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meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Yunani+Kuno" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kronologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kronologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kronologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kronologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historiografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historiografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yunani_Arkais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yunani_Arkais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Yunani Arkais</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yunani_Arkais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yunani_Klasik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yunani_Klasik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Yunani Klasik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yunani_Klasik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Abad_ke-5_SM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abad_ke-5_SM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Abad ke-5 SM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abad_ke-5_SM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abad_ke-4_SM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abad_ke-4_SM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Abad ke-4 SM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abad_ke-4_SM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yunani_Helenistik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yunani_Helenistik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Yunani Helenistik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yunani_Helenistik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yunani Kuno</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 151 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-151" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">151 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antieke_Griekeland" title="Antieke Griekeland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Antieke Griekeland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikes_Griechenland" title="Antikes Griechenland – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Antikes Griechenland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiga_Grecia" title="Antiga Grecia – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Antiga Grecia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9" title="اليونان القديمة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اليونان القديمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%87" title="اليونان القديمه – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اليونان القديمه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%9A" title="প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰীচ – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰীচ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_Grecia" title="Antigua Grecia – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Antigua Grecia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D3%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B1_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="НекӀсияб Грекия – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="НекӀсияб Грекия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99dim_Yunan%C4%B1stan" title="Qədim Yunanıstan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qədim Yunanıstan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قدیم یونان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قدیم یونان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Боронғо Греция – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Боронғо Греция" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senuob%C4%97s_Graik%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Senuobės Graikėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Senuobės Graikėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suanoy_na_Gresya" title="Suanoy na Gresya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Suanoy na Gresya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Старажытная Грэцыя – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Старажытная Грэцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Старажытная Грэцыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Старажытная Грэцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Древна Гърция – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Древна Гърция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="প্রাচীন গ্রিস – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রাচীন গ্রিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%A0%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="གནའ་རབས་ཀེ་རི་སི། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གནའ་རབས་ཀེ་རི་སི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henc%27hres" title="Henc'hres – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Henc'hres" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%C4%8Dka_Gr%C4%8Dka" title="Antička Grčka – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Antička Grčka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Эртын Греци – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эртын Греци" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiga_Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Antiga Grècia – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antiga Grècia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%AB_H%C4%AD-l%C3%A9-n%C3%A0%CC%A4" title="Gū Hĭ-lé-nà̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gū Hĭ-lé-nà̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C" title="Шира Желтойчоь – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шира Желтойчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%86" title="یۆنانی کۆن – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یۆنانی کۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starov%C4%9Bk%C3%A9_%C5%98ecko" title="Starověké Řecko – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Starověké Řecko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Авалхи Греци – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Авалхи Греци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groeg_yr_Henfyd" title="Groeg yr Henfyd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Groeg yr Henfyd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldtidens_Gr%C3%A6kenland" title="Oldtidens Grækenland – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oldtidens Grækenland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikes_Griechenland" title="Antikes Griechenland – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Antikes Griechenland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunan%C4%B1stano_Antik" title="Yunanıstano Antik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Yunanıstano Antik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Αρχαία Ελλάδα – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχαία Ελλάδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ancient Greece" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikva_Grekio" title="Antikva Grekio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Antikva Grekio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_Grecia" title="Antigua Grecia – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antigua Grecia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vana-Kreeka" title="Vana-Kreeka – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vana-Kreeka" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antzinako_Grezia" title="Antzinako Grezia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Antzinako Grezia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یونان باستان – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یونان باستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiikin_Kreikka" title="Antiikin Kreikka – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Antiikin Kreikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vana-Kreeka" title="Vana-Kreeka – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vana-Kreeka" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forna_Grikkaland" title="Forna Grikkaland – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Forna Grikkaland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A8ce_antique" title="Grèce antique – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grèce antique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ual_Grichenlun" title="Ual Grichenlun – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ual Grichenlun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antighe_Grecie" title="Antighe Grecie – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Antighe Grecie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alde_Grikel%C3%A2n" title="Alde