CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Marine Mammal Science Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="7ovfC4FSDpMO65RE9UHpqGfVwtXntTvjhfRW5po1EgxAHAMwZt_Z69Hmp-O9qXXo9_gbnAs76mPa8u0d-ZwSRg" /> <link href="/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?after=50%2C17220601" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Marine Mammal Science Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '107520bac59918e2ceae62eaadd15bff3d1e7904'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":13997,"monthly_visitors":"111 million","monthly_visitor_count":111000788,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":111,"user_count":284044214,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740925903000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740925903000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-1eb081e01ca8bc0c1b1d866df79d9eb4dd2c484e4beecf76e79a7806c72fee08.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-a7f06b7b91deb14294c0fd04acc3d1303a356edfef84048171548420b79efa13.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-caa56a0f54c25da9fc0ce496a02fe99f5ff17476fd61737267d5dfef010828de.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Marine Mammal Science</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">1,119 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Marine Mammal Science</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Marine_Mammal_Science">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50632202" data-work_id="50632202" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50632202/Sex_Identification_of_Long_Finned_Pilot_Whale_Fetuses_Off_the_Faroe_Islands">Sex Identification of Long-Finned Pilot Whale Fetuses Off the Faroe Islands</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50632202" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4fa469b0cad5be584a530c05521a9869" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68541697,"asset_id":50632202,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68541697/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34979387" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GDesportes">Geneviève Desportes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34979387" type="text/json">{"id":34979387,"first_name":"Geneviève","last_name":"Desportes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GDesportes","display_name":"Geneviève Desportes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GDesportes?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50632202 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50632202"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50632202, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50632202", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50632202 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50632202; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50632202"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50632202 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50632202"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50632202; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50632202]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50632202").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50632202").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50632202"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50632202]'), work: {"id":50632202,"title":"Sex Identification of Long-Finned Pilot Whale Fetuses Off the Faroe Islands","created_at":"2021-08-03T04:14:16.309-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50632202/Sex_Identification_of_Long_Finned_Pilot_Whale_Fetuses_Off_the_Faroe_Islands?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_50632202","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68541697,"asset_id":50632202,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34979387,"first_name":"Geneviève","last_name":"Desportes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GDesportes","display_name":"Geneviève Desportes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GDesportes?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48557169" data-work_id="48557169" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48557169/Spring_Haul_Out_Behavior_of_Ringed_Seals_Pusa_Hispida_in_Kongsfjorden_Svalbard">Spring Haul-Out Behavior of Ringed Seals (Pusa Hispida) in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Haul-out behavior of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) was investigated during the spring molting period of 2003 (May-July) in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway. Hourly counts were conducted on the land-fast ice in six spatially defined sectors in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48557169" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Haul-out behavior of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) was investigated during the spring molting period of 2003 (May-July) in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway. Hourly counts were conducted on the land-fast ice in six spatially defined sectors in the inner fjord, from an elevated land-based vantage point from early May through until the ice began to break up in June, from 0600 to 2200 daily (total counts n = 478). Concomitantly, measurements were made of a variety of weather parameters. Multiple regression analyses revealed that time of day (P < 0.001) and date (P < 0.001) significantly affected the number of ringed seals hauled out on the ice surface. Other factors influencing the number of seals counted on the ice were air temperature (P = 0.011) and wind speed (P < 0.001). Daily peaks occurred in the early afternoon between 1300 and 1400 and the seasonal high (n = 385) was registered during the first week in June, after which the number of seals on the ice in the fjord declined. In addition to the visual counts, 24 ringed seals were equipped with VHF transmitters, and the haul-out behavior of individuals was monitored from May through July via an automatic recording station. The VHF-tagged seals exhibited the same diurnal pattern seen in the total counts, with haul-out most frequent from 1300 to 1400. Pups exhibited short and frequent haul-outs, whereas longer haul-out periods were seen in the older age classes; adult females had the greatest number of haul-out periods that exceeded 24 h. The seasonal peak of haul-out for the tagged seals preceded the peak seasonal counts by approximately 3 wk. This may reflect significant out-and influx of seals from and to the area, a phenomenon warranting further attention because of its implications for assessment studies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48557169" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d11effe476cc7a6074aa6a73ee3e1358" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67107364,"asset_id":48557169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67107364/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44512477" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BjornKrafft">Bjorn Krafft</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44512477" type="text/json">{"id":44512477,"first_name":"Bjorn","last_name":"Krafft","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BjornKrafft","display_name":"Bjorn Krafft","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BjornKrafft?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48557169 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48557169"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48557169, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48557169", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48557169 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48557169; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48557169"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48557169 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48557169"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48557169; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48557169]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48557169").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48557169").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48557169"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="726208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal">Marine Mammal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="726208" type="text/json">{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48557169]'), work: {"id":48557169,"title":"Spring Haul-Out Behavior of Ringed Seals (Pusa Hispida) in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard","created_at":"2021-05-04T23:09:04.263-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48557169/Spring_Haul_Out_Behavior_of_Ringed_Seals_Pusa_Hispida_in_Kongsfjorden_Svalbard?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_48557169","summary":"Haul-out behavior of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) was investigated during the spring molting period of 2003 (May-July) in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway. Hourly counts were conducted on the land-fast ice in six spatially defined sectors in the inner fjord, from an elevated land-based vantage point from early May through until the ice began to break up in June, from 0600 to 2200 daily (total counts n = 478). Concomitantly, measurements were made of a variety of weather parameters. Multiple regression analyses revealed that time of day (P \u003c 0.001) and date (P \u003c 0.001) significantly affected the number of ringed seals hauled out on the ice surface. Other factors influencing the number of seals counted on the ice were air temperature (P = 0.011) and wind speed (P \u003c 0.001). Daily peaks occurred in the early afternoon between 1300 and 1400 and the seasonal high (n = 385) was registered during the first week in June, after which the number of seals on the ice in the fjord declined. In addition to the visual counts, 24 ringed seals were equipped with VHF transmitters, and the haul-out behavior of individuals was monitored from May through July via an automatic recording station. The VHF-tagged seals exhibited the same diurnal pattern seen in the total counts, with haul-out most frequent from 1300 to 1400. Pups exhibited short and frequent haul-outs, whereas longer haul-out periods were seen in the older age classes; adult females had the greatest number of haul-out periods that exceeded 24 h. The seasonal peak of haul-out for the tagged seals preceded the peak seasonal counts by approximately 3 wk. This may reflect significant out-and influx of seals from and to the area, a phenomenon warranting further attention because of its implications for assessment studies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67107364,"asset_id":48557169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44512477,"first_name":"Bjorn","last_name":"Krafft","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BjornKrafft","display_name":"Bjorn Krafft","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BjornKrafft?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28362836" data-work_id="28362836" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28362836/Thermal_Function_of_Phocid_Seal_Fur">Thermal Function of Phocid Seal Fur</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In phocid seals, blubber serves as the main thermal insulation instead of fur. The thermal function of fur, at least in adult phocid seals, has therefore been questioned. We measured the relative contribution of fur to the combined... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28362836" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In phocid seals, blubber serves as the main thermal insulation instead of fur. The thermal function of fur, at least in adult phocid seals, has therefore been questioned. We measured the relative contribution of fur to the combined thermal resistance (insulation) offered by blubber, skin, and fur in newborn and adult harp (Pagophilus gvoenlandiczls) and hooded (Cystophora cristutu) seals, in air and water, to elucidate the role of fur as insulation in phocid seals. In air the fur contributed 70% of the combined thermal resistance of blubber, skin, and fur in newborn harp seal pups and 27% in adults, whereas in hooded seals the fur contributed 73% in newborn pups and 34% in adults. When submerged the thermal resistance of the fur was reduced by 84%-92%, and contributed 65% to the total insulation in newborn harp seal pups and 3% in adults, and 26% in newborn hooded seal pups and 5% in adults. We conclude that in air the fur of phocid seals makes an important contribution to the insulation of pups, and also contributes considerably to the insulation of adult animals. In water, even though the thermal resistance of the fur is dramatically reduced, the fur still contributes substantially to the insulation of pups, but its contribution in adults is negligible.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28362836" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9f453ceed6bbb8a98cf8e879f5333ab7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48696907,"asset_id":28362836,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48696907/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53127236" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PetterKvadsheim">Petter Kvadsheim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53127236" type="text/json">{"id":53127236,"first_name":"Petter","last_name":"Kvadsheim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PetterKvadsheim","display_name":"Petter Kvadsheim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PetterKvadsheim?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28362836 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28362836"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28362836, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28362836", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28362836 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28362836; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28362836"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28362836 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28362836"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28362836; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28362836]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28362836").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28362836").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28362836"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1389" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermoregulation">Thermoregulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1389" type="text/json">{"id":1389,"name":"Thermoregulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermoregulation?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52489" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adipose_tissue">Adipose tissue</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52489" type="text/json">{"id":52489,"name":"Adipose tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adipose_tissue?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28362836]'), work: {"id":28362836,"title":"Thermal Function of Phocid Seal Fur","created_at":"2016-09-09T03:00:32.355-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28362836/Thermal_Function_of_Phocid_Seal_Fur?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_28362836","summary":"In phocid seals, blubber serves as the main thermal insulation instead of fur. The thermal function of fur, at least in adult phocid seals, has therefore been questioned. We measured the relative contribution of fur to the combined thermal resistance (insulation) offered by blubber, skin, and fur in newborn and adult harp (Pagophilus gvoenlandiczls) and hooded (Cystophora cristutu) seals, in air and water, to elucidate the role of fur as insulation in phocid seals. In air the fur contributed 70% of the combined thermal resistance of blubber, skin, and fur in newborn harp seal pups and 27% in adults, whereas in hooded seals the fur contributed 73% in newborn pups and 34% in adults. When submerged the thermal resistance of the fur was reduced by 84%-92%, and contributed 65% to the total insulation in newborn harp seal pups and 3% in adults, and 26% in newborn hooded seal pups and 5% in adults. We conclude that in air the fur of phocid seals makes an important contribution to the insulation of pups, and also contributes considerably to the insulation of adult animals. In water, even though the thermal resistance of the fur is dramatically reduced, the fur still contributes substantially to the insulation of pups, but its contribution in adults is negligible.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48696907,"asset_id":28362836,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53127236,"first_name":"Petter","last_name":"Kvadsheim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PetterKvadsheim","display_name":"Petter Kvadsheim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PetterKvadsheim?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":1389,"name":"Thermoregulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermoregulation?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":52489,"name":"Adipose tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adipose_tissue?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884"},{"id":162553,"name":"Skin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin?f_ri=126884"},{"id":204006,"name":"Fur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fur?f_ri=126884"},{"id":323827,"name":"Thermal Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Resistance?f_ri=126884"},{"id":404009,"name":"Thermal Insulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Insulation?f_ri=126884"},{"id":469895,"name":"Blubber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blubber?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48974510" data-work_id="48974510" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48974510/Correct_and_Incorrect_Use_of_Recruitment_Rates_for_Marine_Mammals">Correct and Incorrect Use of Recruitment Rates for Marine Mammals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Adults of long-lived, birth-pulse populations (e.g., many cetaceans, polar bears and walrus) may not breed every year because of parental care, long gestation periods or nutritional constraints. Estimates of adult annual recruitment rates... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48974510" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Adults of long-lived, birth-pulse populations (e.g., many cetaceans, polar bears and walrus) may not breed every year because of parental care, long gestation periods or nutritional constraints. Estimates of adult annual recruitment rates for such populations are necessarily an oversimplification since these rates are applied to both breeding and non-breeding females. The weighted mean of age-specific recruitment is insufficient for non-stable age projections of multi-annual populations beyond the first time interval. Restated, conventional or collapsed Leslie matrix and life-table projections are not adequate for non-stable age simulations of populations with multi-annual reproduction cycles. These difficulties may be avoided by employing a parameterization that accommodates a dynamic age structure and proportion of breeding females within a given age class. This parameterization is a true description of the multipleyear reproduction schedule. Examples, broadly mimicking the life history of polar bears, were used to identify potential qualitative errors that may occur from using overly simplified projection models.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48974510" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="30667fdcf310a7711f3203df4d1f63a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67365635,"asset_id":48974510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67365635/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45150845" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FredBunnell">Fred Bunnell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45150845" type="text/json">{"id":45150845,"first_name":"Fred","last_name":"Bunnell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FredBunnell","display_name":"Fred Bunnell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FredBunnell?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45150845/26129049/24745545/s65_fred.bunnell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48974510 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48974510"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48974510, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48974510", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48974510 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48974510; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48974510"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48974510 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48974510"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48974510; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48974510]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48974510").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48974510").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48974510"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="726208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal">Marine Mammal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="726208" type="text/json">{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48974510]'), work: {"id":48974510,"title":"Correct and Incorrect Use of Recruitment Rates for Marine Mammals","created_at":"2021-05-18T12:34:25.995-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48974510/Correct_and_Incorrect_Use_of_Recruitment_Rates_for_Marine_Mammals?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_48974510","summary":"Adults of long-lived, birth-pulse populations (e.g., many cetaceans, polar bears and walrus) may not breed every year because of parental care, long gestation periods or nutritional constraints. Estimates of adult annual recruitment rates for such populations are necessarily an oversimplification since these rates are applied to both breeding and non-breeding females. The weighted mean of age-specific recruitment is insufficient for non-stable age projections of multi-annual populations beyond the first time interval. Restated, conventional or collapsed Leslie matrix and life-table projections are not adequate for non-stable age simulations of populations with multi-annual reproduction cycles. These difficulties may be avoided by employing a parameterization that accommodates a dynamic age structure and proportion of breeding females within a given age class. This parameterization is a true description of the multipleyear reproduction schedule. Examples, broadly mimicking the life history of polar bears, were used to identify potential qualitative errors that may occur from using overly simplified projection models.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67365635,"asset_id":48974510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45150845,"first_name":"Fred","last_name":"Bunnell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FredBunnell","display_name":"Fred Bunnell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FredBunnell?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45150845/26129049/24745545/s65_fred.bunnell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16040578" data-work_id="16040578" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16040578/DOCUMENTATION_OF_SEA_OTTERS_AND_BIRDS_AS_PREY_FOR_KILLER_WHALES">DOCUMENTATION OF SEA OTTERS AND BIRDS AS PREY FOR KILLER WHALES</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16040578" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8267567ad64effb4ebd13e378b1c6566" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42774222,"asset_id":16040578,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42774222/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35178205" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BarbaraMahoney1">Barbara Mahoney</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35178205" type="text/json">{"id":35178205,"first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Mahoney","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BarbaraMahoney1","display_name":"Barbara Mahoney","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BarbaraMahoney1?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16040578 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16040578"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16040578, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16040578", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16040578 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16040578; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16040578"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16040578 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16040578"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16040578; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16040578]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16040578").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16040578").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16040578"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="726208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal">Marine Mammal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="726208" type="text/json">{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16040578]'), work: {"id":16040578,"title":"DOCUMENTATION OF SEA OTTERS AND BIRDS AS PREY FOR KILLER WHALES","created_at":"2015-09-22T12:27:19.923-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16040578/DOCUMENTATION_OF_SEA_OTTERS_AND_BIRDS_AS_PREY_FOR_KILLER_WHALES?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_16040578","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42774222,"asset_id":16040578,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35178205,"first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Mahoney","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BarbaraMahoney1","display_name":"Barbara Mahoney","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BarbaraMahoney1?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71363054" data-work_id="71363054" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71363054/Morbillivirus_Infection_in_Manatees">Morbillivirus Infection in Manatees</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The first evidence of exposure of free-ranging Florida manatees (Trichechus manatees latirostris) to a morbillivirus is reported. Blood samples were collected from 148 Florida manatees between 1977 and 1994. The sample included manatees... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71363054" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The first evidence of exposure of free-ranging Florida manatees (Trichechus manatees latirostris) to a morbillivirus is reported. Blood samples were collected from 148 Florida manatees between 1977 and 1994. The sample included manatees that were under rehabilitation (n = 97), free-ranging (n = 40) and fresh necropsy specimens (n = 11). Serum from six animals (4%) neutralized porpoise and dolphin morbilliviruses to a higher titer than any other member of the Morbillivirus genus. Antibodies were not detected in sera from 12 freeranging Antillean manatees (T. manatus manatus) from Guyana sampled in 1992 or from 12 hand-reared Amazonian manatees (T. inunguis) sampled in 1984. Immunoprecipitation studies using radio-labelled canine distemper virus protein and serum from Florida manatees showed precipitation of the nucleocapsid (N) protein. The combination of low antibody titers and absence of clinical disease suggest that the Florida manatee is a dead-end host. Sporadic infection may occur following contact with another species in which infection is enzootic. Morbillivirus could, either by fatal infection or more insidious effects on the immune system or reproduction, pose a problem to this already threatened species.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71363054" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dc1d97528112f1b45aeb36ce21f9c85b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80738015,"asset_id":71363054,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80738015/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36042684" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CampbellTerry">Terry Campbell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36042684" type="text/json">{"id":36042684,"first_name":"Terry","last_name":"Campbell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CampbellTerry","display_name":"Terry Campbell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CampbellTerry?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71363054 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71363054"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71363054, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71363054", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71363054 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71363054; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71363054"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71363054 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71363054"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71363054; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71363054]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71363054").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71363054").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71363054"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23979" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endangered_Species">Endangered Species</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23979" type="text/json">{"id":23979,"name":"Endangered Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endangered_Species?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50636" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serology">Serology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50636" type="text/json">{"id":50636,"name":"Serology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71363054]'), work: {"id":71363054,"title":"Morbillivirus Infection in Manatees","created_at":"2022-02-13T10:05:40.429-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71363054/Morbillivirus_Infection_in_Manatees?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_71363054","summary":"The first evidence of exposure of free-ranging Florida manatees (Trichechus manatees latirostris) to a morbillivirus is reported. Blood samples were collected from 148 Florida manatees between 1977 and 1994. The sample included manatees that were under rehabilitation (n = 97), free-ranging (n = 40) and fresh necropsy specimens (n = 11). Serum from six animals (4%) neutralized porpoise and dolphin morbilliviruses to a higher titer than any other member of the Morbillivirus genus. Antibodies were not detected in sera from 12 freeranging Antillean manatees (T. manatus manatus) from Guyana sampled in 1992 or from 12 hand-reared Amazonian manatees (T. inunguis) sampled in 1984. Immunoprecipitation studies using radio-labelled canine distemper virus protein and serum from Florida manatees showed precipitation of the nucleocapsid (N) protein. The combination of low antibody titers and absence of clinical disease suggest that the Florida manatee is a dead-end host. Sporadic infection may occur following contact with another species in which infection is enzootic. Morbillivirus could, either by fatal infection or more insidious effects on the immune system or reproduction, pose a problem to this already threatened species.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80738015,"asset_id":71363054,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36042684,"first_name":"Terry","last_name":"Campbell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CampbellTerry","display_name":"Terry Campbell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CampbellTerry?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":23979,"name":"Endangered Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endangered_Species?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":50636,"name":"Serology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":82145,"name":"Virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus?f_ri=126884"},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884"},{"id":216699,"name":"Immunoprecipitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoprecipitation?f_ri=126884"},{"id":477461,"name":"Coastal Zone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_Zone?f_ri=126884"},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884"},{"id":2578588,"name":"Nucleoprotein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleoprotein?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68111557" data-work_id="68111557" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68111557/The_Social_Structure_of_Bottlenose_Dolphins_Tursiops_Truncatus_in_the_Bahamas">The Social Structure of Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops Truncatus, in the Bahamas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The social structure of coastal ecotype bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, is largely unknown as they inhabit regions far from shore. This study reports on a community of bottlenose dolphins ! 