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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عبد الملك بن هشام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عبد الملك بن هشام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn_Hi%C5%9Fam" title="İbn Hişam – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İbn Hişam" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ইবনে হিশাম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইবনে হিশাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hixam" title="Ibn Hixam – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ibn Hixam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hisch%C4%81m" title="Ibn Hischām – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ibn Hischām" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hish%C4%81m" title="Ibn Hishām – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ibn Hishām" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ابن هشام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابن هشام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hich%C3%A2m" title="Ibn Hichâm – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ibn Hichâm" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%90_%ED%9E%88%EC%83%B4" title="이븐 히샴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이븐 히샴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AE" title="इब्न हिशम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इब्न हिशम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Hisyam" title="Ibnu Hisyam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ibnu Hisyam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hisham" title="Ibn Hisham – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ibn Hisham" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9D" title="אבן השאם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבן השאם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D2%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ибн Һишам – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ибн Һишам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82" title="ഇബ്‌നു ഹിശാം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇബ്‌നു ഹിശാം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عبد الملك بن هشام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عبد الملك بن هشام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_Abdul_Malik_bin_Hisham" title="Abu Muhammad Abdul Malik bin Hisham – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abu Muhammad Abdul Malik bin Hisham" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hisham" title="Ibn Hisham – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ibn Hisham" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hisham" title="Ibn Hisham – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ibn Hisham" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%DB%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ابن ہشام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابن ہشام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibne_Hixame" title="Ibne Hixame – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ibne Hixame" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ибн Хишам – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ибн Хишам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%DA%AA_%D8%A8%D9%86_%DA%BE%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عبدالملڪ بن ھشام – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عبدالملڪ بن ھشام" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%86_%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ئیبن ھیشام – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیبن ھیشام" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ибн Хишам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ибн Хишам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hi%C5%A1am" title="Ibn Hišam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ibn Hišam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hisham" title="Ibn Hisham – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ibn Hisham" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hisham" title="Ibn Hisham – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ibn Hisham" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn-i_Hi%C5%9Fam" title="İbn-i Hişam – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İbn-i Hişam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ібн Хішам – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ібн Хішам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%DB%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ابن ہشام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابن ہشام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E5%A4%8F%E5%A7%86" title="伊本·希夏姆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊本·希夏姆" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the grammarian, see <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hisham_al-Ansari" title="Ibn Hisham al-Ansari">Ibn Hisham al-Ansari</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Muslim scholar and historian (died 833)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;"><div class="fn">Ibn Hisham</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 May 833/13 Rabīʿ II 218</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_golden_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic golden age">Islamic golden age</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid era</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main interest(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Prophetic biography</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>The Life of the Prophet</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Muslim leader</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Influenced by</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ishaq" title="Ibn Ishaq">Ibn Ishaq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abu Muhammad Abd al-Malik ibn Hisham ibn Ayyub al-Himyari</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أَبُو مُحَمَّدٌ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Hishām ibn Ayyūb al-Ḥimyarī</i></span>; died 7 May 833),<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> known simply as <b>Ibn Hisham</b>, was a 9th-century Muslim historian and scholar.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He grew up in <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a>, in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and later moved to Egypt. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hisham&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ibn Hisham has been said to have grown up in <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a> and moved afterwards to <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Suqa_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suqa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family was native to Basra but he himself was born in <a href="/wiki/Old_Cairo" title="Old Cairo">Old Cairo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He gained a name as a grammarian and student of language and history in Egypt. His family was of <a href="/wiki/Himyarite" class="mw-redirect" title="Himyarite">Himyarite</a> origin and belonged to Banu Ma‘afir tribe of <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography_of_Muḥammad"><span id="Biography_of_Mu.E1.B8.A5ammad"></span>Biography of Muḥammad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hisham&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biography of Muḥammad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Al-Sirah_al-Nabawiyyah_(Ibn_Hisham)" title="Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Ibn Hisham)">Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Ibn Hisham)</a></div> <p><i>As-Sīrah an-Nabawiyyah</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">السيرة النبوية</span></span>), 'The Life of the Prophet'; is an edited recension of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ishaq" title="Ibn Ishaq">Ibn Isḥāq</a>'s classic <i>Sīratu Rasūli l-Lāh</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سيرة رسول الله</span></span>) 'The Life of God's Messenger'.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibn Isḥāq's now lost work survives only in Ibn Hishām's and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Jarir_al-Tabari" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari">al-Tabari</a>'s recensions, although fragments of several others survive,<sup id="cite_ref-Donner_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ibn Hishām and <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">al-Tabarī</a> share virtually the same material.<sup id="cite_ref-Donner_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:442px;max-width:442px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:214px;max-width:214px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:258px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PERF_No._665.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/PERF_No._665.jpg/212px-PERF_No._665.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/PERF_No._665.jpg/318px-PERF_No._665.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/PERF_No._665.jpg/424px-PERF_No._665.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="975" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:220px;max-width:220px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:258px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PERFNo._666.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/PERFNo._666.jpg/218px-PERFNo._666.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/PERFNo._666.jpg/327px-PERFNo._666.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/PERFNo._666.jpg/436px-PERFNo._666.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="952" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">PERF No. 665: The earliest extant manuscript of The Sirah Of Prophet Muḥammad by Ibn Hishām. This manuscript is believed to be transmitted by students of Ibn Hishām (d. 218 AH /834 CE), perhaps soon after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>Ibn Hishām explains in the preface of the work, the criteria by which he made his choice from the original work of Ibn Isḥāq in the tradition of his disciple Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi (d. 799). Accordingly, Ibn Hishām omits stories from <i>Al-Sīrah</i> that contain no mention of Muḥammad,<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> certain poems, traditions whose accuracy Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> could not confirm, and offensive passages that could offend the reader.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Tabari includes controversial episodes of the <a href="/wiki/Satanic_Verses" title="Satanic Verses">Satanic Verses</a> including an apocryphal story about Muḥammad's attempted suicide.<sup id="cite_ref-EQ-Sira_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EQ-Sira-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibn Hishām gives more accurate versions of the poems he includes and supplies explanations of difficult terms and phrases of the Arabic language, additions of genealogical content to certain proper names, and brief descriptions of the places mentioned in <i>Al-Sīrah</i>. Ibn Hishām appends his notes to the corresponding passages of the original text with the words: "qāla Ibn Hishām" (Ibn Hishām says).<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translations_and_editions">Translations and editions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hisham&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Translations and editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Later Ibn Hishām's <i>As-Sira</i> would chiefly be transmitted by his pupil, Ibn al-Barqī.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This treatment of Ibn Ishāq's work was circulated to scholars in <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Cordoba</a> in <a href="/wiki/Al_Andalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Andalus">Islamic Spain</a> by around 864. The first printed edition was published in Arabic by the German orientalist <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_W%C3%BCstenfeld" title="Ferdinand Wüstenfeld">Ferdinand Wüstenfeld</a>, in <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a> (1858-1860). The <i>Life of Moḥammad According to Moḥammed b. Ishāq</i>, ed. 'Abd al-Malik b. Hisham. Gustav Weil (Stuttgart 1864) was the first published translation. </p><p>In the 20th century the book has been printed several times in the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESezgin1967298_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESezgin1967298-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German orientalist Gernot Rotter produced an abridged (about one third) German translation of <i>The life of the Prophet. As-Sīra An-Nabawīya</i>. (Spohr, Kandern in the Black Forest 1999). An English translation by the British orientalist <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Guillaume" title="Alfred Guillaume">Alfred Guillaume</a>: The Life of Muhammad. A translation of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah. (1955); 11th edition. (Oxford University Press, Karachi 1996). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Another_Works">Another Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hisham&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Another Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ibn Hisham also known as the author of the commentaries of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Crowns_on_the_Kings_of_Himyar" title="The Book of Crowns on the Kings of Himyar">The Book of Crowns on the Kings of Himyar</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Arabic_Literature_Volume_1;_Ibn_Hisham_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Arabic_Literature_Volume_1;_Ibn_Hisham-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Islamic_Culture_Volume_2;_Wahb_Munabbih_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islamic_Culture_Volume_2;_Wahb_Munabbih-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibn Hisham reported that he acquired the book narrative from 'Abd al-mun'im idris.