A.+Khan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ias-worldwide.org%2Fprofiles%2Fprof37.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaeem+Ahmad+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan" class="citation web cs1">Khan, Hameed Ahmad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050526172716/http://www.medicaljournal-ias.org/2_4/Khan.pdf">"SSTND (Ibid)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicaljournal-ias.org/2_4/Khan.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 May 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SSTND+%28Ibid%29&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Hameed+Ahmad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicaljournal-ias.org%2F2_4%2FKhan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaeem+Ahmad+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhanKhan1989" class="citation cs2">Khan, Hameed Ahmad; Khan, Naeem Ahmad (1989) [1989], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050526172716/http://www.medicaljournal-ias.org/2_4/Khan.pdf">"Solid State Nuclear Track Detection: A Useful Tool for Basic and Applied Science Research"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of Islamic Academy of Sciences:IAS-Medical Journal</i>, <b>2</b> (4): 303–312, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicaljournal-ias.org/2_4/Khan.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 May 2005</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Islamic+Academy+of+Sciences%3AIAS-Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Solid+State+Nuclear+Track+Detection%3A+A+Useful+Tool+for+Basic+and+Applied+Science+Research&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=303-312&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Hameed+Ahmad&rft.au=Khan%2C+Naeem+Ahmad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicaljournal-ias.org%2F2_4%2FKhan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaeem+Ahmad+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naeem_Ahmad_Khan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070810193641/http://www.paspk.org/fellow5.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20070810193641/http://www.paspk.org/fellow5.htm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610134200/http://www.ias-worldwide.org/profiles/prof37.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20110610134200/http://www.ias-worldwide.org/profiles/prof37.htm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050526172716/http://www.medicaljournal-ias.org/2_4/Khan.pdf">Papers</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhanKhan1983" class="citation journal cs1">Khan, Hameed Ahmed; Khan, Naeem Ahmad (November 1983). "Changes produced by high doses of light charged particles in registration properties of mica track detectors". <i>Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research</i>. <b>216</b> (3): 471–474. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983NIMPR.216..471K">1983NIMPR.216..471K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0167-5087%2883%2990514-8">10.1016/0167-5087(83)90514-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Instruments+and+Methods+in+Physics+Research&rft.atitle=Changes+produced+by+high+doses+of+light+charged+particles+in+registration+properties+of+mica+track+detectors&rft.volume=216&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=471-474&rft.date=1983-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0167-5087%2883%2990514-8&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1983NIMPR.216..471K&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Hameed+Ahmed&rft.au=Khan%2C+Naeem+Ahmad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaeem+Ahmad+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhanKhan1984" class="citation journal cs1">Khan, Hameed A.; Khan, Naeem A. (1 June 1984). "Fission and spallation induced by 7-GeV protons on U, Bi, Pb, Au, W, Ho, and Ag". <i>Physical Review C</i>. <b>29</b> (6): 2199–2205. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984PhRvC..29.2199K">1984PhRvC..29.2199K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevC.29.2199">10.1103/PhysRevC.29.2199</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+C&rft.atitle=Fission+and+spallation+induced+by+7-GeV+protons+on+U%2C+Bi%2C+Pb%2C+Au%2C+W%2C+Ho%2C+and+Ag&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=2199-2205&rft.date=1984-06-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevC.29.2199&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1984PhRvC..29.2199K&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Hameed+A.&rft.au=Khan%2C+Naeem+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaeem+Ahmad+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Pre-colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misl" class="mw-redirect" title="Misl">Sikh Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Raj" title="History of the British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Movement" title="Aligarh Movement">Aligarh Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi%E2%80%93Urdu_controversy" title="Hindi–Urdu controversy">Hindi–Urdu controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">Pakistan Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-nation theory (Pakistan)">Two nation theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Jinnah's 14 Points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Dominion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Monarchy of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_states_of_Pakistan" title="Princely states of Pakistan">Princely states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">1947 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaquat%E2%80%93Nehru_Pact" title="Liaquat–Nehru Pact">Liaquat–Nehru Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Pact">Baghdad Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Pakistan (1947–present)">1947–present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty" title="Indus Waters Treaty">Indus Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1971)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1971)">1971 Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">1971 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project-706" title="Project-706">Project-706</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_in_Pakistan" title="Islamization in Pakistan">Islamisation</a></li> <li>Insurgencies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Balochistan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Pakistani coup d'état">Liberalization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Pakistan" title="List of beaches in Pakistan">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deserts_of_Pakistan" title="List of deserts of Pakistan">Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of Pakistan">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Pakistan" title="List of islands of Pakistan">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Pakistan" title="List of lakes of Pakistan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges_of_Pakistan" title="List of mountain ranges of Pakistan">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes#Pakistan" title="List of mountain passes">Passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Pakistan" title="List