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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_Pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lihat Pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_Pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sumber</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sumber-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sumber</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sumber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catatan_bawah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_bawah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Catatan bawah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_bawah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kronik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kronik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kronik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kronik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber_Kedua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber_Kedua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Sumber Kedua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumber_Kedua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard II dari Inggris</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 68 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_van_Engeland" title="Richard II van Engeland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Richard II van Engeland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_II_d%27Anglaterra" title="Ricardo II d'Anglaterra – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ricardo II d'Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C4%8Bheard_II_Engla_Cyning" title="Riċheard II Engla Cyning – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Riċheard II Engla Cyning" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_(%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7)" title="ريتشارد الثاني (ملك إنجلترا) – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريتشارد الثاني (ملك إنجلترا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ريتشارد التانى ملك انجلترا – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريتشارد التانى ملك انجلترا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Ri%C3%A7ard" title="II Riçard – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="II Riçard" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3)" title="ایکینجی ریچارد (اینگیلیس) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی ریچارد (اینگیلیس)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_II" title="Рычард II – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рычард II" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_II" title="Ричард II – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ричард II" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richarzh_II_(Bro-Saoz)" title="Richarzh II (Bro-Saoz) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Richarzh II (Bro-Saoz)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikard_II,_kralj_Engleske" title="Rikard II, kralj Engleske – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rikard II, kralj Engleske" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricard_II_d%27Anglaterra" title="Ricard II d'Anglaterra – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ricard II d'Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II." title="Richard II. – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Richard II." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhisiart_II,_brenin_Lloegr" title="Rhisiart II, brenin Lloegr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhisiart II, brenin Lloegr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_2._af_England" title="Richard 2. af England – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Richard 2. af England" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II._(England)" title="Richard II. (England) – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richard II. (England)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ριχάρδος Β΄ της Αγγλίας – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ριχάρδος Β΄ της Αγγλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Richard II of England" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikardo_la_2-a_(Anglio)" title="Rikardo la 2-a (Anglio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rikardo la 2-a (Anglio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_II_de_Inglaterra" title="Ricardo II de Inglaterra – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ricardo II de Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II" title="Richard II – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Richard II" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikardo_II.a_Ingalaterrakoa" title="Rikardo II.a Ingalaterrakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rikardo II.a Ingalaterrakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="ریچارد دوم – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریچارد دوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikhard_II" title="Rikhard II – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rikhard II" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II" title="Richard II – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richard II" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risteard_II_Shasana" title="Risteard II Shasana – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Risteard II Shasana" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_II_de_Inglaterra" title="Ricardo II de Inglaterra – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ricardo II de Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="ריצ'רד השני, מלך אנגליה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריצ'רד השני, מלך אנגליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikard_II." title="Rikard II. – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rikard II." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Rich%C3%A1rd_angol_kir%C3%A1ly" title="II. Richárd angol király – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Richárd angol király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4_II" title="Ռիչարդ II – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիչարդ II" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_la_2ma_di_Anglia" title="Richard la 2ma di Anglia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Richard la 2ma di Anglia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADkhar%C3%B0ur_2._Englandskonungur" title="Ríkharður 2. Englandskonungur – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ríkharður 2. Englandskonungur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_II_d%27Inghilterra" title="Riccardo II d'Inghilterra – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Riccardo II d'Inghilterra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%892%E4%B8%96_(%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E7%8E%8B)" title="リチャード2世 (イングランド王) – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチャード2世 (イングランド王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93_II" title="რიჩარდ II – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რიჩარდ II" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="II Ричард – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="II Ричард" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_2%EC%84%B8" title="리처드 2세 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리처드 2세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardus_II_(rex_Angliae)" title="Ricardus II (rex Angliae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ricardus II (rex Angliae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II._vun_England" title="Richard II. vun England – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Richard II. vun England" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C4%8Dardas_II" title="Ričardas II – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ričardas II" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C4%8Dards_II_Plantagenets" title="Ričards II Plantagenets – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ričards II Plantagenets" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_II" title="Ричард II – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ричард II" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="इंग्लंडचा दुसरा रिचर्ड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंग्लंडचा दुसरा रिचर्ड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_dari_England" title="Richard II dari England – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Richard II dari England" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_II_de_Anglaterra" title="Ricardo II de Anglaterra – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ricardo II de Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_van_Engeland" title="Richard II van Engeland – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Richard II van Engeland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikard_II_av_England" title="Rikard II av England – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rikard II av England" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryszard_II" title="Ryszard II – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ryszard II" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%89" title="د انګلستان دویم ریچارډ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د انګلستان دویم ریچارډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_II_de_Inglaterra" title="Ricardo II de Inglaterra – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ricardo II de Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_al_II-lea_al_Angliei" title="Richard al II-lea al Angliei – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Richard al II-lea al Angliei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_II" title="Ричард II – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ричард II" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_od_Engleske" title="Richard II od Engleske – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Richard II od Engleske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Richard II of England" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II._(Anglicko)" title="Richard II. (Anglicko) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Richard II. (Anglicko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rihard_II._Angle%C5%A1ki" title="Rihard II. Angleški – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rihard II. Angleški" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_II_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Ричард II Плантагенет – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ричард II Плантагенет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikard_II_av_England" title="Rikard II av England – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rikard II av England" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="พระเจ้าริชาร์ดที่ 2 แห่งอังกฤษ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าริชาร์ดที่ 2 แห่งอังกฤษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Richard" title="II. Richard – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Richard" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_II" title="Річард II – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Річард II" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رچرڈ دوم شاہ انگلستان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رچرڈ دوم شاہ انگلستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_c%E1%BB%A7a_Anh" title="Richard II của Anh – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Richard II của Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%96" title="理查两世 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="理查两世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="理查二世 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="理查二世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_2-s%C3%A8_(Eng-l%C3%A2n)" title="Richard 2-sè (Eng-lân) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Richard 2-sè (Eng-lân)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%AF%9F%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="理察二世 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="理察二世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81000#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Richard II</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Richard_II_King_of_England.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Richard_II_King_of_England.jpg/220px-Richard_II_King_of_England.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Richard_II_King_of_England.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="380" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Potret di <a href="/wiki/Biara_Westminster" class="mw-redirect" title="Biara Westminster">Biara Westminster</a>, Pertengahan Tahun 1390</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Penguasa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Penguasa Inggris">Raja Inggris</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Berkuasa</th><td class="infobox-data">22 Juni 1377 – 29 September 1399 (22 tahun, 99 hari)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Penobatan" title="Penobatan">Penobatan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 Juli 1377</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pendahulu</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_III_dari_Inggris" title="Edward III dari Inggris">Edward III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Penerus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_dari_Inggris" title="Henry IV dari Inggris">Henry IV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wali</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_dari_Gaunt,_Adipati_Pertama_Lancaster" class="mw-redirect" title="John dari Gaunt, Adipati Pertama Lancaster">John <i>dari Gaunt</i>, Adipati Pertama Lancaster</a> <span class="nowrap">(<i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pemakaman</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Biara_Westminster" class="mw-redirect" title="Biara Westminster">Biara Westminster</a>, London</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pasangan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_dari_Bohemia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne dari Bohemia (halaman belum tersedia)">Anne dari Bohemia</a><br />menikah tahun 1382; menjanda Desember 1394<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabella_dari_Valois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isabella dari Valois (halaman belum tersedia)">Isabella dari Valois</a><br />menikah tahun 1396; menjanda tahun 1400</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dinasti" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti">Wangsa</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Plantagenet" title="Wangsa Plantagenet">Wangsa Plantagenet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ayah</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward,_si_Pangeran_Hitam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward, si Pangeran Hitam (halaman belum tersedia)">Edward, <i>Pangeran Hitam</i></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ibu</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joan_dari_Kent" title="Joan dari Kent">Joan dari Kent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tanda tangan</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Richard_II_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Richard II"><img alt="Richard II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Richard_II_Signature.svg/125px-Richard_II_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Richard_II_Signature.svg/188px-Richard_II_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Richard_II_Signature.svg/250px-Richard_II_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richard II</b> (6 Januari 1367 – 14 Februari 1400) merupakan seorang <a href="/wiki/Daftar_Penguasa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Penguasa Inggris">Raja Inggris</a> kedelapan dari <a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Plantagenet" title="Wangsa Plantagenet">Wangsa Plantagenet</a>. Ia memerintah dari tahun 1377 sampai digulingkan pada tahun 1399. Richard adalah putra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_si_Pangeran_Hitam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward si Pangeran Hitam (halaman belum