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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ibn Kathir</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%8A" title="ابن كثير الدمشقي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ابن كثير الدمشقي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0" title="ইবনে কাসির – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইবনে কাসির" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn-Kesir" title="Ibn-Kesir – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ibn-Kesir" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kath%C4%ABr" title="Ibn Kathīr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ibn Kathīr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ibn Kathir" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%AB%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ابن کثیر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابن کثیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ibn Kathir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%90_%EC%B9%B4%ED%8B%B0%EB%A5%B4" title="이븐 카티르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이븐 카티르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ibn Kathir" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="इब्ने कसीर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इब्ने कसीर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Katsir" title="Ibnu Katsir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ibnu Katsir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ibn Kathir" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_bin_Katsir" title="Ismail bin Katsir – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ismail bin Katsir" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇಬ್ನ್ ಕಸೀರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಬ್ನ್ ಕಸೀರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Ибн Касир – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ибн Касир" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ebn_Kes%C3%AEr" title="Îbn Kesîr – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îbn Kesîr" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kasz%C3%ADr" title="Ibn Kaszír – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ibn Kaszír" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A5%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BC" title="ഇബ്‌നു കഥീർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇബ്‌നു കഥീർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ابن كثير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابن كثير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Kathir" title="Ibnu Kathir – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ibnu Kathir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Ибн Касир – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ибн Касир" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ibn Kathir" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kasir" title="Ibn Kasir – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ibn Kasir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%AB%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ابن کثیر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابن کثیر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ابن کثير – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ابن کثير" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ibn Kathir" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibne_Catir" title="Ibne Catir – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ibne Catir" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Ибн Касир – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ибн Касир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%AB%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ابن کثیر – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ابن کثیر" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ib%C3%ABn_Kethiri" title="Ibën Kethiri – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ibën Kethiri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ئیبن کەسیر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیبن کەسیر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ibn Kathir" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ibn Kathir" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இப்னு கதீர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இப்னு கதீர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇబ్న్ కసీర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇబ్న్ కసీర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3" title="อิบน์ กะษีร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิบน์ กะษีร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn_Kesir" title="İbn Kesir – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İbn Kesir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%80" title="Ібн Касір – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ібн Касір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%AB%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ابن کثیر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابن کثیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%83%DB%95%D8%B3%D9%89%D8%B1" title="ئىبنى كەسىر – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىبنى كەسىر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q369690#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Arab Islamic exegete, historian and scholar (c. 1300–1373)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the canonical Qur'an transmitter, see <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir_al-Makki" title="Ibn Kathir al-Makki">Ibn Kathir al-Makki</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;"><div class="fn">Ibn Kathir<br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">اِبْنُ كَثِيرٍ</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1300</span> (701 <a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">AH</a>)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Bosra" title="Bosra">Bosra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Sham" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Sham">Sham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk Sultanate</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 February 1373 (774 AH)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, Mamluk Sultanate (now <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data">Medieval Era (<a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sham" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Sham">Sham</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Denomination</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisprudence</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Shafi%E2%80%99i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi’i">Shafi’i</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creed</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Athari" class="mw-redirect" title="Athari">Athari</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main interest(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">exegesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">jurisprudence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah">creed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_Ibn_Kathir" title="Tafsir Ibn Kathir">Tafsir Ibn Kathir</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Bidaya_wa_l-Nihaya" title="Al-Bidaya wa l-Nihaya">Tarikh Ibn Kathir</a></i><br /><i>Kitab al-jami'</i><sup id="cite_ref-brit_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>al-Sira