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margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #ff6600; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#ff6600"><b>Some dare call it</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory"><font size="4" color="White"><b>Conspiracy</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ffe6d5;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Conspiracy_theories" title="Category:Conspiracy theories"><img alt="Icon conspiracy.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/5/58/Icon_conspiracy.svg/100px-Icon_conspiracy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/5/58/Icon_conspiracy.svg/150px-Icon_conspiracy.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/5/58/Icon_conspiracy.svg/200px-Icon_conspiracy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="195" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#ff6600; text-align:center;"><b>What <i>THEY</i> don't want<br />you to know!</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#ffe6d5;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evil_Liberal_Science_Conspiracy" title="Evil Liberal Science Conspiracy">Evil Liberal Science Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">7 July 2005 London bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 370">Malaysia Airlines Flight 370</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam" title="Hoover Dam">Hoover Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminati_(game)" title="Illuminati (game)">Illuminati (game)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beach" title="Bruce Beach">Bruce Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_boy_(portugu%C3%AAs)" title="Soy boy (português)">Soy boy (português)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saidit" title="Saidit">Saidit</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#ff6600; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Sheeple" title="Sheeple"><span style="color:white">Sheeple</span></a> <a href="/wiki/Wake_up" title="Wake up"><span style="color:white">wakers</span></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#ffe6d5;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_McPherson" title="Guy McPherson">Guy McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanna_Michaelsen" title="Johanna Michaelsen">Johanna Michaelsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Varg Vikernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alveda_King" title="Alveda King">Alveda King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Carlqvist" title="Ingrid Carlqvist">Ingrid Carlqvist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maajid_Nawaz" title="Maajid Nawaz">Maajid Nawaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">George Galloway</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conspiracynav" title="Template:Conspiracynav">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conspiracynav" title="Template talk:Conspiracynav">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Conspiracynav&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="note" class="hatnote">To be actively confused with perfectly mundane and harmless <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrail" class="extiw" title="wp:Contrail" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Contrail">contrails</span></a>,<sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> as this conspiracy theory is based entirely upon said confusion.</div> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>According to several <a href="/wiki/Paranoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Paranoid">paranoid</a> <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theorists" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theorists">conspiracy theorists</a>, chemtrails <i>look</i> like contrails but they are intentionally created by unknown people to poison us with unknown chemicals for some unknown reason.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—<i>The Sceptic's Dictionary</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chemtrails</b> (derived from "<b>chemical trails</b>"),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[note 1]</a></sup> according to various <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theorist">kooks</a>, are a currently ongoing mass aerial dispersal of unknown chemicals by <a href="/wiki/The_Powers_That_Be" class="mw-redirect" title="The Powers That Be">The Powers That Be</a>, for some vague but definitely nefarious purpose. This is one of the youngest among the more "established" conspiracy theories, having been first discussed at least as early as 1996,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a></sup> and is sadly still going strong — despite the complete lack of knowledge of basic meteorology, of <a href="/wiki/Evidence" title="Evidence">evidence</a>, of compelling motive, or indeed of basic plausibility. </p><p>Such conspiracy movement has been stimulated in recent times by the growing presence of condensation trails from commercial and military jet planes. However, this is easily explained by the growing number of flights, and also by the fact that jet engines are increasingly more efficient over the years, which translates directly in cooler exhaust gas, and thus in more frequent contrail formation (see an explanation of it in the body of the text). See e.g. "Influence of propulsion efficiency on contrail formation"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a></sup> for a comparison of new and old aircraft performance on this respect. </p><p>Proponents of the theory, often notably insane people such as <a href="/wiki/Alan_Watt" title="Alan Watt">Alan Watt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Alex Jones</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Norris" title="Chuck Norris">Chuck Norris</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/David_Icke" title="David Icke">David Icke</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></sup> support the idea that aerial chemical spraying is part of a massive, secret <a href="/wiki/Geoengineering" title="Geoengineering">geoengineering</a> effort to combat <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> with its temporary cooling effects. Some of the <a href="/wiki/Toxin" title="Toxin">toxic compounds</a> claimed as being released into the atmosphere are <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a> oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and barium salts, according to the allegations made against White House Science Czar <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Holdren" class="extiw" title="wp:John Holdren" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: John Holdren">John P. Holdren</span></a>.<sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a></sup> </p><p>That said, governments <i>have</i> been known to go batshit insane in the past. The Ministry Of Defence once spewed zinc cadmium sulphide (ZnCdS) over vast swaths of the population of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>, between 1953 and 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a></sup> These tests were to assess Britain's vulnerability if the <a href="/wiki/Russians" class="mw-redirect" title="Russians">Russians</a> decided to engage in <a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Weapons of mass destruction">biological warfare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a></sup> In 1950, the U.S. Navy sprayed <i>Serratia marcescens</i> and <i>Bacillus globigii</i> bacteria over the San Fransisco Bay area during Operation Sea Spray.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Contrails"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Contrails</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Chemtrail_history_and_culture"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Chemtrail history and culture</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#The_plot_itself"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">The plot itself</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#.22Evidence.22"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">"Evidence"</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Photo_evidence"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Photo evidence</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Black_ray"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Black ray</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Germany_admits_to_it.21"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Germany admits to it!</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Airpilots_admit_it.21"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Airpilots admit it!</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Doppler_Radar"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Doppler Radar</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#UN_2013_Report"><span class="tocnumber">4.6</span> <span class="toctext">UN 2013 Report</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Geo-engineering"><span class="tocnumber">4.7</span> <span class="toctext">Geo-engineering</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Hurricane_Sandy"><span class="tocnumber">4.8</span> <span class="toctext">Hurricane Sandy</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#The_lack_of_sense_this_conspiracy_makes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">The lack of sense this conspiracy makes</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Vinegar_Warriors"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Vinegar Warriors</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Viral_image"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Viral image</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Things_that_scare_Chemtrail_cranks"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Things that scare Chemtrail cranks</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Cloud_seeding"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Cloud seeding</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Crop_dusting"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Crop dusting</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Sky_writing_and_other_aerial_smoke_displays"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Sky writing and other aerial smoke displays</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Discussion_tropes"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Discussion tropes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Fighting_the_good_fight"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Fighting the good fight</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Our_sylph_allies"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Our sylph allies</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#In_a_nutshell"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">In a nutshell</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Contrails">Contrails</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Contrails">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Engine_exhaust_condensation.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Engine_exhaust_condensation.jpg/200px-Engine_exhaust_condensation.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Engine_exhaust_condensation.jpg/300px-Engine_exhaust_condensation.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Engine_exhaust_condensation.jpg/400px-Engine_exhaust_condensation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="1275" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Engine_exhaust_condensation.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><s>Regular engine exhaust condensation</s> Death from above!</div></div></div> <p>Aircraft fuel is composed primarily of hydrocarbons, which generate carbon dioxide and <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> vapour as their main combustion by-products. Contrails are formed when these hot exhaust gases mix with rarefied cool air. In a process similar to cloud formation, the water condenses around soot (particulate exhaust) and freezes quickly, forming a white haze of microscopic ice crystals<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[note 2]</a></sup> which is essentially an elongated cirrus cloud. But like automotive exhaust, jet exhaust is not entirely harmless. Over ten thousand deaths per year have been attributed to emissions from aviation,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a></sup> and contrails are responsible for 57 percent of the aviation industry's climate impact.