tersedia)">Edward si Pangeran Hitam</a> dan dilahirkan pada zaman pemerintahan kakeknya, <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_dari_Inggris" title="Edward III dari Inggris">Edward III</a>. Pada usia 4 tahun, Richard jatuh pada urutan kedua tahta kerajaan ketika kakandanya Edward dari Angoulême wafat, dan calon pewaris ketika ayahnya wafat pada tahun 1376. Dengan kematian Edward III pada tahun berikutnya, Richard mewarisi tahta kerajaan pada usia 10 tahun. </p><p>Selama tahun pertama Richard memerintah sebagai raja, pemerintah berada ditangan serangkaian dewan. Komunitas politik lebih memilih ini daripada <a href="/wiki/Kabupaten" title="Kabupaten">kabupaten</a> yang dipimpin oleh paman raja, <a href="/wiki/John_dari_Gaunt,_Adipati_Pertama_Lancaster" class="mw-redirect" title="John dari Gaunt, Adipati Pertama Lancaster">John dari Gaunt</a>, akan tetapi Gaunt tetap berpengaruh tinggi. Tantangan besar pertama di pemerintahan ini adalah pemberontakan rakyat pada tahun 1381, yang diselesaikan dengan baik oleh raja muda tersebut, yang berperan besar meredakan pemberontakan itu. Pada tahun berikutnya, ketergantungan raja pada sejumlah kecil orang istana menyebabkan ketidakpuasan di dalam komunitas politik, dan tahun 1387 kendali pemerintah diambil alih oleh sekelompok bangsawan yang dikenal sebagai Pemimpin Perbandingan. Pada tahun 1389 Richard memulihkan kendali tersebut dan untuk 8 tahun mendatang memerintah dengan harmoni dengan mantan oponennya. Kemudian, pada tahun 1397, ia balas dendam pada Perbandingan, banyak dari mereka yang dieksekusi dan diasingkan. Dua tahun mendatang dijabarkan oleh para sejarawan sebagai Richard "lalim". pada tahun 1399, setelah John dari Gaunt wafat, raja mencabut hak waris putra Gaunt, <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_dari_Inggris" title="Henry IV dari Inggris">Henry dari Bolingbroke</a>, yang sebelumnya diasingkan, dan yang kemudian menyerbu Inggris pada bulan Juni 1399 dengan pasukan yang kecil jumlahnya namun dengan pesat berkembang jumlahnya. Meskipun ia menuntut bahwa tujuannya hanya untuk merebut kembali warisannya, hal ini segera menjadi jelas bahwa ia ingin menguasai tahta tersebut untuk dirinya sendiri. Berbalik arah, Bolingbroke menggulingkan Richard dan memahkotai dirinya sendiri sebagai Raja <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_dari_Inggris" title="Henry IV dari Inggris">Henry IV</a>. Richard wafat di dalam tahanan pada awal tahun berikutnya; ia kemungkinan tewas terbunuh. </p><p>Sebagai seorang pria, Richard bersosok tinggi, tampan dan pintar. Mungkin tidak gila, seperti yang dipercaya oleh para sejarawan kuno, ia sepertinya menderita kelainan jiwa, terutama pada akhir masa pemerintahannya. Kurang lebih adalah seorang prajurit yang baik dari ayah atau kakeknya, ia mencoba mengakhiri Perang Seratus Tahun yang diawali oleh Edward III. Ia percaya teguh dalam hak prerogatif kerajaan, sesuatu yang membuatnya mempertahankan kebangsawanannya, dan bergantung pada pihak swasta sebagai imbalan atas perlindungan militer. Dia juga dibudidayakan oleh atmosfer istana di mana raja adalah tokoh tertinggi, dan seni dan kultur berada di pusat, berbeda dengan pengadilan militer kakeknya. reputasi anumerta Richard sebagian besar telah dibentuk oleh <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>, yang memerankan sebagai <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=(Drama)_Richard_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(Drama) Richard II (halaman belum tersedia)">(Drama) Richard II</a></i> menggambarkan pemerintahan Richard yang salah dan Bolingbroke sebagai seseorang yang bertanggung jawab pada abad ke-15, Perang Bunga Mawar. Sejarawan kontemporer tidak menerima penafsiran ini, didukung Richard sebagai penanggung jawab atas penurunan tahta dirinya sendiri. Kebanyakan orang yang berwenang setuju bahwa, meskipun kebijakan-kebijakannya belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya atau benar-benar tidak realistis, cara di mana ia mengeluarkannya tidak dapat diterima oleh para pendiri politik, dan ini menyebabkan kehancurannya. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kehidupan_awal">Kehidupan awal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_II_dari_Inggris&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Kehidupan awal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_II_dari_Inggris&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kehidupan awal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Edward_III_Black_Prince_14thc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Edward_III_Black_Prince_14thc.jpg/170px-Edward_III_Black_Prince_14thc.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Edward_III_Black_Prince_14thc.jpg/255px-Edward_III_Black_Prince_14thc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Edward_III_Black_Prince_14thc.jpg/340px-Edward_III_Black_Prince_14thc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="889" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah naskah pada abad ke-14 yang menggambarkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_si_Pangeran_Hitam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward si Pangeran Hitam (halaman belum tersedia)">Edward si Pangeran Hitam</a> berlutut di depan ayahnya, <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_dari_Inggris" title="Edward III dari Inggris">Edward III</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Richard adalah anak termuda dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_si_Pangeran_Hitam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward si Pangeran Hitam (halaman belum tersedia)">Edward si Pangeran Hitam</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Joan_dari_Kent" title="Joan dari Kent">Joan dari Kent</a>. Edward, pewaris tahta <a href="/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris">Inggris</a> telah membedakan dirinya sebagai komandan <a href="/wiki/Militer" title="Militer">militer</a> di fase awal <a href="/wiki/Perang_Seratus_Tahun" title="Perang Seratus Tahun">Perang Seratus Tahun</a>, terutama pada <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Poitiers_(1356)" title="Pertempuran Poitiers (1356)">Pertempuran Poitiers</a>. Selama petualangan militer lanjutan, namun, ia terjangkit <a href="/wiki/Disentri" title="Disentri">disentri</a> di <a href="/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol">Spanyol</a> pada <a href="/wiki/1370" title="1370">1370</a>. Ia tidak sepenuhnya pulih, dia harus kembali ke Inggris tahun depan.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joan dari Kent menjadi pusat perselisihan pernikahan antara <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holland,_Earl_Pertama_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Holland, Earl Pertama Kent">Thomas Holland, Earl Kent</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_de_Montacute,_Earl_Kedua_Salisbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William de Montacute, Earl Kedua Salisbury (halaman belum tersedia)">William de Montacute, Earl Salisbury</a>, di mana Holland kemudian tampil jadi pemenang. Kurang dari setahun setelah kematian Holland pada <a href="/wiki/1360" title="1360">1360</a>, Joan menikah dengan Pangeran Edward. Karena ia adalah cucu Raja <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_dari_Inggris" title="Edward I dari Inggris">Edward I</a> dan sepupu pertama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_si_Pangeran_Hitam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward si Pangeran Hitam (halaman belum tersedia)">Edward</a>, pernikahan mereka membutuhkan persetujuan <a href="/wiki/Paus" class="mw-disambig" title="Paus">paus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Richard lahir pada tanggal <a href="/wiki/6_Januari" title="6 Januari">6 Januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1367" title="1367">1367</a> di Biara St. Andrew di <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, kepangeranan Inggris <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>. Menurut sumber kontemporer, tiga <a href="/wiki/Raja" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Raja">raja</a> - "Raja <a href="/wiki/Kastilia" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kastilia">Kastilia</a>, Raja <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Navarra" title="Kerajaan Navarra">Navarra</a>, dan Raja Portugal" - hadir pada saat kelahirannya.