Grikelân – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Alde Grikelân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSean-Ghr%C3%A9ig" title="An tSean-Ghréig – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSean-Ghréig" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" title="古希臘 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="古希臘" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A8s_antik" title="Grès antik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Grès antik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%27_Ghr%C3%A8ig_%C3%80rsaidh" title="A' Ghrèig Àrsaidh – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="A' Ghrèig Àrsaidh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia_antiga" title="Grecia antiga – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Grecia antiga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyr%C3%A9sia_Ymaguare" title="Gyrésia Ymaguare – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Gyrésia Ymaguare" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BA_H%C3%AE-lia%CC%8Dp" title="Kú Hî-lia̍p – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kú Hî-lia̍p" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="יוון העתיקה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוון העתיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="प्राचीन यूनान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्राचीन यूनान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purana_Greece" title="Purana Greece – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Purana Greece" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stara_Gr%C4%8Dka" title="Stara Grčka – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stara Grčka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A8s_antik" title="Grès antik – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Grès antik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93kori_G%C3%B6r%C3%B6gorsz%C3%A1g" title="Ókori Görögország – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ókori Görögország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հին Հունաստան – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հին Հունաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia_antique" title="Grecia antique – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Grecia antique" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taga-ugma_a_Gresia" title="Taga-ugma a Gresia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Taga-ugma a Gresia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Шира Янехье – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Шира Янехье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiqua_Grekia" title="Antiqua Grekia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Antiqua Grekia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grikkland_hi%C3%B0_forna" title="Grikkland hið forna – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grikkland hið forna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antica_Grecia" title="Antica Grecia – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antica Grecia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2" title="古代ギリシア – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="古代ギリシア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ienshent_Griis" title="Ienshent Griis – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ienshent Griis" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griki_Kuna" title="Griki Kuna – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Griki Kuna" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ძველი საბერძნეთი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძველი საბერძნეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81yyemgi_Greciya" title="Áyyemgi Greciya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Áyyemgi Greciya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%A9b%C9%A9njaaz%C9%A9_Kr%C9%9Bs%C9%A9" title="Kɩbɩnjaazɩ Krɛsɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kɩbɩnjaazɩ Krɛsɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ежелгі Грекия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ежелгі Грекия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="고대 그리스 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고대 그리스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Важ Эллада – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Важ Эллада" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yewnanistana_kevnare" title="Yewnanistana kevnare – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Yewnanistana kevnare" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Важ Греция – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Важ Греция" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hen_Res" title="Hen Res – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hen Res" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graecia_antiqua" title="Graecia antiqua – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Graecia antiqua" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%8C_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дегь Греция – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Дегь Греция" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elas_antica" title="Elas antica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Elas antica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antica_Grecia" title="Antica Grecia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Antica Grecia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senov%C4%97s_Graikijos_istorija" title="Senovės Graikijos istorija – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Senovės Graikijos istorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen%C4%81_Grie%C4%B7ija" title="Senā Grieķija – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Senā Grieķija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grisia_Taloha" title="Grisia Taloha – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Grisia Taloha" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Акрет Греций – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Акрет Греций" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Стара Грција – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Стара Грција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4" title="പ്രാചീന ഗ്രീക്ക് നാഗരികത – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രാചീന ഗ്രീക്ക് നാഗരികത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Эртний Грек – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эртний Грек" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%84_%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81" title="ꯑꯂꯤꯄ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯂꯤꯄ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="ग्रीक संस्कृती – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्रीक संस्कृती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani_Purba" title="Yunani Purba – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Yunani Purba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cia_Antiga" title="Grécia Antiga – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Grécia Antiga" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD" title="ရှေးခေတ်ဂရိ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှေးခေတ်ဂရိ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="یونان باستان دوره – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="یونان باستان دوره" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia_antica" title="Grecia antica – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Grecia antica" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ool_Grekenland" title="Ool Grekenland – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ool Grekenland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olde_Griekenlaand" title="Olde Griekenlaand – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Olde Griekenlaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="प्राचीन यवन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="प्राचीन यवन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oude_Griekenland" title="Oude Griekenland – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oude Griekenland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellas_i_antikken" title="Hellas i antikken – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hellas i antikken" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikkens_Hellas" title="Antikkens Hellas – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Antikkens Hellas" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia_antica" title="Grècia antica – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Grècia antica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Рагон Грекъ – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Рагон Грекъ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪੁਰਾਤਨ ਯੂਨਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੁਰਾਤਨ ਯੂਨਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staro%C5%BCytna_Grecja" title="Starożytna Grecja – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Starożytna Grecja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia_antica" title="Grecia antica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Grecia antica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پرانا یونان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پرانا یونان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لرغونی یونان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لرغونی یونان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cia_Antiga" title="Grécia Antiga – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grécia Antiga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91awpa_Qirisya" title="Ñawpa Qirisya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ñawpa Qirisya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grezia_antica" title="Grezia antica – Reto-Roman" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Grezia antica" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Roman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia_Antic%C4%83" title="Grecia Antică – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grecia Antică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Древняя Греция – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Древняя Греция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D2%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Старовіке Ґрецько – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Старовіке Ґрецько" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="पौराणयवनसंस्कृतिः – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पौराणयवनसंस्कृतिः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Былыргы Греция – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Былыргы Греция" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A8tzia_Antiga" title="Grètzia Antiga – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Grètzia Antiga" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grecia_antica" title="Grecia antica – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Grecia antica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auncient_Greece" title="Auncient Greece – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Auncient Greece" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قديم يونان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قديم يونان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%C4%8Dka_Gr%C4%8Dka" title="Antička Grčka – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antička Grčka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="පුරාතන ග්‍රීසිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පුරාතන ග්‍රීසිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ancient Greece" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starovek%C3%A9_Gr%C3%A9cko" title="Staroveké Grécko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Staroveké Grécko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%C4%8Dna_Gr%C4%8Dija" title="Antična Grčija – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Antična Grčija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greqia_e_lasht%C3%AB" title="Greqia e lashtë – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Greqia e lashtë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Стара Грчка – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стара Грчка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikens_Grekland" title="Antikens Grekland – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Antikens Grekland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugiriki_ya_Kale" title="Ugiriki ya Kale – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ugiriki ya Kale" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பண்டைக் கிரேக்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பண்டைக் கிரேக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Юнони Бостон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Юнони Бостон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" title="กรีซโบราณ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กรีซโบราณ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadymy_Gresi%C3%BDa" title="Gadymy Gresiýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gadymy Gresiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinaunang_Gresya" title="Sinaunang Gresya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sinaunang Gresya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antik_Yunanistan" title="Antik Yunanistan – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antik Yunanistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Борынгы Греция – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Борынгы Греция" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Стародавня Греція – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стародавня Греція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قدیم یونان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قدیم یونان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadimgi_Yunoniston" title="Qadimgi Yunoniston – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qadimgi Yunoniston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresa_antiga" title="Gresa antiga – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gresa antiga" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amuine_Grekanma" title="Amuine Grekanma – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Amuine Grekanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy_L%E1%BA%A1p_c%E1%BB%95_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i" title="Hy Lạp cổ đại – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hy Lạp cổ đại" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadton_Gresya" title="Hadton Gresya – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hadton Gresya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="古希腊 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="古希腊" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ჯვეში საბერძნეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯვეში საბერძნეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%98_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="אוראלט גריכנלאנד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אוראלט גריכנלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hihlaz_ciuhgeq" title="Hihlaz ciuhgeq – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Hihlaz ciuhgeq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="古希腊 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="古希腊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" title="古希臘 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="古希臘" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3%CD%98-t%C4%81i_Hi-lia%CC%8Dp" title="Kó͘-tāi Hi-lia̍p – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kó͘-tāi Hi-lia̍p" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" title="古希臘 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="古希臘" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11772#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Yunani_Kuno" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Yunani_Kuno" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="/wiki/Yunani_Kuno"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. 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class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11772" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Parthenon_from_south.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Parthenon_from_south.jpg/300px-Parthenon_from_south.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="450" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Parthenon_from_south.jpg/450px-Parthenon_from_south.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Parthenon_from_south.jpg/600px-Parthenon_from_south.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2345" data-file-height="3519" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a>, kuil dipersembahkan untuk <a href="/wiki/Dewi_Athena" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewi Athena">dewi Athena</a>, terletak di <a href="/wiki/Akropolis" title="Akropolis">Akropolis</a> di <a href="/wiki/Kota_Athena" class="mw-redirect" title="Kota Athena">kota Athena</a>, adalah salah satu lambang keunggulan budaya dan peradaban Yunani kuno.