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a></sup> </p><p>Since contrails generally form several hundred feet behind the aircraft, passengers on commercial airliners typically do not see contrails forming, giving weight to the claim that "chemtrails" only come from special military aircraft. Commercial planes also, of course, don't have windows that face the rear. This feature of contrails can often be seen in photos of purported chemtrails. However, the fact that there is a gap between the aircraft and the formation of the contrail is completely inconsistent with the idea that the planes are pumping out particulate matter and chemicals into the air, as one would expect to see the trail form immediately behind the aircraft. For instance, in the picture to the left, there is an obvious gap of 0.015625 seconds between the aircraft and alleged chemical plume (550mph = 807fps = 12ft/0.015625s]).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[note 3]</a></sup> </p><p>Note that contrails are different than the grayish "vapor trails" sometimes seen when flying low with flaps extended. These are formed of liquid water from the rapid decompression and cooling of air above the wings. </p><p>On days when cirrus cloud formation is occurring, there is more moisture in the upper atmosphere, and consequently, contrails may linger longer before evaporating. Since cirrus clouds often precede a general overcast or haze, <a href="/wiki/Post_hoc,_ergo_propter_hoc" title="Post hoc, ergo propter hoc">the casual observer could easily assume that the contrails have caused the overcast</a>, or become the overcast. The persistence of contrails varies with weather conditions: sometimes they dissipate almost immediately, but often they will persist for hours, with crossing trails sometimes forming gridlike patterns that stretch from horizon to horizon, which is no surprise considering the widespread use of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airway_(aviation)" class="extiw" title="wp:Airway (aviation)" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Airway (aviation)">airways</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> (especially near airports) as a necessary and everyday component of the overall <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_plan" class="extiw" title="wp:Flight plan" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Flight plan">flight plan</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> used by any and all commercial passenger planes. The "chemtrails" label is usually applied to these longer contrails, with their very persistence put forward as "evidence" that they cannot be normal contrails — a logic reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Poe%27s_Law" title="Poe's Law">disproving climate change with a freshly made snowball</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a></sup> </p><p>Contrails have been photographed for many decades, and there are many <a href="/wiki/WWII" class="mw-redirect" title="WWII">WWII</a> photographs available on the internet showing aircraft, such as B-17 bombers, with contrails.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a></sup> (Maybe they used B-17s for crop dusting! ONOZ!!) </p> <div style="clear:both"></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Chemtrail_history_and_culture">Chemtrail history and culture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chemtrail history and culture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hackney_sunset.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hackney_sunset.jpg/250px-Hackney_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="309" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hackney_sunset.jpg/375px-Hackney_sunset.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hackney_sunset.jpg/500px-Hackney_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="792" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Hackney_sunset.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Smeared contrails from London City Airport.</div></div></div> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>They're spraying us like bugs again today.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—A common complaint</cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Chemtrail theories were first brought to prominence in the 1990s by <a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">paranormal</a> pusher and talk radio host <a href="/wiki/Art_Bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Bell">Art Bell</a>. Aided by the internet, it is now a worldwide phenomenon and chemtrail watchers all over the globe exchange photographs and videos of their favorite contrails on forums and <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. </p><p>Chemtrails were mentioned in US House Bill HR2977,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a></sup> October 2, 2001, which banned various types of weapons in space. The reference to chemtrails was eventually removed, but the original inclusion is cited as evidence that they are a real phenomenon. Given that the original bill was introduced by <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich" title="Dennis Kucinich">Dennis Kucinich</a>, it perhaps reveals more about Kucinich than about whether chemtrails are real. </p><p>The chemtrail conspiracy is most popular among those familiar with the <a href="/wiki/New_World_Order" title="New World Order">New World Order</a> and those who claim that the spray is designed to pacify populations, either by making them sick, or some sort of <a href="/wiki/Mind_control" title="Mind control">mind control</a>. Like many other <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscientific</a> terms, earnest use of the word "chemtrails" immediately identifies the person using it as a <a href="/wiki/Crank" title="Crank">crank</a>, and is enough to harm credibility and provoke ridicule among <a href="/wiki/Reality-based_community" title="Reality-based community">those of a more rationalist disposition</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="The_plot_itself">The plot itself</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The plot itself">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Xkcd1677.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="/w/images/thumb/9/9c/Xkcd1677.png/200px-Xkcd1677.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="294" class="thumbimage" srcset="/w/images/9/9c/Xkcd1677.png 1.5x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="315" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Xkcd1677.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i><a href="/wiki/Xkcd" title="Xkcd">xkcd</a></i> has uncovered the root of the problem.</div></div></div> <p>The purpose of the supposed chemtrail campaign is admittedly unknown, but speculation includes: </p> <ul><li>Sterilization for <a href="/wiki/Genocide_conspiracy" title="Genocide conspiracy">genocide</a> or <a href="/wiki/Depopulation_conspiracy_theory" title="Depopulation conspiracy theory">population control</a></li> <li>Administration of <a href="/wiki/Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Drugs">drugs</a> for <a href="/wiki/Mind_control" title="Mind control">mind control</a> or pacification</li> <li>Suppression of <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">human</a> <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a></li> <li>To combat and control <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[note 4]</a></sup></li> <li>To mask the appearance of <a href="/wiki/Planet_X" title="Planet X">Planet X</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nibiru" title="Nibiru">Nibiru</a></li> <li>To help spread <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>. Because every mad idea in 2020 was linked to Covid.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a></sup></li> <li>To give <a href="/wiki/Monsanto" title="Monsanto">Monsanto</a> a global monopoly on <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food" title="Genetically modified food">genetically modified food</a> by poisoning the environment so nothing but their seeds will grow.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[note 5]</a></sup></li> <li>Various activities associated with <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">grand conspiracy theories</a>.</li></ul> <p>The alleged composition of chemtrails varies from one <a href="/wiki/Wingnut" title="Wingnut">wingnut</a> to another. According to the website of chemtrail "expert" Clifford Carnicom, they may contain barium, <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a>, magnesium, titanium, metallic salts, and microscopic fibers.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[21]</a></sup> Another site claims they are composed of "an oil based substance of unknown content" and "unknown biological components".<sup id="cite_ref-cloudbuster_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cloudbuster-27">[22]</a></sup> </p><p>The alleged effects of chemtrails are incredibly varied. A claim of increase in respiratory diseases is common. Weather alteration is often mentioned. In chemtrail site forums, nearly every unexplained headache or car-windshield spot is attributed to chemtrails. <a href="/wiki/Morgellons" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgellons">Morgellons</a> has been attributed to chemtrails by some cranks who don't understand that even if planes were dropping stuff into the atmosphere at 30,000 feet, it would be scientifically impossible for it to land on a person's arm at ground level 5 minutes after the plane passes overhead. </p><p>It is known that barium (supposedly included in chemtrails) has the ability to prevent activation of certain T-cells <i>in vitro</i>, although this process is reversible and not a proven <i>in vivo</i> effect of barium exposure.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[23]</a></sup> This has been made to fit into a wider secret plan to weaken the immune systems of the chemtrail targets.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[24]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span id=""Evidence""></span><span class="mw-headline" id=".22Evidence.22">"Evidence"</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: "Evidence"">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>Some people believe that it's not the known phenomenon of warm jet-engine exhausts mixing with cold air that forms condensation trails, but rather, chemicals intentionally being sprayed onto people by the government. No problem, let's just test this theory. Aaand… <i><b>OOPS!</b></i> <a href="/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">You <i>can't</i> test this theory</a>, at least not without a helicopter and a way to scoop up a sample of a contrail to test it against a <a href="/wiki/Control_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Control group">control group</a>. Go back to the start — and by the start, I mean kindergarden!</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—Maddox, <i>How to tell if you believe in bullshit</i><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[25]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Photo_evidence">Photo evidence</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Photo evidence">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Some photographic evidence of chemtrails supposedly exists, and is often touted around forums dedicated to the conspiracy. There are numerous photos that show what appears to be ominous looking tanks of "stuff" inside a commercial jet airliner.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[26]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[27]</a></sup> However, leaving <a href="/wiki/Paranoia" title="Paranoia">Paranoiaville</a> and landing in <a href="/wiki/Reality" title="Reality">Realityland</a>, the images are of flight testing equipment. Tanks of water are used to simulate the weight of passengers (without using real people, seats, overhead bins, carpeting, etc. which would all have to be designed (what colors? Seat spacing? Passenger sizes?), specified, purchased, stored, installed, later disposed of…) and the fluidity and pumping equipment allows the weight distribution to be altered — because sometimes, as it has been known to happen, everybody on one side of the airplane slowly ventures to the other side to eventually see some amazing sight in the clouds or on the ground far below. This situation (as harmless as it may appear) can cause a devastating and sometimes deadly situation for the pilot. Successfully navigating with this specially designed training aircraft will soon be a requirement for all passenger aircraft pilots, as this phenomenon of large masses of very slow moving passengers is increasing exponentially in occurrence.