<sup id="cite_ref-Tuck_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tuck-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Death_of_Wat_Tyler_Froissart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Death_of_Wat_Tyler_Froissart.jpg/220px-Death_of_Wat_Tyler_Froissart.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Death_of_Wat_Tyler_Froissart.jpg/330px-Death_of_Wat_Tyler_Froissart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Death_of_Wat_Tyler_Froissart.jpg/440px-Death_of_Wat_Tyler_Froissart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1459" data-file-height="1233" /></a><figcaption>Richard II menyaksikan kematian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wat_Tyler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wat Tyler (halaman belum tersedia)">Wat Tyler</a>: yang diambil dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Froissart_Louis_dari_Gruuthuse_(BnF_Fr_2643-6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Froissart Louis dari Gruuthuse (BnF Fr 2643-6) (halaman belum tersedia)">Naskah Gruuthuse</a> dari <i>Kronik</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Froissart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Froissart (halaman belum tersedia)">Froissart</a> (sekitar tahun  1475).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Robert_de_Vere_fleeing_Radcot_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Robert_de_Vere_fleeing_Radcot_Bridge.jpg/220px-Robert_de_Vere_fleeing_Radcot_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Robert_de_Vere_fleeing_Radcot_Bridge.jpg/330px-Robert_de_Vere_fleeing_Radcot_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Robert_de_Vere_fleeing_Radcot_Bridge.jpg/440px-Robert_de_Vere_fleeing_Radcot_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="923" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_de_Vere,_Adipati_Irlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert de Vere, Adipati Irlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Robert de Vere</a> melarikan diri dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Jembatan_Radcot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Jembatan Radcot (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang Jembatan Radcot</a> (Froissart).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Johnofgaunt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Johnofgaunt.jpg/170px-Johnofgaunt.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Johnofgaunt.jpg/255px-Johnofgaunt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Johnofgaunt.jpg/340px-Johnofgaunt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_dari_Gaunt,_Adipati_Pertama_Lancaster" class="mw-redirect" title="John dari Gaunt, Adipati Pertama Lancaster">John dari Gaunt</a> berada di pusat politik Inggris selama lebih dari 30 tahun, dan kematiannya pada tahun 1399 menimbulkan ketidak tentraman.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Richard_II_arrest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Richard_II_arrest.jpg/170px-Richard_II_arrest.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Richard_II_arrest.jpg/255px-Richard_II_arrest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Richard_II_arrest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="347" /></a><figcaption>Richard dibawa kedalam tahanan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Percy,_Earl_Pertama_Northumberland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Percy, Earl Pertama Northumberland (halaman belum tersedia)">Earl dari Northumberland</a> (Froissart).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg/170px-Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg/255px-Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg/340px-Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Istana_Westminster" title="Istana Westminster">Istana Westminster</a> pada awal abad ke-19</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_Pula">Lihat Pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_II_dari_Inggris&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat Pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_II_dari_Inggris&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat Pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambaran_Kultural_Richard_II_dari_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gambaran Kultural Richard II dari Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Gambaran Kultural Richard II dari Inggris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Plantagenet" title="Wangsa Plantagenet">Wangsa Plantagenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Penguasa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Penguasa Inggris">Daftar Penguasa Inggris</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sumber">Sumber</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_II_dari_Inggris&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Sumber" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_II_dari_Inggris&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sumber"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catatan_bawah">Catatan bawah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_II_dari_Inggris&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan bawah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_II_dari_Inggris&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan bawah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Barber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Barber (halaman belum tersedia)">Barber, Richard</a> (2004). "Edward , prince of Wales and of Aquitaine (1330–1376)". <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8523">10.1093/ref:odnb/8523</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Edward+%2C+prince+of+Wales+and+of+Aquitaine+%281330%E2%80%931376%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8523&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Barber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Barber (halaman belum tersedia)">Barber, Richard</a> (2004). "Joan, suo jure countess of Kent, and princess of Wales and of Aquitaine [called the Fair Maid of Kent] (c. 1328–1385)". <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F14823">10.1093/ref:odnb/14823</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Joan%2C+suo+jure+countess+of+Kent%2C+and+princess+of+Wales+and+of+Aquitaine++%5Bcalled+the+Fair+Maid+of+Kent%5D+%28c.+1328%E2%80%931385%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F14823&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tuck-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tuck_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tuck (2004).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kronik">Kronik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_II_dari_Inggris&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Kronik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_II_dari_Inggris&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kronik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(1993) <i>Chronicles of the Revolution, 1397-1400: The Reign of Richard II</i>, ed. Chris Given-Wilson. Manchester: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0719035260" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7190-3526-0</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Froissart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Froissart (halaman belum tersedia)">Froissart, Jean</a> (1978). <i>Chronicles</i>, ed. Geoffrey Brereton. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0140442006" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-14-044200-6</a>.</li> <li>(1977) <i>Historia Vitae et Regni Ricardi Secundi</i>, ed. George B. Stow. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/181227718X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 181227718X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Knighton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Knighton (halaman belum tersedia)">Knighton, Henry</a> (1995). <i>Knighton's Chronicle 1337–1396</i>, ed. G. H. Martin. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0198205031" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-820503-1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Walsingham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Walsingham (halaman belum tersedia)">Walsingham, Thomas</a> (1862–4). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standish.stanford.edu/bin/search/advanced/process;jsessionid=59D8F43C7272104ED67F29E5CE1CF65C?sort=title&browse=1&clauseMapped(creatorBrowse)=Walsingham%2C+Thomas%2C+fl.+1360-1420.">Historia Anglicana</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151106062324/http://standish.stanford.edu/bin/search/advanced/process;jsessionid=59D8F43C7272104ED67F29E5CE1CF65C?sort=title&browse=1&clauseMapped(creatorBrowse)=Walsingham,+Thomas,+fl.+1360-1420.">Diarsipkan</a> 2015-11-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</i> <b>2 vols.</b>, ed. H. T. Riley. London: Longman, Roberts, and Green</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sumber_Kedua">Sumber Kedua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_II_dari_Inggris&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Sumber Kedua" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_II_dari_Inggris&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sumber Kedua"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alexander, Jonathan & Binksi, Paul (eds), <i>Age of Chivalry, Art in Plantagenet England, 1200-1400</i>, Royal Academy/Weidenfeld & Nicholson, London 1987</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Allmand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Allmand (halaman belum tersedia)">Allmand, Christopher</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hundredyearsware0000allm"><i>The Hundred Years War: England and France at War c.1300-c.1450</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0521319234" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0521319234">0521319234</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hundred+Years+War%3A+England+and+France+at+War+c.1300-c.1450&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0521319234&rft.aulast=Allmand&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhundredyearsware0000allm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Bennett, Michael J. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/richardiirevolut0000benn"><i>Richard II and the Revolution of 1399</i></a>. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0750922834" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0750922834">0750922834</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+II+and+the+Revolution+of+1399&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0750922834&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frichardiirevolut0000benn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Castor, Helen (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kingcrownduchyof0000cast"><i>The King, the Crown, and the Duchy of Lancaster: Public Authority and Private Power, 1399-1461</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kingcrownduchyof0000cast/page/8">8</a>–21. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0198206224" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0198206224">0198206224</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+King%2C+the+Crown%2C+and+the+Duchy+of+Lancaster%3A+Public+Authority+and+Private+Power%2C+1399-1461&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=8-21&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0198206224&rft.aulast=Castor&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkingcrownduchyof0000cast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Dodd, Gwilym (ed.) (2000). <i>The Reign of Richard II</i>. Stroud: Tempus. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0752417975" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0752417975">0752417975</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reign+of+Richard+II&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0752417975&rft.aulast=Dodd&rft.aufirst=Gwilym+%28ed.%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Gillespie, James (ed.); Goodman (ed.), Anthony (1997). <i>The Age of Richard II</i>. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0750914521" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0750914521">0750914521</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Richard+II&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Sutton+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0750914521&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=James+%28ed.%29&rft.au=Goodman+%28ed.%29%2C+Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Gillespie, James (1998). <i>Richard II: The Art of Kingship</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0198201893" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0198201893">0198201893</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+II%3A+The+Art+of+Kingship&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0198201893&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Goodman_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Goodman (historian) (halaman belum tersedia)">Goodman, Anthony</a> (1971). <i>The Loyal Conspiracy: The Lords Appellant under Richard II</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0710070748" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0710070748">0710070748</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Loyal+Conspiracy%3A+The+Lords+Appellant+under+Richard+II&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0710070748&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Goodman, Anthony (1992). <i>John of Gaunt: The Exercise of Princely Power in Fourteenth-Century Europe</i>. Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex: Longman. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0582098130" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0582098130">0582098130</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+of+Gaunt%3A+The+Exercise+of+Princely+Power+in+Fourteenth-Century+Europe&rft.place=Burnt+Mill%2C+Harlow%2C+Essex&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0582098130&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G._L._Harriss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G. L. Harriss (halaman belum tersedia)">Harriss, Gerald</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shapingnationeng0000harr"><i>Shaping the Nation: England, 1360-1461</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0198228163" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0198228163">0198228163</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shaping+the+Nation%3A+England%2C+1360-1461&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0198228163&rft.aulast=Harriss&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshapingnationeng0000harr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodney_Hilton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodney Hilton (halaman belum tersedia)">Hilton, Rodney</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bondmenmadefreem0000hilt"><i>Bond Men Made Free: Medieval Peasant Movements and the English Rising of 1381</i></a>. London: Temple Smith. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0851170390" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0851170390">0851170390</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bond+Men+Made+Free%3A+Medieval+Peasant+Movements+and+the+English+Rising+of+1381&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Temple+Smith&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0851170390&rft.aulast=Hilton&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbondmenmadefreem0000hilt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Jones_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Jones (historian) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jones, Michael (ed.)</a> (2000). <i>The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 6: c. 1300 - c. 1415</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0521362903" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0521362903">0521362903</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+Medieval+History%2C+vol.+6%3A+c.+1300+-+c.+1415&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0521362903&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Michael+%28ed.