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a> memiliki buku di: <div style="margin-left:10px;"><i><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/id:Yunani_Kuno" class="extiw" title="b:id:Yunani Kuno">Yunani Kuno</a></i></div></div></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Yunani_kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunani kuno">Yunani</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Thomas1988_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas1988-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Kuno</b> adalah zaman <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Arkais" title="Yunani Arkais">Yunani Arkais</a> (abad ke-8 sampai abad ke-6 SM) sampai berakhirnya <a href="/wiki/Abad_Kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Abad Kuno">Abad Kuno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas1988_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas1988-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peradaban ini mencapai puncak kegemilangannya pada zaman <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Klasik" class="mw-disambig" title="Yunani Klasik">Yunani Klasik</a> (abad ke-5 sampai abad ke-4 SM). Pada zaman Yunani Klasik, bangsa Yunani di bawah pimpinan negara-kota <a href="/wiki/Athena" class="mw-redirect" title="Athena">Athena</a> berhasil mematahkan invasi <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Persia" title="Kekaisaran Persia">Kekaisaran Persia</a>. Masa jaya Athena berakhir ketika Athena dikalahkan <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Perang_Peloponnesos" title="Perang Peloponnesos">Perang Peloponnesos</a> pada tahun 404 SM. Seiring aksi penaklukan <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Agung" title="Aleksander Agung">Aleksander Agung</a>, kebudayaan Yunani, yang dikenal dengan sebutan <a href="/wiki/Periode_Helenistik" title="Periode Helenistik">peradaban Helenistis</a>, tersebar sampai ke pelosok <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a> dan ujung barat <a href="/wiki/Laut_Tengah" title="Laut Tengah">Laut Tengah</a>. </p><p>Istilah "Yunani Kuno" dipakai untuk menyifatkan peradaban di wilayah penutur <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a> pada Abad Kuno. Wilayah yang dimaksud tidak hanya terbatas pada <a href="/wiki/Geografi_Yunani" title="Geografi Yunani">semenanjung Yunani</a>, tetapi juga mencakup pula daerah-daerah lain yang didiami bangsa Yunani, antara lain Pulau <a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Aegea" title="Kepulauan Aegea">Kepulauan Aigea</a>, daerah pesisir <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> (kala itu disebut <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a>), Pulau <a href="/wiki/Sisilia" title="Sisilia">Sisilia</a>, dan kawasan selatan <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Italia" title="Semenanjung Italia">Semenanjung Italia</a> (dikenal dengan sebutan <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Besar" title="Yunani Besar">Yunani Besar</a>), maupun permukiman-permukiman orang Yunani di daerah pesisir <a href="/wiki/Kolkhis" title="Kolkhis">Kolkhis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iliria" title="Iliria">Iliria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trakia" title="Trakia">Trakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirenaika" title="Kirenaika">Kirenaika</a>, kawasan selatan <a href="/wiki/Galia" title="Galia">Galia</a>, kawasan timur dan timur laut <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Semenanjung Iberia">Semenanjung Iberia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iberia" title="Iberia">Iberia</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taurika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taurika (halaman belum tersedia)">Taurika</a>. </p><p>Kebanyakan <a href="/wiki/Sejarawan" title="Sejarawan">sejarawan</a> menganggap peradaban inilah yang membentuk dasar <a href="/wiki/Peradaban_Barat" title="Peradaban Barat">Peradaban Barat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kebudayaan Yunani sangat mempengaruhi <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi" title="Kekaisaran Romawi">Kekaisaran Romawi</a>, yang pada gilirannya mempengaruhi kawasan-kawasan lain di <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a>. Peradaban Yunani Kuno juga sangat mempengaruhi bahasa, politik, sistem pendidikan, filsafat, ilmu, seni rupa, maupun kemunculan <a href="/wiki/Renaisans" title="Renaisans">Renaisans</a> di <a href="/wiki/Eropa_Barat" title="Eropa Barat">Eropa Barat</a>, serta kembali diminati pada era kebangkitan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Klasik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo-Klasik (halaman belum tersedia)">Neo-Klasik</a> <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-18" class="mw-redirect" title="Abad ke-18">abad ke-18</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-19" class="mw-redirect" title="Abad ke-19">ke-19</a> di Eropa dan <a href="/wiki/Amerika" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerika">Amerika</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kronologi">Kronologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Kronologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kronologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_Yunani_kuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu Yunani kuno (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis waktu Yunani kuno</a></div> <p>Tidak ada kesepakatan yang tetap dan universal mengenai waktu awal dan akhir masa <a href="/wiki/Antikuitas_Klasik" class="mw-redirect" title="Antikuitas Klasik">Antikuitas Klasik</a>. Biasanya dimulai sejak abad ke-8 SM sampai abad ke-6 M, atau sekitar 1300 tahun. </p><p>Antikuitas Klasik di Yunani didahului oleh <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Kegelapan_Yunani" title="Zaman Kegelapan Yunani">Zaman Kegelapan Yunani</a> (1100 - 750 SM), yang secara arkeologis dicirikan dengan gaya tembikar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_Protogeometris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni Protogeometris (halaman belum tersedia)">protogeometris</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Seni_Geometris" title="Seni Geometris">geometris</a>, yang dilanjutkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Periode_Oriental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periode Oriental (halaman belum tersedia)">Periode Oriental</a>, yaitu pengaruh yang kuat terhadap Yunani dari budaya <a href="/wiki/Negara_Suriah-Hittit" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Suriah-Hittit">Suriah-Hittit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Asiria_Baru" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Asiria Baru">Asiria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsa_Punisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsa Punisia (halaman belum tersedia)">Punisia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Periode_Menengah_Ketiga_Mesir" title="Periode Menengah Ketiga Mesir">Mesir</a>. </p><p>Secara tradisional, <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Arkais" title="Yunani Arkais">periode Arkais</a> di Yunani kuno dimulai dari kuatnya pengaruh Oriental pada abad ke-8 SM, yang merupakan salah satu faktor yang menjadikan Yunani memiliki <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Yunani" title="Alfabet Yunani">huruf alfabet</a> sendiri. Dengan alfabet, muncullah karya tulis Yunani kuno, yang paling terkenal adalah buatan <a href="/wiki/Homeros" title="Homeros">Homeros</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hesiodos" title="Hesiodos">Hesiodos</a>. Setelah periode Arkais, dimulailah <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Klasik" class="mw-disambig" title="Yunani Klasik">periode Klasik</a> sekitar 500 SM, yang pada gilirannya dilanjutkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Periode_Helenistik" title="Periode Helenistik">periode Helenistik</a> setelah kematian <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Agung" title="Aleksander Agung">Aleksander Agung</a> pada 323 SM. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Yunani" title="Sejarah Yunani">Sejarah Yunani</a> pada Antikuitas Klasik dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa periode berikut:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Zaman Arkais (750 - 500 SM) adalah ketika para seniman membuat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_patung_Yunani_kuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni patung Yunani kuno (halaman belum tersedia)">patung</a> berdiri dalam pose yang kaku dan keramat dengan '<a href="/w/index.php?title=Senyum_arkais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senyum arkais (halaman belum tersedia)">senyum arkais</a>'. Periode Arkais biasanya disebut berakhir dengan penggulingan kekuasaan tiran <a href="/wiki/Kota_Athena" class="mw-redirect" title="Kota Athena">Athena</a> yang terakhir pada 510 SM.