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[28]</a></sup> Other photographic "evidence" is just what it looks like; normal contrails of exhaust gases and condensed water vapor. More dramatic trails can be generated by injecting water into jet engines to create a more "smoky" exhaust either during take-off or for testing purposes. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Black_ray">Black ray</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Black ray">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:240px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Blackray.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/w/images/1/1f/Blackray.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="390" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="390" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Blackray.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A black ray contrail — simply a volumetric shadow that happens to be aligned.</div></div></div> <p>In the event that an aircraft is flying directly away from the setting or rising <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>, the contrail may cause a spectacular crepuscular ray, known in chemtrail jargon as the "black ray", after its sinister appearance. This has little to do with the chemicals sprayed into the contrail and everything to do with how the shadows work. A contrail can block out a significant amount of the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>, and this casts a shadow, which is what is usually interpreted by conspiracy nuts as a chemical change. </p><p>There are three main types of shadow that can occur due to contrails — and mostly they look a little odd because people aren't quite used to working with shadows in three dimensions.<sup id="cite_ref-contrailscience_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-contrailscience-34">[29]</a></sup> The first is self-shadowing, which is simply the effect of the contrail cloud having volume, so it develops a shadowed edge. This is particularly noticeable when the contrail is struck at certain low angles by the sun, or the atmospheric conditions are right to give the contrail a large, voluminous appearance. Parallel shadows give the illusion that a second, darker contrail is accompanying the brighter main one — but this is just the effect of the contrail casting a shadow onto a lower-lying and thin layer of cloud.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[30]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[31]</a></sup> This isn't helped by the distances involved playing tricks with depth perception, but it isn't anything special and it is observed whenever high clouds cast shadows onto thin layers of cloud or haze, sometimes producing multiple shadows when conditions are right.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[32]</a></sup> </p><p>Most black-ray contrails are due to volumetric shadows, so called because the shadow isn't cast on an object but through the atmosphere, slightly darkening the natural haze there.<sup id="cite_ref-contrailscience_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-contrailscience-34">[29]</a></sup> All shadows are volumetric in this manner, but when the observer is positioned to see it edge-on, the effect is to visibly darken the atmosphere. When aligned <i>just right</i>, this shadow can look like a darkened continuation of the contrail itself, and moving even slightly can reveal the "black ray" to be a simple illusion. With this in mind, all photos of "black rays" become quite apparent.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[note 6]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span id="Germany_admits_to_it!"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Germany_admits_to_it.21">Germany admits to it!</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Germany admits to it!">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>At least one <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> video<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[33]</a></sup> claims to show a <a href="/wiki/German" class="mw-redirect" title="German">German</a> news agency lifting the lid on military planes generating chemtrails and spraying barium into the atmosphere, according to the English subtitles. The actual German audio tells a rather different story: it's not about weather manipulation and chemicals, but about chaff (radar counter-measures) deployed from fighter planes during military exercises that were falsely registered as rain clouds on meteorological radars. </p><p>Here is a step-by-step instruction how to fabricate your very own "proof" of chemtrails, much like the above video: </p> <ol><li>Pick a somewhat sensationalist news item about the use of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaff_(countermeasure)" class="extiw" title="wp:Chaff (countermeasure)" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Chaff (countermeasure)">chaff</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> by the German military from a German TV station <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTL_Television" class="extiw" title="wp:RTL Television" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: RTL Television">known for broadcasting low-budget movies and softcore porn</span></a>.<sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> Don't worry, most people won't know that this isn't actually reliable news reporting in the first place.</li> <li>Add English subtitles, conveniently replacing all occurrences of "chaff" (German "Düppel") with "chemtrail", relying on the fact that the majority of your audience won't know that the German word for "chemtrail" is, well, "chemtrail".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[note 7]</a></sup> (If they knew, they might just notice that the word doesn't occur at all in the clip.) Make it appear as if the report is about actual "clouds" of chemicals, rather than false positives showing up only on radar screens.</li> <li>Add some subtle mistranslations that make it appear as if there is some form of evil intent behind all of this. Why talk about unintended distortions in radar images, when adding a slight twist will allow you to accuse the military of actively counterfeiting them?</li> <li>Replace more words in your subtitles; for example, write <i>climate</i> instead of the more boring and mundane <i>weather radar</i>. Remember: your audience doesn't understand German, so you're free to sell them anything you want and someone is bound to make a connection to <a href="/wiki/HAARP" title="HAARP">HAARP</a>. Just make it marginally fit the video image.</li> <li>Upload on Youtube, hyping it as a "Mainstream Media Exposé!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!11111111111ONEONEONE"</li> <li>???</li> <li>Profit.</li></ol> <h3><span id="Airpilots_admit_it!"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Airpilots_admit_it.21">Airpilots admit it!</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Airpilots admit it!">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>At least one YouTube video<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[34]</a></sup> claims that two aircraft pilots exposed chemtrails. However, these pilots admitted it was fake in order to see if Chemtrail idiots would fall for it.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[35]</a></sup> They did, obviously.<sup>[<i>citation NOT needed</i>]</sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Doppler_Radar">Doppler Radar</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Doppler Radar">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Apparently, according to some conspiracy theorists, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_radar" class="extiw" title="wp:Doppler radar" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Doppler_radar">Doppler radars</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> are evidence of chemtrails.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[36]</a></sup> However, that's not what Doppler radars are designed for. They're designed to detect <i>precipitation.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[37]</a></sup></i> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="UN_2013_Report">UN 2013 Report</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: UN 2013 Report">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>It's been claimed a 2013 report from the <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> is linked to Chemtrails.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[38]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Geo-engineering">Geo-engineering</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geo-engineering">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Some chemtrail conspiracy theorists, such as Watt and Jones, claim that contrails are actually part of a covert <a href="/wiki/Geoengineering" title="Geoengineering">geoengineering</a> scheme either to offset global warming by introducing a substance, generally aluminum oxide, into the atmosphere (this has been discussed with some level of seriousness by geo-engineers).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[39]</a></sup> Some cranks have gone so far as to protest geo-engineering conferences.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[40]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Hurricane_Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hurricane Sandy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>It has been claimed that <a href="/wiki/HAARP" title="HAARP">HAARP</a> caused <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a> and was "caught on satellite and radar". <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Hopkins" title="Michelle Hopkins">Guess who said it?</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[41]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="The_lack_of_sense_this_conspiracy_makes">The lack of sense this conspiracy makes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The lack of sense this conspiracy makes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_Chemtrails,_Kapelleufer,_Berlin_(7661060836).jpg" class="image"><img alt="Stop Chemtrails, Kapelleufer, Berlin (7661060836).jpg" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Stop_Chemtrails%2C_Kapelleufer%2C_Berlin_%287661060836%29.jpg/300px-Stop_Chemtrails%2C_Kapelleufer%2C_Berlin_%287661060836%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Stop_Chemtrails%2C_Kapelleufer%2C_Berlin_%287661060836%29.jpg/450px-Stop_Chemtrails%2C_Kapelleufer%2C_Berlin_%287661060836%29.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Stop_Chemtrails%2C_Kapelleufer%2C_Berlin_%287661060836%29.jpg/600px-Stop_Chemtrails%2C_Kapelleufer%2C_Berlin_%287661060836%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2016" /></a> </p> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span><i><a href="/wiki/Alien" class="mw-redirect" title="Alien">Alien</a> <a href="/wiki/Orb" title="Orb">Orbs</a> makes Black Trails <a href="/wiki/Evil" class="mw-redirect" title="Evil">Evil</a> Humans + <a href="/wiki/Reptilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptilian">Reptilian</a> Aliens = Poisoned Chemtrails Sky</i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—<a href="/wiki/Poe%27s_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Poe's law">Actual title</a> of a chemtrail disclosure video (in which the math <a href="/wiki/Time_cube" class="mw-redirect" title="Time cube">clearly checks out</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[42]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The very existence of the Grand Conspiracy required to administer chemtrails may be challenged on the basis of the difficulty of maintaining such a conspiracy for so long. Aerial spraying from high-altitude would be an extremely inefficient and inexact mode of delivering chemicals to ground-based targets. </p><p>Pesticides, for example, are often sprayed on crops from airplanes flying at 30 feet. Wide-area mosquito spraying may be done from an altitude of 150 feet. Chemtrails are supposedly deposited at 30,000 feet or higher, where winds would likely disperse them unpredictably and the compounds would probably break down before reaching the ground. </p><p>If there was a clandestine campaign to randomly expose all echelons of society to foreign chemicals, it would be simpler and more effective to put them in the water supply (see <a href="/wiki/Water_fluoridation" title="Water fluoridation">water fluoridation</a>), or the food supply — or, if inhalation was necessary, to release them from ground-based vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[note 8]</a></sup> </p><p>Note also that if governments used just military planes and not airliners, it would be a waste of resources for so little — if anything — in return, as they'd have to use <i>a lot</i> of them. Using airliners has the problems of <i>why</i> none of the many passengers, pilots, and especially technicians who maintain and fuel them notice or care about anything weird going on, and how both the chemicals and the system used to spray them lead to extra weight, something of concern for airlines because of their obsession with fuel prices, as well as for aircraft manufacturers, as they'd have had to incorporate that extra weight in their designs. And yet <i>another</i> flaw with this conspiracy is why there are no <a href="/wiki/Murphy%27s_Law" title="Murphy's Law">screw-ups</a> of the style of the spraying systems turning on by accident when a plane is taking off.