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Rise_of_Historical_Writing_Among_the_Arabs;_Ibn_Hisham_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Rise_of_Historical_Writing_Among_the_Arabs;_Ibn_Hisham-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibn Hisham, who authored the commentaries of this book, also gave his own analysis that the Yemen region name were given from their primordial founder, <a href="/wiki/Ya%27rub" title="Ya'rub">Ya'rub</a> (son of <a href="/wiki/Qahtanite" title="Qahtanite">Qahtan</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Donzelp483_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donzelp483-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), who also known by his other name, "Yaman".<sup id="cite_ref-Approaches_to_Arabic_Linguistics_Presented_to_Kees_Versteegh_on_the_Occasion_of_His_Sixtieth_Birthday;_Wahb_ibn_Munabbih_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Approaches_to_Arabic_Linguistics_Presented_to_Kees_Versteegh_on_the_Occasion_of_His_Sixtieth_Birthday;_Wahb_ibn_Munabbih-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_editions">Published editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hisham&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Published editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English">English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hisham&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Al falah foundation. Cairo, Egypt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SiratIbnHishamBiographyOfTheProphet-">online link</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arabic">Arabic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hisham&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Arabic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/02_20210625_202106">online link</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_works">Other works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hisham&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Crowns_on_the_Kings_of_Himyar" title="The Book of Crowns on the Kings of Himyar">Kitab al-Tijan li ma'rifati muluk al-zamān fi akhbar Qahtān</a></i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كتاب التيجان لمعرفة ملوك الزمان في أخبار قحطان</span></span>) 'The Book of Crowns, on the kings of yesteryear in the accounts of the <a href="/wiki/Qahtanite" title="Qahtanite">Qahtān</a>' (in Arabic); a genealogical work with historico-legendary accounts of the <a href="/wiki/South_Arabia" title="South Arabia">southern Arabs</a> and their monuments in pre-Islamic times.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESezgin1967299,_n.2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESezgin1967299,_n.2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hisham&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Prophetic biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biographies_of_Muhammad" title="List of biographies of Muhammad">List of biographies of Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Islamic scholars">List of Islamic scholars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hisham&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi (d. 183/799), lived mostly in <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>. Ibn Hishām's knowledge of Ibn Isḥāq's biography derived from al-Baqqāʾi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">‘Abd al-Mun’im ibn Idris ibn Sinan were acknowledged as author of Hadith chain traditions and lores. he is gained notoriety for being trustworthy that various Hadith scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Daraqutni" title="Al-Daraqutni">al-Daraqutni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Madini" title="Ali ibn al-Madini">Ali ibn al-Madini</a> and Abu Zur’ah deemed him as liar and weak as narrator.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hisham&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNadwi_Muinuddin1929" class="citation book cs1">Nadwi Muinuddin (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.86282"><i>Catalogue Of The Arabic And Persian Manuscripts Vol Xv</i></a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.86282/page/n190">182</a>-183.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+Of+The+Arabic+And+Persian+Manuscripts+Vol+Xv&rft.pages=182-183&rft.date=1929&rft.au=Nadwi+Muinuddin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.86282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Hisham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kathryn Kueny, <i>The Rhetoric of Sobriety: Wine in Early Islam</i>, pg. 59. <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a>: <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="State University of New York Press">State University of New York Press</a>, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780791490181" title="Special:BookSources/9780791490181">9780791490181</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suqa-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Suqa_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mustafa al-Suqa, Ibrahim al-Abyari and Abdul-Hafidh Shalabi, <i>Tahqiq Sirah an-Nabawiyyah li Ibn Hisham</i>, ed.: Dar Ihya al-Turath, pp. 23-4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuir1861" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Muir" title="William Muir">Muir, William</a> (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifemahometandh03muirgoog/page/n124/mode/2up"><i>The Life of Mahomet: With Introductory Chapters on the Original Sources for the Biography of Mahomet, and on the Pre-Islamite History of Arabia</i></a>. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Smith,_Elder_%26_Co." title="Smith, Elder & Co.">Smith, Elder & Co.</a> p. xciv.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Mahomet%3A+With+Introductory+Chapters+on+the+Original+Sources+for+the+Biography+of+Mahomet%2C+and+on+the+Pre-Islamite+History+of+Arabia&rft.place=London%3A+Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co.&rft.pages=xciv&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifemahometandh03muirgoog%2Fpage%2Fn124%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Hisham" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMustafa_al-Suqa,_Ibrahim_al-Abyari_and_Abdul-Hafidh_Shalabi" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mustafa al-Suqa, Ibrahim al-Abyari and Abdul-Hafidh Shalabi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/abbottabad-compound/E1/E155726E70A7FD512F51620A744D2BC6_ƒΘ½∩⌐í%20ƒΘδáφ∩í%20Θƒáδ%20∞¼ƒΩ.pdf"><i>Tahqiq Sirah an-Nabawiyyah li Ibn Hisham</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Arabic). pp. 44–45–46.