al-Nabawiyya</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Scholar</a></li> <li>historian</li> <li>exegete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faq%C4%ABh" title="Faqīh">jurist</a></li> <li>theologian</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Muslim leader</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Influenced by</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Asakir" title="Ibn Asakir">Ibn Asakir</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-arabnews.com_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arabnews.com-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Sharaf_al-Nawawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi">al-Nawawi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-arabnews.com_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arabnews.com-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyya" title="Ibn Taymiyya">Ibn Taymiyya</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">Al-Tabari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Dhahabi" title="Al-Dhahabi">Al-Dhahabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Qayyim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Qayyim">Ibn al-Qayyim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b><a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Arabic name</a></b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.4em; line-height:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Ism_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ism (name)">Personal <small>(<i>Ism</i>)</small></a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ismāʿīl<br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">إسماعيل</span>‎</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.4em; line-height:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Nasab" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasab">Patronymic <small>(<i>Nasab</i>)</small></a></th><td class="infobox-data">ibn ʿUmar ibn Kaṯīr <br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">بن عمر بن كثير</span>‎</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.4em; line-height:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Kunya_(Arabic)" title="Kunya (Arabic)">Teknonymic <small>(<i>Kunya</i>)</small></a></th><td class="infobox-data">Abū l-Fidāʾ<br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">أبو الفداء</span>‎</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.4em; line-height:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Laqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Laqab">Epithet <small>(<i>Laqab</i>)</small></a></th><td class="infobox-data">ʿImād ud-Dīn<br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">عماد الدين</span>‎</span></span><br />"pillar of the faith"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.4em; line-height:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Nisba_(onomastics)" title="Nisba (onomastics)">Toponymic <small>(<i>Nisba</i>)</small></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Ad-Dimashqi</a><br />Al-Qurashi<br /><a href="/wiki/Bosra" title="Bosra">Al-Busrawi</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abu al-Fida Isma'il ibn Umar ibn Kathir al-Dimashqi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أبو الفداء إسماعيل بن عمر بن كثير الدمشقي</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Abū al-Fiḍā’ Ismā‘īl ibn ‘Umar ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī</i></span>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1300–1373</span>), known simply as <b>Ibn Kathir</b>, was an Arab Islamic exegete, historian and scholar. An expert on <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">tafsir</a></i></span> (Qur'anic exegesis), <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tarikh" title="Tarikh">tarikh</a></i></span> (history) and <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a></i></span> (jurisprudence), he is considered a leading authority on <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Busra" class="mw-redirect" title="Busra">Bostra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk Sultanate</a>, Ibn Kathir's teachers include <a href="/wiki/Al-Dhahabi" title="Al-Dhahabi">al-Dhahabi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyya" title="Ibn Taymiyya">Ibn Taymiyya</a>. He wrote several books, including a fourteen-volume universal history titled <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Al-Bidaya_wa%27l-Nihaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya">al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya</a></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">البداية والنهاية</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ludwig_20092_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludwig_20092-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His renowned <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">tafsir</i></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_Ibn_Kathir" title="Tafsir Ibn Kathir">Tafsir Ibn Kathir</a></i></span>, is recognized for its critical approach to <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Isra%CA%BCiliyyat" title="Israʼiliyyat">Israʼiliyyat</a></i></span>, especially among Western Muslims and <a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabi scholars</a>. His methodology largely derives from his teacher <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyya" title="Ibn Taymiyya">Ibn Taymiyya</a>, and differs from that of other earlier renowned exegetes such as <a href="/wiki/Tabari" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabari">Tabari</a>. He adhered to the <a href="/wiki/Athari" class="mw-redirect" title="Athari">Athari</a> school of Islamic theology. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Kathir&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His full name was <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Abū l-Fidāʾ Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUmar ibn Kaṯīr</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 100%;">أبو الفداء إسماعيل بن عمر بن كثير</span>‎</span></span>) and had the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">laqab</a></i></span> (epithet) of <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʿImād ad-Dīn</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 100%;">عماد الدين</span>‎</span></span> "pillar of the faith"). His family trace its lineage back to the tribe of <a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a>. He was born in Mijdal, a village on the outskirts of the city of <a href="/wiki/Busra" class="mw-redirect" title="Busra">Busra</a>, in the east of <a href="/wiki/Damascus,_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Damascus, Syria">Damascus, Syria</a>, around about <a href="/wiki/Anno_Hegirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Hegirae">AH</a> 701 (AD 1300/1).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was taught by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyya" title="Ibn Taymiyya">Ibn Taymiyya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Dhahabi" title="Al-Dhahabi">Al-Dhahabi</a>. </p><p>Upon completion of his studies he obtained his first official appointment in 1341, when he joined an inquisitorial commission formed to determine certain questions of heresy.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He married the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Al-Mizzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mizzi">Al-Mizzi</a>, one of the foremost Syrian scholars of the period, which gave him access to the scholarly elite. In 1345 he was made preacher (<i>khatib</i>) at a newly built mosque in Mizza, the hometown of his father-in-law. In 1366, he rose to a professorial position at the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque of Damascus">Great Mosque of Damascus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ibn_kathir_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibn_kathir-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In later life, he became blind.