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[note 9]</a></sup> </p><p>In addition, said Grand Conspiracy would require that <i>all</i> of the world's governments, including the supposedly hostile nations that [insert your favorite government overlords here] would have to be in cahoots with, would be agreeing to spray the chemtrails over their own populace, since there are very few national airspaces that do not have at least <i>some</i> aircraft flying to, from, within, or over them.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[note 10]</a></sup> Considering the amount of ongoing research on trace components of the atmosphere, the Grand Conspiracy would also have to be suppressing scientific documentation of anomalous chemical presences in the stratosphere, everywhere in the world, without anybody noticing or any authors anywhere crying foul.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[note 11]</a></sup> </p><p>But wait! How many international flights go over water where <i>there are no nations</i>, or over the poles where no humans live? <i>Clearly</i> these chemtrails are then responsible for ozone depletion/withdrawal of ice shelves/reduction of polar bear populations/desalination of the world's oceans/whatever you want to suggest they are, and anyone who dares to ask just <i>why</i> they'd go out of their way to deliberately wound the planet in this way is obviously a <a href="/wiki/Shill_gambit" title="Shill gambit">shill</a>! </p><p>Some cranks have gone even further, suggesting that it's not regular planes, but gigantic remote controlled planes (which look like true airliners, including being painted with real airlines' livery) which are the ones being used for chemtrailing. Now, while it's true there are <i>big</i> RC model of airliners as Boeing 747s,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[43]</a></sup> those people ignore the existence of sites such as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightradar24.com/">Flightradar24</a> that allow tracking of civilian flights in real time as well as the <i>big</i> differences between a scale model and a full-sized one (namely autonomy, speed, flight level, payload capacity, and flight behaviour), and of course that <i>a whole lot</i> of them would be needed, meaning much larger possibilities of something going wrong (crashes and the like) and everything being discovered. </p><p>All evidence presented by the conspiracy theorists focuses on pictures of the sky. It is all perfectly consistent with contrails. No other evidence such as detection of chemicals or pictures of actual chemical spraying planes or documentation detailing the government's plan has ever been forthcoming. Notably absent are potentially convincing evidence such as spectrographic analyses — after all, the contents of an aircraft's trail <i>can't</i> be hidden from a spectrograph. Or, for that matter, air sampling, which became so refined during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> that scientists could not only pick up the residual traces of a nuclear test thousands of miles downwind, but analyse them finely enough to reconstruct the design of the device tested. If these exquisitely sensitive technologies cannot detect the enormous amounts of "chemicals" supposedly being released into the atmosphere via "chemtrails", then those who believe in those chemicals need not only far better evidence that they exist than they have ever offered, but also a credible explanation for why they're undetectable. </p><p>Well… <i><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a></i> performed an analysis on chemtrails, and hasn't seen evidence of <b>strange</b> gases.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[44]</a></sup> Strange is bolded because in the video referenced, there's a heavy quote-mine, so that the uploader can rant about how <i>bad</i> <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nitrogen_dioxide" class="extiw" title="wp:nitrogen dioxide" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: nitrogen dioxide">nitrogen dioxide</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup></i> (who refuses to mention that we'd <i>smell</i> the gas if it came anywhere near the surface), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nitric_acid" class="extiw" title="wp:nitric acid" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: nitric acid">nitric acid</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> (again, anywhere near the surface, things would be eaten away), carbon dioxide (we breathed in <i>before</i> airplanes), and carbon monoxide (meanwhile, chemtrailers have no issues with cars) are. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Vinegar_Warriors">Vinegar Warriors</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Vinegar Warriors">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bottles_of_vinegar_at_a_supermarket.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bottles_of_vinegar_at_a_supermarket.jpg/250px-Bottles_of_vinegar_at_a_supermarket.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bottles_of_vinegar_at_a_supermarket.jpg/375px-Bottles_of_vinegar_at_a_supermarket.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bottles_of_vinegar_at_a_supermarket.jpg/500px-Bottles_of_vinegar_at_a_supermarket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="465" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Bottles_of_vinegar_at_a_supermarket.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>So, the plan is to get rid of chemicals in the atmosphere by pumping more chemicals (CH<sub>3</sub>COOH) into the atmosphere!</div></div></div> <p>There are an intrepid group of people who have discovered the secret to removing chemtrails: vinegar. There are numerous groups dedicated to it, and despite the obvious stupidity of it all, they seem to believe it. The trick is as follows; simply evaporate a certain amount of vinegar each day in order to disperse clouds and chemtrails and to clear the skies. Depending on how crazy the person proposing this can be, the volumes range from a few litres per day (mixed with extra water) to simply spraying it into the air from a bottle. Yes, that's right, people believe that clouds and chemicals at 20,000 ft can be dispersed and neutralised by spraying a couple of millilitres of dilute acetic acid in their back yard (presumably the patches of dead grass you can see in the videos these people produce<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[45]</a></sup> are just a coincidence). For those who can't quite afford the increase in energy bills associated with boiling 5+ litres of water a day for no reason, other advice includes simply tipping it onto asphalt to let it evaporate naturally. Complaints from neighbours about the smell aren't usually mentioned. </p><p>For that matter, even a modicum of chemical knowledge, and a simple experiment in distillation, will reveal that what is released into the atmosphere by evaporating vinegar is overwhelmingly, er, water. Vinegar is 95% water and 5% acetic acid to begin with, and the water is substantially more volatile than acetic acid. The acetic acid that <i>is</i> evaporated is considerably heavier than air, so it settles out rapidly and close to its source, and unless you're planning on lying next to a bottle of vinegar all day, keep it away from your lungs. If anything, by humidifying the atmosphere, evaporating vinegar <i>promotes</i> (infinitesimally) the formation of <s>chem</s>contrails. </p><p>There's relatively little to refute when it comes to this. Not least the complete <i>lack</i> of evidence that chemtrails are real, but even if they were real, there's no chance that spraying a minute amount of a fairly cheap weak acid is going to disperse chemicals over a range of dozens of cubic miles. Proponents do present evidence that their actions do work: the "chemtrails" eventually dissipate over time, about 10-30 minutes after spraying or evaporating the vinegar. <a href="/wiki/Correlation_does_not_imply_causation" title="Correlation does not imply causation">You know, exactly the same way they do when you <i>don't</i> spray the vinegar.</a> Then again, these are people who think spraying a minute amount of acetic acid and water into the air will break up a cloud a few miles away — so don't expect them to understand the concept of a controlled experiment. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Viral_image">Viral image</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Viral image">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ThisIsYourCaptainChemtrailing.jpg" class="image"><img alt="ThisIsYourCaptainChemtrailing.jpg" src="/w/images/thumb/0/0b/ThisIsYourCaptainChemtrailing.jpg/250px-ThisIsYourCaptainChemtrailing.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="thumbimage" srcset="/w/images/thumb/0/0b/ThisIsYourCaptainChemtrailing.jpg/375px-ThisIsYourCaptainChemtrailing.jpg 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/0/0b/ThisIsYourCaptainChemtrailing.jpg/500px-ThisIsYourCaptainChemtrailing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:ThisIsYourCaptainChemtrailing.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div></div></div></div> <p>The photo on the right, as if even needing to be debunked, is an alleged "legitimate photo of a cockpit control panel taken secretly aboard a commercial airliner" which went viral in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[46]</a></sup> It was originally taken inside an Embraer E145. The supposed "Chemtrail" switch is in fact labeled "Sterile Light" in the plane's manual.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[47]</a></sup> This image actually originated from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forums.jetcareers.com/threads/chemtrails-why-people-believe.204770/page-2#post-2321152">forums.jetcareers.com</a> by the user Ajax as a joke. </p> <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p><b>Ajax:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forums.jetcareers.com/attachments/10560486_10101584048825343_5058222788293314906_o-jpg.28533/">View attachment 28533</a><br /> <b>jtrain609:</b> That is a fantastic <a href="/wiki/Hoax" title="Hoax">photoshop job</a>!<br /> <b>Ajax:</b> not sure if sarcasm, but ill<small><sup>[<span title="short for: sic erat scriptum ('thus was it written'), meaning that it is intentionally spelled here like it was originally transcribed or translated from" style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><i>sic</i></span>]</sup></small> take the compliment regardless<br /> <b>jwp_145:</b> Not really. Font isn't even close. Detracts from the believability. </p><p>SOrry,<small><sup>[<span title="short for: sic erat scriptum ('thus was it written'), meaning that it is intentionally spelled here like it was originally transcribed or translated from" style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><i>sic</i></span>]</sup></small> I'm a designer so those things tend to stand out to me.<br /> <b>RDoug:</b> I noticed the same thing straight away — The "M", "E", and "T" were totally off from other labels in the photograph.<br /> <b>Ajax:</b> It was maybe a 10 minute job, had I cared more I probably could have made it better. I put it up on FB and a few people bit, so I figured it was good enough for that purpose. :)<br /> <b>RDoug:</b> Pretty much anyone who wants to believe this nonsense is going to lap this right up. <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_bias" title="Confirmation bias">People see what the<small><sup>[<span title="short for: sic erat scriptum ('thus was it written'), meaning that it is intentionally spelled here like it was originally transcribed or translated from" style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><i>sic</i></span>]</sup></small> want to see.