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tahqiq+Sirah+an-Nabawiyyah+li+Ibn+Hisham&rft.pages=44-45-46&rft.au=Mustafa+al-Suqa%2C+Ibrahim+al-Abyari+and+Abdul-Hafidh+Shalabi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fabbottabad-compound%2FE1%2FE155726E70A7FD512F51620A744D2BC6_%C6%92%CE%98%C2%BD%E2%88%A9%E2%8C%90%C3%AD%2520%C6%92%CE%98%CE%B4%C3%A1%CF%86%E2%88%A9%C3%AD%2520%CE%98%C6%92%C3%A1%CE%B4%2520%E2%88%9E%C2%BC%C6%92%CE%A9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Hisham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mahmood ul-Hasan, <i>Ibn Al-At̲h̲ir: An Arab Historian : a Critical Analysis of His Tarikh-al-kamil and Tarikh-al-atabeca</i>, pg. 71. <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>: Northern Book Center, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788172111540" title="Special:BookSources/9788172111540">9788172111540</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Antonie Wessels, <i>A Modern Arabic Biography of Muḥammad: A Critical Study of Muḥammad Ḥusayn</i>, pg. 1. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>, 1972.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ira M. Lapidus, <i>A History of Islamic Societies</i>, pg. 18. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521779333" title="Special:BookSources/9780521779333">9780521779333</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Donner-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Donner_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Donner_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonner1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Donner" title="Fred Donner">Donner, Fred McGraw</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/NarrativesOfIslamicOriginsTheBeginningsOfIslamicHistoricalWriting/mode/2up"><i>Narratives of Islamic origins: the beginnings of Islamic historical writing</i></a>. Darwin Press. p. 132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87850-127-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87850-127-4"><bdi>978-0-87850-127-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narratives+of+Islamic+origins%3A+the+beginnings+of+Islamic+historical+writing&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Darwin+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87850-127-4&rft.aulast=Donner&rft.aufirst=Fred+McGraw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FNarrativesOfIslamicOriginsTheBeginningsOfIslamicHistoricalWriting%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Hisham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.islamic-awareness.org/hadith/perf665">"PERF No. 665: The Earliest Extant Manuscript Of The Sirah Of Prophet Muhammad By Ibn Hisham"</a>. <i>www.islamic-awareness.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.islamic-awareness.org&rft.atitle=PERF+No.+665%3A+The+Earliest+Extant+Manuscript+Of+The+Sirah+Of+Prophet+Muhammad+By+Ibn+Hisham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamic-awareness.org%2Fhadith%2Fperf665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Hisham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Abbott, Studies In Arabic Literary Papyri: Historical Texts, 1957, Volume I, University of Chicago Press: Chicago (USA), p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery_Watt1968" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Montgomery Watt, W. (1968). "Ibn Hishām". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. pp. 800–801. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004081186" title="Special:BookSources/9004081186"><bdi>9004081186</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ibn+Hish%C4%81m&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=800-801&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=9004081186&rft.aulast=Montgomery+Watt&rft.aufirst=W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Hisham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolland2012" class="citation book cs1">Holland, Tom (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1f_BR2DulRIC&q=%22matters+which+would+distress+certain+people%22&pg=PT51"><i>In the Shadow of the Sword</i></a>. Doubleday. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385531368" title="Special:BookSources/9780385531368"><bdi>9780385531368</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Shadow+of+the+Sword&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780385531368&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1f_BR2DulRIC%26q%3D%2522matters%2Bwhich%2Bwould%2Bdistress%2Bcertain%2Bpeople%2522%26pg%3DPT51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Hisham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewbyIbn_Isḥāq1989" class="citation book cs1">Newby, Gordon Darnell; Ibn Isḥāq, Muḥammad (1989). <i>The Making of the Last Prophet: A Reconstruction of the Earliest Biography of Muhammad</i>. University of South Carolina Press. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Last+Prophet%3A+A+Reconstruction+of+the+Earliest+Biography+of+Muhammad&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Newby&rft.aufirst=Gordon+Darnell&rft.au=Ibn+Is%E1%B8%A5%C4%81q%2C+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Hisham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EQ-Sira-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EQ-Sira_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raven, Wim, Sīra and the Qurʾān – Ibn Isḥāq and his editors, <i>Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an</i>. Ed. Jane Dammen McAuliffe. Vol. 5. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers, 2006. p. 29-51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf., Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume's reconstruction, at pp. 165-167) and al-Tabari (SUNY edition, at VI: 107-112).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSezgin1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fuat_Sezgin" title="Fuat Sezgin">Sezgin, Fuat</a> (1967). <i>Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums</i>. Vol. 1. Leiden: <a href="/wiki/Brill_publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill publishers">Brill</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+des+arabischen+Schrifttums&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Sezgin&rft.aufirst=Fuat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Hisham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESezgin1967298-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESezgin1967298_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSezgin1967">Sezgin 1967</a>, p. 298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Arabic_Literature_Volume_1;_Ibn_Hisham-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Arabic_Literature_Volume_1;_Ibn_Hisham_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulie_Scott_MeisamiPaul_Starkey1998" class="citation book cs1">Julie Scott Meisami; Paul Starkey (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sx1bqgibKhQC"><i>Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature Volume 1</i></a>. Routledge. p. 335. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415185714" title="Special:BookSources/9780415185714"><bdi>9780415185714</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Arabic+Literature+Volume+1&rft.pages=335&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780415185714&rft.au=Julie+Scott+Meisami&rft.au=Paul+Starkey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsx1bqgibKhQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Hisham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sezgin, Fuat (1967). Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Islamic_Culture_Volume_2;_Wahb_Munabbih-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Islamic_Culture_Volume_2;_Wahb_Munabbih_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarmaduke_William_Pickthall1928" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marmaduke_Pickthall" title="Marmaduke Pickthall">Marmaduke William Pickthall</a> (1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wYUSAAAAIAAJ"><i>Islamic Culture Volume 2</i></a>. Islamic Culture Board. p. 56<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Culture+Volume+2&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Islamic+Culture+Board&rft.date=1928&rft.au=Marmaduke+William+Pickthall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwYUSAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Hisham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMawlana_'Abd_al-Hayy_al-Lakhnawi" class="citation web cs1">Mawlana 'Abd al-Hayy al-Lakhnawi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deoband.org/2010/08/theology-rulings/the-severity-of-narrating-fabricated-reports-on-the-praise-of-the-prophet-allah-bless-him-and-grant-him-peace/">"Narrating Fabricated Reports on the Praise of the Prophet"</a>. <i>Deoband.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2024</span>. <q>Al-Athar al-Marfu'ah fi l-Akhbar al-Mawdu'ah, pp.16-35 ; From Majmu'ah Rasa'il al-Lakhnawi, volume 5, Edited by: Na'im Ashraf Nur Ahmad, Published by: Intisharat Shaykh al-Islam Ahmad Jami</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deoband.org&rft.atitle=Narrating+Fabricated+Reports+on+the+Praise+of+the+Prophet&rft.au=Mawlana+%27Abd+al-Hayy+al-Lakhnawi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deoband.org%2F2010%2F08%2Ftheology-rulings%2Fthe-severity-of-narrating-fabricated-reports-on-the-praise-of-the-prophet-allah-bless-him-and-grant-him-peace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Hisham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Rise_of_Historical_Writing_Among_the_Arabs;_Ibn_Hisham-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Rise_of_Historical_Writing_Among_the_Arabs;_Ibn_Hisham_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbd_Al-Aziz_Duri2014" class="citation book cs1">Abd Al-Aziz Duri (2014). <a href="/wiki/Fred_Donner" title="Fred Donner">Donner, Fred</a>; Conrad, Lawrence I. 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J. (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islamicdeskrefer00donz_0"><i>Islamic desk reference</i></a></span> (Illustrated ed.). BRILL. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islamicdeskrefer00donz_0/page/483">483</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004097384" title="Special:BookSources/9789004097384"><bdi>9789004097384</bdi></a>. <q>ya'rub arab.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+desk+reference&rft.pages=483&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9789004097384&rft.aulast=van+Donzel&rft.aufirst=E.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislamicdeskrefer00donz_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Hisham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Approaches_to_Arabic_Linguistics_Presented_to_Kees_Versteegh_on_the_Occasion_of_His_Sixtieth_Birthday;_Wahb_ibn_Munabbih-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Approaches_to_Arabic_Linguistics_Presented_to_Kees_Versteegh_on_the_Occasion_of_His_Sixtieth_Birthday;_Wahb_ibn_Munabbih_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC.H.M._Versteegh2007" class="citation book cs1">C.H.M. Versteegh (2007). Ditters, Everhard; Motzki, Harald (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UnazNKWqAC"><i>Approaches to Arabic Linguistics Presented to Kees Versteegh on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday</i></a>. Brill. p. 203. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004160156" title="Special:BookSources/9789004160156"><bdi>9789004160156</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Approaches+to+Arabic+Linguistics+Presented+to+Kees+Versteegh+on+the+Occasion+of+His+Sixtieth+Birthday&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9789004160156&rft.au=C.H.M.+Versteegh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di2UnazNKWqAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Hisham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Printed in Hyderabad (India), 1928.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESezgin1967299,_n.2-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESezgin1967299,_n.2_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSezgin1967">Sezgin 1967</a>, p. 299, n.2.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_links">External links</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hisham&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Arabic <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="ar" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ar:%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%81:%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="s:ar:مؤلف:ابن هشام">Ibn Hisham</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muslimscholars.info/manage.php?submit=scholar&ID=20119">Biodata from Arees Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040625103910/http://www.hraic.org/hadith/ibn_ishaq.html#The#The">The earliest biography of Muhammad, by ibn Ishaq in English</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5631940._Abd_Al_Malik_Ibn_Hisham">Bibliography</a> at <a href="/wiki/Goodreads" title="Goodreads">Goodreads</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historians_of_Islam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historians of Islam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muslim_historians" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_historians" title="List of Muslim historians">Muslim historians</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aban_bin_Uthman_bin_Affan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aban bin Uthman bin Affan"> Aban bin Uthman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urwah_ibn_Zubayr" class="mw-redirect" title="Urwah ibn Zubayr">Urwah ibn Zubayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri">Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_al-Kalbi" title="Hisham ibn al-Kalbi">Hisham ibn al-Kalbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ishaq" title="Ibn Ishaq">Ibn Ishaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Waqidi" title="Al-Waqidi">Al-Waqidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mikhnaf" title="Abu