of rivers of Pakistan">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Pakistan" title="Topography of Pakistan">Topography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_Pakistan" title="List of valleys in Pakistan">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of waterfalls of Pakistan">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_wetland_sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of Ramsar wetland sites in Pakistan">Wetlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwatar_Bay" title="Gwatar Bay">Gwatar Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indus Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothohar Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Range" title="Salt Range">Salt Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_Basin" title="Sistan Basin">Sistan Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Pakistan" title="Geology of Pakistan">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coal_mines_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Coal mines in Pakistan">Coal fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_gas_fields_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Natural gas fields in Pakistan">Gas fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minerals_of_Pakistan" title="List of minerals of Pakistan">Minerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_fields_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Oil fields of Pakistan">Oil fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Pakistan" title="List of volcanoes in Pakistan">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods_in_Pakistan" title="List of floods in Pakistan">Floods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Pakistan" title="List of ecoregions in Pakistan">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Pakistan" title="Climate change in Pakistan">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Pakistan" title="Environmental issues in Pakistan">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Pakistan" title="Protected areas of Pakistan">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Pakistan" title="List of national parks of Pakistan">national parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_game_reserves_of_Pakistan" title="List of game reserves of Pakistan">game reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_in_Pakistan" title="List of wildlife sanctuaries in Pakistan">sanctuaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Pakistan" title="Wildlife of Pakistan">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Pakistan" title="Flora of Pakistan">flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Pakistan" title="Fauna of Pakistan">fauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan" title="List of zoos in Pakistan">Zoos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_sites_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological sites in Pakistan">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Borders of Pakistan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Pakistan" title="Climate of Pakistan">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_weather_records_in_Pakistan" title="List of extreme weather records in Pakistan">weather records</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Borders of Pakistan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_disasters_in_Pakistan" title="List of natural disasters in Pakistan">Natural disasters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Pakistan" title="List of earthquakes in Pakistan">earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods#Pakistan" title="List of floods">floods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Subdivisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan" title="Districts of Pakistan">districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Pakistan">cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Governance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Governance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Pakistan)" title="National Security Council (Pakistan)">National Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_National_Security_(Pakistan)" title="Cabinet Committee on National Security (Pakistan)">C<sup>2</sup>NS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Command_Authority_(Pakistan)" title="National Command Authority (Pakistan)">NCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">National government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Pakistan" title="Cabinet of Pakistan">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_governments_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of provincial governments of Pakistan">Provincial governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani governors">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_chief_ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani chief ministers">Chief Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Pakistan" title="Local government in Pakistan">Local government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_councils_of_Pakistan" title="Union councils of Pakistan">Union councils</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Majlis-e-Shoora</i>)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate <span style="font-size:85%;">(upper house)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan">Chairman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly <span style="font-size:85%;">(lower house)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan">Speaker</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Provincial_Assemblies_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Provincial Assemblies of Pakistan">Provincial assemblies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Pakistan" title="Judiciary of Pakistan">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Judicial_Council_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan">Supreme Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Shariat_Court" title="Federal Shariat Court">Federal Shariat Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Pakistan">High Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of Pakistan">District Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan" title="Foreign relations of Pakistan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Pakistan" title="Military coups in Pakistan">Martial law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Pakistan" title="Law of Pakistan">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Framework_Order,_2002" title="Legal Framework Order, 2002">LFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Penal_Code" title="Pakistan Penal Code">PPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Bill" title="Women's Protection Bill">WPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Constitutional_Order" title="Provisional Constitutional Order">PCO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearances_in_Pakistan" title="Enforced disappearances in Pakistan">Enforced disappearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Terrorism_Department_(Pakistan)" title="Counter Terrorism Department (Pakistan)">Counter Terrorism Department (CTD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Intelligence_community" title="Pakistani