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[r]" accesskey="r">Perubahan terbaru</a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik">Artikel pilihan</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini">Peristiwa terkini</a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru">Halaman baru</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x">Halaman sembarang</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi">Warung Kopi</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu">Portal komunitas</a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan.">Bantuan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal">Tentang Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar">Pancapilar</a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman">Kebijakan</a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami">Hubungi kami</a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir">Bak pasir</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Pencarian </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Tampilan </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class="">Menyumbang</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=0+%28angka%29" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class="">Buat akun baru</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=0+%28angka%29" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Masuk log</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Perkakas pribadi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id">Menyumbang</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=0+%28angka%29" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"> Buat akun baru</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=0+%28angka%29" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"> Masuk log</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting">pelajari lebih lanjut</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y">Kontribusi</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n">Pembicaraan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Sejarah </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Timur_Dekat_Kuno" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timur_Dekat_Kuno"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Timur Dekat Kuno </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timur_Dekat_Kuno-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amerika_pra-Kolombus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amerika_pra-Kolombus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Amerika pra-Kolombus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amerika_pra-Kolombus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaman_Klasik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_Klasik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Zaman Klasik </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_Klasik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 India </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Epigrafi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epigrafi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 Epigrafi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epigrafi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abad_Pertengahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abad_Pertengahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Abad Pertengahan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abad_Pertengahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Penyebaran_ke_budaya_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penyebaran_ke_budaya_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.1 Penyebaran ke budaya Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penyebaran_ke_budaya_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penyebaran_ke_Eropa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penyebaran_ke_Eropa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.2 Penyebaran ke Eropa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penyebaran_ke_Eropa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simbol_dan_representasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simbol_dan_representasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Simbol dan representasi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simbol_dan_representasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matematika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matematika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Matematika </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Matematika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Matematika </button> <ul id="toc-Matematika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sebagai_angka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sebagai_angka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Sebagai angka </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sebagai_angka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aljabar_dasar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aljabar_dasar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Aljabar dasar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aljabar_dasar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kegunaan_lainnya_dalam_matematika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kegunaan_lainnya_dalam_matematika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Kegunaan lainnya dalam matematika </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kegunaan_lainnya_dalam_matematika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sains_komputer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sains_komputer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Sains komputer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sains_komputer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Pranala luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Daftar pustaka </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Daftar pustaka </button> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Penelitian_terkait_sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penelitian_terkait_sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Penelitian terkait sejarah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penelitian_terkait_sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan_kaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_kaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Catatan kaki </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_kaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Referensi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gulingkan daftar isi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">0 (angka)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 157 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-157" aria-hidden="true" > 157 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Аноль – Abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аноль" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(getal)" title="0 (getal) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="0 (getal)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null" title="Null – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Null" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF)" title="0 (عدد) – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="0 (عدد)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%DC%A1%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%90)" title="0 (ܡܢܝܢܐ) – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="0 (ܡܢܝܢܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="শূন্য – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="শূন্য" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cero" title="Cero – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cero" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B0_(%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C)" title="۰ (سایی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۰ (سایی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="0 (һан) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="0 (һан)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(angka)" title="0 (angka) – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="0 (angka)" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA)" title="0 (лік) – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="0 (лік)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Нуль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нуль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Нула – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нула" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A6_(%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE)" title="০ (সংখ্যা) – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="০ (সংখ্যা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%A0_(%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8D)" title="༠ (གྲངས་ཀ།) – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="༠ (གྲངས་ཀ།)" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(broj)" title="0 (broj) – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="0 (broj)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero" title="Zero – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zero" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A0_(%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95)" title="٠ (ژمارە) – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="٠ (ژمارە)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nula" title="Nula – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nula" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(tal)" title="0 (tal) – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="0 (tal)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null" title="Null – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Null" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82)" title="0 (αριθμός) – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="0 (αριθμός)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nulo" title="Nulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cero" title="Cero – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null" title="Null – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Null" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero" title="Zero – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zero" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1" title="صفر – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صفر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(luku)" title="0 (luku) – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="0 (luku)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saiva" title="Saiva – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Saiva" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(tal)" title="0 (tal) – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="0 (tal)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9ro" title="Zéro – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zéro" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nol" title="Nol – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nol" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(numar)" title="0 (numar) – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="0 (numar)" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cero" title="Cero – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cero" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mba%27eve_(papaha)" title="Mba'eve (papaha) – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mba'eve (papaha)" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AB%A6_(%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF)" title="૦ (શૂન્ય) – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="૦ (શૂન્ય)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(earroo)" title="0 (earroo) – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="0 (earroo)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(al%C6%99alami)" title="0 (alƙalami) – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="0 (alƙalami)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8)" title="0 (מספר) – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="0 (מספר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="शून्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शून्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nula" title="Nula – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nula" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(nonm)" title="0 (nonm) – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="0 (nonm)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(sz%C3%A1m)" title="0 (szám) – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="0 (szám)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%BE)" title="0 (թիվ) – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="0 (թիվ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(numero)" title="0 (numero) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="0 (numero)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%C3%93n%C3%BA%E1%BB%8Dg%E1%BB%A5g%E1%BB%A5)" title="0 (Ónúọgụgụ) – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="0 (Ónúọgụgụ)" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisitchisa%C4%A1vik" title="Kisitchisaġvik – Inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Kisitchisaġvik" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%85" title="КӀолх – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="КӀолх" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero" title="Zero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Zero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAll" title="Núll – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Núll" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(numero)" title="0 (numero) – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="0 (numero)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%95%E1%83%98)" title="0 (რიცხვი) – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="0 (რიცხვი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%A9b%C5%A9g%C5%A9_(mathabu)" title="Kĩbũgũ (mathabu) – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Kĩbũgũ (mathabu)" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="0 (сан) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="0 (сан)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9F%A0" title="០ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="០" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ಸೊನ್ನೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೊನ್ನೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8E%D9%9B%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%AF)" title="0 (گرَٛنٛد) – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="0 (گرَٛنٛد)" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifir_(hejmar)" title="Sifir (hejmar) – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sifir (hejmar)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D3%A9%D0%BB" title="Нөл – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нөл" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ноль – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ноль" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeero" title="Zeero – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Zeero" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B3l" title="Nól – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Nól" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCmar_0" title="Nümar 0 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nümar 0" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%C3%BAng%C3%BAtul%C3%BA" title="Libúngútulú – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Libúngútulú" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(skai%C4%8Dius)" title="0 (skaičius) – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="0 (skaičius)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nulle" title="Nulle – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nulle" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="शून्य – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="शून्य" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aotra" title="Aotra – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Aotra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98)" title="0 (број) – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="0 (број)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പൂജ്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പൂജ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%B0" title="꯰ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="꯰" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A6_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE)" title="० (संख्या) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="० (संख्या)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(nombor)" title="0 (nombor) – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="0 (nombor)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%80" title="၀ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၀" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Чаво – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чаво" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B0" title="۰ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۰" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero" title="Zero – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Zero" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(getal)" title="0 (getal) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="0 (getal)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="शून्य – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="शून्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(getal)" title="0 (getal) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="0 (getal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(tall)" title="0 (tall) – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="0 (tall)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sero" title="Sero – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Sero" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(nomoro)" title="0 (nomoro) – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="0 (nomoro)" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(nombre)" title="0 (nombre) – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="0 (nombre)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A6_(%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%82%E0%AC%96%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE)" title="୦ (ସଂଖ୍ୟା) – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୦ (ସଂଖ୍ୟା)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸਿਫ਼ਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿਫ਼ਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1" title="صفر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صفر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B0" title="۰ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="۰" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(n%C3%BAmero)" title="0 (número) – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="0 (número)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%27usaq_yupay" title="Ch'usaq yupay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ch'usaq yupay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubusa" title="Ubusa – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubusa" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(cifr%C4%83)" title="0 (cifră) – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="0 (cifră)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ноль – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ноль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE)" title="0 (число) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="0 (число)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubusa" title="Ubusa – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubusa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE)" title="शून्यम् (सङ्ख्या) – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शून्यम् (सङ्ख्या)" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Нуул – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нуул" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%90" title="᱐ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="᱐" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeru" title="Zeru – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Zeru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(broj)" title="0 (broj) – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="0 (broj)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(am%E1%B8%8Dan)" title="0 (amḍan) – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="0 (amḍan)" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%C4%8D%C3%ADslo)" title="0 (číslo) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="0 (číslo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipasina" title="Chipasina – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chipasina" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(tiro)" title="0 (tiro) – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="0 (tiro)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(num%C3%ABr)" title="0 (numër) – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="0 (numër)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98)" title="0 (број) – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="0 (број)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numro_0" title="Numro 0 – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Numro 0" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(tal)" title="0 (tal) – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="0 (tal)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifuri" title="Sifuri – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sifuri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D)" title="0 (எண்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="0 (எண்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8" title="సున్న – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సున్న" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80" title="Сифр – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сифр" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(bilang)" title="0 (bilang) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="0 (bilang)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandza" title="Tandza – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Tandza" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="0 (сан) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="0 (сан)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE)" title="0 (число) – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="0 (число)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1_(%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF)" title="صفر (عدد) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صفر (عدد)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(son)" title="0 (son) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="0 (son)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(lugu)" title="0 (lugu) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="0 (lugu)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(s%E1%BB%91)" title="0 (số) – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="0 (số)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(getal)" title="0 (getal) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="0 (getal)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(ihap)" title="0 (ihap) – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="0 (ihap)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tus" title="Tus – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Tus" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iqanda" title="Iqanda – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Iqanda" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ნული – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნული" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8)" title="0 (נומער) – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="0 (נומער)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(n%E1%BB%8D%CC%81mb%C3%A0)" title="0 (nọ́mbà) – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="0 (nọ́mbà)" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B9%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F)" title="0 (ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ) – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="0 (ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ)" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%80%87" title="〇 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="〇" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/0" title="0 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="0" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iqanda(inombolo)" title="Iqanda(inombolo) – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Iqanda(inombolo)" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q204#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/0_(angka)" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c">Halaman</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:0_(angka)" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t">Pembicaraan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Bahasa Indonesia </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> 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id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v">Sunting</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e">Sunting sumber</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=history">Lihat riwayat</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/0_(angka)" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j">Pranala balik</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/0_(angka)" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k">Perubahan terkait</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q">Halaman istimewa</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&oldid=26594534" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini">Pranala permanen</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini">Informasi halaman</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=0_%28angka%29&id=26594534&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini">Kutip halaman ini</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F0_%28angka%29">Lihat URL pendek</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F0_%28angka%29">Unduh kode QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=0+%28angka%29">Buat buku</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=0_%28angka%29&action=show-download-screen">Unduh versi PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p">Versi cetak</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:0_(number)" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q204" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g">Butir di Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat <a href="/wiki/0" class="mw-disambig" title="0">0</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox" style="line-height: 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 150%"><table style="width:100%; margin:0"><tbody><tr> <td style="width:15%; text-align:left; white-space: nowrap; font-size:smaller"><a href="/wiki/%E2%88%921_(angka)" title="−1 (angka)">← −1 </a></td> <td style="width:70%; padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em; text-align: center;">0</td> <td style="width:15%; text-align:right; white-space: nowrap; font-size:smaller"><a href="/wiki/1_(angka)" title="1 (angka)"> 1 →</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:100%;"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:smaller;white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/%E2%88%921" class="mw-redirect" title="−1">−1</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">0</a> <a href="/wiki/1_(angka)" title="1 (angka)">1</a> <a href="/wiki/2_(angka)" title="2 (angka)">2</a> <a href="/wiki/3_(angka)" title="3 (angka)">3</a> <a href="/wiki/4_(angka)" title="4 (angka)">4</a> <a href="/wiki/5_(angka)" title="5 (angka)">5</a> <a href="/wiki/6_(angka)" title="6 (angka)">6</a> <a href="/wiki/7_(angka)" title="7 (angka)">7</a> <a href="/wiki/8_(angka)" title="8 (angka)">8</a> <a href="/wiki/9_(angka)" title="9 (angka)">9</a> <a href="/wiki/10_(angka)" title="10 (angka)">→</a></div><div style="text-align:center;font-size:smaller;white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Daftar_angka" title="Daftar angka">Daftar angka</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_bulat" title="Bilangan bulat">Bilangan bulat</a> </div><div style="text-align:center;font-size:smaller;white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_negatif" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilangan negatif">←</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">0</a> <a href="/wiki/10_(angka)" title="10 (angka)">10</a> <a href="/wiki/20_(angka)" title="20 (angka)">20</a> <a href="/wiki/30_(angka)" title="30 (angka)">30</a> <a href="/wiki/40_(angka)" title="40 (angka)">40</a> <a href="/wiki/50_(angka)" title="50 (angka)">50</a> <a href="/wiki/60_(angka)" title="60 (angka)">60</a> <a href="/wiki/70_(angka)" title="70 (angka)">70</a> <a href="/wiki/80_(angka)" title="80 (angka)">80</a> <a href="/wiki/90_(angka)" title="90 (angka)">90</a> <a href="/wiki/100_(angka)" title="100 (angka)">→</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Bilangan_kardinal" title="Bilangan kardinal">Kardinal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0 kosong oh nil nol nihil</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Bilangan_ordinal" title="Bilangan ordinal">Ordinal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ke-0 (kenol)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Faktorisasi" title="Faktorisasi">Faktorisasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 0}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2aae8864a3c1fec9585261791a809ddec1489950" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.162ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 0}"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Pembagi" title="Pembagi">Pembagi</a></th><td class="infobox-data">semua bilangan lain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Angka_Romawi" title="Angka Romawi">Romawi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">unicode</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">tidak ada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Biner" class="mw-redirect" title="Biner">Biner</a></th><td class="infobox-data">02</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary_numeral_system" class="extiw" title="en:Ternary numeral system">Ternari</a></th><td class="infobox-data">03</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_numeral_system" class="extiw" title="en:Quaternary numeral system">Kuaternari</a></th><td class="infobox-data">04</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinary" class="extiw" title="en:Quinary">Quinary</a></th><td class="infobox-data">05</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senary" class="extiw" title="en:Senary">Senary</a></th><td class="infobox-data">06</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Oktal" title="Oktal">Oktal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">08</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodecimal" class="extiw" title="en:Duodecimal">Duodesimal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">012</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Heksadesimal" title="Heksadesimal">Heksadesimal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">016</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigecimal" class="extiw" title="en:Vigecimal">Vigesimal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">020</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_36" class="extiw" title="en:Base 36">Basis 36</a></th><td class="infobox-data">036</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a></th><td class="infobox-data">٠,0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="۰" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Urdu_numeral_zero.svg/6px-Urdu_numeral_zero.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Urdu_numeral_zero.svg/9px-Urdu_numeral_zero.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Urdu_numeral_zero.svg/12px-Urdu_numeral_zero.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="119" data-file-height="118" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bengali" title="Bahasa Bengali">Bengali</a></th><td class="infobox-data">০</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Aksara_Dewanagari" title="Aksara Dewanagari">Dewanagari</a></th><td class="infobox-data">० (shunya)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tionghoa" title="Bahasa Tionghoa">Tionghoa</a></th><td class="infobox-data">零, 〇</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jepang" title="Bahasa Jepang">Jepang</a></th><td class="infobox-data">零, 〇</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Khmer" title="Bahasa Khmer">Khmer</a></th><td class="infobox-data">០</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Thai" title="Bahasa Thai">Thai</a></th><td class="infobox-data">๐</td></tr></tbody></table> 0 (nol atau sifar) adalah <a href="/wiki/Bilangan" title="Bilangan">bilangan</a> yang digunakan untuk mewakili suatu <a href="/wiki/Besaran" title="Besaran">besaran</a> yang kosong. Menambahkan 0 ke sebarang bilangan tidak akan mengubah bilangan tersebut. Dalam terminologi matematika, 0 adalah <a href="/wiki/Identitas_penambahan" title="Identitas penambahan">identitas penambahan</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_bulat" title="Bilangan bulat">bilangan bulat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_rasional" title="Bilangan rasional">bilangan rasional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_riil" title="Bilangan riil">bilangan riil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_kompleks" title="Bilangan kompleks">bilangan kompleks</a>, dan banyak <a href="/wiki/Struktur_aljabar" title="Struktur aljabar">struktur aljabar</a> lainnya. Mengalikan sebarang bilangan dengan 0 akan menghasilkan 0, dan sebagai akibatnya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembagian_oleh_nol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembagian oleh nol (halaman belum tersedia)">pembagian oleh nol</a> tidak memiliki makna dalam <a href="/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika">aritmetika</a>. Sebagai <a href="/wiki/Digit" title="Digit">angka</a>, 0 memainkan peran penting dalam notasi <a href="/wiki/Sistem_bilangan_desimal" title="Sistem bilangan desimal">desimal</a>, yakni untuk menyatakan <a href="/wiki/Perpangkatan_bilangan_10" title="Perpangkatan bilangan 10">perpangkatan bilangan sepuluh</a> yang tidak digunakan dalam menentukan total. Sebagai contoh, "205" dalam desimal mengartikan dua ratus, tidak ada sepuluh, dan lima (bilangan) satu. Prinsip yang sama juga digunakan <a href="/wiki/Notasi_posisional" title="Notasi posisional">notasi-notasi nilai-tempat</a> yang menggunakan basis selain sepuluh, seperti <a href="/wiki/Sistem_bilangan_biner" title="Sistem bilangan biner">biner</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Heksadesimal" title="Heksadesimal">heksadesimal</a>. Penggunaan bilangan 0 secara modern ini didasarkan dari <a href="/wiki/Matematika_India" title="Matematika India">matematika India</a> yang disebarkan ke Eropa lewat <a href="/wiki/Matematika_Islam_abad_pertengahan" title="Matematika Islam abad pertengahan">para matematikawan Islam abad pertengahan</a> dan dipopulerkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Fibonacci" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibonacci">Fibonacci</a>. Konsep nol juga digunakan secara independen oleh <a href="/wiki/Peradaban_Maya" title="Peradaban Maya">peradaban Maya</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timur_Dekat_Kuno">Timur Dekat Kuno</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Timur Dekat Kuno" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Timur Dekat Kuno">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angka_Mesir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angka Mesir (halaman belum tersedia)">Angka Mesir</a> kuno menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Sistem_bilangan_desimal" title="Sistem bilangan desimal">basis 10</a>,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Hieroglif" title="Hieroglif">hieroglif</a> digunakan untuk mewakili angka, tapi tidak menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Notasi_posisional" title="Notasi posisional">konsep posisional</a> (nilai-tempat). Dalam satu <a href="/wiki/Papirus_Boulaq_18" title="Papirus Boulaq 18">papirus</a> yang ditulis sekitar 1770SM dan berisi catatan pemasukan dan pengeluaran harian dari istana <a href="/wiki/Firaun" title="Firaun">firaun</a>, hieroglif <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nefer (halaman belum tersedia)">nfr</a> digunakan untuk menandakan keadaan jumlah bahan makanan yang diterima sama persis dengan jumlah yang dihabiskan. Seorang ahli Mesir, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner">Alan Gardiner</a>, berpendapat bahwa hieroglif nfr digunakan sebagai simbol untuk angka nol. Simbol yang sama juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan tingkat dasar dalam gambar makam-makam dan piramida-piramida; jarak diukur relatif terhadap tingkat dasar ini (berada di atas atau di bawah).<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Pada kisaran masa 1500 SM, <a href="/wiki/Matematika_Babilonia" title="Matematika Babilonia">matematika Babilonia</a> memiliki <a href="/wiki/Sistem_bilangan" title="Sistem bilangan">sistem bilangan</a> posisional <a href="/wiki/Seksagesimal" title="Seksagesimal">basis 60</a> yang canggih. Tidak adanya nilai posisi (atau nol) ditunjukkan dengan adanya jarak di antara angka-angka <a href="/wiki/Seksagesimal" title="Seksagesimal">seksagesimal</a>. Sistem bilangan ini berbeda dengan <a href="/wiki/Sistem_bilangan_Hindu-Arab" title="Sistem bilangan Hindu-Arab">sistem bilangan Hindu-Arab</a> yang berkembang nantinya, dalam hal tidak dinyatakannya besaran (magnitudo) dari digit seksadesimal; jadi sebagai contoh, digit 1 (<a href="/wiki/Berkas:Babylonian_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Babylonian_1.svg/20px-Babylonian_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Babylonian_1.svg/30px-Babylonian_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Babylonian_1.svg/40px-Babylonian_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="135" /></a>) tunggal dapat mewakili 1, 60, 3600 = 602, dst., dan hanya dapat dipahami secara tersirat dari konteks. penanda-tempat mirip-nol hanya digunakan diantara angka-angka, tapi tidak pernah digunakan sendirian atau diakhir dari suatu bilangan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReimer2014172-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amerika_pra-Kolombus">Amerika pra-Kolombus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Amerika pra-Kolombus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Amerika pra-Kolombus">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Cero_maya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Cero_maya.svg/220px-Cero_maya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Cero_maya.svg/330px-Cero_maya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Cero_maya.svg/440px-Cero_maya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>Angka nol Maya</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Kalender_Hitung_Panjang" title="Kalender Hitung Panjang">Kalender Hitung Panjang Mesoamerika</a> yang dikembangkan di Meksiko bagian selatan-tengah dan Amerika Tengah, memerlukan penggunaan nol sebagai penanda-tempat dalam sistem angka posisional <a href="/wiki/Vigesimal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vigesimal">vigesimal</a> (basis 20). Banyak <a href="/wiki/Glif" title="Glif">glif</a>, termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quatrefoil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quatrefoil (halaman belum tersedia)">quatrefoil</a> parsial digunakan sebagai simbol nol untuk tanggal Hitung Panjang, dengan yang paling lawas memiliki tanggal 36 SM (pada Stela 2 di Chiapa de Corzo, <a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a>).<a href="#cite_note-4">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> Karena delapan dari tanggal-tanggal Hitung Panjang terlawas terletak di luar daerah Maya,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiehl2004186-6">[5]</a> umum dipercaya bahwa penggunaan nol di Amerika sudah ada sebelum Maya, dan mungkin penemuan dari <a href="/wiki/Olmek" title="Olmek">Olmek</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> Banyak tanggal Hitung Panjang masa awal berada di daerah Olmek, walaupun peradaban Olmek telah berakhir abad ke-4 SM,<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> beberapa abad sebelum tanggal-tanggal Hitung Panjang.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> Walau nol menjadi bagian penting dalam <a href="/wiki/Angka_Maya" title="Angka Maya">angka Maya</a>, dengan simbol mirip batok bagian bawah <a href="/wiki/Kura-kura" title="Kura-kura">kura-kura</a> untuk mewakili angka nol, hal ini dianggap tidak mempengaruhi sistem-sistem bilangan di <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Lama" title="Dunia Lama">Dunia Lama</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a>] <a href="/wiki/Quipu" title="Quipu">Quipu</a>, suatu perangkat tali yang bersimpul, yang digunakan di <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Inca" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Inca">Kekaisaran Inca</a> dan masyarakat pendahulunya di <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">wilayah Andes</a> untuk mencatat akuntansi dan data lainnya, dikodekan dalam sistem posisi <a href="/wiki/Sistem_bilangan_desimal" title="Sistem bilangan desimal">basis sepuluh</a>. Nol diwakili oleh ketiadaan simpul pada posisi yang bersangkutan.