Mikhnaf">Abu Mikhnaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayf_ibn_Umar" title="Sayf ibn Umar">Sayf ibn Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mada%27ini" title="Al-Mada'ini">Al-Mada'ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Lahi%27a" title="Ibn Lahi'a">Ibn Lahi'a</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%CA%BDAbd_al-Hakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn ʽAbd al-Hakam">Ibn ʽAbd al-Hakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalifah_ibn_Khayyat" title="Khalifah ibn Khayyat">Khalifah ibn Khayyat</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ibn Hisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27qubi" title="Ya'qubi">Ya'qubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">Al-Tabari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baladhuri" title="Al-Baladhuri">Al-Baladhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Sa%27d" title="Ibn Sa'd">Ibn Sa'd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zubayr_ibn_Bakkar" title="Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar">Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Azraqi" title="Al-Azraqi">Al-Azraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa_Dinawari" title="Abu Hanifa Dinawari">Abu Hanifa Dinawari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Qutaybah" title="Ibn Qutaybah">Ibn Qutaybah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mada%27ini" title="Al-Mada'ini">Al-Mada'ini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Nadim" title="Ibn al-Nadim">Ibn al-Nadim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Duraid" title="Ibn Duraid">Ibn Duraid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Q%C5%AB%E1%B9%ADiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Qūṭiyya">Ibn al-Qūṭiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masudi" title="Al-Masudi">Al-Masudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miskawayh" title="Miskawayh">Miskawayh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_bin_Yahya_al-Suli" title="Abu Bakr bin Yahya al-Suli">al-Suli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadi_al-Nu%27man" title="Al-Qadi al-Nu'man">Al-Qadi al-Nu'man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Arab" title="Abu al-Arab">Abu al-Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Hasan_al-Hamdani" title="Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani"> Abu Muhammad al-Hamdani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musabbihi" title="Al-Musabbihi">Al-Musabbihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Yusuf_al-Kindi" title="Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Kindi">al-Kindi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Faradi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Faradi">Ibn Faradi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hayyan" title="Ibn Hayyan">Ibn Hayyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_al-Andalusi" title="Said al-Andalusi">Said al-Andalusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Udri" title="Al-Udri">Al-Udri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bakri" title="Al-Bakri">Al-Bakri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hazm" title="Ibn Hazm">Ibn Hazm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilal_al-Sabi%27" title="Hilal al-Sabi'">Hilal al-Sabi'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khatib_al-Baghdadi" title="Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi">Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Quda%27i" title="Al-Quda'i">Al-Quda'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Bassam" title="Ibn Bassam">Ibn Bassam</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fadl_Bayhaqi" title="Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi">Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_Gardezi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Sa'id Gardezi">Abu Sa'id Gardezi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Baydhaq" title="Mohammed al-Baydhaq">Mohammed al-Baydhaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jawzi" title="Ibn al-Jawzi">Ibn al-Jawzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Latif_al-Baghdadi" title="Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi">Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Qalanisi" title="Ibn al-Qalanisi">Ibn al-Qalanisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%CA%BDAsakir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn ʽAsakir">Ibn ʽAsakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usama_ibn_Munqidh" title="Usama ibn Munqidh">Usama ibn Munqidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imad_ad-Din_al-Isfahani" class="mw-redirect" title="Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani">Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baha_ad-Din_ibn_Shaddad" title="Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad">Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hammad_(historian)" title="Ibn Hammad (historian)">Ibn Hammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jawwani" title="Al-Jawwani">Al-Jawwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Sam%27ani" title="Ibn al-Sam'ani">Ibn al-Sam'ani</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Ali_Rawandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad bin Ali Rawandi">Muhammad bin Ali Rawandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqut_al-Hamawi" title="Yaqut al-Hamawi">Yaqut al-Hamawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Wahid_al-Marrakushi" title="'Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi">'Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Amira" title="Ibn Amira">Ibn Amira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Jubayr" title="Ibn Jubayr">Ibn Jubayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Kardab%C5%ABs" title="Ibn al-Kardabūs">Ibn al-Kardabūs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Adim" title="Ibn al-Adim">Ibn al-Adim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Athir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn al-Athir">Ibn al-Athir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibt_ibn_al-Jawzi" title="Sibt ibn al-Jawzi">Sibt ibn al-Jawzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khallikan" title="Ibn Khallikan">Ibn Khallikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qifti" title="Al-Qifti">Al-Qifti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_Zar" title="Ibn Abi Zar">Ibn Abi Zar</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Bibi" title="Ibn Bibi">Ibn Bibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Aufi" title="Muhammad Aufi">Muhammad Aufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Isfandiyar" title="Ibn Isfandiyar">Ibn Isfandiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhaj-i_Siraj_Juzjani" title="Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani">Minhaj-i-Siraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata-Malik_Juvayni" title="Ata-Malik