</li> <li>Zaman Klasik (500 - 323 SM) dicirikan dengan gaya yang oleh para pengamat berikutnya disebut sebagai contoh, atau klasik, misalnya <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a>. Dalam politik, periode Klasik didominasi oleh <a href="/wiki/Athena_Klasik" class="mw-redirect" title="Athena Klasik">Athena</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Liga_Delos" title="Liga Delos">Liga Delos</a> pada abad ke-5 SM, yang digantikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Hegemoni_Sparta" title="Hegemoni Sparta">Hegemoni Sparta</a> pada awal abad ke-4 SM, sebelum kekuasaan beralih pada <a href="/wiki/Thiva" title="Thiva">Thebes</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Liga_Boiotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Liga Boiotia">Liga Boiotia</a> dan akhirnya pada <a href="/wiki/Liga_Korinthos" title="Liga Korinthos">Liga Korinthos</a> yang dipimpin oleh <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Makedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Makedonia">Makedonia</a>.</li> <li>Zaman Helenistis (323-146 SM) adalah ketika budaya dan kekuasaan Yunani menyebar sampai ke <a href="/wiki/Timur_Dekat" title="Timur Dekat">Timur Dekat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Timur_Tengah" title="Timur Tengah">Timur Tengah</a>. Periode ini dimulai setelah kematian Aleksander Agung dan berakhir dengan penaklukan Yunani oleh Romawi.</li> <li>Zaman <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Romawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunani Romawi">Yunani Romawi</a> adalah periode yang berlangsung sejak <a href="/wiki/Romawi" class="mw-disambig" title="Romawi">Romawi</a> menaklukan <a href="/wiki/Korinthos" title="Korinthos">Korinthos</a> dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Korinthos_(146_SM)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Korinthos (146 SM) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Korinthos</a> pada 146 SM sampai didirikannya <a href="/wiki/Bizantium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizantium">Bizantium</a> oleh kaisar <a href="/wiki/Konstantinus_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstantinus I">Konstantinus</a> sebagai ibu kota <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi" title="Kekaisaran Romawi">Kekaisaran Romawi</a> pada 330 SM.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antikuitas_Akhir" class="mw-redirect" title="Antikuitas Akhir">Fase akhir Antikuitas</a> adalah kurun waktu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemunduran_politeisme_Yunani-Romawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemunduran politeisme Yunani-Romawi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kristenisasi</a> dari akhir abad ke-4 M sampai abad ke-6 M, biasanya disebut berakhir setelah ditutupnya <i><a href="/wiki/Akademi_Plato" class="mw-redirect" title="Akademi Plato">Akademi</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonik" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoplatonik">Neoplatonik</a> oleh kaisar <a href="/wiki/Yustinianus_I" title="Yustinianus I">Yustinianus I</a> pada 529 M.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historiografi">Historiografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Historiografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Historiografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Periode bersejarah di Yunani kuno adalah unik dalam sejarah dunia karena merupakan periode pertama yang dibuktikan dengan adanya <a href="/wiki/Historiografi" title="Historiografi">historiografi</a> yang layak, sedangkan <a href="/wiki/Protosejarah" title="Protosejarah">protosejarah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah">sejarah</a> kuno yang lebih awal lebih banyak diketahui melalui bukti situasional, misalnya annal, atau daftar raja, dan epigrafu pragmatis. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Herodotos" title="Herodotos">Herodotos</a> dikenal secara luas sebagai "bapak sejarah", judul karyanya, <i><a href="/wiki/Historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Historia">Historia</a></i>, menjadi asal kata untuk <i>history</i>. Karya Herodotos ditulis antara 450 SM sampai 420 SM dan cakupannya mencapai satu abad ke belakang, membahas tokoh-tokoh bersejarah dari abad ke-6 seperti <a href="/wiki/Darius_I_dari_Persia" title="Darius I dari Persia">Darius I dari Persia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambyses II">Kambises II</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Psamtik_III" title="Psamtik III">Psamtik III</a>, serta menyinggung beberapa tokoh dari abad ke-8 semisal <a href="/wiki/Kandaules" title="Kandaules">Kandaules</a>. </p><p>Herodotos dilanjutkan oleh para penulis semacam <a href="/wiki/Thukydides" class="mw-redirect" title="Thukydides">Thukydides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xenophon" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a>. Sebagian besar dari para penulis ini adalah <a href="/wiki/Athena_Klasik" class="mw-redirect" title="Athena Klasik">orang Athena</a> atau pro-Athena, sehingga sejarah dan politik kota Athena lebih banyak diketahui daripada kota-kota lainnya. Cakupan mereka terbatas pada sejarah diplomasi, militer, dan politik, dan mengabaikan sejarah ekonomi dan sosial.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Yunani" title="Sejarah Yunani">Sejarah Yunani</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yunani_Arkais">Yunani Arkais</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Yunani Arkais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Yunani Arkais"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Prothesis_Dipylon_Painter_Louvre_A517.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Prothesis_Dipylon_Painter_Louvre_A517.jpg/250px-Prothesis_Dipylon_Painter_Louvre_A517.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Prothesis_Dipylon_Painter_Louvre_A517.jpg/375px-Prothesis_Dipylon_Painter_Louvre_A517.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Prothesis_Dipylon_Painter_Louvre_A517.jpg/500px-Prothesis_Dipylon_Painter_Louvre_A517.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Guci Dipylon dari periode Geometris akhir, permulaan periode Arkais, sekitar 750 SM.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Arkais" title="Yunani Arkais">Yunani Arkais</a></div> <p>Periode Arkais dimulai pada abad ke-8 SM, ketika Yunani mulai bangkit dari Zaman Kegelapan yang ditandai dengan keruntuhan peradaban Mykenai. Peradaban baca-tulis telah musnah dan <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">aksara Mykenai</a> telah dilupakan, akan tetapi bangsa Yunani mengadopsi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Punisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Punisia (halaman belum tersedia)">alfabet Punisia</a>, memodifikasinya dan menciptakan <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Yunani" title="Alfabet Yunani">alfabet Yunani</a>. Sekitar abad ke-9 SM catatan tertulis mulai muncul.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yunani saat itu terbagi-bagi menjadi banyak komunitas kecil yang berdaulat, terbentuk sesuai pola geografis Yunani, di mana setiap pulau, lembah, dan dataran terpisah satu sama lain oleh laut atau pengunungan.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Lelantin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Lelantin (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang Lelantin</a> (710–650 SM) adalah konflik yang berlangsung pada masa ini dan merupakan perang tertua yang berhasil terdokumentasikan dari masa Yunani kuno. Konflik ini adalah pertikaian antara <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">Polis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Negara_kota" title="Negara kota">negara kota</a>) <a href="/wiki/Khalkis" title="Khalkis">Khalkis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Eretria" title="Eretria">Eretria</a> dalam memperebutkan tanah Lelantina yang subur di <a href="/wiki/Euboia" title="Euboia">Euboia</a>. Kedua kota itu menderita kemunduran akibat lamanya perang, meskipun Khalkis menjadi pemenangnya. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pedagang" title="Pedagang">Kaum saudagar</a> berkembang pada paruh pertama abad ke-7 SM, ditunjukkan dengan diperkenalkannya <a href="/wiki/Koin_Yunani_kuno" title="Koin Yunani kuno">mata uang koin</a> sekitar 680 SM.<sup id="cite_ref-Žižek2011_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Žižek2011-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hal ini tampaknya menimbulkan ketegangan pada banyak negara kota. Rezim <a href="/wiki/Aristokrasi" title="Aristokrasi">kaum aristokrat</a> yang secara umum memerintah polis kini terancam oleh para saudagar kaya, yang pada gilirannya menginginkan juga kekuasaan politik. Sejak tahun 650 SM, para aristokrat harus berusaha supaya tidak digulingkan dan digantikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Tiran" title="Tiran">tiran</a> <a href="/wiki/Populisme" title="Populisme">populis</a>. Kata ini berasal dari kata Yunani <a href="/wiki/Peyoratif" class="mw-redirect" title="Peyoratif">non-peyoratif</a>, <i>τύραννος</i> "("tyrannos"), bermakna 'penguasa tidak sah', meskipun gelar ini berlaku baik untuk pemimpin yang bagus maupun yang buruk.