</a> </p> </blockquote> <p>The font of the "Chemtrail" text is Verdana, which is freely available and different from the other font shown in the rest of the text. As for the labels being off, this labeled image should show what's wrong: </p> <div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ThisIsYourCaptainChemtrailing2.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/w/images/thumb/a/aa/ThisIsYourCaptainChemtrailing2.jpg/300px-ThisIsYourCaptainChemtrailing2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="285" class="thumbimage" srcset="/w/images/thumb/a/aa/ThisIsYourCaptainChemtrailing2.jpg/450px-ThisIsYourCaptainChemtrailing2.jpg 1.5x, /w/images/a/aa/ThisIsYourCaptainChemtrailing2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="494" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:ThisIsYourCaptainChemtrailing2.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>This photo illustrates the off-perspective of the "Chemtrail" text.</div></div></div></div> <p>If the text were supposedly viewed upright, the "Chemtrail" text would tilt to the right. In other words, the text is inconsistent with the other text in the image, thus showing a red flag of photo manipulation. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Things_that_scare_Chemtrail_cranks">Things that scare Chemtrail cranks</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Things that scare Chemtrail cranks">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cessna_210_Hagelflieger_Detail.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cessna_210_Hagelflieger_Detail.jpg/250px-Cessna_210_Hagelflieger_Detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cessna_210_Hagelflieger_Detail.jpg/375px-Cessna_210_Hagelflieger_Detail.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cessna_210_Hagelflieger_Detail.jpg/500px-Cessna_210_Hagelflieger_Detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2605" data-file-height="1954" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Cessna_210_Hagelflieger_Detail.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Silver iodide generator on a Cessna 210</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rainbow_chemtrails.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/w/images/thumb/f/f4/Rainbow_chemtrails.jpg/250px-Rainbow_chemtrails.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="thumbimage" srcset="/w/images/thumb/f/f4/Rainbow_chemtrails.jpg/375px-Rainbow_chemtrails.jpg 1.5x, /w/images/f/f4/Rainbow_chemtrails.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Rainbow_chemtrails.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Or it could be social engineering. How many people became <a href="/wiki/Gay" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay">gay</a> due to this experiment?</div></div></div> <p>Some processes that most resemble the idea of chemtrails includes crop dusting, cloud seeding, and sky writing. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cloud_seeding">Cloud seeding</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cloud seeding">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>One of the real-life process most closely comparable to the idea of chemtrails is probably <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cloud_seeding" class="extiw" title="wp:cloud seeding" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: cloud seeding">cloud seeding</span></a>,<sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> the attempt to influence the weather by spreading fine particles (usually <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/silver_iodide" class="extiw" title="wp:silver iodide" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: silver iodide">silver iodide</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dry_ice" class="extiw" title="wp:dry ice" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: dry ice">dry ice</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>) high above ground to serve as precipitation nuclei (i.e. to turn atmospheric moisture into rain). This is usually done either to cause rain to fall on a desirable location, or to stop rain or hail from falling on an undesirable location. Cloud seeding operations use specially modified aircraft, usually relatively small, not the commercial airliners that are featured in most chemtrail claims. Occasionally, pictures of aircraft equipped with cloud seeding equipment are presented on chemtrail websites as "proof". </p><p>Conspiracy theorists decided to start spreading around the rumor that cloud seeding was actually spraying of chemtrails.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[48]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[49]</a></sup> </p><p>Not only that, but apparently… Pilots admit it.<sup id="cite_ref-iodide_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iodide-61">[50]</a></sup> And of course, Chemtrail idiots repost the same video over and over<sup id="cite_ref-secret_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-secret-62">[51]</a></sup> saying <a href="/wiki/Law_of_exclamation#Law_of_Exclamation" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of exclamation">I SECRETLY RECORD A CHEMTRAIL PILOT! THEY'RE SPRAYING SILVER IODIDE. IT IS TOXIC!</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[52]</a></sup> there are many, MANY reposts of this video:<sup id="cite_ref-secret_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-secret-62">[51]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iodide_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iodide-61">[50]</a></sup> usually with a false explanation of what silver iodide is.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[note 12]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Crop_dusting">Crop dusting</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Crop dusting">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Another process that has the idea of plane dispersing chemicals is the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/aerial_application" class="extiw" title="wp:aerial application" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: aerial application">aerial application</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> of crop care products such as fertilizers and herbicides on crop fields. Like cloud seeding, this is usually done by purpose-built or specially modified small aircraft, with the major difference that they only fly at low altitudes to make sure that the stuff lands in the right place. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sky_writing_and_other_aerial_smoke_displays">Sky writing and other aerial smoke displays</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sky writing and other aerial smoke displays">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:167px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Smiley_face_written_in_the_sky_during_the_inauguration_of_Governor_Bob_Martinez_(3328074451).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Smiley_face_written_in_the_sky_during_the_inauguration_of_Governor_Bob_Martinez_%283328074451%29.jpg/165px-Smiley_face_written_in_the_sky_during_the_inauguration_of_Governor_Bob_Martinez_%283328074451%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="111" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Smiley_face_written_in_the_sky_during_the_inauguration_of_Governor_Bob_Martinez_%283328074451%29.jpg/248px-Smiley_face_written_in_the_sky_during_the_inauguration_of_Governor_Bob_Martinez_%283328074451%29.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Smiley_face_written_in_the_sky_during_the_inauguration_of_Governor_Bob_Martinez_%283328074451%29.jpg/330px-Smiley_face_written_in_the_sky_during_the_inauguration_of_Governor_Bob_Martinez_%283328074451%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="405" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Smiley_face_written_in_the_sky_during_the_inauguration_of_Governor_Bob_Martinez_(3328074451).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><center>😀</center></div></div></div> <p>Smoke generated for use in sky writing and acrobatic aerial displays typically consists of a low viscosity oil atomized and sprayed at high pressure over an airplane's hot exhaust or from specialized dispensers, resulting in a persistent smoke trail that can be formed into writing and displays by the pilot. The oil smoke's quick diffusion along with the relative paucity of sky writing and aerial acrobatic displays means that neither could possibly contribute to any of the ills typically attributed to the chemtrail conspiracy. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York">New York</a>, a plane wrote "Last Chance" in the sky.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[57]</a></sup> Chemtrailers say this was the pilot sending a message of some sort, but this has been explained as a message related to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Recession">financial downturn of the late 2000s</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[58]</a></sup> </p><p>To this day, there are videos on <a href="/wiki/Youtube" class="mw-redirect" title="Youtube">Youtube</a> with ridiculous titles like "Chemtrail Pilot Mocks me with his sky writing".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[59]</a></sup> However, this is assuming Chemtrails <i>exists</i>. Normal contrails can last long enough to create messages in the sky too. This has been demonstrated over Washington state by a rather precocious F/A-18 pilot.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[60]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Discussion_tropes">Discussion tropes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Discussion tropes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li>People who disbelieve in chemtrails "with so much overwhelming evidence" are <a href="/wiki/Sheeple" title="Sheeple">sheeple</a>.</li> <li>The "overwhelming evidence" will be skimpy indeed.</li> <li>"In the 1970s contrails lasted only a few minutes" (this is incorrect).</li> <li>Links to <i>YouTube</i> videos where the uploader removes rebuttals against the cranks, followed by photoshopped videos of "chemtrail vents" on commercial airplanes.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NaturalNews" title="NaturalNews">NaturalNews</a></i> claims that chemtrails, unlike contrails, "linger for hours or whole days." Furthermore, while contrails "are very white and somewhat thinly textured," chemtrails "tend to be thicker and wider than contrails, and their white plumes can be tainted with slight discolorations."<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[61]</a></sup> Both claims are incorrect. According to another source with similar claims, contrails will go away after a few seconds while chemtrails do not.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[62]</a></sup></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Fighting_the_good_fight">Fighting the good fight</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Fighting the good fight">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilots_protest_2011_photoshop.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/w/images/thumb/1/16/Pilots_protest_2011_photoshop.jpg/250px-Pilots_protest_2011_photoshop.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="193" class="thumbimage" srcset="/w/images/thumb/1/16/Pilots_protest_2011_photoshop.jpg/375px-Pilots_protest_2011_photoshop.jpg 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/1/16/Pilots_protest_2011_photoshop.jpg/500px-Pilots_protest_2011_photoshop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="389" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilots_protest_2011_photoshop.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Oh my God! Even the pilots want the nightmare to end!</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilots_protest_2011_real.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/w/images/thumb/f/f6/Pilots_protest_2011_real.jpg/250px-Pilots_protest_2011_real.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="thumbimage" srcset="/w/images/thumb/f/f6/Pilots_protest_2011_real.jpg/375px-Pilots_protest_2011_real.jpg 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/f/f6/Pilots_protest_2011_real.jpg/500px-Pilots_protest_2011_real.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilots_protest_2011_real.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Indeed, yes they do.