27 km from Grand Bahama Island... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68111557" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The social structure of coastal ecotype bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, is largely unknown as they inhabit regions far from shore. This study reports on a community of bottlenose dolphins ! 27 km from Grand Bahama Island (May-September, 1993-2002). Resident and non-resident dolphins occurred in the area. Some dolphins traveled over 320 km between communities; others showed longterm site fidelity up to 17 yr. Average group size was 3-5, and was significantly larger with calves present and significantly smaller when traveling. The half-weight index was used to determine coefficients of association (COA) for individuals of known sex annually and for pooled years. Permutation tests revealed non-random associations and presence of preferred/avoided companions in all data sets. Annual COAs were low: female-female x ¼ 0.31, male-male x ¼ 0.30, and mixed-sex x ¼ 0.26. Mother-calf associations showed the highest values. Some males formed strong, long-term bonds. Female COAs fluctuated with reproductive status. Using pooled data, COAs were lower and the same basic trends were evident. However, strong associations seen in the annual data were not evident in pooled data. Bottlenose dolphins that inhabit offshore, shallow water show many of the same social structure characteristics as in well-studied coastal populations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68111557" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff415e6b6582915c0c575b996a84bbac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78704739,"asset_id":68111557,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78704739/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33647494" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JMallefet">J. Mallefet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33647494" type="text/json">{"id":33647494,"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Mallefet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JMallefet","display_name":"J. Mallefet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JMallefet?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68111557 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68111557"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68111557, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68111557", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68111557 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68111557; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68111557"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68111557 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68111557"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68111557; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68111557]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68111557").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68111557").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68111557"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55427" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Structure">Social Structure</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55427" type="text/json">{"id":55427,"name":"Social Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Structure?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="177793" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group_Size">Group Size</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="177793" type="text/json">{"id":177793,"name":"Group Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group_Size?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68111557]'), work: {"id":68111557,"title":"The Social Structure of Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops Truncatus, in the Bahamas","created_at":"2022-01-14T06:17:41.456-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68111557/The_Social_Structure_of_Bottlenose_Dolphins_Tursiops_Truncatus_in_the_Bahamas?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_68111557","summary":"The social structure of coastal ecotype bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, is largely unknown as they inhabit regions far from shore. This study reports on a community of bottlenose dolphins ! 27 km from Grand Bahama Island (May-September, 1993-2002). Resident and non-resident dolphins occurred in the area. Some dolphins traveled over 320 km between communities; others showed longterm site fidelity up to 17 yr. Average group size was 3-5, and was significantly larger with calves present and significantly smaller when traveling. The half-weight index was used to determine coefficients of association (COA) for individuals of known sex annually and for pooled years. Permutation tests revealed non-random associations and presence of preferred/avoided companions in all data sets. Annual COAs were low: female-female x ¼ 0.31, male-male x ¼ 0.30, and mixed-sex x ¼ 0.26. Mother-calf associations showed the highest values. Some males formed strong, long-term bonds. Female COAs fluctuated with reproductive status. Using pooled data, COAs were lower and the same basic trends were evident. However, strong associations seen in the annual data were not evident in pooled data. Bottlenose dolphins that inhabit offshore, shallow water show many of the same social structure characteristics as in well-studied coastal populations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78704739,"asset_id":68111557,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33647494,"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Mallefet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JMallefet","display_name":"J. Mallefet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JMallefet?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":55427,"name":"Social Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Structure?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":177793,"name":"Group Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group_Size?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":179729,"name":"Bottlenose dolphin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bottlenose_dolphin?f_ri=126884"},{"id":283971,"name":"Tursiops truncatus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tursiops_truncatus?f_ri=126884"},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884"},{"id":963469,"name":"Philopatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philopatry?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7713541" data-work_id="7713541" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7713541/IDENTIFYING_PYGMY_AND_DWARF_SPERM_WHALES_GENUS_KOGIA_USING_ELECTROSPRAY_IONIZATION_MASS_SPECTROMETRY_OF_MYOGLOBIN_AND_HEMOGLOBIN">IDENTIFYING PYGMY AND DWARF SPERM WHALES (GENUS KOGIA) USING ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY OF MYOGLOBIN AND HEMOGLOBIN</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7713541" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1b702ef28a30344e800fa37ade75ecde" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48363802,"asset_id":7713541,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48363802/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14108066" href="https://udec-cl.academia.edu/EdgardEspinoza">Edgard Espinoza</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14108066" type="text/json">{"id":14108066,"first_name":"Edgard","last_name":"Espinoza","domain_name":"udec-cl","page_name":"EdgardEspinoza","display_name":"Edgard Espinoza","profile_url":"https://udec-cl.academia.edu/EdgardEspinoza?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14108066/11332761/12642546/s65_edgard.espinoza.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7713541 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7713541"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7713541, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7713541", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7713541 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7713541; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7713541"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7713541 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7713541"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7713541; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7713541]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7713541").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7713541").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7713541"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="326380" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Chromatography_Electrospray_Ionization_Mass_Spectrometry">Liquid Chromatography / Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="326380" type="text/json">{"id":326380,"name":"Liquid Chromatography / Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Chromatography_Electrospray_Ionization_Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7713541]'), work: {"id":7713541,"title":"IDENTIFYING PYGMY AND DWARF SPERM WHALES (GENUS KOGIA) USING ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY OF MYOGLOBIN AND HEMOGLOBIN","created_at":"2014-07-19T04:35:35.061-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7713541/IDENTIFYING_PYGMY_AND_DWARF_SPERM_WHALES_GENUS_KOGIA_USING_ELECTROSPRAY_IONIZATION_MASS_SPECTROMETRY_OF_MYOGLOBIN_AND_HEMOGLOBIN?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_7713541","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48363802,"asset_id":7713541,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14108066,"first_name":"Edgard","last_name":"Espinoza","domain_name":"udec-cl","page_name":"EdgardEspinoza","display_name":"Edgard Espinoza","profile_url":"https://udec-cl.academia.edu/EdgardEspinoza?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14108066/11332761/12642546/s65_edgard.espinoza.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":326380,"name":"Liquid Chromatography / Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Chromatography_Electrospray_Ionization_Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24470995" data-work_id="24470995" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24470995/Feeding_Ecology_of_the_Marine_Otter_Lutra_Felina_in_a_Rocky_Seashore_of_the_South_of_Chile">Feeding Ecology of the Marine Otter (Lutra Felina) in a Rocky Seashore of the South of Chile</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The marine otter (Lutrafelina) lives exclusively along exposed rocky shorelines on the South American Pacific coast from Peru (6'9, to Cape Horn, Chile (56'S), and Isla de 10s Estados, Argentina. L. felina diet and its relationship to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24470995" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The marine otter (Lutrafelina) lives exclusively along exposed rocky shorelines on the South American Pacific coast from Peru (6'9, to Cape Horn, Chile (56'S), and Isla de 10s Estados, Argentina. L. felina diet and its relationship to prey availability and energy content was assessed by spraint and prey remains analysis, direct observation, and the use of crab pots and fish traps, at four sites on the Valdivian coast in the south of Chile, between June 1999 and June 2000. Based on spraints analysis, the diet was composed of 25 species; 52% (13/25) of the species identified were crustaceans, 40% (10/25) were fish, and 8% (2/25) were mollusks. Crustaceans were found in 78% of 475 spraints, 100% of 929 prey remains, and 90.8% of prey determined by direct observation, fish in 20% of spraints and 9.0% of prey determined by direct observation, and mollusks in 2% of spraints and 0.2% of prey determined by direct observation. Observed seasonal variation in prey availability was reflected in the otter diet. Fourteen prey species were trapped; 43% (6114) were crustaceans and 57% (8/14) fish, crustaceans were 93% of 566 trapped individuals, fish 7%. L. felina showed opportunistic feeding behavior, selecting prey seasonally according to their availability rather than to their energy input.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24470995" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dfe8146eb7fa3e638b4d0f2bf826216d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44802180,"asset_id":24470995,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44802180/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47163189" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GonzaloMedinaVogel">Gonzalo Medina Vogel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47163189" type="text/json">{"id":47163189,"first_name":"Gonzalo","last_name":"Medina Vogel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GonzaloMedinaVogel","display_name":"Gonzalo Medina Vogel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GonzaloMedinaVogel?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24470995 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24470995"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24470995, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24470995", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24470995 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24470995; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24470995"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24470995 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24470995"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24470995; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24470995]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24470995").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24470995").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24470995"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57611" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Ecology">Feeding Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57611" type="text/json">{"id":57611,"name":"Feeding Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Ecology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24470995]'), work: {"id":24470995,"title":"Feeding Ecology of the Marine Otter (Lutra Felina) in a Rocky Seashore of the South of Chile","created_at":"2016-04-16T13:37:58.913-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24470995/Feeding_Ecology_of_the_Marine_Otter_Lutra_Felina_in_a_Rocky_Seashore_of_the_South_of_Chile?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_24470995","summary":"The marine otter (Lutrafelina) lives exclusively along exposed rocky shorelines on the South American Pacific coast from Peru (6'9, to Cape Horn, Chile (56'S), and Isla de 10s Estados, Argentina. L. felina diet and its relationship to prey availability and energy content was assessed by spraint and prey remains analysis, direct observation, and the use of crab pots and fish traps, at four sites on the Valdivian coast in the south of Chile, between June 1999 and June 2000. Based on spraints analysis, the diet was composed of 25 species; 52% (13/25) of the species identified were crustaceans, 40% (10/25) were fish, and 8% (2/25) were mollusks. Crustaceans were found in 78% of 475 spraints, 100% of 929 prey remains, and 90.8% of prey determined by direct observation, fish in 20% of spraints and 9.0% of prey determined by direct observation, and mollusks in 2% of spraints and 0.2% of prey determined by direct observation. Observed seasonal variation in prey availability was reflected in the otter diet. Fourteen prey species were trapped; 43% (6114) were crustaceans and 57% (8/14) fish, crustaceans were 93% of 566 trapped individuals, fish 7%. L. felina showed opportunistic feeding behavior, selecting prey seasonally according to their availability rather than to their energy input.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44802180,"asset_id":24470995,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47163189,"first_name":"Gonzalo","last_name":"Medina Vogel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GonzaloMedinaVogel","display_name":"Gonzalo Medina Vogel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GonzaloMedinaVogel?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":57611,"name":"Feeding Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Ecology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":222432,"name":"Seasonal variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonal_variation?f_ri=126884"},{"id":235379,"name":"Predator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predator?f_ri=126884"},{"id":811543,"name":"Seasonal Variations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonal_Variations?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18174315" data-work_id="18174315" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18174315/Migratory_movements_of_individual_humpback_whales_photographed_off_the_eastern_coast_of_Australia">Migratory movements of individual humpback whales photographed off the eastern coast of Australia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) migrate long distances each year on a return journey from low-latitude breeding grounds to high-latitude feeding grounds. Migration is influenced by subtle and complex social behaviors and the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18174315" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) migrate long distances each year on a return journey from low-latitude breeding grounds to high-latitude feeding grounds. Migration is influenced by subtle and complex social behaviors and the assumption that whales transit directly through the migratory corridor off the east coast of Australia requires further investigation. From 2003 to 2005, we followed the movements of 99 individual whales within one migratory cycle from three locations, off Byron Bay during the whales' northern migration and in Hervey Bay and at Ballina during the southern migration. The median sighting interval of whales between Byron Bay and Hervey Bay (n = 26) was 52 d (IQR = 42.5-75.5); between Byron Bay and Ballina (n = 21) was 59 d (IQR = 47.0-70.0); and between Hervey Bay and Ballina (n = 33) was 9 d (8.0-14.0). The overall pattern observed from these resightings suggests that Group E1 humpback whales spend approximately two months in the northern quarter of their range during the austral winter months. Intraseason resightings of whales at Ballina (n = 13, median sighting interval = 7 d) also suggest that some individuals, particularly adult males, may circle back north 1 Corresponding author (e-mail: <a href="mailto:daniel.burns@scu.edu.au" rel="nofollow">daniel.burns@scu.edu.au</a>). 562 during their general southward journey along this part of the coast, perhaps in an attempt to increase mating opportunities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18174315" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="749708905f476a3d46079ba7dcaec532" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42087574,"asset_id":18174315,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42087574/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38152221" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidPaton2">David Paton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38152221" type="text/json">{"id":38152221,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Paton","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidPaton2","display_name":"David Paton","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidPaton2?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18174315 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18174315"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18174315, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18174315", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18174315 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18174315; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18174315"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18174315 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18174315"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18174315; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18174315]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18174315").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18174315").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18174315"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Science">Marine Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16441" type="text/json">{"id":16441,"name":"Marine Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18174315]'), work: {"id":18174315,"title":"Migratory movements of individual humpback whales photographed off the eastern coast of Australia","created_at":"2015-11-11T18:35:36.045-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18174315/Migratory_movements_of_individual_humpback_whales_photographed_off_the_eastern_coast_of_Australia?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_18174315","summary":"Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) migrate long distances each year on a return journey from low-latitude breeding grounds to high-latitude feeding grounds. Migration is influenced by subtle and complex social behaviors and the assumption that whales transit directly through the migratory corridor off the east coast of Australia requires further investigation. From 2003 to 2005, we followed the movements of 99 individual whales within one migratory cycle from three locations, off Byron Bay during the whales' northern migration and in Hervey Bay and at Ballina during the southern migration. The median sighting interval of whales between Byron Bay and Hervey Bay (n = 26) was 52 d (IQR = 42.5-75.5); between Byron Bay and Ballina (n = 21) was 59 d (IQR = 47.0-70.0); and between Hervey Bay and Ballina (n = 33) was 9 d (8.0-14.0). The overall pattern observed from these resightings suggests that Group E1 humpback whales spend approximately two months in the northern quarter of their range during the austral winter months. Intraseason resightings of whales at Ballina (n = 13, median sighting interval = 7 d) also suggest that some individuals, particularly adult males, may circle back north 1 Corresponding author (e-mail: daniel.burns@scu.edu.au). 562 during their general southward journey along this part of the coast, perhaps in an attempt to increase mating opportunities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42087574,"asset_id":18174315,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38152221,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Paton","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidPaton2","display_name":"David Paton","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidPaton2?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":16441,"name":"Marine Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13179506" data-work_id="13179506" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13179506/THE_NORTHEASTERN_ALBORAN_SEA_AN_IMPORTANT_BREEDING_AND_FEEDING_GROUND_FOR_THE_LONG_FINNED_PILOT_WHALE_GLOBICEPHALA_MELAS_IN_THE_MEDITERRANEAN_SEA">THE NORTHEASTERN ALBORAN SEA, AN IMPORTANT BREEDING AND FEEDING GROUND FOR THE LONG-FINNED PILOT WHALE (GLOBICEPHALA MELAS) IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Little is known about the long-finned pilot whale's population size, structure, distribution and dynamics in the Western Mediterranean basin. The research region covered since 1992 in southeast Spain, at the edge of the Alboran Sea, is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13179506" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Little is known about the long-finned pilot whale's population size, structure, distribution and dynamics in the Western Mediterranean basin. The research region covered since 1992 in southeast Spain, at the edge of the Alboran Sea, is considered an important oceanographic transition zone between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. The research ship Toftevaag carried out surveys covering a total of 10,173 nmi (18,840 km) from April to September each year, 1992September each year, -1997 years pooled. Effort for ten-by-ten-mile quadrats was stratified by depth and sea state to ascertain encounter rates. Tracking of animals was used together with photo-identification in order to analyze home range of groups. Behavior was recorded ad libitum, and underwater video taping was used to analyze specific behavior patterns. One hundred and nine sightings of pilot whales were made. The average group size was 41.4 ± 58.4, ranging from 1 to 350. The average depth at encounters was 848.7 ± 281.2 m. ranging from 300 to 1800 m. Comparison of results on encounter rate and group size with those for other Mediterranean regions, together with site fidelity shown by photoidentification and observations of reproductive behavior, reflect the importance of the Alboran Sea to the species in the Mediterranean.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13179506" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9fdd4cba83d5c0f9ee89235a65626b39" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45612350,"asset_id":13179506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45612350/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32435625" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnaCa%C3%B1adas">Ana Cañadas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32435625" type="text/json">{"id":32435625,"first_name":"Ana","last_name":"Cañadas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnaCañadas","display_name":"Ana Cañadas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnaCa%C3%B1adas?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13179506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13179506"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13179506, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13179506", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13179506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13179506; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13179506"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13179506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13179506"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13179506; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13179506]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13179506").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13179506").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13179506"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50243" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50243" type="text/json">{"id":50243,"name":"Mediterranean Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Sea?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="151959" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Size">Population Size</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="151959" type="text/json">{"id":151959,"name":"Population Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Size?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13179506]'), work: {"id":13179506,"title":"THE NORTHEASTERN ALBORAN SEA, AN IMPORTANT BREEDING AND FEEDING GROUND FOR THE LONG-FINNED PILOT WHALE (GLOBICEPHALA MELAS) IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA","created_at":"2015-06-22T10:36:48.146-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13179506/THE_NORTHEASTERN_ALBORAN_SEA_AN_IMPORTANT_BREEDING_AND_FEEDING_GROUND_FOR_THE_LONG_FINNED_PILOT_WHALE_GLOBICEPHALA_MELAS_IN_THE_MEDITERRANEAN_SEA?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_13179506","summary":"Little is known about the long-finned pilot whale's population size, structure, distribution and dynamics in the Western Mediterranean basin. The research region covered since 1992 in southeast Spain, at the edge of the Alboran Sea, is considered an important oceanographic transition zone between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. The research ship Toftevaag carried out surveys covering a total of 10,173 nmi (18,840 km) from April to September each year, 1992September each year, -1997 years pooled. Effort for ten-by-ten-mile quadrats was stratified by depth and sea state to ascertain encounter rates. Tracking of animals was used together with photo-identification in order to analyze home range of groups. Behavior was recorded ad libitum, and underwater video taping was used to analyze specific behavior patterns. One hundred and nine sightings of pilot whales were made. The average group size was 41.4 ± 58.4, ranging from 1 to 350. The average depth at encounters was 848.7 ± 281.2 m. ranging from 300 to 1800 m. Comparison of results on encounter rate and group size with those for other Mediterranean regions, together with site fidelity shown by photoidentification and observations of reproductive behavior, reflect the importance of the Alboran Sea to the species in the Mediterranean.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45612350,"asset_id":13179506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32435625,"first_name":"Ana","last_name":"Cañadas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnaCañadas","display_name":"Ana Cañadas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnaCa%C3%B1adas?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":50243,"name":"Mediterranean Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Sea?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":151959,"name":"Population Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Size?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":202159,"name":"Mantle Transition Zone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mantle_Transition_Zone?f_ri=126884"},{"id":1272997,"name":"Western Mediterranean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Mediterranean?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15816460" data-work_id="15816460" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15816460/KILLER_WHALE_ATTACKS_ON_MINKE_WHALES_PREY_CAPTURE_AND_ANTIPREDATOR_TACTICS">KILLER WHALE ATTACKS ON MINKE WHALES: PREY CAPTURE AND ANTIPREDATOR TACTICS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15816460" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0346ae1c1fa24c5697c645342a77da9e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42875701,"asset_id":15816460,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42875701/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35004339" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DenaMatkin">Dena Matkin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35004339" type="text/json">{"id":35004339,"first_name":"Dena","last_name":"Matkin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DenaMatkin","display_name":"Dena Matkin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DenaMatkin?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15816460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15816460"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15816460, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15816460", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15816460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15816460; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15816460"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15816460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15816460"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15816460; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15816460]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15816460").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15816460").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15816460"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399309" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minke_whale">Minke whale</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399309" type="text/json">{"id":399309,"name":"Minke whale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minke_whale?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="726208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal">Marine Mammal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="726208" type="text/json">{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15816460]'), work: {"id":15816460,"title":"KILLER WHALE ATTACKS ON MINKE WHALES: PREY CAPTURE AND ANTIPREDATOR TACTICS","created_at":"2015-09-17T11:43:12.261-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15816460/KILLER_WHALE_ATTACKS_ON_MINKE_WHALES_PREY_CAPTURE_AND_ANTIPREDATOR_TACTICS?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_15816460","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42875701,"asset_id":15816460,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35004339,"first_name":"Dena","last_name":"Matkin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DenaMatkin","display_name":"Dena Matkin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DenaMatkin?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":399309,"name":"Minke whale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minke_whale?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":1583620,"name":"Prey Capture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prey_Capture?