Intelligence community">Pakistani Intelligence community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Pakistan" title="Capital punishment in Pakistan">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Pakistan" title="Terrorism in Pakistan">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Military history of Pakistan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Marines" title="Pakistan Marines">Marines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Air force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Armed_Forces" title="Civil Armed Forces">Civil Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Pakistan" title="Electricity sector in Pakistan">Electricity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Thermal" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Hydroelectricity" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Pakistan" title="Nuclear power in Pakistan">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Pakistan" title="Solar power in Pakistan">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Pakistan" title="Wind power in Pakistan">Wind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Pakistan" title="Foreign aid to Pakistan">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Petroleum industry in Pakistan">Fuel extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Pakistan" title="Housing in Pakistan">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(Pakistan)" title="Planning Commission (Pakistan)">Planning Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Post" title="Pakistan Post">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Pakistan" title="Poverty in Pakistan">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pakistan" title="List of tallest buildings in Pakistan">Tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Pakistan" title="Telecommunications in Pakistan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Pakistan" title="Transport in Pakistan">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Pakistan" title="List of bridges in Pakistan">Bridges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management_in_Pakistan" title="Water resources management in Pakistan">Water management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Pakistan" title="Water supply and sanitation in Pakistan">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Pakistan" title="Industry of Pakistan">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Aeronautical_Complex" title="Pakistan Aeronautical Complex">Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pakistan" title="Agriculture in Pakistan">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_Pakistan" title="Defence industry of Pakistan">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Automotive industry in Pakistan">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Pakistan">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_Pakistan" title="Animal husbandry in Pakistan">Husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_in_Pakistan" title="Labour in Pakistan">Labour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Pakistan" title="Child labour in Pakistan">Child</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Pakistan" title="Mining in Pakistan">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Textile industry in Pakistan">Textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silk_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Silk in the Indian subcontinent">Silk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Pakistan" title="Tourism in Pakistan">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Pakistan" title="Banking in Pakistan">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Pakistan" title="List of banks in Pakistan">Banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Pakistan" title="List of companies of Pakistan">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Investment_(Pakistan)" title="Board of Investment (Pakistan)">Investment board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Rupee <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_%26_Exchange_Commission_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan">Securities & Exchange Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">Stock markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trading_Corporation_of_Pakistan" title="Trading Corporation of Pakistan">Trading Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policy programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_sector_of_Pakistan" title="Corporate sector of Pakistan">Corporatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Directive investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan#Economy" title="Pakistan">Industrialisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauji_Foundation" title="Fauji Foundation">Military economisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalisation_in_Pakistan" title="Nationalisation in Pakistan">Nationalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatisation_in_Pakistan" title="Privatisation in Pakistan">Privatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yousaf_Raza_Gillani#Financial_and_economic_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousaf Raza Gillani">Public-private partnering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics_in_the_world#Contemporary_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic economics in the world">Redundant Islamic economisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society_and_Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Pakistan">Society and Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Society of Pakistan">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurat_March" title="Aurat March">Aurat March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_heritage_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="British heritage of Pakistan">British heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Pakistan" title="Crime in Pakistan">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Pakistan" title="Culture of Pakistan">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Pakistan" title="Divorce in Pakistan">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan" title="Education in Pakistan">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_educational_institutions_in_Pakistan" title="Lists of educational institutions in Pakistan">Institutions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Pakistan" title="Feminism in Pakistan">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Gender discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Pakistan" title="Healthcare in Pakistan">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Pakistan" title="List of hospitals in Pakistan">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Pakistan" title="Marriage in Pakistan">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me_Too_movement_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Me Too movement (Pakistan)">Me Too</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Naming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistanis" title="List of Pakistanis">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Pakistan" title="Prostitution in