</div></div></div> <p>Formerly noted among chemtrail promoters was Rosalie Bertell (1929-2012), an environmental health scientist noted for her work in the field of <a href="/wiki/Ionizing_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionizing radiation">ionizing radiation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[63]</a></sup> She later went off the rails of environmental health warnings and trainwrecked into <a href="/wiki/9-11_conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="9-11 conspiracy theories">Trutherism</a> and chemtrail conspiracy theory promotion.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[64]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[65]</a></sup> Unfortunately, she passed away before she could come to her senses.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[66]</a></sup> </p><p>Websites devoted to raising awareness of chemtrails have failed to ignite the indignation of the masses to the extent that the chemtrails have stopped. So (in typical Grand Conspiracy fashion) the chemtrail believers claim that the powers that be, rather than revealing their evil purpose by overtly suppressing this knowledge, are covertly suppressing it by recruiting their agents in science and the media to ridicule it as bizarre, kooky, and unbelievable. </p><p>Since awareness-raising efforts have so far proven ineffective, the pseudoscientific practice of <a href="/wiki/Cloudbusting" title="Cloudbusting">cloudbusting</a> using <a href="/wiki/Orgone_energy" title="Orgone energy">orgone energy</a> has now been brought to bear on the problem of chemtrails.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[67]</a></sup> </p><p>The best way to promote the cause, of course, is to invoke the admirable hundreds of professional pilots who are forced to release these chemicals into our atmosphere under threat of death. Or not. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Our_sylph_allies">Our sylph allies</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Our sylph allies">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Cloudbusting warriors at the (in)famous <a href="/wiki/Whale.to" title="Whale.to">Whale.to</a> have been pleased to learn that they do not fight the evil government chemtrails alone. They have allies in the clouds! These nebulous allies, the sylphs,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[68]</a></sup> help eat up the poisonous "chemsoup", especially when boosted by <a href="/wiki/Orgone" class="mw-redirect" title="Orgone">orgone</a> energy sent up from cloudbusters.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[note 13]</a></sup> You also can observe a sylph in action.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[69]</a></sup> Please note <i>exactly</i> how distinguishable the majestic sylph is from, say, a normal wispy cloud (see <a href="/wiki/Pareidolia" title="Pareidolia">Pareidolia</a>). </p> <div style="clear:both"></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Gallery">Gallery</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:33px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:World_first_crop_duster_aircraft.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/World_first_crop_duster_aircraft.jpg/120px-World_first_crop_duster_aircraft.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/World_first_crop_duster_aircraft.jpg/180px-World_first_crop_duster_aircraft.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/World_first_crop_duster_aircraft.jpg/240px-World_first_crop_duster_aircraft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="755" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>World's first crop dusting experiment (August 3<sup>rd</sup> 1921, Troy, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>) </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:34.5px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:CROP_DUSTER_PLANE_OVER_IMPERIAL_VALLEY_FARMS_-_NARA_-_548883.tif" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CROP_DUSTER_PLANE_OVER_IMPERIAL_VALLEY_FARMS_-_NARA_-_548883.tif/lossy-page1-120px-CROP_DUSTER_PLANE_OVER_IMPERIAL_VALLEY_FARMS_-_NARA_-_548883.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CROP_DUSTER_PLANE_OVER_IMPERIAL_VALLEY_FARMS_-_NARA_-_548883.tif/lossy-page1-180px-CROP_DUSTER_PLANE_OVER_IMPERIAL_VALLEY_FARMS_-_NARA_-_548883.tif.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CROP_DUSTER_PLANE_OVER_IMPERIAL_VALLEY_FARMS_-_NARA_-_548883.tif/lossy-page1-240px-CROP_DUSTER_PLANE_OVER_IMPERIAL_VALLEY_FARMS_-_NARA_-_548883.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2023" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Crop duster, Imperial Valley, <a href="/wiki/California" class="mw-redirect" title="California">California</a> </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cropduster_spraying_pesticides_(edited).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cropduster_spraying_pesticides_%28edited%29.jpg/81px-Cropduster_spraying_pesticides_%28edited%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cropduster_spraying_pesticides_%28edited%29.jpg/122px-Cropduster_spraying_pesticides_%28edited%29.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Cropduster_spraying_pesticides_%28edited%29.jpg/162px-Cropduster_spraying_pesticides_%28edited%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="640" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Crop duster in California </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:32px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Angels_on_Delta_Formation.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Blue_Angels_on_Delta_Formation.jpg/120px-Blue_Angels_on_Delta_Formation.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Blue_Angels_on_Delta_Formation.jpg/180px-Blue_Angels_on_Delta_Formation.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Blue_Angels_on_Delta_Formation.jpg/240px-Blue_Angels_on_Delta_Formation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Blue Angels (US Navy) in 2007 </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:35px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_angels_diamond_2.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Blue_angels_diamond_2.jpg/120px-Blue_angels_diamond_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Blue_angels_diamond_2.jpg/180px-Blue_angels_diamond_2.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Blue_angels_diamond_2.jpg/240px-Blue_angels_diamond_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Blue Angels in 2007 </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:35px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilatus_NCPC-7_-_PC-7_Team_-_Royal_International_Air_Tattoo_2015_(19762951218).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Pilatus_NCPC-7_-_PC-7_Team_-_Royal_International_Air_Tattoo_2015_%2819762951218%29.jpg/120px-Pilatus_NCPC-7_-_PC-7_Team_-_Royal_International_Air_Tattoo_2015_%2819762951218%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Pilatus_NCPC-7_-_PC-7_Team_-_Royal_International_Air_Tattoo_2015_%2819762951218%29.jpg/180px-Pilatus_NCPC-7_-_PC-7_Team_-_Royal_International_Air_Tattoo_2015_%2819762951218%29.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Pilatus_NCPC-7_-_PC-7_Team_-_Royal_International_Air_Tattoo_2015_%2819762951218%29.jpg/240px-Pilatus_NCPC-7_-_PC-7_Team_-_Royal_International_Air_Tattoo_2015_%2819762951218%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>PC-7 Team acrobatic team in 2015 </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:35px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_737-5Q8,_AeroSvit_Ukrainian_Airlines_AN1916513.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Boeing_737-5Q8%2C_AeroSvit_Ukrainian_Airlines_AN1916513.jpg/120px-Boeing_737-5Q8%2C_AeroSvit_Ukrainian_Airlines_AN1916513.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Boeing_737-5Q8%2C_AeroSvit_Ukrainian_Airlines_AN1916513.jpg/180px-Boeing_737-5Q8%2C_AeroSvit_Ukrainian_Airlines_AN1916513.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Boeing_737-5Q8%2C_AeroSvit_Ukrainian_Airlines_AN1916513.jpg/240px-Boeing_737-5Q8%2C_AeroSvit_Ukrainian_Airlines_AN1916513.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Boeing 737 in 2011, with contrails </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:36px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:NB-36H_producing_contrails_in_flight.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/NB-36H_producing_contrails_in_flight.jpg/120px-NB-36H_producing_contrails_in_flight.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/NB-36H_producing_contrails_in_flight.jpg/180px-NB-36H_producing_contrails_in_flight.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/NB-36H_producing_contrails_in_flight.jpg/240px-NB-36H_producing_contrails_in_flight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1163" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>NB-36H producing contrails in flight </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:27.5px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Contrails_nasa2004October13.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Contrails_nasa2004October13.jpg/120px-Contrails_nasa2004October13.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Contrails_nasa2004October13.jpg/180px-Contrails_nasa2004October13.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Contrails_nasa2004October13.jpg/240px-Contrails_nasa2004October13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="947" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Satellite view of contrails over southeastern United States </p> </div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"><div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Contrail_1921.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Contrail_1921.jpg/107px-Contrail_1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Contrail_1921.jpg/160px-Contrail_1921.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Contrail_1921.jpg/214px-Contrail_1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="653" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>One of the first known reports of a contrail in July 1921<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[70]</a></sup> </p> </div> </div></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Report_from_Iron_Mountain" title="Report from Iron Mountain">Report from Iron Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Useless_eaters" class="mw-redirect" title="Useless eaters">Useless eaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgellons" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgellons">Morgellons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Martin" title="Kevin Martin">Kevin Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemophobia" title="Chemophobia">Chemophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Individuals" title="Targeted Individuals">Targeted Individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Helicopters" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Helicopters">Black Helicopters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_cider_vinegar" title="Apple cider vinegar">Apple cider vinegar</a> — a fruitier use of vinegar</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="In_a_nutshell">In a nutshell</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: In a nutshell">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <center><div class="thumb embedvideo autoResize" style="width: 648px;"><div class="embedvideo autoResize" style=""><div class="embedvideowrap" style="width: 640px;"><iframe title="Play video" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/m5W6APS7D1o?" width="640" height="360" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="true"></iframe></div></div></div></center> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skepdic.com/chemtrails.html">Chemtrails entry</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic%27s_Dictionary" title="The Skeptic's Dictionary">The Skeptic's Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contrailscience.com/">Contrail Science</a>, a (now abandoned) blog debunking many specific reports of chemtrails.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metabunk.org/forums/contrails-and-chemtrails.9/">Contrails and Chemtrails</a>, the new version of Contrail Science at <a href="/wiki/Metabunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabunk">Metabunk</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psiram.com/en/index.php/Chemtrail">Chemtrail entry</a> in <a href="/wiki/Psiram" title="Psiram">Psiram</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csicop.org/si/show/curious_contrails_death_from_the_sky/">Curious Contrails: Death from the Sky?