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59803174" data-work_id="59803174" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59803174/A_New_Geographic_Form_of_the_Spinner_Dolphin_Stenella_Longirostris_Detected_with_Aerial_Photogrammetry">A New Geographic Form of the Spinner Dolphin, Stenella Longirostris, Detected with Aerial Photogrammetry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Analyses of skeletal and external morphology of spinner dolphins killed in the yellowfin tuna purse-seine fishery in the eastern tropical Pacific led to the description of two subspecies of spinners from this region, the eastern spinner... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_59803174" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Analyses of skeletal and external morphology of spinner dolphins killed in the yellowfin tuna purse-seine fishery in the eastern tropical Pacific led to the description of two subspecies of spinners from this region, the eastern spinner dolphin and the Central American spinner dolphin (Perrin 1990). However, when we examined lengths of spinner dolphins taken from vertical aerial photographs from the same area, we found three unique morphotypes. Two of these forms correspond, at least in average length and distribution, to the existing subspecies. The third form is intermediate in length between the two recognized subspecies and is found along the edge of the continental shelf north of Cab0 Corrientes, Mexico. We provisionally call this form the "Tres Marias spinner dolphin." Our results demonstrate the value of a mix of fishery and fishery-independent data in studies of stock structure of impacted species.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59803174" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a751014adc967e99c0916dfe2198b190" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73537250,"asset_id":59803174,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73537250/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="140267910" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WaynePerryman1">Wayne Perryman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="140267910" type="text/json">{"id":140267910,"first_name":"Wayne","last_name":"Perryman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WaynePerryman1","display_name":"Wayne Perryman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WaynePerryman1?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59803174 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59803174"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59803174, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59803174", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_59803174 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59803174; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_59803174"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_59803174 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59803174"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59803174; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59803174]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_59803174").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_59803174").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="59803174"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1282" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photogrammetry">Photogrammetry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1282" type="text/json">{"id":1282,"name":"Photogrammetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photogrammetry?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78563" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerial_Photogrammetry">Aerial Photogrammetry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="78563" type="text/json">{"id":78563,"name":"Aerial Photogrammetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerial_Photogrammetry?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="81846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerial_Photography">Aerial Photography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="81846" type="text/json">{"id":81846,"name":"Aerial Photography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerial_Photography?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59803174]'), work: {"id":59803174,"title":"A New Geographic Form of the Spinner Dolphin, Stenella Longirostris, Detected with Aerial Photogrammetry","created_at":"2021-10-24T07:20:43.441-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59803174/A_New_Geographic_Form_of_the_Spinner_Dolphin_Stenella_Longirostris_Detected_with_Aerial_Photogrammetry?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_59803174","summary":"Analyses of skeletal and external morphology of spinner dolphins killed in the yellowfin tuna purse-seine fishery in the eastern tropical Pacific led to the description of two subspecies of spinners from this region, the eastern spinner dolphin and the Central American spinner dolphin (Perrin 1990). However, when we examined lengths of spinner dolphins taken from vertical aerial photographs from the same area, we found three unique morphotypes. Two of these forms correspond, at least in average length and distribution, to the existing subspecies. The third form is intermediate in length between the two recognized subspecies and is found along the edge of the continental shelf north of Cab0 Corrientes, Mexico. We provisionally call this form the \"Tres Marias spinner dolphin.\" Our results demonstrate the value of a mix of fishery and fishery-independent data in studies of stock structure of impacted species.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73537250,"asset_id":59803174,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":140267910,"first_name":"Wayne","last_name":"Perryman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WaynePerryman1","display_name":"Wayne Perryman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WaynePerryman1?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":1282,"name":"Photogrammetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photogrammetry?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":78563,"name":"Aerial Photogrammetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerial_Photogrammetry?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":81846,"name":"Aerial Photography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerial_Photography?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884"},{"id":265570,"name":"Stocks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stocks?f_ri=126884"},{"id":336787,"name":"Length","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Length?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9410697" data-work_id="9410697" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9410697/Notes_FOOD_AND_PARASITES_FROM_TWO_HOURGLASS_DOLPHINS_LAGENORHYNCHUS_CRUCIGER_QUOY_AND_GAIMARD_1824_FROM_PATAGONIAN_WATERS">Notes: FOOD AND PARASITES FROM TWO HOURGLASS DOLPHINS, LAGENORHYNCHUS CRUCIGER (QUOY AND GAIMARD, 1824), FROM PATAGONIAN WATERS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9410697" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="908c801ab16e142b72e505c5b8bc30f9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47793337,"asset_id":9410697,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47793337/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21871711" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EnriqueAlbertoCrespo">Enrique Alberto Crespo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21871711" type="text/json">{"id":21871711,"first_name":"Enrique Alberto","last_name":"Crespo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EnriqueAlbertoCrespo","display_name":"Enrique Alberto Crespo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EnriqueAlbertoCrespo?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21871711/6000188/6808573/s65_enrique_alberto.crespo.jpg_oh_0ea712aa46d58d41ebaeb20c8384ccef_oe_54d17a74___gda___1424076280_d9ed8082bdaa46df6004c53d2103b8f0"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9410697 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9410697"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9410697, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9410697", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9410697 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9410697; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9410697"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9410697 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9410697"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9410697; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9410697]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9410697").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9410697").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9410697"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9410697]'), work: {"id":9410697,"title":"Notes: FOOD AND PARASITES FROM TWO HOURGLASS DOLPHINS, LAGENORHYNCHUS CRUCIGER (QUOY AND GAIMARD, 1824), FROM PATAGONIAN WATERS","created_at":"2014-11-20T02:46:46.515-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9410697/Notes_FOOD_AND_PARASITES_FROM_TWO_HOURGLASS_DOLPHINS_LAGENORHYNCHUS_CRUCIGER_QUOY_AND_GAIMARD_1824_FROM_PATAGONIAN_WATERS?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_9410697","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47793337,"asset_id":9410697,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21871711,"first_name":"Enrique Alberto","last_name":"Crespo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EnriqueAlbertoCrespo","display_name":"Enrique Alberto Crespo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EnriqueAlbertoCrespo?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21871711/6000188/6808573/s65_enrique_alberto.crespo.jpg_oh_0ea712aa46d58d41ebaeb20c8384ccef_oe_54d17a74___gda___1424076280_d9ed8082bdaa46df6004c53d2103b8f0"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27115401" data-work_id="27115401" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27115401/Projectile_Biopsy_Sampling_of_Fur_Seals">Projectile Biopsy Sampling of Fur Seals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27115401" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6d34c8a9da9d56ad6d4714d12bf18249" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47365729,"asset_id":27115401,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47365729/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19382519" href="https://upch.academia.edu/PatriciaMajluf">Patricia Majluf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19382519" type="text/json">{"id":19382519,"first_name":"Patricia","last_name":"Majluf","domain_name":"upch","page_name":"PatriciaMajluf","display_name":"Patricia Majluf","profile_url":"https://upch.academia.edu/PatriciaMajluf?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27115401 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27115401"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27115401, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27115401", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27115401 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27115401; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27115401"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27115401 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27115401"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27115401; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27115401]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27115401").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27115401").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27115401"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57531" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sampling">Sampling</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57531" type="text/json">{"id":57531,"name":"Sampling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sampling?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="162553" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin">Skin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="162553" type="text/json">{"id":162553,"name":"Skin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27115401]'), work: {"id":27115401,"title":"Projectile Biopsy Sampling of Fur Seals","created_at":"2016-07-19T18:40:09.925-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27115401/Projectile_Biopsy_Sampling_of_Fur_Seals?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_27115401","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47365729,"asset_id":27115401,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19382519,"first_name":"Patricia","last_name":"Majluf","domain_name":"upch","page_name":"PatriciaMajluf","display_name":"Patricia Majluf","profile_url":"https://upch.academia.edu/PatriciaMajluf?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":57531,"name":"Sampling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sampling?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":162553,"name":"Skin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":363791,"name":"Projectile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Projectile?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47670745" data-work_id="47670745" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47670745/Whistle_characteristics_of_common_dolphins_Delphinus_sp_in_the_Hauraki_Gulf_New_Zealand">Whistle characteristics of common dolphins (Delphinus sp.) in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Quantifying the vocal repertoire of a species is critical for subsequent analysis of signal functionality, geographic variation, and social relevance. However, the vocalizations of free-ranging common dolphins (Delphinus sp.) have not... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47670745" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Quantifying the vocal repertoire of a species is critical for subsequent analysis of signal functionality, geographic variation, and social relevance. However, the vocalizations of free-ranging common dolphins (Delphinus sp.) have not previously been described from New Zealand waters. We present the first quantitative analysis of whistle characteristics to be undertaken on the New Zealand population. Acoustic data were collected in the Hauraki Gulf, North Island from 28 independent dolphin group encounters. A total of 11,715 whistles were collected from 105.1 min of recordings. Seven whistle contours were identified containing 29 subtypes. Vocalizations spanned from 3.2 to 23 kHz, with most whistles occurring between 11 and 13 kHz. Whistle duration ranged from 0.01 to 4.00 s (mean ± SD; 0.27 ± 0.32). Of the 2,663 whistles analyzed, 82% have previously been identified within U.K. populations. An additional six contours, apparently unique to New Zealand Delphinus were also identified. Data presented here offer a first insight into the whistle characteristics of New Zealand Delphinus. Comparisons with previously studied populations reveal marked differences in the whistle frequency and modulation of the New Zealand population. Interpopulation differences suggest behavior and the local environment likely play a role in shaping the vocal repertoire of this species.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47670745" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4656dbe88dd835ab0c72a84e30fb79ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66642997,"asset_id":47670745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66642997/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125633018" href="https://northtec.academia.edu/ManueMartinez">Manue Martinez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125633018" type="text/json">{"id":125633018,"first_name":"Manue","last_name":"Martinez","domain_name":"northtec","page_name":"ManueMartinez","display_name":"Manue Martinez","profile_url":"https://northtec.academia.edu/ManueMartinez?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125633018/31998600/29123622/s65_manue.martinez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47670745 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47670745"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47670745, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47670745", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47670745 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47670745; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47670745"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47670745 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47670745"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47670745; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47670745]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47670745").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47670745").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47670745"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="499" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acoustics">Acoustics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="499" type="text/json">{"id":499,"name":"Acoustics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acoustics?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="75055" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dolphins">Dolphins</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="75055" type="text/json">{"id":75055,"name":"Dolphins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dolphins?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47670745]'), work: {"id":47670745,"title":"Whistle characteristics of common dolphins (Delphinus sp.) in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand","created_at":"2021-04-23T13:20:42.241-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47670745/Whistle_characteristics_of_common_dolphins_Delphinus_sp_in_the_Hauraki_Gulf_New_Zealand?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_47670745","summary":"Quantifying the vocal repertoire of a species is critical for subsequent analysis of signal functionality, geographic variation, and social relevance. However, the vocalizations of free-ranging common dolphins (Delphinus sp.) have not previously been described from New Zealand waters. We present the first quantitative analysis of whistle characteristics to be undertaken on the New Zealand population. Acoustic data were collected in the Hauraki Gulf, North Island from 28 independent dolphin group encounters. A total of 11,715 whistles were collected from 105.1 min of recordings. Seven whistle contours were identified containing 29 subtypes. Vocalizations spanned from 3.2 to 23 kHz, with most whistles occurring between 11 and 13 kHz. Whistle duration ranged from 0.01 to 4.00 s (mean ± SD; 0.27 ± 0.32). Of the 2,663 whistles analyzed, 82% have previously been identified within U.K. populations. An additional six contours, apparently unique to New Zealand Delphinus were also identified. Data presented here offer a first insight into the whistle characteristics of New Zealand Delphinus. Comparisons with previously studied populations reveal marked differences in the whistle frequency and modulation of the New Zealand population. Interpopulation differences suggest behavior and the local environment likely play a role in shaping the vocal repertoire of this species.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66642997,"asset_id":47670745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125633018,"first_name":"Manue","last_name":"Martinez","domain_name":"northtec","page_name":"ManueMartinez","display_name":"Manue Martinez","profile_url":"https://northtec.academia.edu/ManueMartinez?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125633018/31998600/29123622/s65_manue.martinez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":499,"name":"Acoustics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acoustics?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":75055,"name":"Dolphins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dolphins?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26554660" data-work_id="26554660" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26554660/Determining_feeding_events_and_prey_encounter_rates_in_a_southern_elephant_seal_a_method_using_swim_speed_and_stomach_temperature">Determining feeding events and prey encounter rates in a southern elephant seal: a method using swim speed and stomach temperature</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26554660" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70d44d41bf742a4c32ee192614d0203f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46848080,"asset_id":26554660,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46848080/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50529858" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaryanneLea">Mary-anne Lea</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50529858" type="text/json">{"id":50529858,"first_name":"Mary-anne","last_name":"Lea","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MaryanneLea","display_name":"Mary-anne Lea","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MaryanneLea?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26554660 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26554660"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26554660, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26554660", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26554660 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26554660; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26554660"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26554660 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26554660"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26554660; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26554660]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26554660").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26554660").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26554660"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69270" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swimming_speed">Swimming speed</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69270" type="text/json">{"id":69270,"name":"Swimming speed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swimming_speed?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26554660]'), work: {"id":26554660,"title":"Determining feeding events and prey encounter rates in a southern elephant seal: a method using swim speed and stomach temperature","created_at":"2016-06-27T22:29:41.267-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26554660/Determining_feeding_events_and_prey_encounter_rates_in_a_southern_elephant_seal_a_method_using_swim_speed_and_stomach_temperature?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_26554660","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46848080,"asset_id":26554660,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50529858,"first_name":"Mary-anne","last_name":"Lea","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MaryanneLea","display_name":"Mary-anne Lea","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MaryanneLea?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":69270,"name":"Swimming speed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swimming_speed?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13292605" data-work_id="13292605" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13292605/STUDY_OF_VITAMIN_A_SUPPLEMENTATION_IN_CAPTIVE_NORTHERN_FUR_SEALS_CALLORHINUS_URSINUS_AND_ITS_EFFECT_ON_SERUM_VITAMIN_E">STUDY OF VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION IN CAPTIVE NORTHERN FUR SEALS (CALLORHINUS URSINUS) AND ITS EFFECT ON SERUM VITAMIN E</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of vitamin A supplementation on serum vitamin E in adult female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). In the first experiment five animals received, in addition to their routine... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13292605" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of vitamin A supplementation on serum vitamin E in adult female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). In the first experiment five animals received, in addition to their routine dietary multivitamin supplement, a high-level vitamin A supplement (53 pmol retinyl palmitate/d) for 30 d. Five seals consuming their routine dietary supplement served as controls. Serum vitamin E decreased significantly in animals receiving high-level vitamin A supplements. At the end of 30 d serum vitamin E averaged 18.6 pg I mL in the control animals and 13.4 pg/mL in the animals receiving the high-eve1 vitamin A supplement. In experiment 2 ten animals received the high level vitamin A supplement for 60 d. After 30 d, serum vitamin E levels were reduced, but by 60 d had returned to baseline levels. However, the ratio of serum vitamin E to phospholipid, another index of vitamin E status, remained decreased. Although the exact mechanism of interaction is unknown, this study shows that when providing vitamin supplements for captive pinnipeds, vitamin interactions must be considered. The vitamin A supplementation currently used by some institutions seems unnecessary and may have detrimental effects on vitamin E status.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13292605" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f47a62c023cb529d135f72e2225d04a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45678652,"asset_id":13292605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45678652/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32543634" href="https://languages-uconn.academia.edu/HaroldFurr">Harold Furr</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32543634" type="text/json">{"id":32543634,"first_name":"Harold","last_name":"Furr","domain_name":"languages-uconn","page_name":"HaroldFurr","display_name":"Harold Furr","profile_url":"https://languages-uconn.academia.edu/HaroldFurr?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13292605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13292605"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13292605, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13292605", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13292605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13292605; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13292605"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13292605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13292605"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13292605; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13292605]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13292605").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13292605").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13292605"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="726208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal">Marine Mammal</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="726208" type="text/json">{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1539158" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vitamin_A_Supplementation">Vitamin A Supplementation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1539158" type="text/json">{"id":1539158,"name":"Vitamin A Supplementation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vitamin_A_Supplementation?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13292605]'), work: {"id":13292605,"title":"STUDY OF VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION IN CAPTIVE NORTHERN FUR SEALS (CALLORHINUS URSINUS) AND ITS EFFECT ON SERUM VITAMIN E","created_at":"2015-06-25T15:06:00.884-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13292605/STUDY_OF_VITAMIN_A_SUPPLEMENTATION_IN_CAPTIVE_NORTHERN_FUR_SEALS_CALLORHINUS_URSINUS_AND_ITS_EFFECT_ON_SERUM_VITAMIN_E?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_13292605","summary":"Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of vitamin A supplementation on serum vitamin E in adult female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). In the first experiment five animals received, in addition to their routine dietary multivitamin supplement, a high-level vitamin A supplement (53 pmol retinyl palmitate/d) for 30 d. Five seals consuming their routine dietary supplement served as controls. Serum vitamin E decreased significantly in animals receiving high-level vitamin A supplements. At the end of 30 d serum vitamin E averaged 18.6 pg I mL in the control animals and 13.4 pg/mL in the animals receiving the high-eve1 vitamin A supplement. In experiment 2 ten animals received the high level vitamin A supplement for 60 d. After 30 d, serum vitamin E levels were reduced, but by 60 d had returned to baseline levels. However, the ratio of serum vitamin E to phospholipid, another index of vitamin E status, remained decreased. Although the exact mechanism of interaction is unknown, this study shows that when providing vitamin supplements for captive pinnipeds, vitamin interactions must be considered. The vitamin A supplementation currently used by some institutions seems unnecessary and may have detrimental effects on vitamin E status.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45678652,"asset_id":13292605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32543634,"first_name":"Harold","last_name":"Furr","domain_name":"languages-uconn","page_name":"HaroldFurr","display_name":"Harold Furr","profile_url":"https://languages-uconn.academia.edu/HaroldFurr?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":1539158,"name":"Vitamin A Supplementation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vitamin_A_Supplementation?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13322217" data-work_id="13322217" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13322217/Detecting_alternate_foraging_ecotypes_in_Australian_sea_lion_Neophoca_cinerea_colonies_using_stable_isotope_analysis">Detecting alternate foraging ecotypes in Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) colonies using stable isotope analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Stable carbon (␦ 13 C) and nitrogen (␦ 15 N) isotopes are used frequently to describe the trophic ecology of top marine mammal predators. Australian sea lions (Neophoca cinerea) are one of the world's rarest otariid seals and exhibit the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13322217" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Stable carbon (␦ 13 C) and nitrogen (␦ 15 N) isotopes are used frequently to describe the trophic ecology of top marine mammal predators. Australian sea lions (Neophoca cinerea) are one of the world's rarest otariid seals and exhibit the highest levels of natal site philopatry of any seal. We report the development of a screening technique to identify different foraging ecotypes and assess their relative frequencies in Australian sea lion breeding colonies using stable isotope ratios in pups. Geospatial and dive data from 15 adult females at three breeding colonies revealed alternate foraging strategies (inshore and offshore foraging) that were reflected in significant changes in ␦ 13 C and ␦ 15 N. Isotope fractionation from mother to pup was validated using paired whisker and blood serum samples with no significant difference between ␦ 13 C and ␦ 15 N enrichment of +1.27 (whiskers) and +1.92 (blood serum) from mothers to pups. Isotope ratios from whisker samples representing over 50% of pups born at three colonies revealed significant intercolony differences in maternal foraging ecotype frequencies. These results are unique in that ecological partitioning over such a small spatial scale has not been described in any other otariid species.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13322217" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8a3b28d612583483f61438d601dbc37b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45465946,"asset_id":13322217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45465946/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32565571" href="https://npolar.academia.edu/AndrewLowther">Andrew Lowther</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32565571" type="text/json">{"id":32565571,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Lowther","domain_name":"npolar","page_name":"AndrewLowther","display_name":"Andrew Lowther","profile_url":"https://npolar.academia.edu/AndrewLowther?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32565571/9731325/10839848/s65_andrew.lowther.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13322217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13322217"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13322217, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13322217", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13322217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13322217; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13322217"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13322217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13322217"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13322217; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13322217]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13322217").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13322217").