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_Klasik">Zaman Klasik</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Zaman Klasik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Zaman Klasik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Peradaban <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Kuno" title="Yunani Kuno">Yunani Kuno</a> tidak memiliki simbol maupun penanda-tempat angka untuk nol (μηδέν, dilafalkan midén).<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> Menurut matematikawan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Seife&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Seife (halaman belum tersedia)">Charles Seife</a>, bangsa Yunani Kuno baru mulai mengadopsi penanda-tempat nol versi Babilonia untuk menyelesaikan masalah terkait <a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">astronomi</a> setelah 500 SM, yang diwakili dengan huruf kecil Yunani ό (όμικρον: <a href="/wiki/Omicron" class="mw-redirect" title="Omicron">omikron</a>). Akan tetapi, setelah menggunakan penanda-tempat nol dalam perhitungan astronomi, mereka umumnya mengubah hasil kembali ke <a href="/wiki/Angka_Yunani" title="Angka Yunani">angka Yunani</a>. Bangsa Yunani Kuno sepertinya memiliki penolakan filosofis untuk menggunakan nol sebagai bilangan.<a href="#cite_note-Seife2000-12">[11]</a> Para ahli lain menetapkan tanggal yang lebih muda terkait adopsi parsial Yunani terhadap nol Babilonia, dengan ahli saraf Andreas Nieder menentukan setelah 400 SM, dan ahli matematika Robert Kaplan memberikan tanggal setelah <a href="/wiki/Perang_Alexander_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Alexander Agung">perang Aleksander</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200017-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nieder2019-14">[13]</a> Banga Yunani Kuno terlihat bimbang terkait status nol sebagai bilangan. Beberapa mempertanyakan, "Bagaimana yang tidak ada menjadi ada?", yang mengarah pada argumen-argumen filosofis, dan pada periode <a href="/wiki/Abad_Pertengahan" title="Abad Pertengahan">abad pertengahan</a>, argumen-argumen religius terkait alam, keberadaan nol, dan <a href="/wiki/Ruang_hampa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruang hampa">ruang hampa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Paradoks" title="Paradoks">Paradoks-paradoks</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Elea" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeno of Elea">Zeno dari Elea</a> sebagian besar bergantung pada ketidakjelasan cara mengartikan nol.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:P._Lund,_Inv._35a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Fragment of papyrus with clear Greek script, lower-right corner suggests a tiny zero with a double-headed arrow shape above it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/P._Lund%2C_Inv._35a.jpg/300px-P._Lund%2C_Inv._35a.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/P._Lund%2C_Inv._35a.jpg/450px-P._Lund%2C_Inv._35a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/P._Lund%2C_Inv._35a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Contoh dari simbol Yunani untuk nol pada masa awal (sudut kanan bawah) dari selembar papirus abad ke-2.</figcaption></figure> Pada tahun 150, <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> menggunakan simbol untuk nol (—°)<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mercier-17">[16]</a> dalam karyanya di <a href="/wiki/Astronomi_teoretis" title="Astronomi teoretis">astronomi matematika</a>, Syntaxis Mathematica (juga dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Almagest" class="mw-redirect" title="Almagest">Almagest</a>). Ia mendapat pengaruh dari <a href="/wiki/Hipparkhos" title="Hipparkhos">Hipparkhos</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Babilonia" title="Babilonia">bangsa Babilonia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ptolemy-18">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Angka_Yunani#Nol" title="Angka Yunani">Nol Helenistik</a> ini mungkin adalah catatan tertua penggunaan angka untuk mewakili nol di <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Lama" title="Dunia Lama">Dunia Lama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> Ptolemy banyak menggunakannya dalam buku Almagest-nya (VI.8), untuk menyatakan <a href="/wiki/Magnitudo_gerhana" title="Magnitudo gerhana">magnitudo</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Gerhana_bulan" title="Gerhana bulan">gerhana bulan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gerhana_matahari" title="Gerhana matahari">matahari</a>. Simbol Ptolemy digunakan sebagai penanda-tempat sekaligus sebagai angka dalam dua <a href="/wiki/Fungsi_(matematika)" title="Fungsi (matematika)">fungsi matematika</a>, jadi simbol ini mewakili nol, bukan kosong. Seiring waktu, simbol nol Ptolemy cenderung membesar dan kehilangan garis atas, sehingga terlihat seperti omikron besar "O" panjang mirip-0, atau sebagai omikron dengan garis atas "ō", ketimbang versi aslinya yang berupa titik dengan garis atas.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> Penggunaan nol tertua dalam <a href="/wiki/Computus" title="Computus">perhitungan tanggal Paskah</a> dilakukan sebelum tahun 311, pada entri pertama dalam tabel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epak (halaman belum tersedia)">epak</a> yang tersimpan dalam suatu dokumen <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a> untuk tahun 311-369. Tabel ini menggunakan kata <a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez">Ge'ez</a> untuk "kosong" bersama dengan angka-angka Ge'ez (yang didasarkan pada angka Yunani), dan merupakan terjemahan dari tabel serupa yang diterbitkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Aleksandria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gereja Aleksandria (halaman belum tersedia)">Gereja Aleksandria</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani_Abad_Pertengahan" title="Bahasa Yunani Abad Pertengahan">bahasa Yunani Pertengahan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Neugebauer-21">[20]</a> Nol ini digunakan kembali tahun 525 dalam tabel serupa, yang diterjemahkan dari kata Latin nulla ("kosong") oleh <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_Exiguus" title="Dionysius Exiguus">Dionysius Exiguus</a>, bersama dengan <a href="/wiki/Angka_Romawi" title="Angka Romawi">angka-angka Romawi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dionysius-22">[21]</a> Ketika pembagian tidak menghasilkan sisa, kata nihil (yang berarti tidak ada) digunakan. Nol abad pertengahan ini selanjutnya digunakan oleh para <a href="/wiki/Computus" title="Computus">penghitung tanggal Paskah</a> abad pertengahan. Awalan "N" digunakan sebagai simbol nol dalam suatu tabel angka Romai oleh <a href="/wiki/Bede" class="mw-redirect" title="Bede">Bede</a> (atau koleganya) sekitar tahun 725.<a href="#cite_note-zero-23">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: China" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: China">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Zero_in_Rod_Calculus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Five illustrated boxes from left to right contain a T-shape, an empty box, three vertical bars, three lower horizontal bars with an inverted wide T-shape above, and another empty box. Numerals underneath left to right are six, zero, three, nine, and zero" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Zero_in_Rod_Calculus.png/220px-Zero_in_Rod_Calculus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Zero_in_Rod_Calculus.png/330px-Zero_in_Rod_Calculus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Zero_in_Rod_Calculus.png/440px-Zero_in_Rod_Calculus.png 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="293" /></a><figcaption>Ilustrasi nol menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Tongkat_penghitung" title="Tongkat penghitung">tongkat penghitung</a> China, didasarkan pada contoh oleh A History of Mathematics. Ruang kosong digunakan untuk mewakili nol.<a href="#cite_note-Hodgkin-24">[23]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunzi_Suanjing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunzi Suanjing (halaman belum tersedia)">Sunzi Suanjing</a>, yang diperkirakan berasal dari sekitar abad ke-1 sampai ke-5 Masehi), dan catatan-catatan Jepang dari abad ke-18, menjelaskan cara sistem <a href="/wiki/Tongkat_penghitung" title="Tongkat penghitung">tongkat penghitung</a> China abad ke-4 SM memungkinkan penghitungan desimal. Seperti yang dicatat dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiahou_Yang_Suanjing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiahou Yang Suanjing (halaman belum tersedia)">Xiahou Yang Suanjing</a> (425-468 M), untuk mengalikan (atau membagi) sebuah angka dengan 10, 100, 1000, atau 10,000, yang perlu dilakukan dengan tongkat-tongkat di papan hitung, adalah memindahkannya ke depan (atau ke belakang) sebanyak 1, 2, 3, atau 4 tempat.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> Tongkat-tongkat tersebut memberikan <a href="/wiki/Representasi_desimal" title="Representasi desimal">representasi desimal</a> dari sebuah angka, dengan ruang kosong yang mewakili nol.<a href="#cite_note-Hodgkin3-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> Sistem tongkat penghitung adalah sistem <a href="/wiki/Notasi_posisional" title="Notasi posisional">notasi posisional</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> Nol tidak dianggap sebagai angka pada masa itu, tapi sebagai "posisi kosong".<a href="#cite_note-Crossley2-30">[29]</a> Karya <a href="/wiki/Qin_Jiushao" title="Qin Jiushao">Qin Jiushao</a> <a href="/wiki/Risalah_Matematika_dalam_Sembilan_Bab" title="Risalah Matematika dalam Sembilan Bab">Risalah Matematika dalam Sembilan Bab</a> tahun 1247 adalah teks matematika China tertua yang selamat, yang menggunakan simbol bulat <a href="/wiki/Aksara_Han_Maharani_Wu" title="Aksara Han Maharani Wu">〇</a> untuk nol.<a href="#cite_note-Qin2-31">[30]</a> Asal usul dari simbol ini tidak jelas; mungkin dibawa dari India, atau dihasilkan dengan mengubah simbol persegi.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> Risalah tersebut juga menunjukkan bahwa penulis-penulis China sudah familiar dengan konsep bilangan negatif pada masa <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Han" title="Dinasti Han">dinasti Han</a> (abad ke-2).<a href="#cite_note-struik332-33">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: India" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: India">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Seorang cendekiawan <a href="/wiki/Chanda" title="Chanda">sajak Sanskerta</a> bernama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pingala (halaman belum tersedia)">Pingala</a> (sekitar abad ke-3 atau ke-2 SM),<a href="#cite_note-plofker-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Sistem_bilangan_biner" title="Sistem bilangan biner">barisan biner</a> dalam bentuk suku kata pendek dan suku kata panjang (yang setara dengan dua suku kata pendek) untuk menentukan <a href="/wiki/Metrum" title="Metrum">metrum</a> Sanskerta yang valid; suatu notasi yang mirip dengan <a href="/wiki/Kode_Morse" title="Kode Morse">kode Morse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> Pingala menggunakan kata <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sanskerta" title="Bahasa Sanskerta">Sanskerta</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81" title="Śūnyatā">śūnya</a> secara eksplisit untuk merujuk nol.<a href="#cite_note-plofker-34">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bakhshali_manuscript_zero_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Bakhshali_manuscript_zero_detail.jpg/220px-Bakhshali_manuscript_zero_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Bakhshali_manuscript_zero_detail.jpg/330px-Bakhshali_manuscript_zero_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Bakhshali_manuscript_zero_detail.jpg/440px-Bakhshali_manuscript_zero_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="202" /></a><figcaption>Manuskrip Bakhshali, dengan angka "nol" diwakili oleh titik hitam (tahun 224–383)</figcaption></figure> Konsep nol sebagai angka dalam <a href="/wiki/Notasi_posisional" title="Notasi posisional">notasi nilai-tempat</a> desimal dikembangkan di <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bourbaki46-37">[36]</a> Simbol nol berupa titik besar digunakan di keseluruhan <a href="/wiki/Manuskrip_Bakhshali" title="Manuskrip Bakhshali">manuskrip Bakhshali</a>, suatu panduan praktis tentang <a href="/wiki/Aritmetika" title="Aritmetika">aritmetika</a> untuk para pedagang.<a href="#cite_note-Weiss-38">[37]</a> Pada tahun 2017, para peneliti di <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a> melaporkan hasil <a href="/wiki/Penanggalan_radiokarbon" title="Penanggalan radiokarbon">penanggalan radiokarbon</a> untuk tiga sampel dari manuskrip tersebut, dan mengindikasikan bahwa manuskrip tersebut berasal dari tiga abad yang berbeda: dari 224-383 Masehi, 680-779 Masehi, dan 885-993 Masehi. Tidak diketahui alasan fragmen-fragmen kulit <a href="/wiki/Burja" title="Burja">kayu burja</a> (birch) dari abad yang berbeda-beda dapat dikemas bersama untuk membentuk manuskrip tersebut. Jika tulisan pada fragmen-fragmen kulit kayu burja tertua sama tuanya dengan usia kulit kayu tersebut, ini menunjukkan penggunaan tertua yang tercatat dari simbol nol di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Selatan" title="Asia Selatan">Asia Selatan</a>. Jika tulisan pada fragmen kulit kayu burja tertua sama tuanya dengan fragmen-fragmen tersebut, maka ini merupakan penggunaan simbol nol tertua yang tercatat di Asia Selatan. Namun, ada kemungkinan bahwa tulisan tersebut berasal dari periode waktu fragmen termuda, yaitu 885-993 Masehi. Penanggalan yang terakhir ini dianggap lebih konsisten dengan penggunaan nol yang canggih di dalam dokumen tersebut, karena beberapa bagian dari dokumen tersebut tampak menunjukkan bahwa nol digunakan sebagai angka, dan bukan hanya sebagai penanda posisi.<a href="#cite_note-Devlin_2017-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Teks <a href="/wiki/Jainisme" title="Jainisme">Jainisme</a> tentang <a href="/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi">kosmologi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lokavibhaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lokavibhaga (halaman belum tersedia)">Lokavibhāga</a> yang ditulis tahun 458 M (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Saka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Era Saka (halaman belum tersedia)">era Saka</a> 380) menggunakan sistem nilai-tempat desimal, termasuk nol. Dalam teks ini, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81" title="Śūnyatā">śūnya</a> ("hampa, kosong") juga digunakan untuk merujuk pada nol.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIfrah2000416-42">[41]</a> Aturan terkait penggunaan nol muncul dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C4%81hmasphu%E1%B9%ADasiddh%C4%81nta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta (halaman belum tersedia)">Brahmasputha Siddhanta</a> (abad ke-7) karya <a href="/wiki/Brahmagupta" title="Brahmagupta">Brahmagupta</a>, yang menyatakan bahwa penambahan nol dengan dirinya sendiri sama dengan nol, dan secara salah menjelaskan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembagian_oleh_nol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembagian oleh nol (halaman belum tersedia)">pembagian oleh nol</a> sebagai berikut:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000[https://archive.org/details/nothingthatisnat00kapl/page/68_68–75]-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-brahmagupta-44">[43]</a><blockquote>Sebarang bilangan positif atau negatif ketika dibagi oleh nol menghasilkan suatu pecahan dengan nol sebagai penyebut. Nol dibagi dengan bilangan negatif atau positif menghasilkan antara nol atau dapat dituliskan sebagai pecahan dengan nol sebagai pembilang dan suatu besaran hingga sebagai penyebut. Nol dibagi dengan nol menghasilkan nol.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Epigrafi">Epigrafi</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Epigrafi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Epigrafi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r15025838/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:322px;max-width:322px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center;background-color:transparent">Prasasti Sambor</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:First_zero_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/First_zero_1.jpg/145px-First_zero_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/First_zero_1.jpg/218px-First_zero_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/First_zero_1.jpg/290px-First_zero_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:171px;max-width:171px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:108px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Khmer_Numerals_-_605_from_the_Sambor_inscriptions.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Khmer_Numerals_-_605_from_the_Sambor_inscriptions.jpg/169px-Khmer_Numerals_-_605_from_the_Sambor_inscriptions.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Khmer_Numerals_-_605_from_the_Sambor_inscriptions.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="157" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:320px;max-width:320px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:559px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:03-National_Museum_of_Cambodia-nX-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/03-National_Museum_of_Cambodia-nX-1.jpg/318px-03-National_Museum_of_Cambodia-nX-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="318" height="559" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/03-National_Museum_of_Cambodia-nX-1.jpg/477px-03-National_Museum_of_Cambodia-nX-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/03-National_Museum_of_Cambodia-nX-1.jpg/636px-03-National_Museum_of_Cambodia-nX-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2220" data-file-height="3903" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left;background-color:transparent">Catatan tertua penggunaan nol sebagai angka desimal ditemukan di prasasti Sambor. Angka "605" yang tertulis dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angka_Khmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angka Khmer (halaman belum tersedia)">angka Khmer</a> (atas), menunjukkan tanggal prasasti dibuat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Saka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Era Saka (halaman belum tersedia)">era Saka 605</a> (683 Masehi). Fragmen prasasti yang ditulis dalam bahasa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmer_Tua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khmer Tua (halaman belum tersedia)">Khmer Tua</a>, dulunya adalah bagian dari pintu kuil, dan ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Krati%C3%A9" title="Provinsi Kratié">provinsi Kratié</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja">Kamboja</a>.</div></div></div></div> Berdasarkan <a href="/wiki/Epigrafi" title="Epigrafi">epigrafi</a>, cabang ilmu <a href="/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi">arkeologi</a> yang meneliti benda-benda tertulis masa lampau, titik hitam digunakan sebagai penanda-tempat desimal dalam <a href="/wiki/Manuskrip_Bakhshali" title="Manuskrip Bakhshali">manuskrip Bakhshali</a>, yang sebagiannya tertanggal dari tahun 224–993 M.<a href="#cite_note-Devlin_20173-45">[44]</a> Ada banyak prasasti lempengan tembaga dengan simbol o kecil yang sama, beberapa di antaranya mungkin berasal dari abad ke-6, tetapi tanggal atau keasliannya masih diragukan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000-46">[45]</a> Sebongkah lauh (inscription) batu ditemukan di reruntuhan kuil dekat Sambor di <a href="/wiki/Mekong" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekong">Mekong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Krati%C3%A9" title="Provinsi Kratié">Provinsi Kratié</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja">Kamboja</a>, memuat tulisan "605" dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angka_Khmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angka Khmer (halaman belum tersedia)">angka Khmer</a> (seperangkat glif untuk <a href="/wiki/Sistem_bilangan_Hindu-Arab" title="Sistem bilangan Hindu-Arab">sistem bilangan Hindu-Arab</a>). Angka tersebut adalah tahun prasasti pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Saka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Era Saka (halaman belum tersedia)">era Saka</a>, yang setara dengan tanggal 683 M.