Pakistan">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Pakistan" title="Time in Pakistan">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanisation_in_Pakistan" title="Urbanisation in Pakistan">Urbanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan" title="Demographics of Pakistan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Pakistani">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Pakistan" title="Ethnic groups in Pakistan">Ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Pakistan" title="Immigration to Pakistan">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Languages of Pakistan">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Pakistan" title="Youth in Pakistan">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_architecture" title="Pakistani architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Pakistani_films" title="Lists of Pakistani films">Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Dance in Pakistan">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Pakistan" title="List of festivals in Pakistan">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_folklore" title="Pakistani folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_literature" title="Pakistani literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mushaira" title="Mushaira">Mushaira</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Pakistan" title="Music of Pakistan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_philosophy" title="Pakistani philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles of Pakistan">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Pakistan" title="Theatre of Pakistan">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lifestyle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_clothing" title="Pakistani clothing">Clothing</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shalwar_kameez" title="Shalwar kameez">Shalwar kameez</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mehndi" title="Mehndi">Mehndi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Pakistan" title="Etiquette in Pakistan">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_Pakistan" title="Gun law in Pakistan">Gun culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_flags" title="List of Pakistani flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Pakistan" title="Public holidays in Pakistan">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Pakistan" title="List of songs about Pakistan">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Pakistan" title="National symbols of Pakistan">Symbols</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Pakistan" title="Sport in Pakistan">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Athletics_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Athletics in Pakistan">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baseball_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Baseball in Pakistan">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boxing_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Boxing in Pakistan">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_Pakistan" title="Cricket in Pakistan">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cycle_racing_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Cycle racing in Pakistan">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Hockey_Federation" title="Pakistan Hockey Federation">Field hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Pakistan" title="Football in Pakistan">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillidanda" title="Gillidanda">Gillidanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Golf_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Golf in Pakistan">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Motorsport_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Motorsport in Pakistan">Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Marathon" title="Lahore Marathon">Marathon (Lahore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Olympics" title="Pakistan at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Paralympics" title="Pakistan at the Paralympics">Paralympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polo_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Polo in Pakistan">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rugby_union_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Rugby union in Pakistan">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_in_Pakistan" title="Squash in Pakistan">Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swimming_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Swimming in Pakistan">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tennis_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Tennis in Pakistan">Tennis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cemeteries_in_Pakistan" title="List of cemeteries in Pakistan">Cemeteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Pakistan" title="List of churches in Pakistan">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Pakistan" title="List of forts in Pakistan">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gurdwaras#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gurdwaras">Gurdwaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Pakistan" title="List of Hindu temples in Pakistan">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Pakistan" title="List of libraries in Pakistan">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mausolea_and_shrines_in_Pakistan" title="List of mausolea and shrines in Pakistan">Mausolea and shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Pakistan" title="List of mosques in Pakistan">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Pakistan" title="List of museums in Pakistan">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of parks and gardens in Pakistan">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stadiums">Stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan" title="List of zoos in Pakistan">Zoos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Pakistan" title="Outline of Pakistan">Basic topics</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan" title="Category:Pakistan">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_the_University_of_Manchester" title="Category:Alumni of the University of Manchester">Alumni of the University of Manchester</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_Pakistan_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Category:Fellows of Pakistan Academy of Sciences">Fellows of Pakistan Academy of Sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_emigrants_to_Pakistan" title="Category:Indian emigrants to Pakistan">Indian emigrants to Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_meteorologists" title="Category:Indian meteorologists">Indian meteorologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Muhajir_people" title="Category:Muhajir people">Muhajir people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan_Air_Force_civilians" title="Category:Pakistan Air Force civilians">Pakistan Air Force civilians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan_Air_Force_officers" title="Category:Pakistan Air Force officers">Pakistan Air Force officers</a></li><li><a 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