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13322217"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13322217]'), work: {"id":13322217,"title":"Detecting alternate foraging ecotypes in Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) colonies using stable isotope analysis","created_at":"2015-06-26T09:36:12.830-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13322217/Detecting_alternate_foraging_ecotypes_in_Australian_sea_lion_Neophoca_cinerea_colonies_using_stable_isotope_analysis?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_13322217","summary":"Stable carbon (␦ 13 C) and nitrogen (␦ 15 N) isotopes are used frequently to describe the trophic ecology of top marine mammal predators. Australian sea lions (Neophoca cinerea) are one of the world's rarest otariid seals and exhibit the highest levels of natal site philopatry of any seal. We report the development of a screening technique to identify different foraging ecotypes and assess their relative frequencies in Australian sea lion breeding colonies using stable isotope ratios in pups. Geospatial and dive data from 15 adult females at three breeding colonies revealed alternate foraging strategies (inshore and offshore foraging) that were reflected in significant changes in ␦ 13 C and ␦ 15 N. Isotope fractionation from mother to pup was validated using paired whisker and blood serum samples with no significant difference between ␦ 13 C and ␦ 15 N enrichment of +1.27 (whiskers) and +1.92 (blood serum) from mothers to pups. Isotope ratios from whisker samples representing over 50% of pups born at three colonies revealed significant intercolony differences in maternal foraging ecotype frequencies. These results are unique in that ecological partitioning over such a small spatial scale has not been described in any other otariid species.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45465946,"asset_id":13322217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32565571,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Lowther","domain_name":"npolar","page_name":"AndrewLowther","display_name":"Andrew Lowther","profile_url":"https://npolar.academia.edu/AndrewLowther?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32565571/9731325/10839848/s65_andrew.lowther.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59803172" data-work_id="59803172" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59803172/Diel_Variation_in_Migration_Rates_of_Eastern_Pacific_Gray_Whales_Measured_with_Thermal_Imaging_Sensors">Diel Variation in Migration Rates of Eastern Pacific Gray Whales Measured with Thermal Imaging Sensors</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59803172" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="48f4fd224eb44bbfe1f95b6758a23426" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73537256,"asset_id":59803172,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73537256/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="140267910" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WaynePerryman1">Wayne Perryman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="140267910" type="text/json">{"id":140267910,"first_name":"Wayne","last_name":"Perryman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WaynePerryman1","display_name":"Wayne Perryman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WaynePerryman1?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59803172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59803172"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59803172, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59803172", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_59803172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59803172; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_59803172"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_59803172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59803172"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59803172; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59803172]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_59803172").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_59803172").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="59803172"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4850" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration">Migration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4850" type="text/json">{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69270" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swimming_speed">Swimming speed</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69270" type="text/json">{"id":69270,"name":"Swimming speed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swimming_speed?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98643" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Imaging">Thermal Imaging</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="98643" type="text/json">{"id":98643,"name":"Thermal Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Imaging?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59803172]'), work: {"id":59803172,"title":"Diel Variation in Migration Rates of Eastern Pacific Gray Whales Measured with Thermal Imaging Sensors","created_at":"2021-10-24T07:20:43.313-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59803172/Diel_Variation_in_Migration_Rates_of_Eastern_Pacific_Gray_Whales_Measured_with_Thermal_Imaging_Sensors?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_59803172","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73537256,"asset_id":59803172,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":140267910,"first_name":"Wayne","last_name":"Perryman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WaynePerryman1","display_name":"Wayne Perryman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WaynePerryman1?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":69270,"name":"Swimming speed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swimming_speed?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":98643,"name":"Thermal Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Imaging?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":117886,"name":"Animal migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_migration?f_ri=126884"},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884"},{"id":132898,"name":"Estimation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estimation?f_ri=126884"},{"id":154483,"name":"Tropical Eastern Pacific","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Eastern_Pacific?f_ri=126884"},{"id":162645,"name":"Population Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Density?f_ri=126884"},{"id":335361,"name":"Infrared","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infrared?f_ri=126884"},{"id":337500,"name":"Velocity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Velocity?f_ri=126884"},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884"},{"id":1068601,"name":"Gray Whale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gray_Whale?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53388727" data-work_id="53388727" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53388727/The_Diet_of_the_Manatee_Trichechus_Manatus_in_Puerto_Rico">The Diet of the Manatee (Trichechus Manatus) in Puerto Rico</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53388727" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f5f5beeca8dc58c8c01f2b1fbf93ca3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70256987,"asset_id":53388727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70256987/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32605567" href="https://sginteramericanpr.academia.edu/AntonioMignuccigiannoni">Antonio Mignucci-giannoni</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32605567" type="text/json">{"id":32605567,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Mignucci-giannoni","domain_name":"sginteramericanpr","page_name":"AntonioMignuccigiannoni","display_name":"Antonio Mignucci-giannoni","profile_url":"https://sginteramericanpr.academia.edu/AntonioMignuccigiannoni?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53388727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53388727"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53388727, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53388727", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53388727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53388727; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53388727"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53388727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53388727"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53388727; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53388727]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53388727").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53388727").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53388727"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15346" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15346" type="text/json">{"id":15346,"name":"Puerto Rico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rico?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53388727]'), work: {"id":53388727,"title":"The Diet of the Manatee (Trichechus Manatus) in Puerto Rico","created_at":"2021-09-26T08:41:59.862-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53388727/The_Diet_of_the_Manatee_Trichechus_Manatus_in_Puerto_Rico?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_53388727","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70256987,"asset_id":53388727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32605567,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Mignucci-giannoni","domain_name":"sginteramericanpr","page_name":"AntonioMignuccigiannoni","display_name":"Antonio Mignucci-giannoni","profile_url":"https://sginteramericanpr.academia.edu/AntonioMignuccigiannoni?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":15346,"name":"Puerto Rico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rico?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15302592" data-work_id="15302592" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15302592/The_diets_of_humpback_whales_Megaptera_novaeangliae_on_the_shelf_and_oceanic_feeding_grounds_in_the_western_North_Pacific_inferred_from_stable_isotope_analysis">The diets of humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) on the shelf and oceanic feeding grounds in the western North Pacific inferred from stable isotope analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Humpback whales feed on a variety of prey, but significant differences likely occur between regional feeding grounds. In this study, the diets of humpback whales were analyzed by comparing stable isotope ratios in animal tissues at three... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15302592" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Humpback whales feed on a variety of prey, but significant differences likely occur between regional feeding grounds. In this study, the diets of humpback whales were analyzed by comparing stable isotope ratios in animal tissues at three humpback whale feeding grounds in the Russian Far East: Karaginsky Gulf, Anadyr Gulf, and the Commander Islands. Anadyr Gulf is a neritic zone far from a shelf break, Karaginsky Gulf is a neritic zone close to a shelf break, and the Commander Islands represent an open oceanic ecosystem where whales feed off the shelf break. Samples from the Commander Islands had the lowest mean d 13 C and d 15 N values (mean ± SE: d 13 C = −18.7 ± 0.1, d 15 N = 10.4 ± 0.1) compared to the samples from Karaginsky Gulf (d 13 C = −17.2 ± 0.1, d 15 N = 12.7 ± 0.2) and Anadyr Gulf (d 13 C= −17.8 ± 0.1, d 15 N = 14.0 ± 0.4). The samples from Anadyr Gulf had the highest d 15 N values, while the samples from Karaginsky Gulf had the highest d 13 C values. Both d 13 C and d 15 N values differed significantly among all three areas. Our data support the hypothesis that humpback whales tend to feed on fish in neritic areas and on plankton in deep oceanic waters.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15302592" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="53399ea161d5847e5b8015eaf4c1aa87" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43350524,"asset_id":15302592,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43350524/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34400099" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrianaWitteveen">Briana Witteveen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34400099" type="text/json">{"id":34400099,"first_name":"Briana","last_name":"Witteveen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrianaWitteveen","display_name":"Briana Witteveen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrianaWitteveen?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15302592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15302592"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15302592, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15302592", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15302592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15302592; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15302592"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15302592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15302592"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15302592; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15302592]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15302592").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15302592").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15302592"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7941" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stable_Isotopes">Stable Isotopes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7941" type="text/json">{"id":7941,"name":"Stable Isotopes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stable_Isotopes?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15302592]'), work: {"id":15302592,"title":"The diets of humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) on the shelf and oceanic feeding grounds in the western North Pacific inferred from stable isotope analysis","created_at":"2015-08-31T08:36:32.228-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15302592/The_diets_of_humpback_whales_Megaptera_novaeangliae_on_the_shelf_and_oceanic_feeding_grounds_in_the_western_North_Pacific_inferred_from_stable_isotope_analysis?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_15302592","summary":"Humpback whales feed on a variety of prey, but significant differences likely occur between regional feeding grounds. In this study, the diets of humpback whales were analyzed by comparing stable isotope ratios in animal tissues at three humpback whale feeding grounds in the Russian Far East: Karaginsky Gulf, Anadyr Gulf, and the Commander Islands. Anadyr Gulf is a neritic zone far from a shelf break, Karaginsky Gulf is a neritic zone close to a shelf break, and the Commander Islands represent an open oceanic ecosystem where whales feed off the shelf break. Samples from the Commander Islands had the lowest mean d 13 C and d 15 N values (mean ± SE: d 13 C = −18.7 ± 0.1, d 15 N = 10.4 ± 0.1) compared to the samples from Karaginsky Gulf (d 13 C = −17.2 ± 0.1, d 15 N = 12.7 ± 0.2) and Anadyr Gulf (d 13 C= −17.8 ± 0.1, d 15 N = 14.0 ± 0.4). The samples from Anadyr Gulf had the highest d 15 N values, while the samples from Karaginsky Gulf had the highest d 13 C values. Both d 13 C and d 15 N values differed significantly among all three areas. Our data support the hypothesis that humpback whales tend to feed on fish in neritic areas and on plankton in deep oceanic waters.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43350524,"asset_id":15302592,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34400099,"first_name":"Briana","last_name":"Witteveen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrianaWitteveen","display_name":"Briana Witteveen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrianaWitteveen?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":7941,"name":"Stable Isotopes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stable_Isotopes?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20482009" data-work_id="20482009" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20482009/Subsurface_behaviour_of_bottlenose_dolphins_Tursiops_truncatus_interacting_with_fish_trawl_nets_in_north_western_Australia">Subsurface behaviour of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) interacting with fish trawl nets in north-western Australia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Most studies of delphinid-trawler interactions have documented the surface behavior of dolphins feeding on discarded bycatch, but not their subsurface behavior around demersal trawl gear. Using video cameras mounted inside trawl nets, we... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20482009" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Most studies of delphinid-trawler interactions have documented the surface behavior of dolphins feeding on discarded bycatch, but not their subsurface behavior around demersal trawl gear. Using video cameras mounted inside trawl nets, we recorded the subsurface behavior of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in a demersal fish trawl fishery in northwestern Australia. Footage from 36 trawls across the fishery was analyzed to determine the extent of dolphin-gear interactions and the behavior of dolphins inside the nets. Interaction rates were high, with dolphins present inside and outside the nets during 29 and 34 trawls, respectively, and for up to 99% of the trawl duration. The proportion of foraging behaviors exhibited inside the nets was higher than the proportions of traveling and socializing behaviors. Twenty-nine individuals were identified inside the net, seven of which returned repeatedly within and between trawls and fishing trips, but were observed primarily in the same localized areas in which they were first recorded. Our results suggest that entering trawl nets may be a frequently occurring, yet specialized behavior exhibited by a small subset of trawler-associated dolphins. We propose that gear modifications, not spatial or temporal adjustments to fishing effort, have the greatest potential to reduce dolphin bycatch.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20482009" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d8db21b791f2f80a4aa6606eee8ad27" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41396803,"asset_id":20482009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41396803/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14332365" href="https://uwa.academia.edu/JessicaMeeuwig">Jessica Meeuwig</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14332365" type="text/json">{"id":14332365,"first_name":"Jessica","last_name":"Meeuwig","domain_name":"uwa","page_name":"JessicaMeeuwig","display_name":"Jessica Meeuwig","profile_url":"https://uwa.academia.edu/JessicaMeeuwig?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14332365/3921110/4584768/s65_jessica.meeuwig.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20482009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20482009"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20482009, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20482009", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20482009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20482009; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20482009"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20482009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20482009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20482009; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20482009]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20482009").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20482009").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20482009"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20482009]'), work: {"id":20482009,"title":"Subsurface behaviour of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) interacting with fish trawl nets in north-western Australia","created_at":"2016-01-22T00:29:27.700-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20482009/Subsurface_behaviour_of_bottlenose_dolphins_Tursiops_truncatus_interacting_with_fish_trawl_nets_in_north_western_Australia?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_20482009","summary":"Most studies of delphinid-trawler interactions have documented the surface behavior of dolphins feeding on discarded bycatch, but not their subsurface behavior around demersal trawl gear. Using video cameras mounted inside trawl nets, we recorded the subsurface behavior of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in a demersal fish trawl fishery in northwestern Australia. Footage from 36 trawls across the fishery was analyzed to determine the extent of dolphin-gear interactions and the behavior of dolphins inside the nets. Interaction rates were high, with dolphins present inside and outside the nets during 29 and 34 trawls, respectively, and for up to 99% of the trawl duration. The proportion of foraging behaviors exhibited inside the nets was higher than the proportions of traveling and socializing behaviors. Twenty-nine individuals were identified inside the net, seven of which returned repeatedly within and between trawls and fishing trips, but were observed primarily in the same localized areas in which they were first recorded. Our results suggest that entering trawl nets may be a frequently occurring, yet specialized behavior exhibited by a small subset of trawler-associated dolphins. We propose that gear modifications, not spatial or temporal adjustments to fishing effort, have the greatest potential to reduce dolphin bycatch.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41396803,"asset_id":20482009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14332365,"first_name":"Jessica","last_name":"Meeuwig","domain_name":"uwa","page_name":"JessicaMeeuwig","display_name":"Jessica Meeuwig","profile_url":"https://uwa.academia.edu/JessicaMeeuwig?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14332365/3921110/4584768/s65_jessica.meeuwig.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52354527" data-work_id="52354527" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52354527/Aspects_of_Growth_in_Captive_Killer_Whales_Orcinus_Orca_">Aspects of Growth in Captive Killer Whales (Orcinus Orca)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Morphometrics from 25 captive killer whales (1 1 captive-born) were collected at SeaWorld parks from 1984 to 1995 to determine age-specific growth parameters. For sexes combined, the body-volume index was the most accurate predictor of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52354527" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Morphometrics from 25 captive killer whales (1 1 captive-born) were collected at SeaWorld parks from 1984 to 1995 to determine age-specific growth parameters. For sexes combined, the body-volume index was the most accurate predictor of body weight. However, predicting weight from total length was appropriate, although it may underestimate weight of pregnant animals. Among captive-born calves, a Gompertz model was the best predictor of weight and length at age. Estimates for length and weight at birth were done using data from in utero and neonatal calves. For ages 1-5 yr, models indicate that males grew in both weight and length at slower rates. Growth rates in males may surpass those of females at approximately 5-6 yr of age.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52354527" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f79471f21ef8ff89fee686bbe410d168" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69657815,"asset_id":52354527,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69657815/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="148316965" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StevenClark38">Steven Clark</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="148316965" type="text/json">{"id":148316965,"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Clark","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StevenClark38","display_name":"Steven Clark","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StevenClark38?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/148316965/41003643/33383286/s65_steven.clark.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52354527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52354527"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52354527, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52354527", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_52354527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52354527; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_52354527"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_52354527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="52354527"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52354527; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=52354527]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_52354527").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_52354527").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="52354527"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history">Life history</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7666" type="text/json">{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19536" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphometry">Morphometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19536" type="text/json">{"id":19536,"name":"Morphometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphometry?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54961" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth">Growth</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="54961" type="text/json">{"id":54961,"name":"Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52354527]'), work: {"id":52354527,"title":"Aspects of Growth in Captive Killer Whales (Orcinus Orca)","created_at":"2021-09-14T14:14:40.444-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/52354527/Aspects_of_Growth_in_Captive_Killer_Whales_Orcinus_Orca_?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_52354527","summary":"Morphometrics from 25 captive killer whales (1 1 captive-born) were collected at SeaWorld parks from 1984 to 1995 to determine age-specific growth parameters. For sexes combined, the body-volume index was the most accurate predictor of body weight. However, predicting weight from total length was appropriate, although it may underestimate weight of pregnant animals. Among captive-born calves, a Gompertz model was the best predictor of weight and length at age. Estimates for length and weight at birth were done using data from in utero and neonatal calves. For ages 1-5 yr, models indicate that males grew in both weight and length at slower rates. Growth rates in males may surpass those of females at approximately 5-6 yr of age.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69657815,"asset_id":52354527,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":148316965,"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Clark","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StevenClark38","display_name":"Steven Clark","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StevenClark38?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/148316965/41003643/33383286/s65_steven.clark.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":19536,"name":"Morphometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphometry?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":54961,"name":"Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":66080,"name":"Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age?f_ri=126884"},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884"},{"id":804679,"name":"Orcinus Orca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orcinus_Orca?f_ri=126884"},{"id":1344927,"name":"Gompertz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gompertz?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33579384" data-work_id="33579384" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33579384/Mitochondrial_Dna_Variation_in_the_Critically_Endangered_Vaquita_Phocoena_Sinus_Norris_and_Macfarland_19581">Mitochondrial Dna Variation in the Critically Endangered Vaquita Phocoena Sinus Norris and Macfarland, 19581</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The vaquita, Phocoena sinlls, is one of two critically endangered cetacean species, and is listed as an endangered species in both the United States and Mexico. These listings result from a small population size, estimated to be 224... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33579384" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The vaquita, Phocoena sinlls, is one of two critically endangered cetacean species, and is listed as an endangered species in both the United States and Mexico. These listings result from a small population size, estimated to be 224 animals, and a rapid decline in abundance (18% per annum) thought to be caused by human activities. To characterize the genetic composition of the vaquita, we have sequenced a portion of the mitochondria1 DNA control region from 43 individuals collected between 1985 and 1993. All animals had identical sequences. While low genetic variability has been reported for cetacean species, this complete lack of polymorphism in the control region is unique. This result is concordant with the hypothesis that the evolutionary ' This paper is dedicated to Dr. Ken Norris who, among his many other contributions to * Present address: Patricia Rosel, National Ocean Service, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, marine mammal science, was one of the first to recognize the vaquita as a new species.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33579384" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f3d297b6476c25aa57c831f21bd340b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53602271,"asset_id":33579384,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53602271/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6132048" href="https://inecc.academia.edu/LorenzoRojasBracho">Lorenzo Rojas Bracho</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6132048" type="text/json">{"id":6132048,"first_name":"Lorenzo","last_name":"Rojas Bracho","domain_name":"inecc","page_name":"LorenzoRojasBracho","display_name":"Lorenzo Rojas Bracho","profile_url":"https://inecc.academia.edu/LorenzoRojasBracho?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33579384 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33579384"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33579384, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33579384", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33579384 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33579384; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33579384"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33579384 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33579384"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33579384; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33579384]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33579384").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33579384").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33579384"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4209" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Genetics">Conservation Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4209" type="text/json">{"id":4209,"name":"Conservation Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Genetics?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59399" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/mtDNA">mtDNA</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="59399" type="text/json">{"id":59399,"name":"mtDNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/mtDNA?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63093" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA">Mitochondrial DNA</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="63093" type="text/json">{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33579384]'), work: {"id":33579384,"title":"Mitochondrial Dna Variation in the Critically Endangered Vaquita Phocoena Sinus Norris and Macfarland, 19581","created_at":"2017-06-20T19:28:09.559-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33579384/Mitochondrial_Dna_Variation_in_the_Critically_Endangered_Vaquita_Phocoena_Sinus_Norris_and_Macfarland_19581?