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> Penggunaan <a href="/wiki/Glif" title="Glif">glif</a> khusus yang tak-terbantahkan untuk angka-angka desimal meliputi simbol untuk angka nol (berupa lingkaran kecil), muncul dalam lauh batu yang ditemukan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuil_Chaturbhuj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuil Chaturbhuj (halaman belum tersedia)">Kuil Chaturbhuj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a>, di India, dengan bertanggal 876 Masehi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIfrah2000400-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abad_Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Abad Pertengahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Abad Pertengahan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penyebaran_ke_budaya_Islam">Penyebaran ke budaya Islam</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Penyebaran ke budaya Islam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penyebaran ke budaya Islam">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_sistem_bilangan_Hindu-Arab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah sistem bilangan Hindu-Arab (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah sistem bilangan Hindu-Arab</a></div> Ilmu pengetahuan di lingkungan berbahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a> sebagian besar merupakan warisan dari <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Kuno" title="Yunani Kuno">Yunani</a>,<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> lalu diikuti oleh pengaruh Hindu.<a href="#cite_note-Durant-52">[51]</a> Pada tahun 773 M, atas perintah <a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">Al-Mansur</a>, dilakukan penerjemahan terhadap berbagai risalah kuno, termasuk dari bahasa Yunani, Romawi, India, dan lainnya. Pada tahun 813 M, seorang ahli matematika <a href="/wiki/Suku_Persia" title="Suku Persia">Persia</a> bernama <a href="/wiki/Al-Khawarizmi" title="Al-Khawarizmi">Muhammad bin Musa al-Khawarizmi</a> membuat tabel astronomi menggunakan angka-angka Hindu;<a href="#cite_note-Durant-52">[51]</a> dan sekitar tahun 825, ia menerbitkan sebuah buku yang menggabungkan pengetahuan Yunani dan Hindu, serta kontribusinya sendiri dalam matematika termasuk penjelasan tentang penggunaan nol.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> Buku ini kemudian diterjemahkan ke dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a> pada abad ke-12 dengan judul Algoritmi de numero Indorum. Judul ini berarti “al-Khawarizmi tentang Bilangan India”. Kata “Algoritmi” adalah <a href="/wiki/Latinisasi_(bahasa)" title="Latinisasi (bahasa)">Latinisasi</a> penerjemah dari nama Al-Khawarizmi, yang perkembangan selanjutnya menyebabkan kata “<a href="/wiki/Algoritma" title="Algoritma">Algoritma</a>” atau “<a href="/wiki/Algorisma" title="Algorisma">Algorisma</a>” mulai memiliki arti aritmetika apa pun yang didasarkan pada desimal.<a href="#cite_note-Durant-52">[51]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_bin_Ahmad_al-Khawarizmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Khawarizmi (halaman belum tersedia)">Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Khawarizmi</a> pada tahun 976 menyatakan bahwa jika tidak ada angka yang muncul di tempat puluhan dalam perhitungan, suatu lingkaran kecil harus digunakan “untuk menjaga (bentuk) barisan”. Lingkaran ini disebut ṣifr.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penyebaran_ke_Eropa">Penyebaran ke Eropa</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Penyebaran ke Eropa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penyebaran ke Eropa">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Sistem_bilangan_Hindu-Arab" title="Sistem bilangan Hindu-Arab">Sistem bilangan Hindu-Arab</a> (basis 10) sampai ke Eropa Barat pada abad ke-11, melalui daerah <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a>, melalui para <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> Spanyol dan <a href="/wiki/Moor" title="Moor">Moor</a>, dan bersama pengetahuan terkait <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_astronomi" title="Sejarah astronomi">astronomi klasik</a> dan instrumen-instrumen seperti <a href="/wiki/Astrolabe" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrolabe">astrolabe</a>. <a href="/wiki/Paus_Silvester_II" title="Paus Silvester II">Gerbert d'Aurillac</a> dianggap berjasa dalam memperkenalkan kembali ajaran-ajaran yang hilang ke lingkungan Katolik di Eropa. Karena alasan ini, angka-angka tersebut kemudian dikenal di Eropa sebagai “angka Arab”. Matematikawan <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Pisa" title="Leonardo da Pisa">Leonardo dari Pisa</a> (juga dikenal sebagai Fibonacci), berperan penting dalam membawa sistem bilangan ini ke dalam matematika Eropa pada tahun 1202.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> Semenjak abad ke-13, panduan-panduan cara berhitung (penjumlahan, perkalian, mengambil akar, dll.) menjadi umum di Eropa dan disebut sebagai algorismus; dari nama matematikawan Persia <a href="/wiki/Al-Khawarizmi" title="Al-Khawarizmi">Al-Khawarizmi</a>. Salah satu panduan yang populer ditulis oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_de_Sacrobosco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes de Sacrobosco (halaman belum tersedia)">Johannes de Sacrobosco</a> pada awal tahun 1200-an, dan menjadi salah satu buku ilmu pengetahuan pertama yang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_percetakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah percetakan (halaman belum tersedia)">dicetak</a>, pada tahun 1488.<a href="#cite_note-Karpinski1911-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> Praktik menghitung di kertas menggunakan angka Hindu-Arab baru secara perlahan menggantikan perhitungan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Abakus" class="mw-redirect" title="Abakus">abakus</a> dan pencatatan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Angka_Romawi" title="Angka Romawi">angka Romawi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIfrah2000588–590-58">[57]</a> Pada abad ke-16, angka Hindu-Arab menjadi angka yang paling umum digunakan di Eropa.<a href="#cite_note-Karpinski1911-56">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Simbol_dan_representasi">Simbol dan representasi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Simbol dan representasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Simbol dan representasi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Text_figures_036.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="horizontal guidelines with a zero touching top and bottom, a three dipping below, and a six cresting above the guidelines, from left to right" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Text_figures_036.svg/71px-Text_figures_036.svg.png" decoding="async" width="71" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Text_figures_036.svg/107px-Text_figures_036.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Text_figures_036.svg/142px-Text_figures_036.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="41" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Oslo_airport_train_station,_Platform_0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Oslo_airport_train_station%2C_Platform_0.jpg/220px-Oslo_airport_train_station%2C_Platform_0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Oslo_airport_train_station%2C_Platform_0.jpg/330px-Oslo_airport_train_station%2C_Platform_0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Oslo_airport_train_station%2C_Platform_0.jpg/440px-Oslo_airport_train_station%2C_Platform_0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Platform 0 di stasiun kereta di bandara Oslo.</figcaption></figure> Saat ini, nol sebagai angka numerik umumnya ditulis dalam bentuk lingkaran atau elips. Secara tradisional, banyak <a href="/wiki/Typeface" class="mw-redirect" title="Typeface">rupa huruf</a> cetak membuat versi huruf kapital <a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a> lebih bundar daripada angka 0 yang lebih elips dan ramping.<a href="#cite_note-bemer-59">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mesin_tik" title="Mesin tik">Mesin tik</a> pada awalnya tidak membuat perbedaan bentuk antara O dan 0; beberapa model bahkan tidak memiliki tuts untuk angka 0. Pembedaan baru muncul pada masa <a href="/wiki/Monitor_komputer" title="Monitor komputer">monitor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bemer-59">[58]</a> Simbol nol dengan garis miring (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 0\!\!\!{/}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 0\!\!\!{/}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4059f8b4ddbe8f89a13eb4ccc1e87cf3e776d8db" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.164ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 0\!\!\!{/}}">) juga umum digunakan untuk membedakan angka dari huruf (contoh umumnya dalam perhitungan, navigasi, dan militer). Angka nol dengan titik di tengah sepertinya muncul sebagai opsi pada tampilan <a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_3270&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM 3270 (halaman belum tersedia)">IBM 3270</a>, dan terus berlanjut ke beberapa rupa huruf komputer modern seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andal%C3%A9_Mono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andalé Mono (halaman belum tersedia)">Andalé Mono</a> dan sistem reservasi penerbangan. Salah satu varian menggunakan garis di atas 0 ketimbang <a href="/wiki/Tanda_titik" title="Tanda titik">tanda titik</a>. Di beberapa penerapan/sistem, hanya salah satu dari huruf O dan angka 0 (atau malah tidak keduanya) yang boleh digunakan untuk menghindari kerancuan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Matematika">Matematika</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Matematika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Matematika">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Konsep nol digunakan pada banyak hal dalam matematika: sebagai angka, nol menjadi bagian penting dalam <a href="/wiki/Notasi_posisional" title="Notasi posisional">notasi posisional (nilai-tempat)</a> untuk mewakli bilangan, sekaligus memainkan peran sebagai bilangan tersendiri dalam banyak konteks aljabar. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sebagai_angka">Sebagai angka</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Sebagai angka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sebagai angka">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Notasi_posisional" title="Notasi posisional">notasi posisional</a></div> Dalam sistem bilangan posisional (contohnya <a href="/wiki/Sistem_bilangan_desimal#Notasi_desimal" title="Sistem bilangan desimal">notasi desimal</a> untuk menyatakan bilangan), angka 0 digunakan sebagai penanda tempat, yang mengartikan perpangkatan dari basis tidak digunakan dalam menyatakan bilangan. Sebagai contoh, bilangan desimal 205 adalah hasil penjumlahan dari dua seratus dan lima satu; angka nol mengartikan tidak ada sepuluh yang ditambahkan. Angka nol juga digunakan dengan tujuan serupa dalam menyatakan <a href="/wiki/Sistem_bilangan_desimal#pecahan" title="Sistem bilangan desimal">pecahan desimal</a> dan representasi desimal dari bilangan-bilangan riil lainnya (menunjukkan apabila persepuluh, perseratus, dst. ada), maupun di basis-basis selain 10 (sebagai contoh, dalam <a href="/wiki/Sistem_bilangan_biner" title="Sistem bilangan biner">biner</a> menunjukkan perpangkatan-perpangkatan 2 yang tidak digunakan).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReimer2014156,199–204-60">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aljabar_dasar">Aljabar dasar</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Aljabar dasar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aljabar dasar">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Number_line_with_numbers_-3_to_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Number_line_with_numbers_-3_to_3.svg/300px-Number_line_with_numbers_-3_to_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Number_line_with_numbers_-3_to_3.svg/450px-Number_line_with_numbers_-3_to_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Number_line_with_numbers_-3_to_3.svg/600px-Number_line_with_numbers_-3_to_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="54" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Garis_bilangan" title="Garis bilangan">Garis bilangan</a> dari -3 sampai 3, dengan 0 terletak di tengah.</figcaption></figure> Bilangan 0 adalah <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_asli" title="Bilangan asli">bilangan bulat taknegatif</a> terkecil, sekaligus bilangan bulat takpositif terbesar. <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_asli" title="Bilangan asli">Bilangan asli</a> tepat setelah 0 adalah 1 dan tidak ada bilangan asli sebelum 0. Bilangan 0 dapat dianggap atau tidak dianggap sebagai bilangan asli;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheng201732-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> setidaknya 0 adalah <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_bulat" title="Bilangan bulat">bilangan bulat</a>, sehingga juga merupakan <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_rasional" title="Bilangan rasional">bilangan rasional</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_riil" title="Bilangan riil">bilangan riil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheng201741,_48–53-63">[62]</a> Semua bilangan rasional merupakan <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_aljabar" title="Bilangan aljabar">bilangan aljabar</a>, termasuk 0. Ketika bilangan-bilangan riil diperluas untuk membentuk <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_kompleks" title="Bilangan kompleks">bilangan-bilangan kompleks</a>, 0 menjadi <a href="/wiki/Titik_nol" title="Titik nol">titik asal</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Bidang_kompleks" title="Bidang kompleks">bidang kompleks</a>. Bilangan nol dapat dianggap bukan positif maupun negatif,<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> atau alternatif lain, sekaligus positif dan negatif;<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> umumnya 0 digambarkan di tengah <a href="/wiki/Garis_bilangan" title="Garis bilangan">garis bilangan</a>. Nol adalah <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_genap" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilangan genap">bilangan genap</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> (artinya kelipatan 2), dan juga <a href="/wiki/Kelipatan_(matematika)" title="Kelipatan (matematika)">kelipatan</a> dari sebarang bilangan bulat, rasional, dan riil lainnya. Nol bukan <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_prima" title="Bilangan prima">bilangan prima</a> maupun <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_komposit" title="Bilangan komposit">bilangan komposit</a>: bukan prima karena bilangan prima bernilai lebih besar daripada 1 berdasarkan definisinya, dan bukan komposit karena tidak dapat dinyatakan sebagai perkalian dua bilangan asli yang lebih kecil.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> Berikut adalah beberapa aturan dasar saat berurusan dengan bilangan 0. Aturan-aturan ini berlaku untuk sebarang bilangan riil maupun kompleks <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}">, kecuali dinyatakan lainnya: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penambahan" title="Penambahan">Penambahan</a>: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x+0=0+x=x.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x+0=0+x=x.}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/225fb7083219179e7001b0e2952fb988e5007be5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:18.839ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x+0=0+x=x.}"> Artinya, 0 adalah <a href="/wiki/Unsur_identitas" title="Unsur identitas">unsur identitas</a> terhadap penambahan.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengurangan" title="Pengurangan">Pengurangan</a>: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x-0=x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x-0=x}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/83f03e09955fec669d1c4bce1ca6605526e17d57" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:9.761ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x-0=x}"> dan <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 0-x=-x.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>0</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 0-x=-x.}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5665ba325ca2144cc7c83cb888b046fc98bd7ca5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:12.216ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 0-x=-x.}"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkalian" title="Perkalian">Perkalian</a>: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\cdot 0=0\cdot x=0.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\cdot 0=0\cdot x=0.}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7a09054735bb2343a8ec4b2d5e85167a42d64c9d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:16.349ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\cdot 0=0\cdot x=0.}"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembagian" title="Pembagian">Pembagian</a>: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {0}{x}}=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>0</mn> <mi>x</mi> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {0}{x}}=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/34b85c9d0683b64d820bb28c8f415f0b2710baee" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.037ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {0}{x}}=0}">, untuk <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}"> bukan bernilai nol. Namun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembagian_oleh_nol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembagian oleh nol (halaman belum tersedia)">x0</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Takterdefinisi_(matematika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takterdefinisi (matematika) (halaman belum tersedia)">tidak terdefinisi</a> karena 0 tidak memiliki <a href="/wiki/Invers_perkalian" title="Invers perkalian">invers perkalian</a> berdasarkan aturan sebelumnya di atas (tidak ada bilangan yang menghasilkan 1 ketika dikali dengan 0).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheng201747-68">[67]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpangkatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Perpangkatan">Perpangkatan</a>: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x^{0}={\tfrac {x}{x}}=1,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x^{0}={\tfrac {x}{x}}=1,}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec6fdd68cf3cf09bd53b9b40bd71fb24c6349c67" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:12.167ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x^{0}={\tfrac {x}{x}}=1,}"> kecuali <a href="/wiki/Nol_pangkat_nol" title="Nol pangkat nol">kasus ketika x = 0</a> yang dianggap takterdefinisi dalam beberapa konteks. Untuk semua bilangan rill positif <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}">, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 0^{x}=0.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 0^{x}=0.}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2457a4bcc4a34d85a9d8e06c12b650c3343b4f92" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.243ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 0^{x}=0.}"></li></ul> Ekspresi <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {0}{0}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>0</mn> <mn>0</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {0}{0}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0b144cb7a7047e07a67697a88d95413eac38825d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:1.658ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {0}{0}}}">, yang dapat dihasilkan saat mencoba menentukan <a href="/wiki/Limit_(matematika)" title="Limit (matematika)">limit</a> dari ekspresi berbentuk <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle {\tfrac {f(x)}{g(x)}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle {\tfrac {f(x)}{g(x)}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8bcd85d0e3af8c1fc00ff0eaa3832471cd6a279e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:3.96ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\textstyle {\tfrac {f(x)}{g(x)}}}">, dengan menerapkan operator <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lim }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lim }</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f3492ce8a823c21000f46e64db14732db9a8cce" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.23ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lim }"> secara terpisah ke kedua fungsi, dikenal sebagai "<a href="/wiki/Bentuk_tak_tentu" title="Bentuk tak tentu">bentuk tak tentu</a>." Hal ini tidak mengartikan limit yang dicari tidak terdefinisi; melainkan limit dari <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\textstyle {\tfrac {f(x)}{g(x)}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\textstyle {\tfrac {f(x)}{g(x)}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8bcd85d0e3af8c1fc00ff0eaa3832471cd6a279e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:3.96ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\textstyle {\tfrac {f(x)}{g(x)}}}">, jika ada, harus ditentukan dengan cara-cara lain, contohnya <a href="/wiki/Aturan_L%27H%C3%B4pital" title="Aturan L'Hôpital">aturan L'Hôpital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> Penjumlahan dari 0 bilangan (<a href="/wiki/Jumlah_kosong" title="Jumlah kosong">jumlah kosong</a>) adalah 0, dan perkalian dari 0 bilangan (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkalian_kosong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkalian kosong (halaman belum tersedia)">perkalian kosong</a>) adalah 1. <a href="/wiki/Faktorial" title="Faktorial">Faktorial</a> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 0!