%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Keen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Keen (halaman belum tersedia)">Keen, Maurice</a> (1973). <i>England in the Late Middle Ages</i>. London: Mathuen. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0416759904" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0416759904">0416759904</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=England+in+the+Late+Middle+Ages&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Mathuen&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0416759904&rft.aulast=Keen&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Levey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Levey (halaman belum tersedia)">Levey, Michael</a>, <i>Painting at Court</i>, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, London, 1971</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_McKisack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="May McKisack (halaman belum tersedia)">McKisack, May</a> (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fourteenthcentur0000mcki_o1m4"><i>The Fourteenth Century: 1307–1399</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-821712-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-821712-9">0-19-821712-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fourteenth+Century%3A+1307%E2%80%931399&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=0-19-821712-9&rft.aulast=McKisack&rft.aufirst=May&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffourteenthcentur0000mcki_o1m4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Mortimer_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Mortimer (historian) (halaman belum tersedia)">Mortimer, Ian</a> (2007). <i>The Fears of King Henry IV: The Life of England's Self-Made King</i>. London: Jonathan Cape. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780224073004" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780224073004">9780224073004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fears+of+King+Henry+IV%3A+The+Life+of+England%27s+Self-Made+King&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Jonathan+Cape&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780224073004&rft.aulast=Mortimer&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nigel_Saul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nigel Saul (halaman belum tersedia)">Saul, Nigel</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/richardii00saul"><i>Richard II</i></a>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-300-07003-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-300-07003-9">0-300-07003-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+II&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-300-07003-9&rft.aulast=Saul&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frichardii00saul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Saul, Nigel (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threerichardsric0000saul"><i>The Three Richards: Richard I, Richard II and Richard III</i></a>. London: Hambledon. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1852852860" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1852852860">1852852860</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Richards%3A+Richard+I%2C+Richard+II+and+Richard+III&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hambledon&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1852852860&rft.aulast=Saul&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthreerichardsric0000saul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Steel_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Steel (historian) (halaman belum tersedia)">Steel, Anthony</a> (1941). <i>Richard II</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+II&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1941&rft.aulast=Steel&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Tuck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Tuck (halaman belum tersedia)">Tuck, Anthony</a> (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crownnobility1270000tuck"><i>Crown and Nobility 1272-1461: Political Conflict in Late Medieval England</i></a>. London: Fontana. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0006860842" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0006860842">0006860842</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crown+and+Nobility+1272-1461%3A+Political+Conflict+in+Late+Medieval+England&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Fontana&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0006860842&rft.aulast=Tuck&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrownnobility1270000tuck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Tuck, Anthony (2004). "Richard II (1367–1400)". <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F23499">10.1093/ref:odnb/23499</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Richard+II+%281367%E2%80%931400%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F23499&rft.aulast=Tuck&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+II+dari+Inggris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code> membutuhkan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#accessdate_missing_url" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="background: #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Richard II dari Inggris </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Plantagenet" title="Wangsa Plantagenet">Wangsa Plantagenet</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Lahir:</b> 6 Januari 1367 </span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Meninggal:</b> 14 Februari 1400</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Gelar </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="2">Didahului oleh:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_III_dari_Inggris" title="Edward III dari Inggris">Edward III</a></span> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Penguasa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Penguasa Inggris">Raja Inggris</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemaharajaan_Irlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemaharajaan Irlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Maharaja Irlandia</a></b><br />1377–1399 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Diteruskan oleh:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_dari_Inggris" title="Henry IV dari Inggris">Henry IV</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adipati_Aquitania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adipati Aquitania (halaman belum tersedia)">Adipati Aquitania</a></b><br />1377–1390 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Diteruskan oleh:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_dari_Gaunt,_Adipati_Pertama_Lancaster" class="mw-redirect" title="John dari Gaunt, Adipati Pertama Lancaster">John II</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsawan_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsawan Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Bangsawan Inggris</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"><b>Lowong</b><div style="font-size:90%">Terakhir dijabat oleh</div><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_si_Pangeran_Hitam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward si Pangeran Hitam (halaman belum tersedia)">Edward si Pangeran Hitam</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Pangeran_Wales" title="Pangeran Wales">Pangeran Wales</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adipati_Cornwall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adipati Cornwall (halaman belum tersedia)">Adipati Cornwall</a></b><br />1376–1377 </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"><b>Lowong</b><div style="font-size:90%">Selanjutnya dijabat oleh</div><b><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_dari_Inggris" title="Henry V dari Inggris">Henry dari Monmouth</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Penguasa_Inggris,_Skotlandia,_Britania" title="Templat:Penguasa Inggris, Skotlandia, Britania"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Penguasa_Inggris,_Skotlandia,_Britania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Penguasa