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_33579384","summary":"The vaquita, Phocoena sinlls, is one of two critically endangered cetacean species, and is listed as an endangered species in both the United States and Mexico. These listings result from a small population size, estimated to be 224 animals, and a rapid decline in abundance (18% per annum) thought to be caused by human activities. To characterize the genetic composition of the vaquita, we have sequenced a portion of the mitochondria1 DNA control region from 43 individuals collected between 1985 and 1993. All animals had identical sequences. While low genetic variability has been reported for cetacean species, this complete lack of polymorphism in the control region is unique. This result is concordant with the hypothesis that the evolutionary ' This paper is dedicated to Dr. Ken Norris who, among his many other contributions to * Present address: Patricia Rosel, National Ocean Service, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, marine mammal science, was one of the first to recognize the vaquita as a new species.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53602271,"asset_id":33579384,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6132048,"first_name":"Lorenzo","last_name":"Rojas Bracho","domain_name":"inecc","page_name":"LorenzoRojasBracho","display_name":"Lorenzo Rojas Bracho","profile_url":"https://inecc.academia.edu/LorenzoRojasBracho?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":4209,"name":"Conservation Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Genetics?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":59399,"name":"mtDNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/mtDNA?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15821583" data-work_id="15821583" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15821583/CANNABALISM_BY_GREY_SEALS_HALICHOERUS_GRYPUS_ON_AMET_ISLAND_NOVA_SCOTIA">CANNABALISM BY GREY SEALS, HALICHOERUS GRYPUS, ON AMET ISLAND, NOVA SCOTIA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15821583" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7aa181ebad3788acf712bf721b9229c0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42869543,"asset_id":15821583,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42869543/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35007088" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MikeHammill">Mike Hammill</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35007088" type="text/json">{"id":35007088,"first_name":"Mike","last_name":"Hammill","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MikeHammill","display_name":"Mike Hammill","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MikeHammill?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15821583 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15821583"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15821583, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15821583", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15821583 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15821583; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15821583"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15821583 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15821583"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15821583; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15821583]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15821583").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15821583").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15821583"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158066" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nova_Scotia">Nova Scotia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="158066" type="text/json">{"id":158066,"name":"Nova Scotia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nova_Scotia?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15821583]'), work: {"id":15821583,"title":"CANNABALISM BY GREY SEALS, HALICHOERUS GRYPUS, ON AMET ISLAND, NOVA SCOTIA","created_at":"2015-09-17T13:36:15.491-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15821583/CANNABALISM_BY_GREY_SEALS_HALICHOERUS_GRYPUS_ON_AMET_ISLAND_NOVA_SCOTIA?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_15821583","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42869543,"asset_id":15821583,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35007088,"first_name":"Mike","last_name":"Hammill","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MikeHammill","display_name":"Mike Hammill","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MikeHammill?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":158066,"name":"Nova Scotia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nova_Scotia?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6556505" data-work_id="6556505" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6556505/EXTERNAL_MORPHOLOGY_AND_PIGMENTATION_OF_THE_VAQUITA_PHOCOENA_SINUS_CETACEA_MAMMALIA">EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY AND PIGMENTATION OF THE VAQUITA, PHOCOENA SINUS (CETACEA: MAMMALIA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The vaquita, Phocoena sinus, is a porpoise in the family Phocoenidae that lives only in the Gulf of California. The external appearance of P. sinus was unknown until 13 fresh specimens were recently examined. The most obvious... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6556505" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The vaquita, Phocoena sinus, is a porpoise in the family Phocoenidae that lives only in the Gulf of California. The external appearance of P. sinus was unknown until 13 fresh specimens were recently examined. The most obvious morphological feature distinguishing P. sinus from its two congeners is the proportionately higher dorsal fin. The most striking features of the pigmentation pattern are the large black eye patches and the black upper and lower lip patches. In both areas, the pigmentation contrasts sharply with the surrounding light gray coloration. The total lengths of the specimens ranged from 70.3 cm (a neonate) to 143.5 cm (an adult female).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6556505" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fb81b2d8ad4d7af97cceb861cf84d234" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48810244,"asset_id":6556505,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48810244/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10523665" href="https://unam1.academia.edu/SilviaManzanillaNaim">Silvia R Manzanilla -Naim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10523665" type="text/json">{"id":10523665,"first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Manzanilla -Naim","domain_name":"unam1","page_name":"SilviaManzanillaNaim","display_name":"Silvia R Manzanilla -Naim","profile_url":"https://unam1.academia.edu/SilviaManzanillaNaim?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10523665/16970988/17173691/s65_silvia.manzanilla_-naim.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6556505 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6556505"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6556505, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6556505", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6556505 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6556505; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6556505"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6556505 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6556505"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6556505; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6556505]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6556505").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6556505").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6556505"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="726208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal">Marine Mammal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="726208" type="text/json">{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6556505]'), work: {"id":6556505,"title":"EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY AND PIGMENTATION OF THE VAQUITA, PHOCOENA SINUS (CETACEA: MAMMALIA","created_at":"2014-03-26T06:47:08.538-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6556505/EXTERNAL_MORPHOLOGY_AND_PIGMENTATION_OF_THE_VAQUITA_PHOCOENA_SINUS_CETACEA_MAMMALIA?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_6556505","summary":"The vaquita, Phocoena sinus, is a porpoise in the family Phocoenidae that lives only in the Gulf of California. The external appearance of P. sinus was unknown until 13 fresh specimens were recently examined. The most obvious morphological feature distinguishing P. sinus from its two congeners is the proportionately higher dorsal fin. The most striking features of the pigmentation pattern are the large black eye patches and the black upper and lower lip patches. In both areas, the pigmentation contrasts sharply with the surrounding light gray coloration. The total lengths of the specimens ranged from 70.3 cm (a neonate) to 143.5 cm (an adult female).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48810244,"asset_id":6556505,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10523665,"first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Manzanilla -Naim","domain_name":"unam1","page_name":"SilviaManzanillaNaim","display_name":"Silvia R Manzanilla -Naim","profile_url":"https://unam1.academia.edu/SilviaManzanillaNaim?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10523665/16970988/17173691/s65_silvia.manzanilla_-naim.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18800524" data-work_id="18800524" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18800524/Preliminary_analysis_of_the_social_structure_of_killer_whales_Orcinus_orca_at_subantarctic_Marion_Island">Preliminary analysis of the social structure of killer whales, Orcinus orca , at subantarctic Marion Island</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Studies of social differentiation between populations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) are important due to the cosmopolitan nature of the species, both in terms of distribution and feeding habits. The following research provides... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18800524" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Studies of social differentiation between populations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) are important due to the cosmopolitan nature of the species, both in terms of distribution and feeding habits. The following research provides preliminary findings describing the social structure of the killer whale, Orcinus orca, population at subantarctic Marion Island. We provide evidence for consistent, observable patterns of social interactions with animals associating and disassociating in nonrandom patterns. We show that the social structure of this population may follow a new pattern of association, displaying a blend of the traditional resident/transient model displayed in the Northern Hemisphere. However, we emphasize the critical need for further studies related to the sociality, biology, and life history of Southern Ocean killer whales.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18800524" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7fb60817033eadcaf7157ffc26e04b3f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40262046,"asset_id":18800524,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40262046/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38885053" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarthanBester">Marthan N Bester</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38885053" type="text/json">{"id":38885053,"first_name":"Marthan","last_name":"Bester","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarthanBester","display_name":"Marthan N Bester","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarthanBester?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18800524 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18800524"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18800524, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18800524", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18800524 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18800524; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18800524"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18800524 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18800524"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18800524; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18800524]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18800524").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18800524").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18800524"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55427" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Structure">Social Structure</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55427" type="text/json">{"id":55427,"name":"Social Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Structure?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="804679" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orcinus_Orca">Orcinus Orca</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="804679" type="text/json">{"id":804679,"name":"Orcinus Orca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orcinus_Orca?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18800524]'), work: {"id":18800524,"title":"Preliminary analysis of the social structure of killer whales, Orcinus orca , at subantarctic Marion Island","created_at":"2015-11-22T06:55:30.885-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18800524/Preliminary_analysis_of_the_social_structure_of_killer_whales_Orcinus_orca_at_subantarctic_Marion_Island?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_18800524","summary":"Studies of social differentiation between populations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) are important due to the cosmopolitan nature of the species, both in terms of distribution and feeding habits. The following research provides preliminary findings describing the social structure of the killer whale, Orcinus orca, population at subantarctic Marion Island. We provide evidence for consistent, observable patterns of social interactions with animals associating and disassociating in nonrandom patterns. We show that the social structure of this population may follow a new pattern of association, displaying a blend of the traditional resident/transient model displayed in the Northern Hemisphere. However, we emphasize the critical need for further studies related to the sociality, biology, and life history of Southern Ocean killer whales.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40262046,"asset_id":18800524,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38885053,"first_name":"Marthan","last_name":"Bester","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarthanBester","display_name":"Marthan N Bester","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarthanBester?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":55427,"name":"Social Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Structure?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":804679,"name":"Orcinus Orca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orcinus_Orca?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17445009" data-work_id="17445009" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17445009/A_noninvasive_sampling_method_for_genetic_analysis_of_the_West_Indian_manatee_Trichechus_manatus_">A noninvasive sampling method for genetic analysis of the West Indian manatee ( Trichechus manatus )</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17445009" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="962cd138c291f272357dd88aad787605" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42259484,"asset_id":17445009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42259484/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5017682" href="https://uc-cl.academia.edu/CristianBonacic">Cristian Bonacic</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5017682" type="text/json">{"id":5017682,"first_name":"Cristian","last_name":"Bonacic","domain_name":"uc-cl","page_name":"CristianBonacic","display_name":"Cristian Bonacic","profile_url":"https://uc-cl.academia.edu/CristianBonacic?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5017682/2179955/2555861/s65_cristian.bonacic.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17445009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17445009"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17445009, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17445009", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17445009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17445009; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17445009"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17445009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17445009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17445009; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17445009]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17445009").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17445009").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17445009"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73645" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sampling_methods">Sampling methods</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73645" type="text/json">{"id":73645,"name":"Sampling methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sampling_methods?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17445009]'), work: {"id":17445009,"title":"A noninvasive sampling method for genetic analysis of the West Indian manatee ( Trichechus manatus )","created_at":"2015-10-28T19:56:14.072-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17445009/A_noninvasive_sampling_method_for_genetic_analysis_of_the_West_Indian_manatee_Trichechus_manatus_?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_17445009","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42259484,"asset_id":17445009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5017682,"first_name":"Cristian","last_name":"Bonacic","domain_name":"uc-cl","page_name":"CristianBonacic","display_name":"Cristian Bonacic","profile_url":"https://uc-cl.academia.edu/CristianBonacic?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5017682/2179955/2555861/s65_cristian.bonacic.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":73645,"name":"Sampling methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sampling_methods?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1102650" data-work_id="1102650" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1102650/Dive_behavior_of_a_harbor_seal_Phoca_vitulina_richardii_in_the_presence_of_transient_killer_whales_Orcinus_orca_in_Glacier_Bay_National_Park_Alaska">Dive behavior of a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) in the presence of transient killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1102650" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2c4764522fdf8e456de7a4b3bb056253" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51102025,"asset_id":1102650,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51102025/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="962445" href="https://oregonstate.academia.edu/JamieWomble">Jamie Womble</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="962445" type="text/json">{"id":962445,"first_name":"Jamie","last_name":"Womble","domain_name":"oregonstate","page_name":"JamieWomble","display_name":"Jamie Womble","profile_url":"https://oregonstate.academia.edu/JamieWomble?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/962445/853225/1063209/s65_jamie.womble.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1102650 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1102650"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1102650, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1102650", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1102650 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1102650; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1102650"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1102650 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1102650"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1102650; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1102650]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1102650").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1102650").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1102650"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="284869" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Park">National Park</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="284869" type="text/json">{"id":284869,"name":"National Park","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Park?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="746733" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phoca_Vitulina">Phoca Vitulina</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="746733" type="text/json">{"id":746733,"name":"Phoca Vitulina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phoca_Vitulina?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1102650]'), work: {"id":1102650,"title":"Dive behavior of a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) in the presence of transient killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska","created_at":"2011-11-19T16:01:00.389-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1102650/Dive_behavior_of_a_harbor_seal_Phoca_vitulina_richardii_in_the_presence_of_transient_killer_whales_Orcinus_orca_in_Glacier_Bay_National_Park_Alaska?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_1102650","summary":"The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51102025,"asset_id":1102650,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":962445,"first_name":"Jamie","last_name":"Womble","domain_name":"oregonstate","page_name":"JamieWomble","display_name":"Jamie Womble","profile_url":"https://oregonstate.academia.edu/JamieWomble?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/962445/853225/1063209/s65_jamie.womble.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":284869,"name":"National Park","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Park?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":746733,"name":"Phoca Vitulina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phoca_Vitulina?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":804679,"name":"Orcinus Orca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orcinus_Orca?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22359707" data-work_id="22359707" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22359707/Detecting_Bioluminescence_With_an_Irradiance_Time_Depth_Recorder_Deployed_on_Southern_Elephant_Seals">Detecting Bioluminescence With an Irradiance Time-Depth Recorder Deployed on Southern Elephant Seals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22359707" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="de0bf4ea42aa3cd488d57d960be45f66" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42987637,"asset_id":22359707,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42987637/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31220840" href="https://wcs.academia.edu/ClaudioCampagna">Claudio Campagna</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31220840" type="text/json">{"id":31220840,"first_name":"Claudio","last_name":"Campagna","domain_name":"wcs","page_name":"ClaudioCampagna","display_name":"Claudio Campagna","profile_url":"https://wcs.academia.edu/ClaudioCampagna?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31220840/16656172/16952663/s65_claudio.campagna.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22359707 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22359707"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22359707, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22359707", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22359707 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22359707; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22359707"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22359707 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22359707"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22359707; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22359707]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22359707").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22359707").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22359707"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="76052" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depth">Depth</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="76052" type="text/json">{"id":76052,"name":"Depth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depth?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="107083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Method">Method</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="107083" type="text/json">{"id":107083,"name":"Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Method?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22359707]'), work: {"id":22359707,"title":"Detecting Bioluminescence With an Irradiance Time-Depth Recorder Deployed on Southern Elephant Seals","created_at":"2016-02-23T12:01:55.507-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22359707/Detecting_Bioluminescence_With_an_Irradiance_Time_Depth_Recorder_Deployed_on_Southern_Elephant_Seals?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_22359707","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42987637,"asset_id":22359707,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31220840,"first_name":"Claudio","last_name":"Campagna","domain_name":"wcs","page_name":"ClaudioCampagna","display_name":"Claudio Campagna","profile_url":"https://wcs.academia.edu/ClaudioCampagna?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31220840/16656172/16952663/s65_claudio.campagna.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":76052,"name":"Depth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depth?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":107083,"name":"Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Method?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":143827,"name":"Bioluminescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioluminescence?f_ri=126884"},{"id":381989,"name":"Irradiance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irradiance?f_ri=126884"},{"id":588785,"name":"Prey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prey?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47520742" data-work_id="47520742" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47520742/Seasonal_Movements_and_Dive_Patterns_of_Juvenile_Baikal_Seals_Phoca_Sibirica">Seasonal Movements and Dive Patterns of Juvenile Baikal Seals, Phoca Sibirica</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Baikal seal (Phoca sibirica) is confined to Lake Baikal in southern Siberia. The breeding distribution of seals in winter, when the lake is frozen over, is fairly well known, whereas their movements and foraging behaviors have been... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47520742" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Baikal seal (Phoca sibirica) is confined to Lake Baikal in southern Siberia. The breeding distribution of seals in winter, when the lake is frozen over, is fairly well known, whereas their movements and foraging behaviors have been relatively unstudied.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47520742" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="69091c8711232ba1ad2690d4b9292d5c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66570769,"asset_id":47520742,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66570769/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="164828147" href="https://sandiego.academia.edu/BrentStewart">Brent Stewart</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="164828147" type="text/json">{"id":164828147,"first_name":"Brent","last_name":"Stewart","domain_name":"sandiego","page_name":"BrentStewart","display_name":"Brent Stewart","profile_url":"https://sandiego.academia.edu/BrentStewart?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47520742 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47520742"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47520742, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47520742", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47520742 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47520742; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47520742"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47520742 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47520742"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47520742; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47520742]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47520742").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47520742").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47520742"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="726208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal">Marine Mammal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="726208" type="text/json">{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47520742]'), work: {"id":47520742,"title":"Seasonal Movements and Dive Patterns of Juvenile Baikal Seals, Phoca Sibirica","created_at":"2021-04-22T18:08:20.162-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47520742/Seasonal_Movements_and_Dive_Patterns_of_Juvenile_Baikal_Seals_Phoca_Sibirica?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_47520742","summary":"The Baikal seal (Phoca sibirica) is confined to Lake Baikal in southern Siberia. The breeding distribution of seals in winter, when the lake is frozen over, is fairly well known, whereas their movements and foraging behaviors have been relatively unstudied.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66570769,"asset_id":47520742,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":164828147,"first_name":"Brent","last_name":"Stewart","domain_name":"sandiego","page_name":"BrentStewart","display_name":"Brent Stewart","profile_url":"https://sandiego.academia.edu/BrentStewart?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2475947" data-work_id="2475947" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2475947/Requiem_for_Lipotes_An_evolutionary_perspective_on_marine_mammal_extinction">Requiem for Lipotes : An evolutionary perspective on marine mammal extinction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2475947" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="165021a69c55392eefb75d3e7bda0c27" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50605997,"asset_id":2475947,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50605997/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3227824" href="https://si.academia.edu/NicholasPyenson">Nicholas Pyenson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3227824" type="text/json">{"id":3227824,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Pyenson","domain_name":"si","page_name":"NicholasPyenson","display_name":"Nicholas Pyenson","profile_url":"https://si.academia.edu/NicholasPyenson?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3227824/1062683/1326790/s65_nicholas.pyenson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2475947 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2475947"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2475947, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2475947", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2475947 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2475947; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2475947"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2475947 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2475947"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2475947; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2475947]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2475947").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2475947").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2475947"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="726208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal">Marine Mammal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="726208" type="text/json">{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2475947]'), work: {"id":2475947,"title":"Requiem for Lipotes : An evolutionary perspective on marine mammal extinction","created_at":"2013-01-28T01:03:25.165-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2475947/Requiem_for_Lipotes_An_evolutionary_perspective_on_marine_mammal_extinction?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_2475947","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50605997,"asset_id":2475947,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3227824,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Pyenson","domain_name":"si","page_name":"NicholasPyenson","display_name":"Nicholas Pyenson","profile_url":"https://si.academia.edu/NicholasPyenson?