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Populasi yang bertambah dan kurangnya lahan tampaknya telah memicu perselisihan internal antara kaum kaya dan kaum miskin di banyak negara kota. Di <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Messenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Messenia (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang Messenia</a> terjadi dan akibatnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Messenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messenia (halaman belum tersedia)">Messenia</a> ditaklukan dan penduduknya dijadikan budak. Perang ini dimulai pada paruh kedua abad ke-8 SM, dan merupakan suatu tindakan tanpa pendahulu di Yunani kuno. Praktik ini memungkinkan terjadinya revolusi sosial.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penduduk yang diperbudak, yang kemudian disebut <a href="/wiki/Helot" title="Helot">helot</a>, dipaksa untuk bertani dan bekerja untuk rakyat Sparta, sementara semua lelaki Sparta menjadi prajurit dan masuk ke dalam <a href="/wiki/Pasukan_Sparta" title="Pasukan Sparta">Pasukan Sparta</a>. Ini telah menjadikan Sparta sebagai negara yang termiliterisasi secara permanen. Bahkan orang kaya juga harus hidup dan berlatih sebagai prajurit seperti halnya kaum miskin. Penyetaraan ini bertujuan mengurangi potensi terjadinya konflik sosial antara kaum kaya dan kaum miskin. Reformasi ini disebut-sebut dilakukan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lykurgos_dari_Sparta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lykurgos dari Sparta (halaman belum tersedia)">Lykurgos dari Sparta</a> dan kemungkinan selesai pada 650 SM. </p><p>Athena menderita krisis tanah dan pertanian pada akhir abad ke-7 SM dan lagi-lagi mengalami perang saudara. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkhon_Athena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arkhon Athena (halaman belum tersedia)">arkhon</a> (hakim kepala) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drako&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drako (halaman belum tersedia)">Drako</a> membuat beberapa perubahan terhadap kode hukum pada 621 SM, tetapi tindakan ini gagal meredakan konflik. Pada akhirnya reformasi terjadi berkat <a href="/wiki/Solon" title="Solon">Solon</a> (594 SM), yang memperbanyak tanah untuk orang miskin tetapi menempatkan kaum aristokrat sebagai pemegang kekuasaan. Reformasi ini cukup membuat Athena stabil. </p><p>Pada abad ke-6 SM beberapa negara kota telah tumbuh menjadi kekuatan dominan Yunani, antara lain Athena, Sparta, <a href="/wiki/Korintus" title="Korintus">Korinthos</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Thebes" class="mw-disambig" title="Thebes">Thebes</a>. Masing-masing menaklukkan wilayah pedesaan dan kota kecil sekitarnya. Sementara Athena dan Korinthos juga menjadi kekuatan maritim dan perdagangan terkemuka. </p><p>Pertumbuhan penduduk yang pesat pada abad ke-8 dan ke-7 SM telah mengakibatkan perpindahan penduduk Yunani ke koloni-koloninya di <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Besar" title="Yunani Besar">Yunani Besar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> selatan dan <a href="/wiki/Sisilia" title="Sisilia">Sisilia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> dan wilayah lainnya. Emigrasi ini berakhir pada abad ke-6 yang pada saat itu dunia Yunani, secara budaya dan bahasa, mencakup kawasan yang jauh lebih luas dari negara Yunani sekarang. Koloni Yunani ini tidak diperintah oleh kota pembangunnya, meskipun mereka tetap menjalin hubungan keagamaan dan perdagangan. </p><p>Pada periode ini, perkembangan yang pesat dalam bidang ekonomi terjadi di Yunani dan juga di daerah-daerah koloninya, yang menikmati kemajuan dalam perdagangan dan manufaktur. Periode ini juga ditandai dengan meningkatnya standar hidup di Yunani dan koloninya. Beberapa studi memperkirakan bahwa rata-rata ukuran rumah tangga Yunani, pada periode 800 SM sampai 300 SM, meningkat sampai lima kali lipat, yang mengindikasikan adanya peningkatan tajam dalam hal pendapatan para penduduknya. </p><p>Pada paruh kedua abad ke-6 SM, Athena jatuh dalam cengkeraman tirani <a href="/wiki/Peisistratos" title="Peisistratos">Peisistratos</a> dan putranya; <a href="/wiki/Hippias" title="Hippias">Hippias</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hipparkhos" title="Hipparkhos">Hipparkhos</a>. Akan tetapi pada tahun 510 SM pada pelantikan aristokrat Athena <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keisthenes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keisthenes (halaman belum tersedia)">Keisthenes</a>, raja Sparta <a href="/wiki/Kleomenes_I" title="Kleomenes I">Kleomenes I</a> membantu rakyat Athena menggulingkan sang tiran. Setelah itu Sparta dan Athena berulang kali saling serang, pada suatu saat Kleomenes I mengangkat Isagoras yang pro-Sparta menjadi arkhon Athena. Untuk mencegah Athena menjadi negara boneka Sparta, Kleisthenes meminta warga Athena untuk melakukan suatu revolusi politik: bahwa semua warga Athena memiliki hak dan kewajiban politik yang sama tanpa memandang status: dengan demikian Athena menjadi "<a href="/wiki/Demokrasi" title="Demokrasi">demokrasi</a>". Gagasan ini disambut oleh warga Athena dengan bersemangat sehingga setelah berhasil menggulingkan Isagoras dan menerapkan reformasi Kleisthenes, Athena dengan mudah berhasil menangkal tiga kali serangan Sparta yang berusaha mengembalikan kekuasaan Isagoras.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bangkitnya demokrasi memulihkan kekuatan Athena dan memicu dimulainya 'masa keemasan' Athena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yunani_Klasik">Yunani Klasik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Yunani Klasik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Yunani Klasik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Klasik" class="mw-disambig" title="Yunani Klasik">Yunani Klasik</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:EarlyAthenianCoin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/EarlyAthenianCoin.jpg/250px-EarlyAthenianCoin.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/EarlyAthenianCoin.jpg/375px-EarlyAthenianCoin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/EarlyAthenianCoin.jpg/500px-EarlyAthenianCoin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1213" data-file-height="609" /></a><figcaption>Koin Athena awal, menggambarkan kepala <a href="/wiki/Dewi_Athena" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewi Athena">dewi Athena</a> dan burung hantu Athena di sebaliknya - abad ke-5 SM.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Map_athenian_empire_431_BC-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Map_athenian_empire_431_BC-en.svg/300px-Map_athenian_empire_431_BC-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Map_athenian_empire_431_BC-en.svg/450px-Map_athenian_empire_431_BC-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Map_athenian_empire_431_BC-en.svg/600px-Map_athenian_empire_431_BC-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption>Liga Delos ("Kekaisaran Athena"), sebelum <a href="/wiki/Perang_Peloponnesos" title="Perang Peloponnesos">Perang Peloponnesos</a> pada 431 SM.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abad_ke-5_SM">Abad ke-5 SM</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Abad ke-5 SM" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Abad ke-5 SM"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Perang_Yunani-Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Yunani-Persia">Perang Yunani-Persia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Perang_Peloponnesos" title="Perang Peloponnesos">Perang Peloponnesos</a></div> <p>Athena dan Sparta bersekutu untuk menghadapi ancaman asing yang sangat kuat dan berbahaya, <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Persia" title="Kekaisaran Persia">Kekaisaran Persia</a>. Setelah menindas <a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_Ionia" title="Pemberontakan Ionia">Pemberontakan Ionia</a>, Kaisar <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a> dari Persia, <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a> <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah" title="Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah">Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah</a> memutuskan untuk menaklukan Yunani. Serangan Persia pada tahun 490 SM diakhiri dengan kemenangan Athena dalam <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Marathon" title="Pertempuran Marathon">Pertempuran Marathon</a> di bawah kepemimpina <a href="/wiki/Miltiades_Muda" title="Miltiades Muda">Miltiades Muda</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes I</a>, putra dan pewaris Darius I, mencoba kembali menaklukan Yunani 10 tahun kemudian. Akan tetapi pasukan Persia yang berjumlah besar menderita banyak korban dalam <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Thermopylae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertempuran Thermopylae">Pertempuran Thermopylae</a>, dan