Juvayni">Ata-Malik Juvayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid-al-Din_Hamadani" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashid-al-Din Hamadani">Rashid-al-Din Hamadani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fida" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fida">Abu'l-Fida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Idhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Idhari">Ibn Idhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dhahabi" title="Al-Dhahabi">Al-Dhahabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Khatib" title="Ibn al-Khatib">Ibn al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Fadlallah_al-Umari" title="Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari">Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Tiqtaqa" title="Ibn al-Tiqtaqa">Ibn al-Tiqtaqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Furat" title="Ibn al-Furat">Ibn al-Furat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mufaddal_ibn_Abi_al-Fada%27il" title="Al-Mufaddal ibn Abi al-Fada'il">Al-Mufaddal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-%CA%BDAsqalani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Hajar al-ʽAsqalani">al-ʽAsqalani</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamdallah_Mustawfi" title="Hamdallah Mustawfi">Hamdallah Mustawfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassaf" title="Wassaf">Wassaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziauddin_Barani" title="Ziauddin Barani">Ziauddin Barani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz-i_Abru" title="Hafiz-i Abru">Hafiz-i Abru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maqrizi" title="Al-Maqrizi">al-Maqrizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taghribirdi" title="Ibn Taghribirdi">Ibn Taghribirdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sakhawi" title="Al-Sakhawi">Al-Sakhawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">Al-Suyuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ghazi_al-Miknasi" title="Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi">Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharaf_ad-Din_Ali_Yazdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi">Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirkhvand" title="Mirkhvand">Mirkhvand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullah_Nadiri" title="Mullah Nadiri">Mullah Nadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahir_al-Din_Mar%27ashi" title="Zahir al-Din Mar'ashi">Zahir al-Din Mar'ashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlallah_Khunji_Isfahani" title="Fazlallah Khunji Isfahani">Fazlallah Khunji Isfahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_Bitlisi" title="Idris Bitlisi">Idris Bitlisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_bin_Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi">Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oru%C3%A7_Bey" title="Oruç Bey">Oruç Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kpa%C5%9Fazade" title="Aşıkpaşazade">Aşıkpaşazade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enveri" title="Enveri">Enveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kemal" title="Ibn Kemal">Ibn Kemal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshri" class="mw-redirect" title="Neshri">Neshri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tursun_Beg" title="Tursun Beg">Tursun Beg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Iyas" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Iyas">Ibn Iyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujir_al-Din" title="Mujir al-Din">Mujir al-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Aziz_al-Fishtali" title="Abd al-Aziz al-Fishtali">Abd al-Aziz al-Fishtali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ibn_al-Qadi" title="Ahmad Ibn al-Qadi"> Ibn al-Qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%27i_al-Karmi" title="Mar'i al-Karmi">Mar'i al-Karmi</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak">Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khwandamir" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Khwandamir">Muhammad Khwandamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BDAbd_al-Qadir_Badayuni" title="ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni">ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Ahmad" title="Nizamuddin Ahmad">Nizamuddin Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firishta" title="Firishta">Firishta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Beg_Munshi" title="Iskandar Beg Munshi">Iskandar Beg Munshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharafkhan_Bidlisi" title="Sharafkhan Bidlisi">Sharafkhan Bidlisi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C3%82l%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa Âlî">Mustafa Âlî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCtfi_Pasha" title="Lütfi Pasha">Lûtfi Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrak%C3%A7%C4%B1_Nasuh" title="Matrakçı Nasuh">Matrakçı Nasuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadeddin_Effendi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadeddin Effendi">Sadeddin Effendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Selaniki" title="Mustafa Selaniki">Mustafa Selaniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fk%C3%B6pr%C3%BCzade" title="Taşköprüzade">Taşköprüzade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Mohammed_al-Maqqari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari">Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katib_%C3%87elebi" class="mw-redirect" title="Katib Çelebi">Katib Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Imad_al-Hanbali" title="Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali">Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaikh_Inayat_Allah_Kamboh" title="Shaikh Inayat Allah Kamboh">Shaikh Inayat Allah Kamboh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Saleh_Kamboh" title="Muhammad Saleh Kamboh">Muhammad Saleh Kamboh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Fattah_Fumani" title="Abd al-Fattah Fumani">Abd al-Fattah Fumani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsin_Fani" title="Mohsin Fani">Mohsin Fani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ottoman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Petchevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrahim Petchevi">Ibrahim Petchevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solakzade_Mehmed_Hemdemi" title="Solakzade Mehmed Hemdemi">Solakzade Mehmed Hemdemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2tip_%C3%87elebi" title="Kâtip Çelebi">Kâtip Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munejjim-bashi_Ahmed_Dede" title="Munejjim-bashi Ahmed Dede">Munejjim Bashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silahdar_Findiklili_Mehmed_Agha" title="Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha">Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Aga_of_Temesvar" title="Osman