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3227824/1062683/1326790/s65_nicholas.pyenson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27321037 coauthored" data-work_id="27321037" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27321037/Extreme_physiological_adaptations_as_predictors_of_climate_change_sensitivity_in_the_narwhal_Monodon_monoceros">Extreme physiological adaptations as predictors of climate-change sensitivity in the narwhal, Monodon monoceros</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Rapid changes in sea ice cover associated with global warming are poised to have marked impacts on polar marine mammals. Here we examine skeletal muscle characteristics supporting swimming and diving in one polar species, the narwhal, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27321037" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Rapid changes in sea ice cover associated with global warming are poised to have marked impacts on polar marine mammals. Here we examine skeletal muscle characteristics supporting swimming and diving in one polar species, the narwhal, and use these attributes to further document this cetacean's vulnerability to unpredictable sea ice conditions and changing ecosystems. We found that extreme morphological and physiological adaptations enabling year-round Arctic residency by narwhals limit behavioral flexibility for responding to alternations in sea ice. In contrast to the greyhound-like muscle profile of acrobatic odontocetes, the longissimus dorsi of narwhals is comprised of 86.8% ± 7.7% slow twitch oxidative fibers, resembling the endurance morph of human marathoners. Myoglobin content, 7.87 ± 1.72 g/100 g wet muscle, is one of the highest levels measured for marine mammals. Calculated maximum aerobic swimming distance between breathing holes in ice is <1,450 m, which permits routine use of only 2.6%-10.4% of ice-packed foraging grounds in Baffin Bay. These first measurements of narwhal exercise physiology reveal extreme specialization of skeletal muscles for moving in a challenging ecological niche. This study also demonstrates the power of using basic physiological attributes to predict species vulnerabilities to environmental perturbation before critical population disturbance occurs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27321037" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c6b4338d82af7c6a820bb919e87369d0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47577476,"asset_id":27321037,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47577476/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51522072" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MikeGlenn">Mike Glenn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51522072" type="text/json">{"id":51522072,"first_name":"Mike","last_name":"Glenn","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MikeGlenn","display_name":"Mike Glenn","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MikeGlenn?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-27321037">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-27321037"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShawnNoren">Shawn Noren</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-27321037'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-27321037').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27321037 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27321037"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27321037, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27321037", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27321037 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27321037; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27321037"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27321037 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27321037"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27321037; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27321037]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27321037").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27321037").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27321037"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27321037]'), work: {"id":27321037,"title":"Extreme physiological adaptations as predictors of climate-change sensitivity in the narwhal, Monodon monoceros","created_at":"2016-07-27T18:04:03.863-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27321037/Extreme_physiological_adaptations_as_predictors_of_climate_change_sensitivity_in_the_narwhal_Monodon_monoceros?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_27321037","summary":"Rapid changes in sea ice cover associated with global warming are poised to have marked impacts on polar marine mammals. Here we examine skeletal muscle characteristics supporting swimming and diving in one polar species, the narwhal, and use these attributes to further document this cetacean's vulnerability to unpredictable sea ice conditions and changing ecosystems. We found that extreme morphological and physiological adaptations enabling year-round Arctic residency by narwhals limit behavioral flexibility for responding to alternations in sea ice. In contrast to the greyhound-like muscle profile of acrobatic odontocetes, the longissimus dorsi of narwhals is comprised of 86.8% ± 7.7% slow twitch oxidative fibers, resembling the endurance morph of human marathoners. Myoglobin content, 7.87 ± 1.72 g/100 g wet muscle, is one of the highest levels measured for marine mammals. Calculated maximum aerobic swimming distance between breathing holes in ice is \u003c1,450 m, which permits routine use of only 2.6%-10.4% of ice-packed foraging grounds in Baffin Bay. These first measurements of narwhal exercise physiology reveal extreme specialization of skeletal muscles for moving in a challenging ecological niche. This study also demonstrates the power of using basic physiological attributes to predict species vulnerabilities to environmental perturbation before critical population disturbance occurs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47577476,"asset_id":27321037,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51522072,"first_name":"Mike","last_name":"Glenn","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MikeGlenn","display_name":"Mike Glenn","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MikeGlenn?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":51430518,"first_name":"Shawn","last_name":"Noren","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShawnNoren","display_name":"Shawn Noren","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShawnNoren?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13158087" data-work_id="13158087" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13158087/The_gunshot_sound_produced_by_male_North_Atlantic_right_whales_and_its_potential_function_in_reproductive_advertisement">The ‘‘gunshot’’ sound produced by male North Atlantic right whales and its potential function in reproductive advertisement</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">North Atlantic right whales (Eubdlaena gZ&alis) make a short, distinctive broadband sound that is produced internally called a Gunshot sound. This sound has been recorded in the Bay of Fundy, Canada from both single whales (n =9) and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13158087" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">North Atlantic right whales (Eubdlaena gZ&alis) make a short, distinctive broadband sound that is produced internally called a Gunshot sound. This sound has been recorded in the Bay of Fundy, Canada from both single whales (n =9) and social surface active groups (n=49). Those single whales producing Gunshot sounds whose sex could be determined (n = 9) were all mature males. Gunshot sounds were produced as part of a stereotyped behavioral sequence by these individuals, including frequent head-lifts and flipper slapping at the surface. In surface active groups, Gunshot sounds were commonly recorded when males were present in the group. The rate of production of Gunshot sounds was weakly correlated with the total number of males present in the group. Given the behavioral context of Gunshot sound production, and production of the sound only by male whales, Gunshots may function in a reproductive context as an advertisement signal to attract females, an agonistic signal directed toward other males, or a combination of the two functions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13158087" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cf6243c3f50c1007cae127a0a3959bce" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45678396,"asset_id":13158087,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45678396/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32407626" href="https://syr.academia.edu/SusanParks">Susan Parks</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32407626" type="text/json">{"id":32407626,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Parks","domain_name":"syr","page_name":"SusanParks","display_name":"Susan Parks","profile_url":"https://syr.academia.edu/SusanParks?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13158087 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13158087"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13158087, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13158087", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13158087 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13158087; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13158087"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13158087 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13158087"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13158087; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13158087]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13158087").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13158087").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13158087"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82675" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_Atlantic">North Atlantic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="82675" type="text/json">{"id":82675,"name":"North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_Atlantic?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13158087]'), work: {"id":13158087,"title":"The ‘‘gunshot’’ sound produced by male North Atlantic right whales and its potential function in reproductive advertisement","created_at":"2015-06-21T18:19:25.244-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13158087/The_gunshot_sound_produced_by_male_North_Atlantic_right_whales_and_its_potential_function_in_reproductive_advertisement?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_13158087","summary":"North Atlantic right whales (Eubdlaena gZ\u0026alis) make a short, distinctive broadband sound that is produced internally called a Gunshot sound. This sound has been recorded in the Bay of Fundy, Canada from both single whales (n =9) and social surface active groups (n=49). Those single whales producing Gunshot sounds whose sex could be determined (n = 9) were all mature males. Gunshot sounds were produced as part of a stereotyped behavioral sequence by these individuals, including frequent head-lifts and flipper slapping at the surface. In surface active groups, Gunshot sounds were commonly recorded when males were present in the group. The rate of production of Gunshot sounds was weakly correlated with the total number of males present in the group. Given the behavioral context of Gunshot sound production, and production of the sound only by male whales, Gunshots may function in a reproductive context as an advertisement signal to attract females, an agonistic signal directed toward other males, or a combination of the two functions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45678396,"asset_id":13158087,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32407626,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Parks","domain_name":"syr","page_name":"SusanParks","display_name":"Susan Parks","profile_url":"https://syr.academia.edu/SusanParks?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":82675,"name":"North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_Atlantic?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":353415,"name":"Potential Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potential_Function?f_ri=126884"},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28751896" data-work_id="28751896" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28751896/Underwater_Sounds_of_Blue_Whales_Balaenoptera_Musculus_in_the_Gulf_of_California_Mexico">Underwater Sounds of Blue Whales, Balaenoptera Musculus, in the Gulf of California, Mexico</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28751896" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b169d8329eff631da77851d232257247" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49166504,"asset_id":28751896,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49166504/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53730549" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LloydFindley">Lloyd Findley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53730549" type="text/json">{"id":53730549,"first_name":"Lloyd","last_name":"Findley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LloydFindley","display_name":"Lloyd Findley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LloydFindley?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/53730549/27131254/25542004/s65_lloyd.findley.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28751896 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28751896"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28751896, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28751896", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28751896 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28751896; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28751896"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28751896 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28751896"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28751896; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28751896]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28751896").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28751896").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28751896"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="609455" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_of_California">Gulf of California</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="609455" type="text/json">{"id":609455,"name":"Gulf of California","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_of_California?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="726208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal">Marine Mammal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="726208" type="text/json">{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28751896]'), work: {"id":28751896,"title":"Underwater Sounds of Blue Whales, Balaenoptera Musculus, in the Gulf of California, Mexico","created_at":"2016-09-27T16:11:07.370-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28751896/Underwater_Sounds_of_Blue_Whales_Balaenoptera_Musculus_in_the_Gulf_of_California_Mexico?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_28751896","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49166504,"asset_id":28751896,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53730549,"first_name":"Lloyd","last_name":"Findley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LloydFindley","display_name":"Lloyd Findley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LloydFindley?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/53730549/27131254/25542004/s65_lloyd.findley.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":609455,"name":"Gulf of California","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_of_California?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14088221" data-work_id="14088221" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14088221/Consequences_of_injuries_on_survival_and_reproduction_of_common_bottlenose_dolphins_Tursiops_truncatus_along_the_west_coast_of_Florida">Consequences of injuries on survival and reproduction of common bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) along the west coast of Florida</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Accurate identification of human-induced injuries that lead to death or interfere with reproduction is important for marine mammal management, as deaths exceeding established limits can lead to restrictions on fisheries or vessel... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14088221" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Accurate identification of human-induced injuries that lead to death or interfere with reproduction is important for marine mammal management, as deaths exceeding established limits can lead to restrictions on fisheries or vessel operations. The fates of cetaceans last seen swimming with attached gear, particularly in pelagic fisheries, or with vessel strike lacerations, have been difficult to predict. Survival and reproduction data from long-term research on resident common bottlenose dolphins near Sarasota, Florida were examined relative to consequences of fishing gear ingestion, line entanglements, vessel strikes, and amputations of unknown origins. Fishing hooks embedded in the throat, goosebeak, or esophagus, or line wrapped around the goosebeak, generally lead to death. Multiple, constrictive line wraps around fin insertions can lead to amputation, blood loss, impaired mobility, or infection. Dolphins with ingested gear or severe entanglements may swim away with the gear, but likely die later. Propeller injuries involving only soft tissue were often survivable. Some dolphins survived amputations of the distal ends of fins, and continued to reproduce. As a precautionary approach, dolphins with ingested gear or severe constrictive entanglements should be considered mortalities, but extrapolations of findings from coastal bottlenose dolphins to other cetaceans and different gear must be done with caution.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14088221" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fdc7090cfa7664e4332daf12072a1215" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44617051,"asset_id":14088221,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44617051/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33098126" href="https://csuchico.academia.edu/MichaelScott">Michael Scott</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33098126" type="text/json">{"id":33098126,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Scott","domain_name":"csuchico","page_name":"MichaelScott","display_name":"Michael Scott","profile_url":"https://csuchico.academia.edu/MichaelScott?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14088221 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14088221"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14088221, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14088221", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14088221 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14088221; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14088221"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14088221 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14088221"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14088221; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14088221]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14088221").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14088221").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14088221"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179729" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bottlenose_dolphin">Bottlenose dolphin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="179729" type="text/json">{"id":179729,"name":"Bottlenose dolphin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bottlenose_dolphin?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="283971" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tursiops_truncatus">Tursiops truncatus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="283971" type="text/json">{"id":283971,"name":"Tursiops truncatus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tursiops_truncatus?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14088221]'), work: {"id":14088221,"title":"Consequences of injuries on survival and reproduction of common bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) along the west coast of Florida","created_at":"2015-07-15T14:20:13.759-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14088221/Consequences_of_injuries_on_survival_and_reproduction_of_common_bottlenose_dolphins_Tursiops_truncatus_along_the_west_coast_of_Florida?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_14088221","summary":"Accurate identification of human-induced injuries that lead to death or interfere with reproduction is important for marine mammal management, as deaths exceeding established limits can lead to restrictions on fisheries or vessel operations. The fates of cetaceans last seen swimming with attached gear, particularly in pelagic fisheries, or with vessel strike lacerations, have been difficult to predict. Survival and reproduction data from long-term research on resident common bottlenose dolphins near Sarasota, Florida were examined relative to consequences of fishing gear ingestion, line entanglements, vessel strikes, and amputations of unknown origins. Fishing hooks embedded in the throat, goosebeak, or esophagus, or line wrapped around the goosebeak, generally lead to death. Multiple, constrictive line wraps around fin insertions can lead to amputation, blood loss, impaired mobility, or infection. Dolphins with ingested gear or severe entanglements may swim away with the gear, but likely die later. Propeller injuries involving only soft tissue were often survivable. Some dolphins survived amputations of the distal ends of fins, and continued to reproduce. As a precautionary approach, dolphins with ingested gear or severe constrictive entanglements should be considered mortalities, but extrapolations of findings from coastal bottlenose dolphins to other cetaceans and different gear must be done with caution.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44617051,"asset_id":14088221,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33098126,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Scott","domain_name":"csuchico","page_name":"MichaelScott","display_name":"Michael Scott","profile_url":"https://csuchico.academia.edu/MichaelScott?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":179729,"name":"Bottlenose dolphin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bottlenose_dolphin?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":283971,"name":"Tursiops truncatus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tursiops_truncatus?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10939685" data-work_id="10939685" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10939685/PREHENSILE_USE_OF_PERIORAL_BRISTLES_DURING_FEEDING_AND_ASSOCIATED_BEHAVIORS_OF_THE_FLORIDA_MANATEE_TRICHECHUS_MANATUS_LATIROSTRIS_">PREHENSILE USE OF PERIORAL BRISTLES DURING FEEDING AND ASSOCIATED BEHAVIORS OF THE FLORIDA MANATEE (TRICHECHUS MANATUS LATIROSTRIS)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The use of perioral bristles (modified vibrissae) by 17 captive Florida manatees and approximately 20 wild manatees was analyzed. Captive manatees were fed six species of aquatic vegetation normally eaten in the wild (four freshwater... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10939685" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The use of perioral bristles (modified vibrissae) by 17 captive Florida manatees and approximately 20 wild manatees was analyzed. Captive manatees were fed six species of aquatic vegetation normally eaten in the wild (four freshwater species and two seagrasses). Inanimate objects were placed in the holding tanks with manatees at Lowry Park Zoological Gardens (Tampa, FL) to determine the degree to which perioral bristles were used in exploration and to define the range of manipulative behavior. In addition, behavioral observations were made on the use of perioral bristles during social interactions with conspecifics. Observations were recorded using a Hi8-format video camera. Florida manatees possess an unusually large degree of fine motor control of the snout and perioral bristles. The large and robust perioral bristle fields of the upper lip were used in a prehensile manner during feeding. Bristle use by manatees feeding on submerged vegetation differed from that seen during feeding on floating vegetation. Other behavioral use of the perioral bristles shows variation depending upon the situation encountered. The degree of plasticity of perioral bristle use supports our hypothesis that the vibrissal-muscular complex of the Florida manatee has evolved to increase the efficiency of grazing and browsing on aquatic vegetation and to fully maximize the potential of the manatee as a generalist feeder. The manipulative and sensitive nature of the manatee snout is likely a manifestation of a complex sensory and motor system which has evolved for marine mammal aquatic herbivores living in shallow turbid habitats.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10939685" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4354983fb487c1b2e3f111d53793ea29" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47011667,"asset_id":10939685,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47011667/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26520656" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VirginiaEdmonds">Virginia Edmonds</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26520656" type="text/json">{"id":26520656,"first_name":"Virginia","last_name":"Edmonds","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VirginiaEdmonds","display_name":"Virginia Edmonds","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VirginiaEdmonds?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26520656/7370676/8286463/s65_virginia.edmonds.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10939685 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10939685"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10939685, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10939685", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10939685 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10939685; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10939685"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10939685 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10939685"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10939685; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10939685]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10939685").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10939685").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10939685"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="726208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal">Marine Mammal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="726208" type="text/json">{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10939685]'), work: {"id":10939685,"title":"PREHENSILE USE OF PERIORAL BRISTLES DURING FEEDING AND ASSOCIATED BEHAVIORS OF THE FLORIDA MANATEE (TRICHECHUS MANATUS LATIROSTRIS)","created_at":"2015-02-19T12:21:45.556-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10939685/PREHENSILE_USE_OF_PERIORAL_BRISTLES_DURING_FEEDING_AND_ASSOCIATED_BEHAVIORS_OF_THE_FLORIDA_MANATEE_TRICHECHUS_MANATUS_LATIROSTRIS_?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_10939685","summary":"The use of perioral bristles (modified vibrissae) by 17 captive Florida manatees and approximately 20 wild manatees was analyzed. Captive manatees were fed six species of aquatic vegetation normally eaten in the wild (four freshwater species and two seagrasses). Inanimate objects were placed in the holding tanks with manatees at Lowry Park Zoological Gardens (Tampa, FL) to determine the degree to which perioral bristles were used in exploration and to define the range of manipulative behavior. In addition, behavioral observations were made on the use of perioral bristles during social interactions with conspecifics. Observations were recorded using a Hi8-format video camera. Florida manatees possess an unusually large degree of fine motor control of the snout and perioral bristles. The large and robust perioral bristle fields of the upper lip were used in a prehensile manner during feeding. Bristle use by manatees feeding on submerged vegetation differed from that seen during feeding on floating vegetation. Other behavioral use of the perioral bristles shows variation depending upon the situation encountered. The degree of plasticity of perioral bristle use supports our hypothesis that the vibrissal-muscular complex of the Florida manatee has evolved to increase the efficiency of grazing and browsing on aquatic vegetation and to fully maximize the potential of the manatee as a generalist feeder. The manipulative and sensitive nature of the manatee snout is likely a manifestation of a complex sensory and motor system which has evolved for marine mammal aquatic herbivores living in shallow turbid habitats.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47011667,"asset_id":10939685,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26520656,"first_name":"Virginia","last_name":"Edmonds","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VirginiaEdmonds","display_name":"Virginia Edmonds","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VirginiaEdmonds?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26520656/7370676/8286463/s65_virginia.edmonds.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52331743 coauthored" data-work_id="52331743" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52331743/First_documentation_of_long_distance_travel_by_a_Florida_manatee_to_the_Mexican_Caribbean">First documentation of long-distance travel by a Florida manatee to the Mexican Caribbean</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) are separated into two allopatric subspecies: the Florida manatee (T. m. latirostris) and the Antillean manatee (T. m. manatus). In the winter of 2020-2021, an adult manatee was sighted off the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52331743" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) are separated into two allopatric subspecies: the Florida manatee (T. m. latirostris) and the Antillean manatee (T. m. manatus). In the winter of 2020-2021, an adult manatee was sighted off the coast of Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico, in areas where Antillean manatees are not typically seen. The individual had distinct watercraft scars on its body, which were matched using photo-identification to a known male Florida manatee (PE424) that had been repeatedly photographed in Florida since 1998. This is the first record of a Florida manatee visiting the Mexican Caribbean. Previous reports of individuals from this subspecies in Cuba, combined with genetic evidence, suggest some level of connectivity among geographically separated manatee populations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52331743" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9a71abe0abdafb80db7b43e2ad747c8a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69645793,"asset_id":52331743,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69645793/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2540016" href="https://mote.academia.edu/EricAngelRamos">Eric Angel Ramos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2540016" type="text/json">{"id":2540016,"first_name":"Eric Angel","last_name":"Ramos","domain_name":"mote","page_name":"EricAngelRamos","display_name":"Eric Angel Ramos","profile_url":"https://mote.academia.edu/EricAngelRamos?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2540016/791360/18061970/s65_eric.ramos.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-52331743">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-52331743"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ecosu.academia.edu/NatalyCastelblancoMart%C3%ADnez">Nataly Castelblanco Martínez</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-52331743'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-52331743').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52331743 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52331743"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52331743, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52331743", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_52331743 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52331743; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_52331743"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_52331743 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="52331743"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52331743; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=52331743]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_52331743").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_52331743").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="52331743"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammals">Marine Mammals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13797" type="text/json">{"id":13797,"name":"Marine Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammals?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22837" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammalogy">Marine Mammalogy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22837" type="text/json">{"id":22837,"name":"Marine Mammalogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammalogy?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36756" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_mammals_Marine_Conservation_">Marine mammals (Marine Conservation)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36756" type="text/json">{"id":36756,"name":"Marine mammals (Marine Conservation)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_mammals_Marine_Conservation_?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="75054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manatees">Manatees</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="75054" type="text/json">{"id":75054,"name":"Manatees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manatees?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52331743]'), work: {"id":52331743,"title":"First documentation of long-distance travel by a Florida manatee to the Mexican Caribbean","created_at":"2021-09-14T10:32:05.011-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/52331743/First_documentation_of_long_distance_travel_by_a_Florida_manatee_to_the_Mexican_Caribbean?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_52331743","summary":"West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) are separated into two allopatric subspecies: the Florida manatee (T. m. latirostris) and the Antillean manatee (T. m. manatus). In the winter of 2020-2021, an adult manatee was sighted off the coast of Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico, in areas where Antillean manatees are not typically seen. The individual had distinct watercraft scars on its body, which were matched using photo-identification to a known male Florida manatee (PE424) that had been repeatedly photographed in Florida since 1998. This is the first record of a Florida manatee visiting the Mexican Caribbean. Previous reports of individuals from this subspecies in Cuba, combined with genetic evidence, suggest some level of connectivity among geographically separated manatee populations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69645793,"asset_id":52331743,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2540016,"first_name":"Eric Angel","last_name":"Ramos","domain_name":"mote","page_name":"EricAngelRamos","display_name":"Eric Angel Ramos","profile_url":"https://mote.academia.edu/EricAngelRamos?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2540016/791360/18061970/s65_eric.ramos.jpg"},{"id":24282957,"first_name":"Nataly","last_name":"Castelblanco Martínez","domain_name":"ecosu","page_name":"NatalyCastelblancoMartínez","display_name":"Nataly Castelblanco Martínez","profile_url":"https://ecosu.academia.edu/NatalyCastelblancoMart%C3%ADnez?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24282957/8874510/9905851/s65_nataly.castelblanco_mart_nez.jpg_oh_24094868f7d51bde58ee08ebf5fbb5f0_oe_559b4bce___gda___1440927875_ab55dd53c932dfa0e2e4b3b8025ebb69"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13797,"name":"Marine Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammals?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":22837,"name":"Marine Mammalogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammalogy?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":36756,"name":"Marine mammals (Marine Conservation)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_mammals_Marine_Conservation_?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":75054,"name":"Manatees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manatees?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884"},{"id":189028,"name":"Marine Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Sciences?f_ri=126884"},{"id":198051,"name":"Sirenians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sirenians?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29381725" data-work_id="29381725" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29381725/Killer_Whale_Orcinus_Orca_Predation_on_Dusky_Dolphins_Lagenorhynchus_Obscurus_in_Kaikoura_New_Zealand">Killer Whale (Orcinus Orca) Predation on Dusky Dolphins (Lagenorhynchus Obscurus) in Kaikoura, New Zealand</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29381725" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="54db5f67691ddeee723a9e89aaab8beb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49824420,"asset_id":29381725,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49824420/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="55505563" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IngridVisser">Ingrid N Visser</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="55505563" type="text/json">{"id":55505563,"first_name":"Ingrid","last_name":"Visser","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IngridVisser","display_name":"Ingrid N Visser","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IngridVisser?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55505563/14624155/15473314/s65_ingrid.visser.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29381725 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29381725"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29381725, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29381725", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29381725 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29381725; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29381725"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29381725 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29381725"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29381725; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29381725]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29381725").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29381725").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29381725"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="116108" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="116108" type="text/json">{"id":116108,"name":"New Zealand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Zealand?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="804679" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orcinus_Orca">Orcinus Orca</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="804679" type="text/json">{"id":804679,"name":"Orcinus Orca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orcinus_Orca?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29381725]'), work: {"id":29381725,"title":"Killer Whale (Orcinus Orca) Predation on Dusky Dolphins (Lagenorhynchus Obscurus) in Kaikoura, New Zealand","created_at":"2016-10-23T22:58:48.564-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29381725/Killer_Whale_Orcinus_Orca_Predation_on_Dusky_Dolphins_Lagenorhynchus_Obscurus_in_Kaikoura_New_Zealand?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_29381725","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49824420,"asset_id":29381725,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":55505563,"first_name":"Ingrid","last_name":"Visser","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IngridVisser","display_name":"Ingrid N Visser","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IngridVisser?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55505563/14624155/15473314/s65_ingrid.visser.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":116108,"name":"New Zealand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Zealand?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":804679,"name":"Orcinus Orca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orcinus_Orca?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15823364" data-work_id="15823364" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15823364/FEEDING_BEHAVIOR_OF_A_HUMPBACK_WHALE_IN_LOW_LATITUDE_WATERS">FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF A HUMPBACK WHALE IN LOW-LATITUDE WATERS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Data gathered from both direct observations and from whaling catches indicate that humpbacks do not feed while on their tropical breeding grounds, but instead subsist on the large reserves of fat stored in their blubber (Slijper 1962,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15823364" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Data gathered from both direct observations and from whaling catches indicate that humpbacks do not feed while on their tropical breeding grounds, but instead subsist on the large reserves of fat stored in their blubber (Slijper 1962, Brodie 1975. Examination of thousands of humpbacks caught in tropical regions, or on presumed migratory routes in sub-tropical waters, has consistently shown an absence of, or negligible amount of, prey organisms in the stomach (Chittleborough 1965, Dawbin 1966. Furthermore, whaling catch data clearly show that whales in late winter or early spring weighed significantly less and yielded fewer barrels of oil than animals of similar lengths killed during the summer feeding season (Lockyer 198 1). Stone et al. ( 1987) suggest that the presence of humpbacks at Bermuda, a way-point during the springtime northward migration, may be attributed to increased food availability, providing the first opportunity to feed after the wintering ground fast. These data, in combination with extensive behavioral observations made in the West Indies, demonstrate that humpback feeding behavior is highly seasonal, and a rare occurrence during the period of residency in low-latitude waters. For the record, however, we report here on a humpback whale observed feeding in one of the principal habitats of the West Indies breeding range. We also present more equivocal observations of apparent feeding by four other whales in the same area.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15823364" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c4aaeac2fff452a6cb08a8ebb43de955" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42867566,"asset_id":15823364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42867566/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35007922" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LisaBaraff">Lisa Baraff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35007922" type="text/json">{"id":35007922,"first_name":"Lisa","last_name":"Baraff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LisaBaraff","display_name":"Lisa Baraff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LisaBaraff?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15823364 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15823364"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15823364, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15823364", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15823364 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15823364; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15823364"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15823364 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15823364"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15823364; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15823364]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15823364").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15823364").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15823364"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="202574" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Behavior">Feeding Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="202574" type="text/json">{"id":202574,"name":"Feeding Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Behavior?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="647383" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humpback_whale">Humpback whale</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="647383" type="text/json">{"id":647383,"name":"Humpback whale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humpback_whale?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15823364]'), work: {"id":15823364,"title":"FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF A HUMPBACK WHALE IN LOW-LATITUDE WATERS","created_at":"2015-09-17T14:12:22.209-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15823364/FEEDING_BEHAVIOR_OF_A_HUMPBACK_WHALE_IN_LOW_LATITUDE_WATERS?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_15823364","summary":"Data gathered from both direct observations and from whaling catches indicate that humpbacks do not feed while on their tropical breeding grounds, but instead subsist on the large reserves of fat stored in their blubber (Slijper 1962, Brodie 1975. Examination of thousands of humpbacks caught in tropical regions, or on presumed migratory routes in sub-tropical waters, has consistently shown an absence of, or negligible amount of, prey organisms in the stomach (Chittleborough 1965, Dawbin 1966. Furthermore, whaling catch data clearly show that whales in late winter or early spring weighed significantly less and yielded fewer barrels of oil than animals of similar lengths killed during the summer feeding season (Lockyer 198 1). Stone et al. ( 1987) suggest that the presence of humpbacks at Bermuda, a way-point during the springtime northward migration, may be attributed to increased food availability, providing the first opportunity to feed after the wintering ground fast. These data, in combination with extensive behavioral observations made in the West Indies, demonstrate that humpback feeding behavior is highly seasonal, and a rare occurrence during the period of residency in low-latitude waters. For the record, however, we report here on a humpback whale observed feeding in one of the principal habitats of the West Indies breeding range. We also present more equivocal observations of apparent feeding by four other whales in the same area.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42867566,"asset_id":15823364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35007922,"first_name":"Lisa","last_name":"Baraff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LisaBaraff","display_name":"Lisa Baraff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LisaBaraff?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":202574,"name":"Feeding Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Behavior?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":647383,"name":"Humpback whale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humpback_whale?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16891206" data-work_id="16891206" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16891206/Humpback_whale_song_hierarchical_structure_Historical_context_and_discussion_of_current_classification_issues">Humpback whale song hierarchical structure: Historical context and discussion of current classification issues</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Consistent and well-defined criteria for the classification and measurement of humpback whale song features are essential for robust comparisons between investigators. Song structure terminology has been well-established and used by many... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16891206" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Consistent and well-defined criteria for the classification and measurement of humpback whale song features are essential for robust comparisons between investigators. Song structure terminology has been well-established and used by many authors, though at times inconsistently. This review discusses the development of the nomenclature describing humpback song and explores the potential significance of the often-overlooked variation in song patterns. Within the hierarchical definition of humpback song, the most problematic issues arise from the inconsistent delineation of phrase types, and the use of the metric of song duration without regards to variability in thematic sequence. With regards to the former, a set of guidelines is suggested to facilitate consistent delineation of phrases. With regards to the latter, current research demonstrates that the "song duration" metric has resulted in the disregard of variability at this level, which is more widespread than traditionally reported. An exemplar case is used to highlight the problem inherent in defining and measuring song duration. Humpback song is evaluated within the framework of avian songbird research, and a shift in analysis paradigm is recommended, towards phrase-based analyses in which sequences of phrases are treated as a salient feature of song pattern.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16891206" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c718224c56f3124a8fff0a5410b40042" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39241410,"asset_id":16891206,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39241410/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11021774" href="https://ufrn.academia.edu/RenataSSousaLima">Renata S. Sousa-Lima</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11021774" type="text/json">{"id":11021774,"first_name":"Renata S.","last_name":"Sousa-Lima","domain_name":"ufrn","page_name":"RenataSSousaLima","display_name":"Renata S. Sousa-Lima","profile_url":"https://ufrn.academia.edu/RenataSSousaLima?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11021774/3999573/6924965/s65_renata_s..sousa-lima.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16891206 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16891206"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16891206, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16891206", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16891206 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16891206; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16891206"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16891206 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16891206"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16891206; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16891206]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16891206").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16891206").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16891206"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16891206]'), work: {"id":16891206,"title":"Humpback whale song hierarchical structure: Historical context and discussion of current classification issues","created_at":"2015-10-16T16:28:52.362-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16891206/Humpback_whale_song_hierarchical_structure_Historical_context_and_discussion_of_current_classification_issues?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_16891206","summary":"Consistent and well-defined criteria for the classification and measurement of humpback whale song features are essential for robust comparisons between investigators. Song structure terminology has been well-established and used by many authors, though at times inconsistently. This review discusses the development of the nomenclature describing humpback song and explores the potential significance of the often-overlooked variation in song patterns. Within the hierarchical definition of humpback song, the most problematic issues arise from the inconsistent delineation of phrase types, and the use of the metric of song duration without regards to variability in thematic sequence. With regards to the former, a set of guidelines is suggested to facilitate consistent delineation of phrases. With regards to the latter, current research demonstrates that the \"song duration\" metric has resulted in the disregard of variability at this level, which is more widespread than traditionally reported. An exemplar case is used to highlight the problem inherent in defining and measuring song duration. Humpback song is evaluated within the framework of avian songbird research, and a shift in analysis paradigm is recommended, towards phrase-based analyses in which sequences of phrases are treated as a salient feature of song pattern.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39241410,"asset_id":16891206,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11021774,"first_name":"Renata S.","last_name":"Sousa-Lima","domain_name":"ufrn","page_name":"RenataSSousaLima","display_name":"Renata S. Sousa-Lima","profile_url":"https://ufrn.academia.edu/RenataSSousaLima?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11021774/3999573/6924965/s65_renata_s..sousa-lima.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2001066" data-work_id="2001066" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2001066/How_a_harbor_seal_sees_the_night_sky">How a harbor seal sees the night sky</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Astronavigation is a possible mechanism of offshore orientation in marine mammals. However, the basic prerequisite for astronavigation is to see enough stars of the night sky. This cannot be taken for granted in seals as, due to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2001066" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Astronavigation is a possible mechanism of offshore orientation in marine mammals. However, the basic prerequisite for astronavigation is to see enough stars of the night sky. This cannot be taken for granted in seals as, due to adaptations of their dioptric apparatus to the optical properties of water, seals are supposed to be myopic and astigmatic when out of the water under low light conditions. Using various real and artificial stars in a go/no-go response paradigm we therefore determined the minimum brightness at which a harbor seal (Phocu vztulinu) can detect stars. The dark-adapted seal was trained to look through an empty tube ("seal telescope") and to retract its head only when a star appeared at the opposite aperture. The seal reliably detected Venus or Sirius becoming suddenly visible when the telescope was moved across the night sky. Detection thresholds were determined using artificial stars (parallel light identical to starlight coming from the universe) of predefined brightness generated by an optical system installed in front of the seal's telescope. The seal detected artificial stars down to 4.4 stellar magnitudes. Although these results cannot present evidence for astronavigation, they imply that seals should see enough stars to allow such orientation mechanisms.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2001066" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1dea5a8a8a5d54a676ed91d74db36635" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":29032590,"asset_id":2001066,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29032590/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2609535" href="https://nottinghamtrent.academia.edu/DanielBrown">Daniel Brown</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2609535" type="text/json">{"id":2609535,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Brown","domain_name":"nottinghamtrent","page_name":"DanielBrown","display_name":"Daniel Brown","profile_url":"https://nottinghamtrent.academia.edu/DanielBrown?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2609535/825349/1025843/s65_daniel.brown.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2001066 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2001066"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2001066, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2001066", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2001066 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2001066; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2001066"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2001066 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2001066"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2001066; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2001066]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2001066").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2001066").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2001066"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="726208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal">Marine Mammal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="726208" type="text/json">{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2001066]'), work: {"id":2001066,"title":"How a harbor seal sees the night sky","created_at":"2012-10-06T06:59:40.207-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2001066/How_a_harbor_seal_sees_the_night_sky?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_2001066","summary":"Astronavigation is a possible mechanism of offshore orientation in marine mammals. However, the basic prerequisite for astronavigation is to see enough stars of the night sky. This cannot be taken for granted in seals as, due to adaptations of their dioptric apparatus to the optical properties of water, seals are supposed to be myopic and astigmatic when out of the water under low light conditions. Using various real and artificial stars in a go/no-go response paradigm we therefore determined the minimum brightness at which a harbor seal (Phocu vztulinu) can detect stars. The dark-adapted seal was trained to look through an empty tube (\"seal telescope\") and to retract its head only when a star appeared at the opposite aperture. The seal reliably detected Venus or Sirius becoming suddenly visible when the telescope was moved across the night sky. Detection thresholds were determined using artificial stars (parallel light identical to starlight coming from the universe) of predefined brightness generated by an optical system installed in front of the seal's telescope. The seal detected artificial stars down to 4.4 stellar magnitudes. Although these results cannot present evidence for astronavigation, they imply that seals should see enough stars to allow such orientation mechanisms.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":29032590,"asset_id":2001066,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2609535,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Brown","domain_name":"nottinghamtrent","page_name":"DanielBrown","display_name":"Daniel Brown","profile_url":"https://nottinghamtrent.academia.edu/DanielBrown?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2609535/825349/1025843/s65_daniel.brown.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10199415" data-work_id="10199415" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10199415/ACOUSTIC_REFLECTIVITY_OF_NETS_IMPLICATIONS_CONCERNING_INCIDENTAL_TAKE_OF_DOLPHINS">ACOUSTIC REFLECTIVITY OF NETS: IMPLICATIONS CONCERNING INCIDENTAL TAKE OF DOLPHINS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sonar target strength measurements of several types of nets and associated gear were made using simulated dolphin echolocation signals. The different types of nets included (a) standard commercial monofilament gillnet used in the salmon... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10199415" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sonar target strength measurements of several types of nets and associated gear were made using simulated dolphin echolocation signals. The different types of nets included (a) standard commercial monofilament gillnet used in the salmon mothership fishery, (b) prototype hollow core monofilament net, (c) Macah tribal cord setnet, and (d) multifilament nets. Target strength measurements were made at four angles of incidence, 0° (normal to net), 15°, 30°, and 45°. The standard gillnet had the smallest target strength which was relatively independent of the angle of incidence. The target strength based on the peak-to-peak values of the echoes varied from –59 to – 62 dB. Using echo energy within the integration time of Tursiops truncatus, the target strength was found to be between – 54 and –59 dB. Biosonar detection ranges for different sea state conditions were estimated using the noise-limited form of the sonar equation and target detection data obtained for Tursiops truncatus in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. The results suggest that an echolocating dolphin should be able to detect a gillnet at ranges long enough to avoid entanglement, even in sea state 6 conditions. Several possibilities for the seeming inability of dolphins to detect gillnets are discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10199415" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="550df7ac30aa3e21db4409578b40c895" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47486814,"asset_id":10199415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47486814/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24925984" href="https://independent.academia.edu/lindajones18">linda jones</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24925984" type="text/json">{"id":24925984,"first_name":"linda","last_name":"jones","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"lindajones18","display_name":"linda jones","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/lindajones18?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10199415 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10199415"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10199415, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10199415", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10199415 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10199415; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10199415"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10199415 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10199415"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10199415; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10199415]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10199415").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10199415").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10199415"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5412" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy">Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5412" type="text/json">{"id":5412,"name":"Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48636" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation">Simulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="48636" type="text/json">{"id":48636,"name":"Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10199415]'), work: {"id":10199415,"title":"ACOUSTIC REFLECTIVITY OF NETS: IMPLICATIONS CONCERNING INCIDENTAL TAKE OF DOLPHINS","created_at":"2015-01-16T16:50:00.416-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10199415/ACOUSTIC_REFLECTIVITY_OF_NETS_IMPLICATIONS_CONCERNING_INCIDENTAL_TAKE_OF_DOLPHINS?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_10199415","summary":"Sonar target strength measurements of several types of nets and associated gear were made using simulated dolphin echolocation signals. The different types of nets included (a) standard commercial monofilament gillnet used in the salmon mothership fishery, (b) prototype hollow core monofilament net, (c) Macah tribal cord setnet, and (d) multifilament nets. Target strength measurements were made at four angles of incidence, 0° (normal to net), 15°, 30°, and 45°. The standard gillnet had the smallest target strength which was relatively independent of the angle of incidence. The target strength based on the peak-to-peak values of the echoes varied from –59 to – 62 dB. Using echo energy within the integration time of Tursiops truncatus, the target strength was found to be between – 54 and –59 dB. Biosonar detection ranges for different sea state conditions were estimated using the noise-limited form of the sonar equation and target detection data obtained for Tursiops truncatus in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. The results suggest that an echolocating dolphin should be able to detect a gillnet at ranges long enough to avoid entanglement, even in sea state 6 conditions. Several possibilities for the seeming inability of dolphins to detect gillnets are discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47486814,"asset_id":10199415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24925984,"first_name":"linda","last_name":"jones","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"lindajones18","display_name":"linda jones","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/lindajones18?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":5412,"name":"Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":48636,"name":"Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":48936,"name":"TIME","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/TIME?f_ri=126884"},{"id":52982,"name":"Commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commerce?f_ri=126884"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=126884"},{"id":78624,"name":"Biological Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Conservation?f_ri=126884"},{"id":94582,"name":"Net","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Net?f_ri=126884"},{"id":96446,"name":"Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Measurement?f_ri=126884"},{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=126884"},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884"},{"id":170896,"name":"Echolocation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Echolocation?f_ri=126884"},{"id":213587,"name":"Signals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signals?f_ri=126884"},{"id":621517,"name":"Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time-2?f_ri=126884"},{"id":727150,"name":"Capture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capture?