Inggris, Skotlandia, Britania (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Penguasa_Inggris,_Skotlandia,_Britania&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kepala_Negara_Monarki_Inggris,_Skotlandia_dan_Britania_Raya" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Kepala Negara Monarki <a href="/wiki/Daftar_Penguasa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Penguasa Inggris">Inggris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daftar_penguasa_Skotlandia" title="Daftar penguasa Skotlandia">Skotlandia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Daftar_Penguasa_Britania_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Penguasa Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Penguasa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Penguasa Inggris">Kepala Negara Monarki Inggris</a> Pra-1603</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Kepala Negara Monarki Skotlandia Pra-1603</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding: 0 0.5em;;;;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_yang_Agung" title="Alfred yang Agung">Alfred Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Tua" title="Edward Tua">Edward Tua</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elfweard_dari_Wessex" title="Elfweard dari Wessex">Ælfweard</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethelstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethelstan">Æthelstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_I" title="Edmund I">Edmund I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadred" title="Eadred">Eadred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadwig" title="Eadwig">Eadwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_dari_Inggris" title="Edgar dari Inggris">Edgar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Martir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Martir (halaman belum tersedia)">Edward Martir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethelred_II" title="Ethelred II">Æthelred Kurang Petuah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svend_I_dari_Denmark" title="Svend I dari Denmark">Svend Janggut Cukit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_II" title="Edmund II">Edmund Lambung Besi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knut_yang_Agung" title="Knut yang Agung">Knut Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_I_dari_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold I dari Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Harold Kaki Terwelu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harthacnut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harthacnut (halaman belum tersedia)">Harthacnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_sang_Pengaku" title="Edward sang Pengaku">Edward Pengaku Iman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Godwinson" title="Harold Godwinson">Harold Putra Godwin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edgar_%C3%86theling" title="Edgar Ætheling">Edgar Ætheling</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sang_Penakluk" class="mw-redirect" title="William Sang Penakluk">William Sang Penakluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_dari_Inggris" title="William II dari Inggris">William II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_dari_Inggris" title="Henry I dari Inggris">Henry I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_dari_Inggris" title="Stephen dari Inggris">Stephen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matilda_dari_Inggris" title="Matilda dari Inggris">Matilda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_dari_Inggris" title="Henry II dari Inggris">Henry II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Raja_Remaja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Raja Remaja (halaman belum tersedia)">Henry Raja Remaja</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_I_dari_Inggris" title="Richard I dari Inggris">Richard Hati Singa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_dari_Inggris" title="John dari Inggris">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_dari_Inggris" title="Henry III dari Inggris">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_I_dari_Inggris" title="Edward I dari Inggris">Edward I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_II_dari_Inggris" title="Edward II dari Inggris">Edward II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_III_dari_Inggris" title="Edward III dari Inggris">Edward III</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_dari_Inggris" title="Henry IV dari Inggris">Henry IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_dari_Inggris" title="Henry V dari Inggris">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_dari_Inggris" title="Henry VI dari Inggris">Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_dari_Inggris" title="Edward IV dari Inggris">Edward IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_V_dari_Inggris" title="Edward V dari Inggris">Edward V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_dari_Inggris" title="Richard III dari Inggris">Richard III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_dari_Inggris" title="Henry VII dari Inggris">Henry VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_dari_Inggris" title="Henry VIII dari Inggris">Henry VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VI_dari_Inggris" title="Edward VI dari Inggris">Edward VI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Jane_Grey" title="Lady Jane Grey">Jane</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_I_dari_Inggris" title="Mary I dari Inggris">Mary I</a> <small>dan</small> <i><a href="/wiki/Felipe_II_dari_Spanyol" title="Felipe II dari Spanyol">Philip</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_dari_Inggris" title="Elizabeth I dari Inggris">Elizabeth I</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding: 0 0.5em;;;;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A1ed_mac_Ailp%C3%ADn" title="Cináed mac Ailpín">Cináed I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Domnall_mac_Ailp%C3%ADn" title="Domnall mac Ailpín">Donald I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Causant%C3%ADn_mac_Cin%C3%A1eda" title="Causantín mac Cináeda">Causantín I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ed_mac_Cin%C3%A1eda" title="Áed mac Cináeda">Áed</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Giric" title="Giric">Giric</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eochaid" title="Eochaid">Eochaid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_II_dari_Skotlandia" title="Donald II dari Skotlandia">Donald II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Causant%C3%ADn_II_dari_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Causantín II dari Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Causantín II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_I_dari_Skotlandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm I dari Skotlandia">Malcolm I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indulf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indulf (halaman belum tersedia)">Indulf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dub_dari_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dub dari Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Dub</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuil%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuilén (halaman belum tersedia)">Cuilén</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amla%C3%ADb_dari_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amlaíb dari Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Amlaíb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cin%C3%A1ed_II_dari_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cináed II dari Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Cináed II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Causant%C3%ADn_III_dari_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Causantín III dari Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Causantín III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cin%C3%A1ed_III_dari_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cináed III