</a>, Ben Radford, <a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a>, Volume 33.2 (March/April 2009)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://liberaldarkness.com/2015/08/01/fire-ants-are-being-laced-with-homosexual-chemtrails-to-bite-christians-and-convert-them-to-homosexuality/">Fire Ants Are Being Laced with Homosexual Chemtrails to Bite Christians And Convert Them To Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxMSoxzYhG8">A documentary video showing a stripped-down 787, including water ballast tanks</a> — The comments section includes plenty of chemtrail cranks. This has been debunked by <a href="/wiki/Mick_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Mick West">Mick West</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metabunk.org/threads/debunked-chemtrail-plane-interior-ballast-barrels.661/">here</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pCGMzGen-s">inFact: Chemtrails</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both"></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Which are not to be confused with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrail" class="extiw" title="wp:Contrail" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Contrail">contrails</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> ("condensation trails") — the long, thin clouds of condensation left behind by flying <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a>, usually caused by the hot airplane engines flying in comparatively cold air. The adherents of the chemtrail conspiracy, however, argue that precisely these otherwise innocent looking contrails are in fact "chemtrails" — which are, in turn, the subject of this article.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The word "contrail" is short for "condensation trail". This is something of a misnomer. Condensation is the process of going from vapor to liquid. In a contrail, instead of condensing, the water vapor freezes into ice. It should really be called a "freeze trail".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See images below for examples of crop dusters and acrobatic planes, possibly the closest things that reality has to chemtrails. These do not feature a gap as jets do.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">This stands out from the rest of the list by… not really being sinister at all. Unfortunately, it's almost as unrealistic as the rest of them — "almost" because plane-based <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/weather_modification" class="extiw" title="wp:weather modification" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: weather modification">weather modification</span></a><sup><img alt="Wikipedia" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> technology <i>does</i> exist, but it's not capable of magically neutralizing climate change. (As previously mentioned, real weather-control planes wouldn't have a gap between the plane and the "chemtrail".)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Note that Monsanto doesn't even exist anymore, having been bought out by Bayer in June 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i.ytimg.com/vi/fq9BdyqgO3Y/0.jpg">this particular example</a>, it's possible to see the volumetric shadow extend along the length of the contrail, slightly above it. From another angle, the effect would be to see the shadow grow larger and more apparent.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">No kidding. See the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemtrail">"Chemtrail" article</a> in the German language branch of Wikipedia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Have you <i>seen</i> the smoke suspiciously billowing out of cars!? That's a <i>lot</i> more easily inhaled by humans than plane contrails could <b>ever</b> be!</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Or, on a sadder note, when an airliner has an accident and its remains are scattered over a wide area, why there are no traces of the deposits with the… stuff used for chemtrailing, or the latter itself.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Admittedly, <a href="/wiki/One_world_government" title="One world government">this is not a huge leap for the conspiracy theory crowd to make</a>, which further exemplifies their delusions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Other cranks say that <a href="/wiki/Big_Pharma" title="Big Pharma">Big Pharma</a> is behind this, as people will have to buy their medicines to cure the effects of chemtrails. Never mind how especially nonsensical that idea is in countries with universal/public healthcare. (Not that American conservative cranks would <i>ever</i> entertain that as being feasible, despite all the evidence that it works wonderfully, because muh <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free markets</a>/<a href="/wiki/Red-baiting" title="Red-baiting">communist plots</a>.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Office of Environment, Health and Safety, UC Berkeley, rates silver iodide as a Class C, non soluble, inorganic, hazardous chemical that pollutes water and soil. It has been found to be highly toxic to fish, livestock, and humans. Numerous medical articles demonstrate that humans absorb silver iodide through the lungs, nose, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Mild toxicity can cause GI irritation, renal and pulmonary lesions, and mild argyria (blue or black discoloration of the skin). Severe toxicity can result in hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, shock, enlarged heart, severe argyria, and death by respiratory depression. <br /> Moreover, a key manufacturer of silver iodide for weather modification, Deepwater Chemicals, warns of potential health effects of silver iodide in their Material Safety Data Sheet as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[53]</a></sup> <br /> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span> <p>Chronic Exposure/Target Organs: Chronic ingestion of iodides may produce "iodism", which may be manifested by skin rash, running nose, headache and irritation of the mucous membranes. Weakness, anemia, loss of weight and general depression may also occur. Chronic inhalation or ingestion may cause argyria characterized by blue-gray discoloration of the eyes, skin and mucous membranes. Chronic skin contact may cause permanent discoloration of the skin. </p> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> Under the guidelines of the Clean Water Act by the EPA, silver iodide is considered a hazardous substance, a priority pollutant, and as a toxic pollutant. Some industries have learned this all too well… According to the PGCD [Texas Panhandle Groundwater Contamination District], "Every year, two viable samples of rainwater must be sent to a laboratory for analysis and in return forwarded to TNRCC [Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission] to ensure that the water is not contaminating the area."<sup id="cite_ref-micou_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-micou-65">[54]</a></sup> This is faulty sampling and testing over a seven county area. If PGCD can not control where the seeded clouds dumps water, how can they take only two rain samples per year to test for silver concentrates of the clouds they seeded? At least it is an admission that silver toxicity is an issue. Such misleading statements based on faulty data are not uncommon to the PGCD. In 2001, rainfall amounts were grossly over inflated in multiple rain gauges. Such overstatements are to prop up the benefits of their program while denying the adverse effects. <br /> To effectively monitor the levels of silver toxicity, at the very minimum, water samples should be taken on a monthly basis from every dam, creek, stock tank, and other water capture places in the respective district while cloud seeding is being conducted. Also, soil samples should taken. According to the Colorado National Park Service and the Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable, the result of cloud seeding with silver iodide and run off have adverse effects on the water, soil, and flora and fauna. "Elevated silver concentrations in biota occur in the vicinities of sewage outfalls, electroplating plants, mine waste sites, and silver iodide-seeded areas."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[55]</a></sup> In fact, in the 1980s the <a href="/wiki/CDC" class="mw-redirect" title="CDC">CDC</a> had hoped that silver toxicity would be reduced nationally based on a reduction of cloud seeding activity. "Fallout from cloud seeding with silver iodide is not always confined to local precipitation; silver residuals have been detected several hundred kilometers down wind of seeding events."<sup id="cite_ref-micou_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-micou-65">[54]</a></sup> <br /> "Anthropogenic sources associated with the elevated concentrations of silver in nonliving materials include smelting, hazardous waste sites, cloud seeding with silver iodide, metal mining, sewage outfalls, and especially the photoprocessing industry."<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[56]</a></sup> </p> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">In other news, there are still people who believe in <a href="/wiki/Orgone" class="mw-redirect" title="Orgone">orgone</a> energy and cloudbusters. You just can't keep a good <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a> down. Unfortunately.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemtrails&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:80%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skepdic.com/chemtrails.html">chemtrails (contrails)</a> <i>The Skeptic's Dictionary</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/weather/article3879866.ece">Weather Eye: contrail conspiracy: According to some theories, contrails that persist in the sky are chemical agents secretly sprayed into the sky by government agencies</a> by Paul Simons (September 27 2013, 1:01am <i>The Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.569.9411&rep=rep1&type=pdf">Influence of propulsion efficiency on contrail formation</a> Ulrich Schumann (2000) <i>Aerosp. Sci. Technol.</i> 4:391–401.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cuttingthroughthematrix.com/chemtrails.html">M.A.R.S. Attack — Something wicked this way comes. <b>M</b>ilitary <b>A</b>ircraft <b>R</b>aising <b>S</b>h--</a> <i>Cutting Through the Matrix with Alan Watt</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infowars.com/information-for-chemtrail-skeptics/">Information For Chemtrail Skeptics</a> (September 19, 2012) <i>InfoWars</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wnd.com/2016/04/sky-criminals/">Sky criminals</a> <i>WND - Sky Criminals by Chuck Norris</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.davidicke.com/article/197616/chemtrails-a-planetary-catastrophe-created-by-geo-engineering">Chemtrails: A Planetary Catastrophe Created by Geo-engineering</a> by David Icke (24 October 2013 GMT).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infowars.com/colossal-geoengineering-in-plain-sight/">Colossal GeoEngineering in Plain Sight</a> (November 13, 2011) <i>InfoWars</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2002/apr/21/uk.medicalscience">Millions were in germ war tests: Much of Britain was exposed to bacteria sprayed in secret trials</a> by Antony Barnett (Sunday 21 April 2002 05.23 EDT) <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acmedsci.ac.uk/viewFile/publicationDownloads/ZincCadm.pdf">Zinc Cadmium Sulphide Dispersion Trials: Report by the Academy of Medical Sciences to the Chief Scientific Adviser, Ministry of Defence on the Zinc Cadmium Sulphide dispersion trials undertaken in the United Kingdom between 1953 and 1964.</a> December 1999. The Academy of Medical Sciences (UK)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/1950-us-released-bioweapon-san-francisco-180955819/">In 1950, the U.S. Released a Bioweapon in San Francisco</a>. smithsonianmag.com, July, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mason Inman. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/10/101005-planes-pollution-deaths-science-environment/">Plane Exhaust Kills More People Than Plane Crashes</a>". <i>National Geographic News</i>, 2010-10-10. Accessed 2017-08-19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacopo Prisco. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/contrails-aviation-climate-change-satavia-scn-spc-intl/index.html">Contrails are a problem for aviation – but there could be an easy solution</a>". <i>CNN</i>, 2023-01-12. Accessed 2023-01-15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231020305689">The contribution of global aviation to anthropogenic climate forcing for 2000 to 2018</a> by D. S. Lee (2021) <i>Atmospheric Environment</i> 244:117834. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117834.