Aga of Temesvar">Osman Aga of Temesvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Naima" title="Mustafa Naima">Mustafa Naima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Burini" title="Al-Burini">Al-Hasan al-Burini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Abdi_Pasha_(court_historian)" title="Abdurrahman Abdi Pasha (court historian)">Abdi Pasha</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chagatai</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Ghazi_Bahadur" title="Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur">Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kurdish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Khani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Khani">Ahmad Khani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Ifrani" title="Mohammed al-Ifrani">Mohammed al-Ifrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Qadiri" title="Mohammed al-Qadiri">Mohammed al-Qadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Muradi" title="Khalil al-Muradi">Khalil al-Muradi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Zayyani" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zayyani">al-Zayyani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Jabarti" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti">al-Jabarti</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Mehdi_Khan_Astarabadi" title="Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi">Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abol-Hasan_Golestaneh" title="Abol-Hasan Golestaneh">Abol-Hasan Golestaneh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Resm%C3%AE_Efendi" title="Ahmed Resmî Efendi">Ahmed Resmî Efendi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Khalid_al-Nasiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn Khalid al-Nasiri">Ahmad ibn Khalid al-Nasiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Farid" title="Mohammad Farid">Mohammad Farid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abi_Diyaf" title="Ahmad ibn Abi Diyaf">Ahmad ibn Abi Diyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurji_Zaydan" title="Jurji Zaydan">Jurji Zaydan</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_Mirza_Qajar" title="Jalal al-Din Mirza Qajar">Jalal al-Din Mirza Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agha_Ahmad_Ali" title="Agha Ahmad Ali">Agha Ahmad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza-Qoli_Khan_Hedayat" title="Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat">Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ottoman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Amiri_(Turkish_historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Amiri (Turkish historian)">Ali Amiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Cevdet_Pasha" title="Ahmed Cevdet Pasha">Ahmed Cevdet Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Cevad_Pasha" title="Ahmed Cevad Pasha">Ahmed Cevad Pasha</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Azerbaijani</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Adigozal_bey" title="Mirza Adigozal bey">Mirza Adigozal bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_bey_Javanshir" title="Ahmad bey Javanshir">Ahmad bey Javanshir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karim_agha_Shakikhanov" title="Karim agha Shakikhanov">Karim agha Shakikhanov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kurdish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Bayazidi" title="Mahmud Bayazidi">Mahmud Bayazidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastoureh_Ardalan" title="Mastoureh Ardalan">Mastoureh Ardalan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Notable works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meadows_of_Gold" title="The Meadows of Gold">The Meadows of Gold</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Prophets_and_Kings" title="History of the Prophets and Kings">History of the Prophets and Kings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mu%27jam_al-Buldan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'jam al-Buldan">Mu'jam al-Buldan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concise_History_of_Humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Concise History of Humanity">Concise History of Humanity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_History" title="The Complete History">The Complete History</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Bidaya_wa%27l-Nihaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya">Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Remaining_Signs_of_Past_Centuries" title="The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries">The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Futuh_al-Buldan" title="Futuh al-Buldan">Futuh al-Buldan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-I%27tibar" title="Kitab al-I'tibar">Kitab al-I'tibar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Milal_wa_al-Nihal" title="Al-Milal wa al-Nihal">Al-Milal wa al-Nihal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Caliphs" title="History of the Caliphs">History of the Caliphs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Rawd_al-Mitar" title="Kitab al-Rawd al-Mitar">Kitab al-Rawd al-Mitar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarikh_al-Yaqubi" title="Tarikh al-Yaqubi">Tarikh al-Yaqubi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muqaddimah" title="Muqaddimah">Muqaddimah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Idols" title="Book of Idols">Book of Idols</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rihla" title="Rihla">Rihla</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Isnad" title="Isnad">Isnad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_evaluation" title="Biographical evaluation">Biographical evaluation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_dictionary" title="Biographical dictionary">Biographical dictionary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hadith_studies" title="Hadith studies">Hadith studies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabaqat" title="Tabaqat">Tabaqat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isra%27iliyyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra'iliyyat">Isra'iliyyat</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461096#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461096#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461096#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/88038425">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1802287/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkdfPMQ8GqRhfwYWrRYfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11855526X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82217749">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11956088k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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