persekutuan Yunani menang dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Slamis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Slamis (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Slamis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Plataia" title="Pertempuran Plataia">Pertempuran Plataia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Perang_Yunani-Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Yunani-Persia">Perang Yunani-Persia</a> berlangsung hingga 449 SM, dipimpin oleh Athena serta <a href="/wiki/Liga_Delos" title="Liga Delos">Liga Delosnya</a>, pada saat ini <a href="/wiki/Makedonia" class="mw-disambig" title="Makedonia">Makedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thrakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrakia">Thrakia</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keulauan_Aegea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keulauan Aegea (halaman belum tersedia)">Kepulauan Aigea</a> serta <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a> semua terbebas dari pengaruh Persia. </p><p>Posisi dominan kemaharajaan maritim Athena mengancam posisi Sparta dengan <a href="/wiki/Liga_Peloponnesos" title="Liga Peloponnesos">Liga Peloponnesos</a>-nya, yang meliputi kota-kota di daratan Yunani. Konflik tak terhindarkan ini berujung pada <a href="/wiki/Perang_Peloponnesos" title="Perang Peloponnesos">Perang Peloponnesos</a> (431-404 SM). Meskipun berulang kali berhasil menghambat perang, Athena berulang kali terpukul mundur. <a href="/wiki/Wabah_Athena" title="Wabah Athena">Wabah</a> Wabah penyakit yang menimpa Athena pada 430 SM disusul kegagalan <a href="/wiki/Ekspedisi_Sisilia" title="Ekspedisi Sisilia">ekspedisi militer ke Sisilia</a> sangat melemahkan Athena. Diduga sepertiga warga Athena tewas, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Perikles" title="Perikles">Perikles</a>, pemimpin mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sparta berhasil memancing pemberontakan para sekutu Athena, dan akhirnya melumpuhkan kekuatan militer Athena. Peristiwa penting terjadi pada 405 SM ketika Sparta berhasil memotong jalur suplai pangan Athena dari <a href="/wiki/Hellespont" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellespont">Hellespont</a>. Terpaksa menyerang, armada angkatan laut Athena yang pincang dihancurkan oleh pasukan Sparta di bawah pimpinan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lysandros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lysandros (halaman belum tersedia)">Lysandros</a> dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Aigospotami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Aigospotami (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Aigospotami</a>. Pada 404 SM Athena mengajukan permohonan perdamaian, dan Sparta menentukan persyaratannya; Athena harus kehilangan tembok kotanya (termasuk <a href="/wiki/Tembok_Panjang" title="Tembok Panjang">Tembok Panjang</a>), armada lautnya, dan seluruh koloninya di seberang laut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abad_ke-4_SM">Abad ke-4 SM</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Abad ke-4 SM" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Abad ke-4 SM"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yunani memasuki abad ke-4 SM di bawah <a href="/wiki/Hegemoni_Sparta" title="Hegemoni Sparta">hegemoni Sparta</a>, akan tetapi jelas dari awal bahwa Sparta memiliki kelemahan. Krisis demografi menyebabkan kekuasaan Sparta terlalu meluas sedangkan kemampuannya terbatas untuk mengelolanya. Pada 395 SM Athena, Argos, Thebes, dan Korinthos merasa mampu menantang dominasi Sparta, yang berujung pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Korinthios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Korinthios (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang Korinthios</a> (395-387 SM). Perang ini berakhir dengan status quo, dengan diselingi intervensi Persia atas nama Sparta. </p><p>Hegemoni Sparta berlangsung trus selama 16 tahun setelah peristiwa itu, hingga Sparta berusaha memaksakan kehendaknya kepada warga Thebes, Sparta kalah telak dalam <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Leuktra" title="Pertempuran Leuktra">Pertempuran Leuktra</a> pada tahun 371 SM. Jenderal Thebes <a href="/wiki/Epaminondas" title="Epaminondas">Epaminondas</a> memimpin pasukan Thebes memasuki semenanjung Peloponesos, sehingga banyak negara-kota memutuskan hubungannya dengan Sparta. Pasukan Thebes berhasil memasuki Messenia dan membebaskan rakyatnya. </p><p>Kehilangan tanah dan penduduk jajahan, Sparta jatuh menjadi kekuatan kelas dua. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hegemoni_Thebes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hegemoni Thebes (halaman belum tersedia)">Hegemoni Thebes</a> kemudian berdiri meski berusia singkat. Dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Mantinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Mantinea (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Mantinea</a> pada tahun 362 SM melawan Sparta dan sekutunya, Thebes kehilangan pemimpin pentingnya, Epamonides, meskipun mereka meraih kemenangan. Akibat kekalahan ini, baik Thebes maupun Sparta sama-sama menderita kerugian besar sehingga tak satupun di antara mereka atau sekutunya yang dapat meraih dominasi di Yunani. </p><p>Melemahnya berbagai negara-kota di jantung Yunani terjadi bersamaan dengan <a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Makedonia" title="Kebangkitan Makedonia">bangkitnya Makedonia</a>, yang dipimpin oleh <a href="/wiki/Filipus_II_dari_Makedonia" title="Filipus II dari Makedonia">Philippos II</a>. Dalam waktu dua puluh tahun, Philipos berhasil mempersatukan kerajaannya, memperluasnya ke utara dengan memojokkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsa_Illyria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsa Illyria (halaman belum tersedia)">suku-suku Illyria</a>, dan kemudian menaklukkan <a href="/wiki/Thessalia" title="Thessalia">Thessalia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Thrakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrakia">Thrakia</a>. Kesuksesannya terjadi berkat inovasinya, yang mereformasi <a href="/wiki/Pasukan_Makedonia" title="Pasukan Makedonia">pasukan Makedonia</a>. Berulang kali Philippos campur tangan dalam urusan politik negara-kota di selatan, yang berujung pada invasinya pada tahun 338 SM. </p><p>Setelah mengalahkan gabungan tentara Athena dan Thebes secara telak dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Khaironeia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Khaironeia (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Khaironeia</a> pada tahun 338 SM, Philippos secara <i>de facto</i> menjadi hegemon seluruh Yunan, kecuali Sparta. Ia memaksa mayoritas negara-kota Yunani untuk bergabung ke dalam <a href="/wiki/Liga_Korinthos" title="Liga Korinthos">Liga Korinthos</a> dan bersekutu dengannya, serta mencegah mereka saling menyerang. Philiposp memulai serangan terhadap <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah" title="Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah">Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah</a>, akan tetapi ia dibunuh oleh <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_dari_Orestis" title="Pausanias dari Orestis">Pausanias dari Orestis</a> pada awal konflik. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Agung" title="Aleksander Agung">Aleksander Agung</a>, putra dan pewaris Philippos, melanjutkan perang. Aleksander mengalahkan <a href="/wiki/Darius_III_dari_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius III dari Persia">Darius III dari Persia</a> dan menghancurkan Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah sepenuhnya, serta memasukkannya ke dalam <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Makedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Makedonia">Kekaisaran Makedonia</a>. Karena kehebatannya, ia memperoleh gelar 'Agung'. Ketika Aleksander wafat pada 323 SM, kekuasaan dan pengaruh Yunani berada pada puncaknya. Terjadi perubahan politik, sosial dan budaya yang mendasar; semakin menjauh dari polis (negara-kota) dan lebih berkembang menjadi <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Helenistik" title="Yunani Helenistik">kebudayaan Helenistik</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yunani_Helenistik">Yunani Helenistik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Yunani Helenistik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Yunani Helenistik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Periode Helenistik bermula pada 323 SM, ditandai dengan berakhirnya penaklukan <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Agung" title="Aleksander Agung">Aleksander Agung</a>, dan diakhiri dengan penaklukan Yunani oleh <a href="/wiki/Republik_Romawi" title="Republik Romawi">Republik Romawi</a> pada 146 SM. Meskipun demikian berdirinya kekuasaan Romawi tidak memutuskan kesinambungan sistem sosial kemasyarakatan dan budaya Yunani, yang tetap tidak berubah hingga bangkitnya agama <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a>, yang menandai runtuhnya kemerdekaan politik Yunani. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prostitusi_di_Yunani_kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitusi di Yunani kuno">Prostitusi di Yunani kuno</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Thomas1988-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas1988_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas1988_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Carol G. Thomas (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=NAwVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA27"><i>Paths from ancient Greece</i></a>. BRILL. hlm. 27–50. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9789004088467" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9789004088467">9789004088467</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 12-06-2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paths+from+ancient+Greece&rft.pages=27-50&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9789004088467&rft.au=Carol+G.+Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNAwVAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYunani+Kuno" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Tarnas, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=0n2C299jeOMC&lpg=PA25&pg=PP1#v=onepage&f=false">The Passion of the Western Mind</a></i> (New York: Ballantine Books, 1991).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Colin Hynson, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=hmweq2TyxvsC&lpg=PT5&pg=PT5#v=onepage&f=false">Ancient Greece</a></i> (Milwaukee: World Almanac Library, 2006), 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carol G. Thomas, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=NAwVAAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA1&pg=PA1#v=onepage&f=false">Paths from Ancient Greece</a></i> (Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1988).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pomeroy, Sarah B. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=INUT5sZku1UC"><i>Ancient Greece: a political, social, and cultural history</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780195097429" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780195097429">9780195097429</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Greece%3A+a+political%2C+social%2C+and+cultural+history&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780195097429&rft.aulast=Pomeroy&rft.aufirst=Sarah+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DINUT5sZku1UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYunani+Kuno" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Grant, Michael (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=IUNxvi0kbd8C&dq="><i>Greek and Roman historians: information and misinformation</i></a>. Routledge, 1995. hlm. 74. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780415117708" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780415117708">9780415117708</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+and+Roman+historians%3A+information+and+misinformation&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Routledge%2C+1995&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780415117708&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DIUNxvi0kbd8C%26dq%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYunani+Kuno" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hall Jonathan M. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=WGNH-oxXiAUC&dq="><i>A history of the archaic Greek world, ca. 1200-479 BCE</i></a>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780631226673" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780631226673">9780631226673</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+the+archaic+Greek+world%2C+ca.+1200-479+BCE&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780631226673&rft.au=Hall+Jonathan+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DWGNH-oxXiAUC%26dq%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYunani+Kuno" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sealey Raphael (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=kAvbhZrv4gUC&dq="><i>A history of the Greek city states, ca. 700-338 B.C.</i></a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. hlm. 10–11. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780631226673" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780631226673">9780631226673</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+the+Greek+city+states%2C+ca.+700-338+B.C.&rft.pages=10-11&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=9780631226673&rft.au=Sealey+Raphael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DkAvbhZrv4gUC%26dq%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYunani+Kuno" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Žižek2011-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Žižek2011_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Slavoj Žižek (18 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=MIz6BPT23Q4C&pg=PA218"><i>Living in the End Times</i></a>. Verso. hlm. 218. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781844677023" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9781844677023">9781844677023</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+in+the+End+Times&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2011-04-18&rft.isbn=9781844677023&rft.au=Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMIz6BPT23Q4C%26pg%3DPA218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYunani+Kuno" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=tyrant">"Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. Etymonline.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-01-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.pub=Etymonline.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dtyrant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYunani+Kuno" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/tyrant">"tyrant—Definitions from Dictionary.com"</a>. Dictionary.reference.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-01-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=tyrant%E2%80%94Definitions+from+Dictionary.com&rft.pub=Dictionary.reference.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Ftyrant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYunani+Kuno" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holland T. Persian Fire hlm. 69-70. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780349117171" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-349-11717-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holland T. Persian Fire p131-138. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780349117171" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-349-11717-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/history/060123_athens_fall.html">Typhoid Fever Behind Fall of Athens</a>. LiveScience. January 23, 2006.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yunani_Kuno&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fleur-de-coin.com/currency/greekcoinshistory.asp?sec=4">Sejarah uang Yunani</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/civil/greece/gr0000e.shtml">The Canadian Museum of Civilization—Greece Secrets of the Past</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk">Ancient Greece</a> website from the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/engen.greece">Economic history of ancient Greece</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060502201333/http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/engen.greece">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-05-02 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fleur-de-coin.com/currency/greekcoinshistory.asp?sec=4">The Greek currency history</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.limenoscope.ntua.gr/index.cgi?lan=en">Limenoscope</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511090038/http://www.limenoscope.ntua.gr/index.cgi?lan=en">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., an ancient Greek ports database</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitman.edu/theatre/theatretour/home.htm">The Ancient Theatre Archive</a>, Greek and Roman theatre architecture</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.hsc.edu/drjclassics/lectures/history/history.shtm">Illustrated Greek History</a>—Dr. Janice Siegel, Department of Classics, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampden-Sydney_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hampden-Sydney College (halaman belum tersedia)">Hampden-Sydney College</a>, Virginia</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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