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/26/jim-inhofe-climate-snow_n_6763868.html">Jim Inhofe Brings A Snowball To The Senate Floor To Prove Climate Change Is A ‘Hoax’</a> by Kate Sheppard (02/26/2015 05:23 pm ET | Updated Feb 27, 2015) <i>The Huffington Post</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/atmosphere/q0111.shtml">Which type of planes produce contrails? fighters? supersonic? or passenger planes?</a> Aerospaceweb.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/sgp/congress/2001/hr2977.html">Text of H.R. 2977</a> (October 2, 2001) U. S. House of Representatives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://io9.com/#!5761358/local-news-report-claims-the-government-is-controlling-weather-using-airplanes">CBS News video: Local news report claims the government is controlling weather using airplanes</a> by Cyriaque Lamar (2/15/11 5:16pm) <i>io9</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crazzfiles.com/covid-5g-chemtrail-syndrome/">Covid, naturally.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://action.responsibletechnology.org/o/6236/t/0/blastContent.jsp?email_blast_KEY=1215635">Join Jeffrey Smith and Tom Newmark for the Truth about GMOs California Tour in Southern California August 17-25<sup>th</sup>!</a> (2012) <i>Institute for Responsible Technology</i>. Anti-GMO activist Jeffrey Smith was a guest speaker at the 2012 Consciousness Beyond Chemtrails Conference.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109075940/https://www.carnicominstitute.org/articles/drought1.htm">[1]</a> by Clifford E. Carnicom (Apr 02 2002; Edited Apr 07 2002) <i>Carnicom Institute</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cloudbuster-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cloudbuster_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.relfe.com/07/chemtrails_contrails_what_are.html">What Are the Differences Between Chemtrails and Contrails?</a> by Michael & Stephanie Relfe</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1541830/?page=1">Functional heterogeneity in the process of T lymphocyte activation; barium blocks several modes of T cell activation, but spares a functionally unique subset of PHA-activable T cells</a> by L. T. Peçanha & G. A. Dos Reis (1989) <i>Clin. Exp. Immunol.</i> 76(2):311–316. All modes of T-cell activation, except PHA-induced mitogenesis, were blocked in a reversible and dose-related manner by Ba<sup>2+</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rense.com/general29/bar.htm">Barium, Chemtrails & Immunosuppression</a>, Bob Lee, <a href="/wiki/Rense.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Rense.com">Rense.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oVnuFY20st0">How to tell if you believe in bullshit</a> by Maddox (Feb 12, 2016) <i>YouTube</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contrailscience.com/contrail-or-chemtrail/">"Chemtrail" Aircraft Photos</a> <i>Contrail Science</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metabunk.org/debunked-chemtrail-plane-interior-ballast-barrels.t661/">Debunked: Chemtrail Plane Interior (Ballast Barrels)</a> by Mick West (Jul 20, 2012) <i>Metabunk</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boeing.com/Features/2010/08/bca_inside_787_08_09_10.html">Boeing.com — 787 Dreamliner testing</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-contrailscience-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-contrailscience_34-0">29.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-contrailscience_34-1">29.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contrailscience.com/contrails-dark-lines-chemtrails/">Contrail science — Contrails, Dark Lines, Black Beams, & “Chemtrails”</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoptics.co.uk/atoptics/contr2.htm">Atmospheric Optics - Contrail Shadows</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=10&month=09&year=2010">Space Weather Archive — Tricky Shadows</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epod.usra.edu/blog/2006/11/triple-cloud-shadow.html">Triple cloud shadow</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaPqCMIuEk4">Chemtrail Proof — German Military Exposed.</a>, Epiphany 7 Productions, uploaded December 17, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=syvQkviPdDE">HAARP Chemtrail Whistleblower Pilot Exposes Video Truth Evidence</a> by Libby Lagadi (Sep 18, 2011) <i>YouTube</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contrailscience.com/fake-hoax-chemtrail-videos/">Fake, Hoax, Chemtrail Videos</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ly2Esk8XSRQ">Scientific analysis of chemtrails on doppler radar rules out contrails </a> by GoodpixelProductions (Jun 26, 2013) <i>YouTube</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_radar" class="extiw" title="wp:Doppler radar" rel="nofollow">Doppler radar</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCohucT7FmQ">Chemtrails connected to UN 2013 Report? 'Earth is in the midst of a Mass Extinction of Life'</a> by EX0MATRlXTV (Mar 7, 2013) <i>YouTube</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/mar/24/us-scientists-launch-worlds-biggest-solar-geoengineering-study">US scientists launch world's biggest solar geoengineering study: Research programme will send aerosol injections into the earth’s upper atmosphere to study the risks and benefits of a future solar tech-fix for climate change</a> by Arthur Neslen (24 Mar 2017 08.39 EDT; Last modified on Fri 21 Dec 2018 10.15 EST) <i>The Guardian</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100224015456/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2010/02/smattering-of-activists-protest.html">Smattering of Activists Protest Geoengineering, 'Chemtrails'</a> by Eli Kintisch (February 20, 2010 6:37 PM) <i>Science</i> (archived from February 24, 2010).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4P7Kr17RX8">HAARP Engineering 'FRANKENSTORM' Hurricane Sandy — CAUGHT on SATELLITE and RADAR!!!</a> by RevMichelleHopkinsMann (Oct 27, 2012) <i>YouTube</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7y-lAU4nUmY">Alien Orbs makes Black Trails * Evil Humans + Reptilian Aliens = Poisoned Chemtrails Sky</a> by Conspiratruth (May 7, 2015) <i>YouTube</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3372899/Flying-high-Stunning-remote-control-plane-measures-17-8-feet-weighs-150-pounds.html">Flying high! Stunning remote control plane that is an EXACT replica of a Virgin 747</a> by Zoe Szathmary (01:16 EDT, 24 December 2015 | Updated: 04:37 EDT, 24 December 2015) <i>The Daily Mail</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6Y1Ctyi6ao">Chemtrails Analyzed With Land Based Spectrometer</a> by islandonlinenews (Jul 11, 2010) <i>YouTube</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YsdeAF_Prfo">Ron Paul Supporters Spray Vinegar at the Sky to "Kill" Chemtrails!</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imgur.com/gallery/gy2X7">Chemtrail Switch is Not</a> by psuedon (Dec 13 2015) <i>imgur</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eagle.alpa.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=g1B63UbM60U%3D">Embraer E145 Cockpit Panels</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lF45BLAJw5Q">Woodley Chemtrails 25 March 2012 — The Illuminati Version</a> by ReinhardvonHolst (Mar 25, 2012) <i>YouTube</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uu4jjDpl5O4">WTF?! CLOUDS SEEDING! CHEMTRAILS 26.11.2013 part 1</a> by Oldřich Vencl (Nov 26, 2013) <i>YouTube</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iodide-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iodide_61-0">50.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iodide_61-1">50.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=silver+iodide+chemtrails&client=firefox-a&hs=pky&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&channel=sb&source=lnms&tbm=vid&sa=X&ei=llJFVKK7BeGWigKWy4H4DA&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAg">Google search of "silver iodide chemtrails"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-secret-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-secret_62-0">51.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-secret_62-1">51.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=silver+iodide+chemtrails&client=firefox-a&hs=pky&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&channel=sb&source=lnms&tbm=vid&sa=X&ei=llJFVKK7BeGWigKWy4H4DA&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAg#rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&channel=sb&tbm=vid&q=I+SECRETLY+RECORD+A+CHEMTRAIL+PILOT!">Google search of "I Secretly Record A Chemtrail Pilot!"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5f8WNdL95jY">I SECRETLY RECORD A CHEMTRAIL PILOT! HE ADMITS SPRAYING SILVER IODIDE! IT IS TOXIC!</a> by DBickford Bickford (Aug 27, 2012) <i>YouTube</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deepwaterchemicals.com/sites/deepwaterchemicals/uploads/documents/GHS_SDS/107.04_GHS.pdf">107.04 Silver Iodide</a> Deepwater Chemicals</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-micou-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-micou_65-0">54.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-micou_65-1">54.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amarillo.com/stories/010503/opi_micou.shtml">Cloud seeding doesn't work</a> by Johnny Micou (January 05, 2003) <i>Amarillo Globe-News</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_32_Silver.pdf">Silver Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review</a> by R. Eisler (1996). Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 32 ; Biological Report 32. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, National Biological Service.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/cicads/cicads/cicad44.htm">Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 44. Silver and Silver Compounds: Environmental Aspects</a> by P. D. Howe & S. Dobson (2002). IPCS INCHEM.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCIDW7_Q8Wc">Chemtrail Pilot Clearly Mocks Us With His Skywriting</a> by ChaotinChrissi (Sep 23, 2011) <i>YouTube</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thestir.cafemom.com/in_the_news/127136/explanantion_behind_last_chance_message">Explanation Behind 'Last Chance' Message in New York Sky Is Bizarre</a> by Jill Baughman (October 10, 2011 at 2:09 PM) <i>Cafe Mom</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0k7PtRlMuz0">CHEMTRAIL PILOT WRITES "LAST CHANCE" WITH HIS JET…</a> by TRUTH TV (May 14, 2013) <i>YouTube</i> (archived from June 15, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/nov/18/penis-in-the-sky-us-navy-pilots-grounded-over-obscene-drawing">Penis in the sky: US navy pilots grounded over 'obscene' stunt: Navy not amused after electronic warfare plane created sky writings in the shape of male genitals over Washington state</a> (17 Nov 2017 20.19 EST) <i>The Guardian</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturalnews.com/035269_chemtrails_asthma_health_effects.html">Denying chemtrails is dangerous for your health</a> by Paul Fassa (March 17, 2012) <i>Natural News</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyyTqNBFImk">The ultimate proof of Chemtrails</a> by overunitydotcom (Apr 24, 2010) <i>YouTube</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/2012/6/21/headlines/anti_nuclear_nun_rosalie_bertell_dies_at_83">"Anti-Nuclear Nun" Rosalie Bertell Dies at 83</a> (Jun 21, 2012) <i>Democracy Now!</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rbertel">Chemtrails</a> Rosalie Bertell (archive.org).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aus911truth.blogspot.com/2010/04/sr-rosalie-bertell-phd-warns-about.html">Sr. Rosalie Bertell, PhD warns about chemtrails(2 videos) </a> (April 20, 2010) <i>9/11 Truth Australia</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalresearch.ca/remembering-rosalie-bertell/31448">Remembering Rosalie Bertell</a> by Ilya Sandra Perlingieri (June 15, 2012) <i>Global Research</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orgoneblasters.com/">Orgoneblasters</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191112213910/http://www.whale.to/b/sylphs_h.html">Sylphs</a> <i>Whale.to</i> (archived from November 12, 2019).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914144923/http://www.whale.to/b/sylph_in_action.html">Sylph In Action</a> (31 July 2008) <i>whale.to</i> (archived from September 14, 2018).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Cloud Formation from Supercharged Plane" (July 1921) <i>Monthly Weather Review</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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