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>0</mn> <mo>!</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 0!}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/627442e2c57f7637917c970eacdd1f21808f9846" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.809ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 0!}"> sama dengan 1, sebagai kasus khusus dari perkalian kosong.<a href="#cite_note-gkp-70">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kegunaan_lainnya_dalam_matematika">Kegunaan lainnya dalam matematika</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Kegunaan lainnya dalam matematika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kegunaan lainnya dalam matematika">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Nullset.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nullset.svg/100px-Nullset.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nullset.svg/150px-Nullset.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nullset.svg/199px-Nullset.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="126" data-file-height="163" /></a><figcaption>Himpunan kosong memiliki nol anggota.</figcaption></figure> Peran bilangan 0 sebagai <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_cacah" title="Bilangan cacah">bilangan cacah</a> terkecil dapat diperumum maupun diperluas dalam banyak cara. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Teori_himpunan" title="Teori himpunan">teori himpunan</a>, 0 adalah <a href="/wiki/Kardinalitas" title="Kardinalitas">kardinalitas</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Himpunan_kosong" title="Himpunan kosong">himpunan kosong</a>: jika seseorang tidak memiliki apel, maka dia memiliki 0 apel. Faktanya, dalam beberapa perkembangan matematika aksiomatik dari teori himpunan, 0 <a href="/wiki/Definisi" title="Definisi">didefinisikan</a> sebagai himpunan kosong.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheng201760-71">[70]</a> Jika itu dilakukan, himpunan kosong menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penetapan_kardinal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penetapan kardinal (halaman belum tersedia)">penetapan kardinal</a> von Neumann untuk himpunan tanpa anggota; akibatnya fungsi kardinalitas yang diterapkan pada himpunan kosong selanjutnya menghasilkan himpunan kosong sebagai nilai. Bilangan nol juga menjadi <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_ordinal" title="Bilangan ordinal">bilangan ordinal</a> terkecil, selaras dengan pandangan himpunan kosong sebagai <a href="/wiki/Urutan_rapi" title="Urutan rapi">himpunan terurut-rapi</a>. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Teori_urutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Teori urutan">teori tatanan</a> (khususnya subcabang <a href="/wiki/Kekisi_(tatanan)" title="Kekisi (tatanan)">teori kekisi</a>), 0 dapat mewakili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elemen_terkecil_dan_terbesar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elemen terkecil dan terbesar (halaman belum tersedia)">elemen terkecil</a> suatu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekisi_(grup)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekisi (grup) (halaman belum tersedia)">kekisi</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Himpunan_terurut_parsial" title="Himpunan terurut parsial">himpunan terurut parsial</a> lainnya. Peran 0 sebagai identitas penambahan dapat diperumum di luar aljabar dasar. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Aljabar_abstrak" title="Aljabar abstrak">aljabar abstrak</a>, 0 umumnya digunakan untuk mewakili <a href="/wiki/Elemen_nol" class="mw-redirect" title="Elemen nol">elemen nol</a>, yang merupakan <a href="/wiki/Unsur_identitas" title="Unsur identitas">unsur identitas</a> untuk penambahan (jika terdefinisi pada struktur yang bersangkutan) dan <a href="/wiki/Elemen_penyerap" title="Elemen penyerap">elemen penyerap</a> untuk perkalian (jika terdefinisi). Beberapa contohnya meliputi <a href="/wiki/Elemen_identitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Elemen identitas">elemen identitas</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Grup_aditif" title="Grup aditif">grup-grup aditif</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ruang_vektor" title="Ruang vektor">ruang-ruang vektor</a>. Contoh lainnya adalah fungsi nol (atau peta nol) pada domain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>D</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D.}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f173f63969b15d29f4efe8403a0a7032ec8f8186" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.571ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D.}"> Ini adalah <a href="/wiki/Fungsi_konstan" title="Fungsi konstan">fungsi konstan</a> dengan 0 sebagai nilainya; yakni fungsi yang didefinisikan sebagai <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cf85883d74b75fe35ca8d3f2b44802df078e4fa1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.678ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=0}"> untuk semua <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\in D.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\in D.}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c163a96649a1a3f7754445e9c81ed3a95d53b7e7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.741ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\in D.}"> Dalam konteks fungsi dari bilangan riil ke bilangan riil, fungsi nol adalah satu-satunya fungsi yang berupa <a href="/wiki/Fungsi_genap" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungsi genap">fungsi genap</a> sekaligus <a href="/wiki/Fungsi_ganjil_dan_genap" title="Fungsi ganjil dan genap">ganjil</a>. Bilangan 0 juga digunakan dalam beberapa hal lainnya di banyak cabang matematika, beberapanya meliputi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akar_fungsi" title="Akar fungsi">Nilai-nilai nol dari fungsi</a> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}"> adalah semua titik <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}"> di domain fungsi dengan <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)=0.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)=0.}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0dccd79a10e741977d5bf9e89f815f6056a44120" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.325ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)=0.}"></li> <li>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Kalkulus_proposisional" title="Kalkulus proposisional">kalkulus proposisional</a>, 0 dapat digunakan untuk mewakili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilai_kebenaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nilai kebenaran (halaman belum tersedia)">nilai kebenaran</a> salah.</li> <li>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Teori_peluang" title="Teori peluang">teori peluang</a>, 0 adalah nilai terkecil yang mungkin untuk peluang suatu kejadian.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKardar200735-72">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sains_komputer">Sains komputer</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Sains komputer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sains komputer">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Komputer modern menyimpan informasi dalam <a href="/wiki/Sistem_bilangan_biner" title="Sistem bilangan biner">biner</a>, yakni sistem penulisan yang terdiri hanya dari dua simbol, umumnya dipilih "0" dan "1". Kode biner cocok digunakan untuk <a href="/wiki/Elektronika_digital" title="Elektronika digital">elektronika digital</a>, karena "0" dan "1" dapat diartikan ketiadaan atau keberadaan arus listrik dalam kabel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodford20069-73">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pemrogram_komputer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemrogram komputer">Pemrogram komputer</a> umumnya menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_pemrograman_tingkat_tinggi" title="Bahasa pemrograman tingkat tinggi">bahasa pemrograman tingkat-tinggi</a> yang lebih mudah dipahami manusia ketimbang <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_mesin" title="Bahasa mesin">instruksi-instruksi biner</a> yang dapat langsung diproses oleh <a href="/wiki/Unit_Pemroses_Sentral" title="Unit Pemroses Sentral">Unit Pemroses Sentral</a>. Simbol 0 digunakan dalam aspek-aspek penting di bahasa tingkat-tinggi. Sebagai contoh, <a href="/wiki/Tipe_data_boolean" title="Tipe data boolean">variabel Boolean</a> digunakan untuk menyimpan nilai antara benar atau salah, dan 0 sering dipilih sebagai representasi numerik dari salah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill202020-74">[73]</a> Simbol 0 juga berperan dalam pengindeksan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Larik_(tipe_data)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Larik (tipe data) (halaman belum tersedia)">larik</a>. Satu praktik umum sepanjang sejarah manusia adalah menghitung dari satu, dan ini diterapkan dalam bahasa pemrograman klasik seperti <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> dan <a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> Namun di akhir tahun 1950-an, <a href="/wiki/LISP" class="mw-redirect" title="LISP">LISP</a> memperkenalkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penomoran_berbasis-nol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penomoran berbasis-nol (halaman belum tersedia)">penomoran berbasis-nol</a> untuk larik, sedangkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Algol_58&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algol 58 (halaman belum tersedia)">Algol 58</a> memperkenalkan indeks yang fleksibel untuk larik (memungkinkan bilangan positif, nol, dan negatif, untuk indeks dari larik); yang membuat bahasa-bahasa pemrograman masa selanjutnya memilih salah satu dari dua sudut pandang tersebut. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a>]Sebagai contoh, elemen-elemen larik di <a href="/wiki/C_(bahasa_pemrograman)" title="C (bahasa pemrograman)">C</a> dinomori dari 0; sehingga untuk larik dengan n elemen, indeks larik berada di interval nilai 0 sampai n-1.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> Kerancuan terkait indeks berbasis-0 dan berbasis-1 dapat terjadi. Sebagai contoh, parameter indeks <a href="/w/index.php?title=JDBC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JDBC (halaman belum tersedia)">JDBC</a> di Java dimulai dari 1, sedangkan <a href="/wiki/Java_(bahasa_pemrograman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Java (bahasa pemrograman)">Java</a> sendiri menggunakan indeks berbasis-0.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> Dalam <a href="/wiki/Pangkalan_data" title="Pangkalan data">basis data</a>, suatu medan (field) mungkin tidak memiliki nilai; dan dalam kasus seperti itu disebut memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilai_null&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nilai null (halaman belum tersedia)">nilai null</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> Untuk medan numerik nilai ini bukanlah bilangan 0, dan untuk medan teks bukanlah teks kosong. Keberadaan nilai null menghasilkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logika_tiga-nilai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logika tiga-nilai (halaman belum tersedia)">logika tiga-nilai</a>. Dalam logika ini, kondisi juga dapat bernilai tak tentu, selain bernilai benar atau salah. Semua perhitungan yang menyertakan nilai null menghasilkan nilai null.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> Dalam <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_biner_bertanda" title="Bilangan biner bertanda">representasi bilangan bertanda</a> di beberapa perangkat keras komputer, nol memiliki dua representasi berbeda: +0 yang dikelompokkan bersama dengan bilangan-bilangan positif, dan -0 yang dikelompokkan dengan yang negatif. Representasi ini dikenal dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nol_bertanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nol bertanda (halaman belum tersedia)">nol bertanda</a>, dan bentuk kedua sebelumnya terkadang disebut sebagai nol negatif. Representasi ini meliputi representasi biner <a href="/w/index.php?title=Besaran_bertanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Besaran bertanda (halaman belum tersedia)">besaran bertanda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komplemen_satu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komplemen satu (halaman belum tersedia)">komplemen satu</a> (tapi tidak bentuk biner <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komplemen_dua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komplemen dua (halaman belum tersedia)">komplemen dua</a> yang digunakan di sebagian besar komputer modern), dan sebagian besar representasi bilangan <a href="/wiki/Aritmetika_titik_kambang" title="Aritmetika titik kambang">titik kambang</a> (seperti format titik kambang <a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_floating_point&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEEE floating point (halaman belum tersedia)">IEEE 754</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_hexadecimal_floating-point&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM hexadecimal floating-point (halaman belum tersedia)">IBM S/390</a>).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a>] Dalam istilah komputasi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurun_(komputasi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurun (komputasi) (halaman belum tersedia)">kurun</a> adalah tanggal dan waktu yang diasosiasikan dengan stempel waktu (timestamp) nol. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Unix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waktu Unix (halaman belum tersedia)">Kurun Unix</a> dimulai pada tengah malam sebelum 1 Januari 1970.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> Kurun <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic Mac OS">Mac OS Klasik</a> dan kurun <a href="/wiki/Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</a> dimulai pada tengah malam sebelum 1 Januari 1904.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> Di C, suatu <a href="/wiki/Bita" title="Bita">bita</a> yang mengandung nilai 0 digunakan untuk menandakan akhir dari karakter <a href="/wiki/Untaian" title="Untaian">untaian</a>. Simbol 0 juga digunakan sebagai cara standar untuk merujuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Null_pointer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Null pointer (halaman belum tersedia)">null pointer</a> di kode.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> Banyak <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">API</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sistem_operasi" title="Sistem operasi">sistem operasi</a> mengharuskan aplikasi menghasilkan nilai bilangan sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilai_keluar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nilai keluar (halaman belum tersedia)">nilai keluar</a>, umumnya nol untuk menandakan sukses dan tak-nol untuk menandakan suatu <a href="/wiki/Galat" title="Galat">galat</a> spesifik atau pesan peringatan.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/HistTopics/Zero.html">History of Zero</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar pustaka">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amir_D._Aczel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amir D. Aczel (halaman belum tersedia)">Aczel, Amir D.</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/findingzeromathe0000acze">Finding Zero</a>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-137-27984-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-137-27984-2">978-1-137-27984-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Finding+Zero&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-137-27984-2&rft.aulast=Aczel&rft.aufirst=Amir+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffindingzeromathe0000acze&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Asimov, Isaac</a> (1978). "Nothing Counts". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/asimovonnumbers00isaa">Asimov on Numbers</a>. New York: Pocket Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-671-82134-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-671-82134-0">978-0-671-82134-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1105483009">1105483009</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nothing+Counts&rft.btitle=Asimov+on+Numbers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Pocket+Books&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1105483009&rft.isbn=978-0-671-82134-0&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fasimovonnumbers00isaa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/John_D._Barrow" title="John D. Barrow">Barrow, John D.</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofnothing0000barr">The Book of Nothing</a>. Vintage. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-09-928845-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-09-928845-1">0-09-928845-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Nothing&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-09-928845-1&rft.aulast=Barrow&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofnothing0000barr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugenia_Cheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugenia Cheng (halaman belum tersedia)">Cheng, Eugenia</a> (2017). Beyond Infinity: An Expedition to the Outer Limits of Mathematics. Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-5416-4413-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-5416-4413-7">978-1-5416-4413-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+Infinity%3A+An+Expedition+to+the+Outer+Limits+of+Mathematics&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-5416-4413-7&rft.aulast=Cheng&rft.aufirst=Eugenia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehran_Kardar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehran Kardar (halaman belum tersedia)">Kardar, Mehran</a> (2007). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistical_Physics_of_Particles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistical Physics of Particles (halaman belum tersedia)">Statistical Physics of Particles</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-87342-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-87342-0">978-0-521-87342-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statistical+Physics+of+Particles&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-87342-0&rft.aulast=Kardar&rft.aufirst=Mehran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Reimer, David (2014). Count Like an Egyptian. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-16012-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-691-16012-2">978-0-691-16012-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Count+Like+an+Egyptian&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-691-16012-2&rft.aulast=Reimer&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chris_Woodford_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chris Woodford (author) (halaman belum tersedia)">Woodford, Chris</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190817150242/https://books.google.com/books?id=My7Zr0aP2L8C&pg=PA9">Digital Technology</a>. Evans Brothers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-237-52725-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-237-52725-9">978-0-237-52725-9</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=My7Zr0aP2L8C&pg=PA9">versi asli</a> tanggal 17 August 2019. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+Technology&rft.pub=Evans+Brothers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-237-52725-9&rft.aulast=Woodford&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMy7Zr0aP2L8C%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hill, Christian (2020). Learning Scientific Programming with Python (edisi ke-2nd). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-10707541-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-10707541-2">978-1-10707541-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Learning+Scientific+Programming+with+Python&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-10707541-2&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penelitian_terkait_sejarah">Penelitian terkait sejarah</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Penelitian terkait sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penelitian terkait sejarah">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21093234"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Bourbaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Bourbaki (halaman belum tersedia)">Bourbaki, Nicolas</a> (1998). Elements of the History of Mathematics. Berlin, Heidelberg, and New York: Springer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-540-64767-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-540-64767-8">3-540-64767-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elements+of+the+History+of+Mathematics&rft.place=Berlin%2C+Heidelberg%2C+and+New+York&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=3-540-64767-8&rft.aulast=Bourbaki&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Diehl, Richard A. (2004). The Olmecs: America's First Civilization. London: Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-500-28503-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-500-28503-9">978-0-500-28503-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Olmecs%3A+America%27s+First+Civilization&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-500-28503-9&rft.aulast=Diehl&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Ifrah, Georges (2000). The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-471-39340-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-471-39340-1">0-471-39340-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Universal+History+of+Numbers%3A+From+Prehistory+to+the+Invention+of+the+Computer&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-471-39340-1&rft.aulast=Ifrah&rft.aufirst=Georges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Kaplan, Robert (2000). The Nothing That Is: A Natural History of Zero. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-198-02945-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-198-02945-8">978-0-198-02945-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nothing+That+Is%3A+A+Natural+History+of+Zero&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-198-02945-8&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Seife&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Seife (halaman belum tersedia)">Seife, Charles</a> (2000). Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea. Penguin USA. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-14-029647-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-14-029647-6">0-14-029647-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zero%3A+The+Biography+of+a+Dangerous+Idea&rft.pub=Penguin+USA&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-14-029647-6&rft.aulast=Seife&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan_kaki">Catatan kaki</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan kaki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan kaki">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Tidak ada tanggal Hitung Panjang yang secara eksplisit menggunakan angka 0 telah ditemukan sebelum abad ke-3 M. Namun karena sistem Hitung Panjang tidak masuk akal tanpa menggunakan penanda-tempat, dan karena glif-glif Mesoamerikan umumnya tidak ditulis dengan membuat ruang/spasi kosong, tanggal-tanggal tersebut dianggap sebagai bukti tak-langsung bahwa konsep 0 sudah ada pada waktu itu. </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=0_(angka)&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <cite class="citation web">J J O'Connor; E F Robertson (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191115221313/http://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Egyptian_numerals.html">"Egyptian numerals"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk (halaman belum tersedia)">mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk</a>. University of St Andrews. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Egyptian_numerals.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 November 2019. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Egyptian+numerals&rft.date=2000&rft.au=J+J+O%27Connor&rft.au=E+F+Robertson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FHistTopics%2FEgyptian_numerals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Lumpkin, Beatrice (2002). "Mathematics Used in Egyptian Construction and Bookkeeping". The Mathematical Intelligencer. 24 (2): 20–25. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF03024613">10.1007/BF03024613</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mathematical+Intelligencer&rft.atitle=Mathematics+Used+in+Egyptian+Construction+and+Bookkeeping&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=20-25&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF03024613&rft.aulast=Lumpkin&rft.aufirst=Beatrice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReimer2014172-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReimer2014172_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReimer2014">Reimer 2014</a>, hlm. 172. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/calendar/cyclical-views-of-time">"Cyclical views of time"</a>. www.mexicolore.co.uk. Diakses tanggal 2024-01-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mexicolore.co.uk&rft.atitle=Cyclical+views+of+time&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mexicolore.co.uk%2Faztecs%2Fcalendar%2Fcyclical-views-of-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiehl2004186-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiehl2004186_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiehl2004">Diehl (2004)</a>, hlm. 186. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Mortaigne, Véronique (28 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141128222215/http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/nov/28/mayan-civilisation-paris-exhibition">"The golden age of Mayan civilisation – exhibition review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/nov/28/mayan-civilisation-paris-exhibition">versi asli</a> tanggal 28 November 2014. Diakses tanggal 10 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+golden+age+of+Mayan+civilisation+%E2%80%93+exhibition+review&rft.date=2014-11-28&rft.aulast=Mortaigne&rft.aufirst=V%C3%A9ronique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fculture%2F2014%2Fnov%2F28%2Fmayan-civilisation-paris-exhibition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCyphers2014" class="citation">Cyphers, Ann (2014), Renfrew, Colin; Bahn, Paul, ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-world-prehistory/olmec-1800400-bce/2C66AF7B3D041260EE2BFC94DF085029">"The Olmec, 1800–400 bce"</a>, The Cambridge World Prehistory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, hlm. 1005–1025, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-11993-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-11993-1">978-0-521-11993-1</a>, diakses tanggal 2024-08-13</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cambridge+World+Prehistory&rft.atitle=The+Olmec%2C+1800%E2%80%93400+bce&rft.pages=1005-1025&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-521-11993-1&rft.aulast=Cyphers&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fcambridge-world-prehistory%2Folmec-1800400-bce%2F2C66AF7B3D041260EE2BFC94DF085029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/time-kingship-and-the-maya-universe-maya-calendars/">"Expedition Magazine | Time, Kingship, and the Maya Universe Maya Calendars"</a>. Expedition Magazine (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2024-08-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Expedition+Magazine&rft.atitle=Expedition+Magazine+%7C+Time%2C+Kingship%2C+and+the+Maya+Universe+Maya+Calendars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penn.museum%2Fsites%2Fexpedition%2Ftime-kingship-and-the-maya-universe-maya-calendars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Leon, Manuel de (2022-12-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.elpais.com/science-tech/2022-12-20/knots-representing-numbers-the-mathematics-of-the-incas.html">"Knots representing numbers: The mathematics of the Incas"</a>. EL PAÍS English (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2024-06-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EL+PA%C3%8DS+English&rft.atitle=Knots+representing+numbers%3A+The+mathematics+of+the+Incas&rft.date=2022-12-20&rft.aulast=Leon&rft.aufirst=Manuel+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.elpais.com%2Fscience-tech%2F2022-12-20%2Fknots-representing-numbers-the-mathematics-of-the-incas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Wallin, Nils-Bertil (19 November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160825124525/http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/about/zero.jsp">"The History of Zero"</a>. YaleGlobal online. The Whitney and Betty Macmillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/about/zero.jsp">versi asli</a> tanggal 25 August 2016. Diakses tanggal 1 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YaleGlobal+online&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Zero&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.aulast=Wallin&rft.aufirst=Nils-Bertil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyaleglobal.yale.edu%2Fabout%2Fzero.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Seife2000-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Seife2000_12-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Seife&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Seife (halaman belum tersedia)">Seife, Charles</a> (1 September 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=obJ70nxVYFUC">Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea</a>. Penguin. hlm. 39. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-14-029647-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-14-029647-1">978-0-14-029647-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1005913932">1005913932</a>. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zero%3A+The+Biography+of+a+Dangerous+Idea&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1005913932&rft.isbn=978-0-14-029647-1&rft.aulast=Seife&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DobJ70nxVYFUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan200017-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan200017_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKaplan2000">Kaplan 2000</a>, hlm. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-Nieder2019-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Nieder2019_14-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Nieder, Andreas (19 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x4y5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA286">A Brain for Numbers: The Biology of the Number Instinct</a>. MIT Press. hlm. 286. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-262-35432-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-262-35432-5">978-0-262-35432-5</a>. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brain+for+Numbers%3A+The+Biology+of+the+Number+Instinct&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2019-11-19&rft.isbn=978-0-262-35432-5&rft.aulast=Nieder&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx4y5DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Huggett, Nick (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210110135804/https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/paradox-zeno/">"Zeno's Paradoxes"</a>. Dalam Zalta, Edward N. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (edisi ke-Winter 2019). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/paradox-zeno/">versi asli</a> tanggal 10 January 2021. Diakses tanggal 2020-08-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zeno%27s+Paradoxes&rft.btitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.edition=Winter+2019&rft.pub=Metaphysics+Research+Lab%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Huggett&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Fwin2019%2Fentries%2Fparadox-zeno%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_E._Neugebauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto E. Neugebauer (halaman belum tersedia)">Neugebauer, Otto</a> (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/exactsciencesant00neug">The Exact Sciences in Antiquity<img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a> (edisi ke-2). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dover_Publications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dover Publications (halaman belum tersedia)">Dover Publications</a>. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/exactsciencesant00neug/page/n30">13</a>–14, plate 2. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-486-22332-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-486-22332-2">978-0-486-22332-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Exact+Sciences+in+Antiquity&rft.pages=13-14%2C+plate+2&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-486-22332-2&rft.aulast=Neugebauer&rft.aufirst=Otto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexactsciencesant00neug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|orig-date=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Mercier-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Mercier_17-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Mercier, Raymond. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201105113109/http://www.raymondm.co.uk/prog/GreekZeroSign.pdf">"Consideration of the Greek symbol 'zero'"</a> (PDF). Home of Kairos. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raymondm.co.uk/prog/GreekZeroSign.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 5 November 2020. Diakses tanggal 28 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Home+of+Kairos&rft.atitle=Consideration+of+the+Greek+symbol+%27zero%27&rft.aulast=Mercier&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raymondm.co.uk%2Fprog%2FGreekZeroSign.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)<a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Sps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Sps (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Sps</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ptolemy-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Ptolemy_18-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> (1998). <a href="/wiki/Almagest" class="mw-redirect" title="Almagest">Ptolemy's Almagest</a>. Diterjemahkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_J._Toomer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald J. Toomer (halaman belum tersedia)">Toomer, G. J.</a> <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. hlm. 306–307. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-691-00260-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-691-00260-6">0-691-00260-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ptolemy%27s+Almagest&rft.pages=306-307&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-691-00260-6&rft.au=Ptolemy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|orig-date=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite class="citation web">O'Connor, J J; Robertson, E F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407074239/http://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Zero.html">"A history of Zero"</a>. MacTutor History of Mathematics. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Zero.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 7 April 2020. Diakses tanggal 28 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+history+of+Zero&rft.pub=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=J+J&rft.au=Robertson%2C+E+F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FHistTopics%2FZero.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221007235444/https://unicode.org/L2/L2004/04054-greek-zero.pdf">"Proposal to encode the Greek Zero in the UCS"</a> (PDF). 2024-07-31. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04054-greek-zero.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2022-10-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proposal+to+encode+the+Greek+Zero+in+the+UCS&rft.date=2024-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2004%2F04054-greek-zero.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Neugebauer-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Neugebauer_21-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Neugebauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Neugebauer (halaman belum tersedia)">Neugebauer, Otto</a> (2016). Ethiopic Astronomy and Computus (edisi ke-Red Sea Press). Red Sea Press. hlm. 25, 53, 93, 183, Plate I. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-56902-440-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-56902-440-9">978-1-56902-440-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethiopic+Astronomy+and+Computus&rft.pages=25%2C+53%2C+93%2C+183%2C+Plate+I&rft.edition=Red+Sea+Press&rft.pub=Red+Sea+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-56902-440-9&rft.aulast=Neugebauer&rft.aufirst=Otto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|orig-date=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>). The pages in this edition have numbers six less than the same pages in the original edition. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dionysius-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Dionysius_22-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Deckers, Michael (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190115083618/http://hbar.phys.msu.ru/gorm/chrono/paschata.htm">"Cyclus Decemnovennalis Dionysii"</a> [Nineteen Year Cycle of Dionysius]. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hbar.phys.msu.ru/gorm/chrono/paschata.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cyclus+Decemnovennalis+Dionysii&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Deckers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhbar.phys.msu.ru%2Fgorm%2Fchrono%2Fpaschata.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|orig-date=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-zero-23"><a href="#cite_ref-zero_23-0">^</a> C. W. Jones, ed., Opera Didascalica, vol. 123C in Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hodgkin-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Hodgkin_24-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Hodgkin, Luke (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmathema0000hodg">A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity<img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. Oxford University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmathema0000hodg/page/85">85</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-152383-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-152383-0">978-0-19-152383-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Mathematics%3A+From+Mesopotamia+to+Modernity&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-152383-0&rft.aulast=Hodgkin&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmathema0000hodg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson2004" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_J._O%27Connor_(matematikawan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John J. O'Connor (matematikawan) (halaman belum tersedia)">O'Connor, John J.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_F._Robertson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund F. Robertson (halaman belum tersedia)">Robertson, Edmund F.