dari Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Cináed III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_II_dari_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malcolm II dari Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Malcolm II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duncan_I_dari_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duncan I dari Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Duncan I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macbeth_dari_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macbeth dari Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Macbeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulach" class="mw-redirect" title="Lulach">Lulach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_III_dari_Skotlandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm III dari Skotlandia">Malcolm III Canmore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_III_dari_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald III dari Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Donald III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duncan_II_dari_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duncan II dari Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Duncan II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_III_dari_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald III dari Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Donald III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_dari_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edgar dari Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Edgar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_I_dari_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander I dari Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I_dari_Skotlandia" title="David I dari Skotlandia">David I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_IV_dari_Skotlandia" title="Malcolm IV dari Skotlandia">Malcolm IV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_sang_Singa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William sang Singa (halaman belum tersedia)">William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_dari_Skotlandia" title="Alexander II dari Skotlandia">Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_dari_Skotlandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander III dari Skotlandia">Alexander III</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaret_dari_Norwegia" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret dari Norwegia">Margaret</a></i></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjaga_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penjaga Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Interegnum Pertama</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Balliol" title="John Balliol">John</a></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjaga_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penjaga Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Interegnum Kedua</a></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_sang_Bruce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert sang Bruce (halaman belum tersedia)">Robert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_II_dari_Skotlandia" title="David II dari Skotlandia">David II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Balliol" title="Edward Balliol">Edward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_II_dari_Skotlandia" title="Robert II dari Skotlandia">Robert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_III_dari_Skotlandia" title="Robert III dari Skotlandia">Robert III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_I_dari_Skotlandia" title="James I dari Skotlandia">James I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_II_dari_Skotlandia" title="James II dari Skotlandia">James II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_III_dari_Skotlandia" title="James III dari Skotlandia">James III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_IV_dari_Skotlandia" title="James IV dari Skotlandia">James IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_V_dari_Skotlandia" title="James V dari Skotlandia">James V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_dari_Skotlandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary dari Skotlandia">Mary I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_I_dari_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="James I dari Inggris">James VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kepala_Negara_Monarki_Inggris_dan_Skotlandia_Pasca-Penggabungan_Mahkota_Tahun_1603"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Penguasa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Penguasa Inggris">Kepala Negara Monarki Inggris dan Skotlandia</a> Pasca-<a href="/wiki/Uni_Mahkota" class="mw-redirect" title="Uni Mahkota">Penggabungan Mahkota</a> Tahun 1603</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_I_dari_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="James I dari Inggris">James I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_dari_Inggris" title="Charles I dari Inggris">Charles I</a></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Persemakmuran_Inggris" title="Persemakmuran Inggris">Persemakmuran</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_dari_Inggris" title="Charles II dari Inggris">Charles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_II_dari_Inggris" title="James II dari Inggris">James II & VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_II_dari_Inggris" title="Mary II dari Inggris">Mary II</a> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_dan_Mary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William dan Mary (halaman belum tersedia)">dan</a></small> <a href="/wiki/William_III_dari_Inggris" title="William III dari Inggris">William III & II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_dari_Britania_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne dari Britania Raya">Anne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kepala_Negara_Monarki_Britania_Raya_Pasca-Undang-Undang_Penggabungan_Tahun_1707"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Penguasa_Britania_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Penguasa Britania Raya">Kepala Negara Monarki Britania Raya</a> Pasca-<a href="/wiki/Undang-Undang_Penyatuan_1707" class="mw-redirect" title="Undang-Undang Penyatuan 1707">Undang-Undang Penggabungan</a> Tahun 1707</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_dari_Britania_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne dari Britania Raya">Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_I_dari_Britania_Raya" title="George I dari Britania Raya">George I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_II_dari_Britania_Raya" title="George II dari Britania Raya">George II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_III_dari_Britania_Raya" title="George III dari Britania Raya">George III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_IV_dari_Britania_Raya" title="George IV dari Britania Raya">George IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IV_dari_Britania_Raya" title="William IV dari Britania Raya">William IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_dari_Britania_Raya" title="Victoria dari Britania Raya">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII_dari_Britania_Raya" title="Edward VII dari Britania Raya">Edward VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V_dari_Britania_Raya" title="George V dari Britania Raya">George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII_dari_Britania_Raya" title="Edward VIII dari Britania Raya">Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_VI_dari_Britania_Raya" title="George VI dari Britania Raya">George VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_dari_Britania_Raya" title="Elizabeth II dari Britania Raya">Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_dari_Britania_Raya" title="Charles III dari Britania Raya">Charles III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Tokoh yang namanya ditulis <i>miring</i> masih diperdebatkan.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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