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26076842 coauthored" data-work_id="26076842" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26076842/Site_fidelity_residency_and_abundance_of_bottlenose_dolphins_Tursiops_sp_in_Adelaides_coastal_waters_South_Australia">Site fidelity, residency, and abundance of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Adelaide's coastal waters, South Australia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Little is known about the ecology and behavior of southern Australian bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.). This hinders assessment of their conservation status and informed decision-making concerning their management. We used boat-based... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26076842" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Little is known about the ecology and behavior of southern Australian bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.). This hinders assessment of their conservation status and informed decision-making concerning their management. We used boat-based surveys and photo-identification data to investigate site fidelity, residency patterns, and the abundance of southern Australian bottlenose dolphins in Adelaide's coastal waters. Sighting rates and site fidelity varied amongst individuals, and agglomera-tive hierarchical cluster analysis led to the categorization of individuals into one of three groups: occasional visitors, seasonal residents, or year-round residents. Lagged identification rates indicated that these dolphins used the study area regularly from year to year following a model of emigration and reimmigration. Abundance estimates obtained from multisample closed capture-recapture models ranged from 95 individuals (SE AE 45.20) in winter 2013 to 239 (SE AE 54.91) in summer 2014. The varying levels of site fidelity and residency, and the relatively high number of dolphins found throughout the study area highlights the Adelaide metropolitan coast as an important habitat for bottlenose dolphins. As these dolphins also appear to spend considerable time outside the study area, future research, conservation, and management efforts on this population must take into account anthropogenic activities within Adelaide's coastal waters and their adjacencies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26076842" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="69c720429db90087ccd0c2317a587850" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46426490,"asset_id":26076842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46426490/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32880403" href="https://flinders.academia.edu/NikkiZanardo">Nikki Zanardo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32880403" type="text/json">{"id":32880403,"first_name":"Nikki","last_name":"Zanardo","domain_name":"flinders","page_name":"NikkiZanardo","display_name":"Nikki Zanardo","profile_url":"https://flinders.academia.edu/NikkiZanardo?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-26076842">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-26076842"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://flinders.academia.edu/GuidoJParra">Guido J Parra</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-26076842'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-26076842').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26076842 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26076842"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26076842, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26076842", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26076842 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26076842; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26076842"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26076842 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26076842"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26076842; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26076842]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26076842").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26076842").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26076842"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2809" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation">Conservation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2809" type="text/json">{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13797" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammals">Marine Mammals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13797" type="text/json">{"id":13797,"name":"Marine Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammals?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="75055" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dolphins">Dolphins</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="75055" type="text/json">{"id":75055,"name":"Dolphins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dolphins?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26076842]'), work: {"id":26076842,"title":"Site fidelity, residency, and abundance of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in Adelaide's coastal waters, South Australia","created_at":"2016-06-12T17:43:30.708-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26076842/Site_fidelity_residency_and_abundance_of_bottlenose_dolphins_Tursiops_sp_in_Adelaides_coastal_waters_South_Australia?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_26076842","summary":"Little is known about the ecology and behavior of southern Australian bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.). This hinders assessment of their conservation status and informed decision-making concerning their management. We used boat-based surveys and photo-identification data to investigate site fidelity, residency patterns, and the abundance of southern Australian bottlenose dolphins in Adelaide's coastal waters. Sighting rates and site fidelity varied amongst individuals, and agglomera-tive hierarchical cluster analysis led to the categorization of individuals into one of three groups: occasional visitors, seasonal residents, or year-round residents. Lagged identification rates indicated that these dolphins used the study area regularly from year to year following a model of emigration and reimmigration. Abundance estimates obtained from multisample closed capture-recapture models ranged from 95 individuals (SE AE 45.20) in winter 2013 to 239 (SE AE 54.91) in summer 2014. The varying levels of site fidelity and residency, and the relatively high number of dolphins found throughout the study area highlights the Adelaide metropolitan coast as an important habitat for bottlenose dolphins. As these dolphins also appear to spend considerable time outside the study area, future research, conservation, and management efforts on this population must take into account anthropogenic activities within Adelaide's coastal waters and their adjacencies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46426490,"asset_id":26076842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32880403,"first_name":"Nikki","last_name":"Zanardo","domain_name":"flinders","page_name":"NikkiZanardo","display_name":"Nikki Zanardo","profile_url":"https://flinders.academia.edu/NikkiZanardo?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33660224,"first_name":"Guido","last_name":"Parra","domain_name":"flinders","page_name":"GuidoJParra","display_name":"Guido J Parra","profile_url":"https://flinders.academia.edu/GuidoJParra?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33660224/22638923/21821461/s65_guido.parra.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":13797,"name":"Marine Mammals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammals?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":75055,"name":"Dolphins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dolphins?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":132125,"name":"Marine mammals and ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_mammals_and_ecology?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29870917" data-work_id="29870917" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29870917/Ecology_Behavior_and_Social_Organization_of_the_Bottlenose_Dolphin_A_Review">Ecology, Behavior and Social Organization of the Bottlenose Dolphin: A Review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The authors review the literature on bottlenose dolphin ecology, behavior and social organization, focusing on data collected on free-ranging animals. Most bottlenose dolphins studied to date have had definable home ranges, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29870917" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The authors review the literature on bottlenose dolphin ecology, behavior and social organization, focusing on data collected on free-ranging animals. Most bottlenose dolphins studied to date have had definable home ranges, and behavioral, morphological and biochemical information indicates discrete stocks in some areas. Bottlenose dolphins appear to form relatively permanent social groups based on sex and age. Mother-calf bonds are long-lasting. Movement patterns are extremely variable from location to location but are relatively predictable at any given site. Food resources are one of the most important factors affecting movements.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29870917" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3deddc127529fd9643a22ca6c2f53a81" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50337695,"asset_id":29870917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50337695/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56707333" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SusanShane">Susan Shane</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56707333" type="text/json">{"id":56707333,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Shane","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SusanShane","display_name":"Susan Shane","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SusanShane?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/56707333/15092312/15805531/s65_susan.shane.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29870917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29870917"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29870917, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29870917", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29870917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29870917; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29870917"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29870917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29870917"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29870917; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29870917]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29870917").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29870917").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29870917"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4307" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior">Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4307" type="text/json">{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58285" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_organization">Social organization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58285" type="text/json">{"id":58285,"name":"Social organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_organization?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29870917]'), work: {"id":29870917,"title":"Ecology, Behavior and Social Organization of the Bottlenose Dolphin: A Review","created_at":"2016-11-15T15:44:21.619-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29870917/Ecology_Behavior_and_Social_Organization_of_the_Bottlenose_Dolphin_A_Review?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_29870917","summary":"The authors review the literature on bottlenose dolphin ecology, behavior and social organization, focusing on data collected on free-ranging animals. Most bottlenose dolphins studied to date have had definable home ranges, and behavioral, morphological and biochemical information indicates discrete stocks in some areas. Bottlenose dolphins appear to form relatively permanent social groups based on sex and age. Mother-calf bonds are long-lasting. Movement patterns are extremely variable from location to location but are relatively predictable at any given site. Food resources are one of the most important factors affecting movements.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50337695,"asset_id":29870917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56707333,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Shane","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SusanShane","display_name":"Susan Shane","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SusanShane?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/56707333/15092312/15805531/s65_susan.shane.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":58285,"name":"Social organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_organization?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884"},{"id":179729,"name":"Bottlenose dolphin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bottlenose_dolphin?f_ri=126884"},{"id":625360,"name":"Social Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Organization-1?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13213351" data-work_id="13213351" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213351/Lessons_from_monitoring_trends_in_abundance_of_marine_mammals">Lessons from monitoring trends in abundance of marine mammals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We assessed scientists' ability to detect declines of marine mammal stocks based on recent levels of survey effort, when the actual decline is precipitous. We defined a precipitous decline as a 50% decrease in abundance in 15 yr, at which... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13213351" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We assessed scientists' ability to detect declines of marine mammal stocks based on recent levels of survey effort, when the actual decline is precipitous. We defined a precipitous decline as a 50% decrease in abundance in 15 yr, at which point a stock could be legally classified as "depleted" under the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act. We assessed stocks for three categories of cetaceans: large whales (n = 23, most of which are listed as endangered), beaked whales (n = 11, potentially vulnerable to anthropogenic noise), and small whales/dolphins/porpoises (n = 69, bycatch in fisheries and important abundant predators), for two categories of pinnipeds with substantially different survey precision: counted on land (n = 13) and surveyed on ice (n = 5), and for a category containing polar bear and sea otter stocks (n = 6). The percentage of precipitous declines that would not be detected as declines was 72% for large whales, 90% for beaked whales, and 78% for dolphins/porpoises, 5% for pinnipeds on land, 100% for pinnipeds on ice, and 55% for polar bears/sea otters (based on a one-tailed t-test, ␣ = 0.05), given the frequency and precision of recent monitoring effort. We recommend alternatives to improve performance.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13213351" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7b58623ab669adb009f5b04de68b0f95" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45586756,"asset_id":13213351,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45586756/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32429638" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/JayBarlow">Jay Barlow</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32429638" type="text/json">{"id":32429638,"first_name":"Jay","last_name":"Barlow","domain_name":"ucsd","page_name":"JayBarlow","display_name":"Jay Barlow","profile_url":"https://ucsd.academia.edu/JayBarlow?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13213351 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13213351"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13213351, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13213351", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13213351 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213351; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13213351"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13213351 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13213351"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213351; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13213351]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13213351").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13213351").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13213351"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13424" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Analysis">Decision Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13424" type="text/json">{"id":13424,"name":"Decision Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Analysis?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="171933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Power">Statistical Power</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="171933" type="text/json">{"id":171933,"name":"Statistical Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Power?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13213351]'), work: {"id":13213351,"title":"Lessons from monitoring trends in abundance of marine mammals","created_at":"2015-06-23T08:17:21.520-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13213351/Lessons_from_monitoring_trends_in_abundance_of_marine_mammals?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_13213351","summary":"We assessed scientists' ability to detect declines of marine mammal stocks based on recent levels of survey effort, when the actual decline is precipitous. We defined a precipitous decline as a 50% decrease in abundance in 15 yr, at which point a stock could be legally classified as \"depleted\" under the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act. We assessed stocks for three categories of cetaceans: large whales (n = 23, most of which are listed as endangered), beaked whales (n = 11, potentially vulnerable to anthropogenic noise), and small whales/dolphins/porpoises (n = 69, bycatch in fisheries and important abundant predators), for two categories of pinnipeds with substantially different survey precision: counted on land (n = 13) and surveyed on ice (n = 5), and for a category containing polar bear and sea otter stocks (n = 6). The percentage of precipitous declines that would not be detected as declines was 72% for large whales, 90% for beaked whales, and 78% for dolphins/porpoises, 5% for pinnipeds on land, 100% for pinnipeds on ice, and 55% for polar bears/sea otters (based on a one-tailed t-test, ␣ = 0.05), given the frequency and precision of recent monitoring effort. We recommend alternatives to improve performance.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45586756,"asset_id":13213351,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32429638,"first_name":"Jay","last_name":"Barlow","domain_name":"ucsd","page_name":"JayBarlow","display_name":"Jay Barlow","profile_url":"https://ucsd.academia.edu/JayBarlow?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":13424,"name":"Decision Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Analysis?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":171933,"name":"Statistical Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Power?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":726208,"name":"Marine Mammal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal?f_ri=126884"},{"id":1007290,"name":"Polar Bear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polar_Bear?f_ri=126884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15671239" data-work_id="15671239" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15671239/Parameters_of_growth_and_reproduction_of_white_beaked_dolphins_Lagenorhynchus_albirostris_from_the_North_Sea">Parameters of growth and reproduction of white-beaked dolphins ( Lagenorhynchus albirostris ) from the North Sea</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15671239" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9fb397fed624a2c6d343247a1f71cd5e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42984334,"asset_id":15671239,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42984334/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34858665" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OkkaJansen">Okka Jansen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34858665" type="text/json">{"id":34858665,"first_name":"Okka","last_name":"Jansen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OkkaJansen","display_name":"Okka Jansen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OkkaJansen?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15671239 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15671239"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15671239, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15671239", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15671239 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15671239; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15671239"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15671239 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15671239"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15671239; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15671239]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15671239").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15671239").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15671239"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15671239]'), work: {"id":15671239,"title":"Parameters of growth and reproduction of white-beaked dolphins ( Lagenorhynchus albirostris ) from the North Sea","created_at":"2015-09-14T00:30:41.568-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15671239/Parameters_of_growth_and_reproduction_of_white_beaked_dolphins_Lagenorhynchus_albirostris_from_the_North_Sea?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_15671239","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42984334,"asset_id":15671239,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34858665,"first_name":"Okka","last_name":"Jansen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OkkaJansen","display_name":"Okka Jansen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OkkaJansen?f_ri=126884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53677223" data-work_id="53677223" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53677223/Conflict_and_Reconciliation_in_Captive_Bottlenose_Dolphins_Tursiops_Truncatus">Conflict and Reconciliation in Captive Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops Truncatus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The major challenges in immobilization of free-ranging walruses (Odobenw vosmaras divergem) are to produce a deep level of anesthesia very quickly (to avoid darted animals from entering the water and drowning), and to find a drug or drug... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53677223" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The major challenges in immobilization of free-ranging walruses (Odobenw vosmaras divergem) are to produce a deep level of anesthesia very quickly (to avoid darted animals from entering the water and drowning), and to find a drug or drug combination that requires only a small volume to be delivered by dart, is safe, reversible, and that provides an adequate period of immobilization to permit attachment of instruments, phlebotomy, and measuring. Tiletamine-zolazepam is recommended for immobilization of pinnipeds, with inhalant anesthesia recommended for more extensive procedures requiring better analgesia (Gales 1989</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53677223" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f1ba967b2cb1c7cbf2302aa1e20c550" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70409456,"asset_id":53677223,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70409456/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="164966315" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnWeaver3">Ann Weaver</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="164966315" type="text/json">{"id":164966315,"first_name":"Ann","last_name":"Weaver","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnnWeaver3","display_name":"Ann Weaver","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnnWeaver3?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/164966315/61412450/49689031/s65_ann.weaver.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53677223 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53677223"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53677223, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53677223", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53677223 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53677223; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53677223"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53677223 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53677223"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53677223; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53677223]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53677223").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53677223").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53677223"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53677223]'), work: {"id":53677223,"title":"Conflict and Reconciliation in Captive Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops Truncatus","created_at":"2021-09-28T04:19:30.841-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53677223/Conflict_and_Reconciliation_in_Captive_Bottlenose_Dolphins_Tursiops_Truncatus?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_53677223","summary":"The major challenges in immobilization of free-ranging walruses (Odobenw vosmaras divergem) are to produce a deep level of anesthesia very quickly (to avoid darted animals from entering the water and drowning), and to find a drug or drug combination that requires only a small volume to be delivered by dart, is safe, reversible, and that provides an adequate period of immobilization to permit attachment of instruments, phlebotomy, and measuring. Tiletamine-zolazepam is recommended for immobilization of pinnipeds, with inhalant anesthesia recommended for more extensive procedures requiring better analgesia (Gales 1989","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70409456,"asset_id":53677223,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":164966315,"first_name":"Ann","last_name":"Weaver","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnnWeaver3","display_name":"Ann Weaver","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnnWeaver3?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/164966315/61412450/49689031/s65_ann.weaver.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17220601" data-work_id="17220601" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17220601/DIGITAL_PHOTOGRAPHY_IMPROVES_EFFICIENCY_OF_INDIVIDUAL_DOLPHIN_IDENTIFICATION">DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY IMPROVES EFFICIENCY OF INDIVIDUAL DOLPHIN IDENTIFICATION</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">determination of group size, composition and stability of coastal porpoises (Tursiops truncatus). Science 198:755-756.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17220601" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e0e0c1f57dc2a8fb74c2bd086f94a760" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39390757,"asset_id":17220601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39390757/download_file?st=MTc0MDkyNTkwMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32511808" href="https://nefsc.academia.edu/SallyMizroch">Sally Mizroch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32511808" type="text/json">{"id":32511808,"first_name":"Sally","last_name":"Mizroch","domain_name":"nefsc","page_name":"SallyMizroch","display_name":"Sally Mizroch","profile_url":"https://nefsc.academia.edu/SallyMizroch?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32511808/28334439/26516592/s65_sally.mizroch.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17220601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17220601"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17220601, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17220601", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17220601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17220601; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17220601"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17220601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17220601"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17220601; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17220601]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17220601").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17220601").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17220601"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science">Marine Mammal Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126884" type="text/json">{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17220601]'), work: {"id":17220601,"title":"DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY IMPROVES EFFICIENCY OF INDIVIDUAL DOLPHIN IDENTIFICATION","created_at":"2015-10-23T11:52:07.120-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17220601/DIGITAL_PHOTOGRAPHY_IMPROVES_EFFICIENCY_OF_INDIVIDUAL_DOLPHIN_IDENTIFICATION?f_ri=126884","dom_id":"work_17220601","summary":"determination of group size, composition and stability of coastal porpoises (Tursiops truncatus). Science 198:755-756.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39390757,"asset_id":17220601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32511808,"first_name":"Sally","last_name":"Mizroch","domain_name":"nefsc","page_name":"SallyMizroch","display_name":"Sally Mizroch","profile_url":"https://nefsc.academia.edu/SallyMizroch?f_ri=126884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32511808/28334439/26516592/s65_sally.mizroch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=126884","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?after=50%2C17220601" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammals_Biology">Marine Mammals (Biology</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="971479">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="971479">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammals">Marine Mammals</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="13797">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="13797">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammals_Strandings">Marine Mammals Strandings</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="516103">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="516103">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cetacean_research">Cetacean research</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="77725">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="77725">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammalogy">Marine Mammalogy</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="22837">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="22837">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bottlenose_dolphin">Bottlenose dolphin</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="179729">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="179729">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cetaceans">Cetaceans</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="54065">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="54065">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal">Marine Mammal</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="726208">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="726208">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dolphins">Dolphins</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="75055">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="75055">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pinnipeds">Pinnipeds</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="148745">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="148745">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "4a6999edd4a8a7d0e757b8259dedd0fdf6047e94fc41fe2e93ee1cb14a8d7b86", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="OceHy1E_ZTFX9Qd-HL1wlaqMK64CrPe0oAXpvbaBUlqXUFvwtrKySYj4NNlUVezVOqHy5-4iJjT_A1JG1ShSEA" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="BvTHiCj8auZHxZyny6eMKm1K4rBux_S_jecM1WqHT5SoYxuzz3G9npjIrwCDTxBq_Wc7-YJJJT_S4bcuCS5P3g" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>