</a> (January 2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Chinese_numerals.html">"Chinese numerals"</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsip_Sejarah_Matematika_MacTutor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsip Sejarah Matematika MacTutor (halaman belum tersedia)">Arsip Sejarah Matematika MacTutor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universitas_St_Andrews" title="Universitas St Andrews">Universitas St Andrews</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chinese+numerals&rft.btitle=Arsip+Sejarah+Matematika+MacTutor&rft.pub=Universitas+St+Andrews&rft.date=2004-01&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FHistTopics%2FChinese_numerals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988"> . </li> <li id="cite_note-Hodgkin3-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Hodgkin3_26-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Hodgkin, Luke (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmathema0000hodg">A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity<img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. Oxford University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmathema0000hodg/page/85">85</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-152383-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-152383-0">978-0-19-152383-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Mathematics%3A+From+Mesopotamia+to+Modernity&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-152383-0&rft.aulast=Hodgkin&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmathema0000hodg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Chinese_numerals/">"Chinese numerals"</a>. Maths History (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maths+History&rft.atitle=Chinese+numerals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FHistTopics%2FChinese_numerals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShenCrossleyLun1999">Shen, Crossley & Lun 1999</a>, hlm. 12: "the ancient Chinese system is a place notation system" </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFEberhard-Bréard2008" class="citation">Eberhard-Bréard, Andrea (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4425-0_9453">"Mathematics in China"</a>, dalam Selin, Helaine, Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (dalam bahasa Inggris), Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, hlm. 1371–1378, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-4425-0_9453">10.1007/978-1-4020-4425-0_9453</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4020-4425-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4020-4425-0">978-1-4020-4425-0</a>, diakses tanggal 2024-04-28</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mathematics+in+China&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+History+of+Science%2C+Technology%2C+and+Medicine+in+Non-Western+Cultures&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.pages=1371-1378&rft.pub=Springer+Netherlands&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4020-4425-0_9453&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-4425-0&rft.aulast=Eberhard-Br%C3%A9ard&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4020-4425-0_9453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Crossley2-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Crossley2_30-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Shen Kanshen Crossley, John N.; Lun, Anthony W.-C. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eiTJHRGTG6YC">The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art: Companion and Commentary</a>. Oxford University Press. hlm. 35. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-853936-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-853936-0">978-0-19-853936-0</a>. <q>zero was regarded as a number in India ... whereas the Chinese employed a vacant position</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nine+Chapters+on+the+Mathematical+Art%3A+Companion+and+Commentary&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-853936-0&rft.aulast=Shen&rft.aufirst=Kangshen&rft.au=Crossley%2C+John+N.&rft.au=Lun%2C+Anthony+W.-C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeiTJHRGTG6YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Qin2-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Qin2_31-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104120005/http://grmath4.phpnet.us/istoria/the_history_of%20math_greece/the_history_of%20math_greece_3-5.pdf">"Mathematics in the Near and Far East"</a> (PDF). grmath4.phpnet.us. hlm. 262. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grmath4.phpnet.us/istoria/the_history_of%20math_greece/the_history_of%20math_greece_3-5.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 4 November 2013. Diakses tanggal 7 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=grmath4.phpnet.us&rft.atitle=Mathematics+in+the+Near+and+Far+East&rft.pages=262&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrmath4.phpnet.us%2Fistoria%2Fthe_history_of%2520math_greece%2Fthe_history_of%2520math_greece_3-5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Martzloff, Jean-Claude (2007). A History of Chinese Mathematics. Diterjemahkan oleh Wilson, Stephen S. Springer. hlm. 208. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-540-33783-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-540-33783-6">978-3-540-33783-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Chinese+Mathematics&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-540-33783-6&rft.aulast=Martzloff&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-struik332-33"><a href="#cite_ref-struik332_33-0">^</a> Struik, Dirk J. (1987). A Concise History of Mathematics. New York: Dover Publications. pp. 32–33. "In these matrices we find negative numbers, which appear here for the first time in history." </li> <li id="cite_note-plofker-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-plofker_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-plofker_34-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Plofker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim Plofker (halaman belum tersedia)">Plofker, Kim</a> (2009). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathematics_in_India_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathematics in India (book) (halaman belum tersedia)">Mathematics in India</a>. Princeton University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DHvThPNp9yMC&pg=PA54">54–56</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-12067-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-691-12067-6">978-0-691-12067-6</a>. <q>In the Chandah-sutra of Pingala, dating perhaps the third or second century BC, [ ...] Pingala's use of a zero symbol [śūnya] as a marker seems to be the first known explicit reference to zero. ... In the Chandah-sutra of Pingala, dating perhaps the third or second century BC, there are five questions concerning the possible meters for any value "n". [ ...] The answer is (2)7 = 128, as expected, but instead of seven doublings, the process (explained by the sutra) required only three doublings and two squarings – a handy time saver where "n" is large. Pingala's use of a zero symbol as a marker seems to be the first known explicit reference to zero</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mathematics+in+India&rft.pages=54-56&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-691-12067-6&rft.aulast=Plofker&rft.aufirst=Kim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Vaman Shivaram Apte (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4ArxvCxV1l4C&pg=PA648">"Sanskrit Prosody and Important Literary and Geographical Names in the Ancient History of India"</a>. The Student's Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Motilal Banarsidass. hlm. 648–649. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-208-0045-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-208-0045-8">978-81-208-0045-8</a>. Diakses tanggal 21 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sanskrit+Prosody+and+Important+Literary+and+Geographical+Names+in+the+Ancient+History+of+India&rft.btitle=The+Student%27s+Sanskrit-English+Dictionary&rft.pages=648-649&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0045-8&rft.au=Vaman+Shivaram+Apte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4ArxvCxV1l4C%26pg%3DPA648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Hall, Rachel (February 15, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190122014628/http://people.sju.edu/~rhall/Rhythms/Poets/arcadia.pdf">"Math for Poets and Drummers: The Mathematics of Rhythm"</a> (PDF) (slideshow). Saint Joseph's University. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.sju.edu/~rhall/Rhythms/Poets/arcadia.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 22 January 2019. Diakses tanggal 20 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Math+for+Poets+and+Drummers%3A+The+Mathematics+of+Rhythm&rft.pub=Saint+Joseph%27s+University&rft.date=2005-02-15&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.sju.edu%2F~rhall%2FRhythms%2FPoets%2Farcadia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-bourbaki46-37"><a href="#cite_ref-bourbaki46_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBourbaki1998">Bourbaki 1998</a>, hlm. 46 </li> <li id="cite_note-Weiss-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Weiss_38-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Weiss, Ittay (20 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180712124031/https://theconversation.com/nothing-matters-how-the-invention-of-zero-helped-create-modern-mathematics-84232">"Nothing matters: How India's invention of zero helped create modern mathematics"</a>. The Conversation. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/nothing-matters-how-the-invention-of-zero-helped-create-modern-mathematics-84232">versi asli</a> tanggal 12 July 2018. Diakses tanggal 12 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Nothing+matters%3A+How+India%27s+invention+of+zero+helped+create+modern+mathematics&rft.date=2017-09-20&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Ittay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fnothing-matters-how-the-invention-of-zero-helped-create-modern-mathematics-84232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Devlin_2017-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Devlin_2017_39-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hannah_Devlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannah Devlin (halaman belum tersedia)">Devlin, Hannah</a> (13 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171120225416/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/sep/14/much-ado-about-nothing-ancient-indian-text-contains-earliest-zero-symbol">"Much ado about nothing: ancient Indian text contains earliest zero symbol"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/sep/14/much-ado-about-nothing-ancient-indian-text-contains-earliest-zero-symbol">versi asli</a> tanggal 20 November 2017. Diakses tanggal 14 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Much+ado+about+nothing%3A+ancient+Indian+text+contains+earliest+zero+symbol&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Devlin&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2017%2Fsep%2F14%2Fmuch-ado-about-nothing-ancient-indian-text-contains-earliest-zero-symbol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914215604/http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/bodley/news/2017/sep-14">"Carbon dating finds Bakhshali manuscript contains oldest recorded origins of the symbol 'zero'"</a>. Bodleian Library. 14 September 2017. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/bodley/news/2017/sep-14">versi asli</a> tanggal 14 September 2017. Diakses tanggal 25 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bodleian+Library&rft.atitle=Carbon+dating+finds+Bakhshali+manuscript+contains+oldest+recorded+origins+of+the+symbol+%27zero%27&rft.date=2017-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bodleian.ox.ac.uk%2Fbodley%2Fnews%2F2017%2Fsep-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Plofker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim Plofker (halaman belum tersedia)">Plofker, Kim</a>; Keller, Agathe; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Takao_Hayashi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takao Hayashi (halaman belum tersedia)">Hayashi, Takao</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clemency_Montelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clemency Montelle (halaman belum tersedia)">Montelle, Clemency</a>; Wujastyk, Dominik (2017-10-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/hssa/index.php/hssa/article/view/22">"The Bakhshālī Manuscript: A Response to the Bodleian Library's Radiocarbon Dating"</a>. History of Science in South Asia (dalam bahasa Inggris). 5 (1): 134–150. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18732%2FH2XT07">10.18732/H2XT07</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Science+in+South+Asia&rft.atitle=The+Bakhsh%C4%81l%C4%AB+Manuscript%3A+A+Response+to+the+Bodleian+Library%27s+Radiocarbon+Dating&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=134-150&rft.date=2017-10-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18732%2FH2XT07&rft.aulast=Plofker&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft.au=Keller%2C+Agathe&rft.au=Hayashi%2C+Takao&rft.au=Montelle%2C+Clemency&rft.au=Wujastyk%2C+Dominik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.library.ualberta.ca%2Fhssa%2Findex.php%2Fhssa%2Farticle%2Fview%2F22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIfrah2000416-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIfrah2000416_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIfrah2000">Ifrah (2000)</a>, hlm. 416. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000[https://archive.org/details/nothingthatisnat00kapl/page/68_68–75]-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000[https://archive.org/details/nothingthatisnat00kapl/page/68_68–75]_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKaplan2000">Kaplan 2000</a>, hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nothingthatisnat00kapl/page/68">68–75</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-brahmagupta-44"><a href="#cite_ref-brahmagupta_44-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/algebrawitharith00brahuoft">Algebra, with Arithmetic and Mensuration from the Sanscrit of Brahmegupta and Bháscara</a>. Diterjemahkan oleh Henry Thomas Colebrooke. London: John Murray. 1817. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1039515732">1039515732</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Algebra%2C+with+Arithmetic+and+Mensuration+from+the+Sanscrit+of+Brahmegupta+and+Bh%C3%A1scara&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1817&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1039515732&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falgebrawitharith00brahuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Devlin_20173-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Devlin_20173_45-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hannah_Devlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannah Devlin (halaman belum tersedia)">Devlin, Hannah</a> (13 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171120225416/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/sep/14/much-ado-about-nothing-ancient-indian-text-contains-earliest-zero-symbol">"Much ado about nothing: ancient Indian text contains earliest zero symbol"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/sep/14/much-ado-about-nothing-ancient-indian-text-contains-earliest-zero-symbol">versi asli</a> tanggal 20 November 2017. Diakses tanggal 14 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Much+ado+about+nothing%3A+ancient+Indian+text+contains+earliest+zero+symbol&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Devlin&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2017%2Fsep%2F14%2Fmuch-ado-about-nothing-ancient-indian-text-contains-earliest-zero-symbol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2000_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKaplan2000">Kaplan 2000</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/George_C%C5%93d%C3%A8s" title="George Cœdès">Cœdès, George</a> (1931). "A propos de l'origine des chiffres arabes". Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London (dalam bahasa Prancis). Cambridge University Press. 6 (2): 323–328. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X00092806">10.1017/S0041977X00092806</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/607661">607661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+Studies%2C+University+of+London&rft.atitle=A+propos+de+l%27origine+des+chiffres+arabes&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=323-328&rft.date=1931&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X00092806&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F607661&rft.aulast=C%C5%93d%C3%A8s&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Diller, Anthony (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240914140501/sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/diller1996new.pdf">"New Zeros and Old Khmer"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mon-Khmer_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mon-Khmer Studies (halaman belum tersedia)">Mon-Khmer Studies</a>. 25: 125–132. Diarsipkan dari [sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/diller1996new.pdf versi asli] Periksa nilai <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_url" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) (PDF) tanggal 2024-09-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mon-Khmer+Studies&rft.atitle=New+Zeros+and+Old+Khmer&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=125-132&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Diller&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=sealang.net%2Fsala%2Farchives%2Fpdf8%2Fdiller1996new.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIfrah2000400-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIfrah2000400_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIfrah2000">Ifrah (2000)</a>, hlm. 400. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Casselman_(mathematician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Casselman (mathematician) (halaman belum tersedia)">Casselman, Bill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151206184352/http://www.ams.org/samplings/feature-column/fcarc-india-zero">"All for Nought"</a>. ams.org. University of British Columbia), American Mathematical Society. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ams.org/samplings/feature-column/fcarc-india-zero">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 December 2015. Diakses tanggal 20 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ams.org&rft.atitle=All+for+Nought&rft.aulast=Casselman&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fsamplings%2Ffeature-column%2Ffcarc-india-zero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Anton Pannekoek">Pannekoek, Anton</a> (1961). A History of Astronomy. George Allen & Unwin. hlm. 165. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780045200023" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780045200023">9780045200023</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/840043">840043</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Astronomy&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=George+Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F840043&rft.isbn=9780045200023&rft.aulast=Pannekoek&rft.aufirst=Anton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Durant-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Durant_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Durant_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Durant_52-2">c</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Will_Durant" title="Will Durant">Durant, Will</a> (1950). The Story of Civilization, Volume 4, The Age of Faith: Constantine to Dante – A.D. 325–1300. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-9650007-5-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-9650007-5-8">978-0-9650007-5-8</a>. <q>The Arabic inheritance of science was overwhelmingly Greek, but Hindu influences ranked next. In 773, at Mansur's behest, translations were made of the Siddhantas – Indian astronomical treatises dating as far back as 425 BC; these versions may have the vehicle through which the "Arabic" numerals and the zero were brought from India into Islam. In 813, al-Khwarizmi used the Hindu numerals in his astronomical tables.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Civilization%2C+Volume+4%2C+The+Age+of+Faith%3A+Constantine+to+Dante+%E2%80%93+A.D.+325%E2%80%931300&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1950&rft.isbn=978-0-9650007-5-8&rft.aulast=Durant&rft.aufirst=Will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|quote-page=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Brezina, Corona (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=955jPgAACAAJ">Al-Khwarizmi: The Inventor of Algebra</a>. The Rosen Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4042-0513-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4042-0513-0">978-1-4042-0513-0</a>. Diakses tanggal 26 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Khwarizmi%3A+The+Inventor+of+Algebra&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4042-0513-0&rft.aulast=Brezina&rft.aufirst=Corona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D955jPgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDurant1950">Durant 1950</a>, hlm. 241: "In 976, Muhammad ibn Ahmad, in his Keys of the Sciences, remarked that if, in a calculation, no number appears in the place of tens, a little circle should be used "to keep the rows". This circle the Mosloems called ṣifr, "empty" whence our cipher." </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><cite class="citation book">Sigler, Laurence (2003). Fibonacci's Liber Abaci: A Translation into Modern English of Leonardo Pisano's Book of Calculation. Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences. Diterjemahkan oleh Sigler, Laurence E. Springer. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4613-0079-3">10.1007/978-1-4613-0079-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4613-0079-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4613-0079-3">978-1-4613-0079-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fibonacci%27s+Liber+Abaci%3A+A+Translation+into+Modern+English+of+Leonardo+Pisano%27s+Book+of+Calculation&rft.series=Sources+and+Studies+in+the+History+of+Mathematics+and+Physical+Sciences&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4613-0079-3&rft.isbn=978-1-4613-0079-3&rft.aulast=Sigler&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988"> </li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Cite_periodical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Cite periodical (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Cite periodical</a></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><cite class="citation book">Hansen, Alice (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307234959/https://books.google.com/books?id=COJsbuUI1h8C&q=%22Therefore%2C+embracing+more+stringently+that+method+of+the+Hindus%2C+and+taking+stricter+pains+in+its+study%2C+while+adding+certain+things+from+my+own+understanding+and+inserting+also+certain+things+from+the+niceties+of+Euclid%27s+geometric+art.%22&pg=PT31">Primary Mathematics: Extending Knowledge in Practice</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). SAGE. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781446276532">10.4135/9781446276532</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-85725-233-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-85725-233-3">978-0-85725-233-3</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=COJsbuUI1h8C&pg=PT31">versi asli</a> tanggal 7 March 2021. Diakses tanggal 7 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Primary+Mathematics%3A+Extending+Knowledge+in+Practice&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781446276532&rft.isbn=978-0-85725-233-3&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCOJsbuUI1h8C%26pg%3DPT31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karpinski1911-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karpinski1911_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karpinski1911_56-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Smith, D. E.; Karpinski, L. C. (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/hinduarabicnume02karpgoog#page/n145/mode/1up">"The spread of the [Hindu–Arabic] numerals in Europe"</a>. The Hindu–Arabic Numerals. Ginn and Company. hlm. 134–136 – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+spread+of+the+%5BHindu%E2%80%93Arabic%5D+numerals+in+Europe&rft.btitle=The+Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic+Numerals&rft.pages=134-136&rft.pub=Ginn+and+Company&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D.+E.&rft.au=Karpinski%2C+L.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fhinduarabicnume02karpgoog%23page%2Fn145%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Pedersen, Olaf (1985). "In Quest of Sacrobosco". Journal for the History of Astronomy. 16 (3): 175–221. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985JHA....16..175P">1985JHA....16..175P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002182868501600302">10.1177/002182868501600302</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+History+of+Astronomy&rft.atitle=In+Quest+of+Sacrobosco&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=175-221&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002182868501600302&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1985JHA....16..175P&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.aufirst=Olaf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIfrah2000588–590-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIfrah2000588–590_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIfrah2000">Ifrah 2000</a>, hlm. 588–590. </li> <li id="cite_note-bemer-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bemer_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bemer_59-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">Bemer, R. W. (1967). "Towards standards for handwritten zero and oh: much ado about nothing (and a letter), or a partial dossier on distinguishing between handwritten zero and oh". Communications of the ACM. 10 (8): 513–518. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F363534.363563">10.1145/363534.363563</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Towards+standards+for+handwritten+zero+and+oh%3A+much+ado+about+nothing+%28and+a+letter%29%2C+or+a+partial+dossier+on+distinguishing+between+handwritten+zero+and+oh&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=513-518&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F363534.363563&rft.aulast=Bemer&rft.aufirst=R.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReimer2014156,199–204-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReimer2014156,199–204_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReimer2014">Reimer 2014</a>, hlm. 156,199–204. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheng201732-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheng201732_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCheng2017">Cheng 2017</a>, hlm. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Bunt, Lucas Nicolaas Hendrik; Jones, Phillip S.; Bedient, Jack D. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160623174716/https://books.google.com/books?id=7xArILpcndYC">The historical roots of elementary mathematics</a>. Courier Dover Publications. hlm. 254–255. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-486-13968-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-486-13968-5">978-0-486-13968-5</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7xArILpcndYC">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 June 2016. Diakses tanggal 5 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+historical+roots+of+elementary+mathematics&rft.pages=254-255&rft.pub=Courier+Dover+Publications&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-486-13968-5&rft.aulast=Bunt&rft.aufirst=Lucas+Nicolaas+Hendrik&rft.au=Jones%2C+Phillip+S.&rft.au=Bedient%2C+Jack+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7xArILpcndYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7xArILpcndYC&pg=PA255">Extract of pp. 254–255</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160510195505/https://books.google.com/books?id=7xArILpcndYC&pg=PA255">Diarsipkan</a> 10 May 2016 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheng201741,_48–53-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheng201741,_48–53_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCheng2017">Cheng 2017</a>, hlm. 41, 48–53. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Weisstein, Eric W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130601190920/http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Zero.html">"Zero"</a>. Wolfram (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Zero.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 1 June 2013. Diakses tanggal 4 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wolfram&rft.atitle=Zero&rft.au=Weisstein%2C+Eric+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmathworld.wolfram.com%2FZero.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Weil" title="André Weil">Weil, André</a> (2012-12-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614182810/https://books.google.com/books?id=NEHaBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3">Number Theory for Beginners</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4612-9957-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4612-9957-8">978-1-4612-9957-8</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NEHaBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3">versi asli</a> tanggal 14 June 2021. Diakses tanggal 6 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Number+Theory+for+Beginners&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.isbn=978-1-4612-9957-8&rft.aulast=Weil&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNEHaBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemma_(mathematics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lemma (mathematics) (halaman belum tersedia)">Lemma</a> B.2.2, The integer 0 is even and is not odd, in <cite class="citation book">Penner, Robert C. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discretemathemat0000penn">Discrete Mathematics: Proof Techniques and Mathematical Structures</a>. World Scientific. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discretemathemat0000penn/page/34">34</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-981-02-4088-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-981-02-4088-2">978-981-02-4088-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discrete+Mathematics%3A+Proof+Techniques+and+Mathematical+Structures&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-981-02-4088-2&rft.aulast=Penner&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiscretemathemat0000penn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Reid, Constance (1992). <a href="/w/index.php?title=From_Zero_to_Infinity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="From Zero to Infinity (halaman belum tersedia)">From zero to infinity: what makes numbers interesting</a> (edisi ke-4th). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathematical_Association_of_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathematical Association of America (halaman belum tersedia)">Mathematical Association of America</a>. hlm. 23. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-88385-505-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-88385-505-8">978-0-88385-505-8</a>. <q>zero neither prime nor composite</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+zero+to+infinity%3A+what+makes+numbers+interesting&rft.pages=23&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Mathematical+Association+of+America&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-88385-505-8&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Constance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheng201747-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheng201747_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCheng2017">Cheng 2017</a>, hlm. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Herman, Edwin; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_Strang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilbert Strang (halaman belum tersedia)">Strang, Gilbert</a>; et al. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220923230919/https://openstax.org/details/books/calculus-volume-1">Calculus</a>. 1. Houston, Texas: OpenStax. hlm. 454–459. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-938168-02-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-938168-02-4">978-1-938168-02-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1022848630">1022848630</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstax.org/details/books/calculus-volume-1">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 September 2022. Diakses tanggal 26 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calculus&rft.place=Houston%2C+Texas&rft.pages=454-459&rft.pub=OpenStax&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1022848630&rft.isbn=978-1-938168-02-4&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft.au=Strang%2C+Gilbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenstax.org%2Fdetails%2Fbooks%2Fcalculus-volume-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-gkp-70"><a href="#cite_ref-gkp_70-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Graham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald Graham (halaman belum tersedia)">Graham, Ronald L.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Knuth, Donald E.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oren_Patashnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oren Patashnik (halaman belum tersedia)">Patashnik, Oren</a> (1988). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Concrete_Mathematics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concrete Mathematics (halaman belum tersedia)">Concrete Mathematics</a>. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. hlm. 111. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-201-14236-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-201-14236-8">0-201-14236-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concrete+Mathematics&rft.place=Reading%2C+MA&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-201-14236-8&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Ronald+L.&rft.au=Knuth%2C+Donald+E.&rft.au=Patashnik%2C+Oren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheng201760-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheng201760_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCheng2017">Cheng 2017</a>, hlm. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKardar200735-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKardar200735_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKardar2007">Kardar 2007</a>, hlm. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodford20069-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodford20069_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWoodford2006">Woodford 2006</a>, hlm. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill202020-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill202020_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHill2020">Hill 2020</a>, hlm. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Overland, Brian (2004-09-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bW6MiHxPULUC&dq=cobol+array+index&pg=PT132">C++ Without Fear: A Beginner's Guide That Makes You Feel Smart</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Pearson Education. hlm. 132. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7686-8488-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7686-8488-9">978-0-7686-8488-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C%2B%2B+Without+Fear%3A+A+Beginner%27s+Guide+That+Makes+You+Feel+Smart&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2004-09-14&rft.isbn=978-0-7686-8488-9&rft.aulast=Overland&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbW6MiHxPULUC%26dq%3Dcobol%2Barray%2Bindex%26pg%3DPT132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Oliveira, Suely; Stewart, David E. (2006-09-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E6a8oZOS8noC&dq=C+array+index+zero&pg=PA64">Writing Scientific Software: A Guide to Good Style</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 64. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-139-45862-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-139-45862-7">978-1-139-45862-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+Scientific+Software%3A+A+Guide+to+Good+Style&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006-09-07&rft.isbn=978-1-139-45862-7&rft.aulast=Oliveira&rft.aufirst=Suely&rft.au=Stewart%2C+David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE6a8oZOS8noC%26dq%3DC%2Barray%2Bindex%2Bzero%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220509185749/https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/sql/ResultSet.html">"ResultSet (Java Platform SE 8 )"</a>. docs.oracle.com. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/sql/ResultSet.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 9 May 2022. Diakses tanggal 2022-05-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=docs.oracle.com&rft.atitle=ResultSet+%28Java+Platform+SE+8+%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.oracle.com%2Fjavase%2F8%2Fdocs%2Fapi%2Fjava%2Fsql%2FResultSet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Wu, X.; Ichikawa, T.; Cercone, N. (25 October 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331032618/https://books.google.com/books?id=SdLsCgAAQBAJ&q=%C2%A0In+databases%2C+it+is+possible+for+a+field+not+to+have+a+value+%28null%29&pg=PT197">Knowledge-Base Assisted Database Retrieval Systems</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). World Scientific. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-981-4501-75-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-981-4501-75-0">978-981-4501-75-0</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SdLsCgAAQBAJ&q=%C2%A0In+databases%2C+it+is+possible+for+a+field+not+to+have+a+value+%28null%29&pg=PT197">versi asli</a> tanggal 31 March 2022. Diakses tanggal 7 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knowledge-Base+Assisted+Database+Retrieval+Systems&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=1996-10-25&rft.isbn=978-981-4501-75-0&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=X.&rft.au=Ichikawa%2C+T.&rft.au=Cercone%2C+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSdLsCgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%25C2%25A0In%2Bdatabases%252C%2Bit%2Bis%2Bpossible%2Bfor%2Ba%2Bfield%2Bnot%2Bto%2Bhave%2Ba%2Bvalue%2B%2528null%2529%26pg%3DPT197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123185142/https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/rbd/9.5.1?topic=parts-null-values-nullable-type">"Null values and the nullable type"</a>. IBM. 12 December 2018. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/rbd/9.5.1?topic=parts-null-values-nullable-type">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 November 2021. Diakses tanggal 23 November 2021. <q>In regard to services, sending a null value as an argument in a remote service call means that no data is sent. Because the receiving parameter is nullable, the receiving function creates a new, uninitialized value for the missing data then passes it to the requested service function.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM&rft.atitle=Null+values+and+the+nullable+type&rft.date=2018-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdocs%2Fen%2Frbd%2F9.5.1%3Ftopic%3Dparts-null-values-nullable-type&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Paul DuBois. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lFsaBAAAQBAJ">"MySQL Cookbook: Solutions for Database Developers and Administrators"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170224134429/https://books.google.com/books?id=lFsaBAAAQBAJ">Diarsipkan</a> 24 February 2017 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 2014. p. 204. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Arnold Robbins; Nelson Beebe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J9WbAgAAQBAJ">"Classic Shell Scripting"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170224134147/https://books.google.com/books?id=J9WbAgAAQBAJ">Diarsipkan</a> 24 February 2017 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. 2005. p. 274 </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Iztok Fajfar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eHq9CgAAQBAJ">"Start Programming Using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170224134155/https://books.google.com/books?id=eHq9CgAAQBAJ">Diarsipkan</a> 24 February 2017 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. 2015. p. 160. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Darren R. Hayes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0qPfBQAAQBAJ">"A Practical Guide to Computer Forensics Investigations"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170224134341/https://books.google.com/books?id=0qPfBQAAQBAJ">Diarsipkan</a> 24 February 2017 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. 2014. p. 399 </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Reese, Richard M. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-U155tRMLJgC&dq=C%20%22null%20pointer%22%200&pg=PT26">Understanding and Using C Pointers: Core Techniques for Memory Management</a>. O'Reilly Media. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-449-34455-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-449-34455-9">978-1-449-34455-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+and+Using+C+Pointers%3A+Core+Techniques+for+Memory+Management&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-449-34455-9&rft.aulast=Reese&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-U155tRMLJgC%26dq%3DC%2520%2522null%2520pointer%2522%25200%26pg%3DPT26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Marc J. Rochkind (1985). Advanced UNIX Programming. Prentice-Hall Software Series. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-13-011818-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-13-011818-4">0-13-011818-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+UNIX+Programming&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+NJ&rft.series=Prentice-Hall+Software+Series&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-13-011818-4&rft.au=Marc+J.+Rochkind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3A0+%28angka%29" class="Z3988">  Here: Sect.5.5 "Exit system call", p.114. </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:0_(number)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:0 (number)">0 (number)</a>.</div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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