<sup id="cite_ref-Ludwig_2009_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludwig_2009-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attributes his blindness to working late at night on the <i><a href="/wiki/Musnad_Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Musnad</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ibn_Hanbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Ibn Hanbal">Ahmad Ibn Hanbal</a> in an attempt to rearrange it topically rather than by narrator. He died in February 1373 (<a href="/wiki/Anno_Hegirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Hegirae">AH</a> 774) in Damascus. He was buried next to his teacher <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyya" title="Ibn Taymiyya">Ibn Taymiyya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creed">Creed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Kathir&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Creed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zubayr_ibn_al-Awwam#Hadith_&_Legals" title="Zubayr ibn al-Awwam">Zubayr_ibn_al-Awwam § Hadith_&_Legals</a></div> <p>The records from modern researchers such as <a href="/wiki/Taha_Jabir_Alalwani" title="Taha Jabir Alalwani">Taha Jabir Alalwani</a>, Yazid Abdu al Qadir al-Jawas, and Barbara Stowasser has demonstrated important similarities between Ibn Kathir and his influential master <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Taymiyyah">Taqi al-Din Ibn Taymiyyah</a>, such as rejecting logical exegesis of <i><a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a></i>, advocating a militant <i><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a></i> and adhering to the renewal of one singular <i><a href="/wiki/Ummah" title="Ummah">Islamic ummah</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ahl_al_Hadith_traditionalist_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahl_al_Hadith_traditionalist-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Syarah_'Aqidah_Ahlussunnah_wal_Jama'ah_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syarah_'Aqidah_Ahlussunnah_wal_Jama'ah-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zubayr_ibn_awwam_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zubayr_ibn_awwam-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contemporary scholarship, Ibn Kathir is widely regarded as an anti-rationalistic, hadith oriented scholar who adhered to the <a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Athari creed</a>, much like his mentor Ibn Taymiyya.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Jane_Dammen_McAuliffe" title="Jane Dammen McAuliffe">Jane McAuliffe</a> in regards of Qur'anic exegesis, Ibn Kathir uses methods contrary to former Sunni scholars, and followed largely the methodology of Ibn Taymiyyah.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barbara Freyer contends that this anti-rationalistic, traditionalistic and hadith oriented approaches held by Ibn Kathir were shared not only by Ibn Taymiyyah,<sup id="cite_ref-Ahl_al_Hadith_traditionalist_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahl_al_Hadith_traditionalist-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hazm" title="Ibn Hazm">Ibn Hazm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Bukhari#School_of_thought" title="Muhammad al-Bukhari">Bukhari independent Madhhab</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lucas,_Scott_journall_bukhari_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucas,_Scott_journall_bukhari-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also scholars from <a href="/wiki/Jariri" class="mw-redirect" title="Jariri">Jariri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zahiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahiri">Zahiri</a> Maddhabs.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Lange_(Religious_studies)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Lange (Religious studies) (page does not exist)">Christian Lange</a>, although he was a <a href="/wiki/Shafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi">Shafi</a>, he was closely aligned with Damascene Hanbalism.<sup id="cite_ref-Lange-2016_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lange-2016-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 86">: 86 </span></sup> David L. Johnston described him as "the traditionist and Ash'arite Ibn Kathir".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taha Jabir Alalwani, Professor and President of <a href="/wiki/Cordoba_University" title="Cordoba University">Cordoba University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ashburn,_Virginia" title="Ashburn, Virginia">Ashburn, Virginia</a> maintains that these traditionalistic views of Ibn Kathir claimed by Salafists were rooted further to the generation of <a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Sahaba</a> <a href="/wiki/Salaf" title="Salaf">Salaf</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Zubayr_ibn_al-Awwam" title="Zubayr ibn al-Awwam">Zubayr ibn al-Awwam</a>, one of <a href="/wiki/The_ten_to_whom_Paradise_was_promised" title="The ten to whom Paradise was promised">The ten to whom Paradise was promised</a> also taught this view.<sup id="cite_ref-Zubayr_ibn_awwam_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zubayr_ibn_awwam-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary researchers notes that these anti rationalistic, anti Ash'arite methods of Ibn Kathir shared with his teacher Ibn Taimiyyah; were proven in his tafseer regarding the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Day of Resurrection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy" title="Hypocrisy">Hypocrisy</a> in Qur'an.<sup id="cite_ref-Syarah_'Aqidah_Ahlussunnah_wal_Jama'ah_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syarah_'Aqidah_Ahlussunnah_wal_Jama'ah-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ibn Kathir states: </p> <blockquote><p>"People have said a great deal on this topic and this is not the place to expound on what they have said. On this matter, we follow the early Muslims (<a href="/wiki/Salaf" title="Salaf">salaf</a>): <a href="/wiki/Malik" title="Malik">Malik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Awza%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Awza'i">Awza'i</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thawri" class="mw-redirect" title="Thawri">Thawri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Layth_ibn_Sa%27d" title="Al-Layth ibn Sa'd">Layth ibn Sa'd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'i">Shafi'i</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ishaq_Ibn_Rahwayh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh">Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh</a>, and others among the Imams of the Muslims, both ancient and modern that is, to let (the verse in question) pass as it has come, without saying how it is meant (<i>min ghayr takyif</i>), without likening it to created things (<i>wa la tashbih</i>), and without nullifying it (<i>wa la ta'til</i>): <i>The literal meaning (</i><a href="/wiki/Zahir_(Islam)" title="Zahir (Islam)">zahir</a><i>) that occurs to the minds of <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphists" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropomorphists">anthropomorphists</a> (</i>al-mushabbihin<i>) is negated of Allah</i>, for nothing from His creation resembles Him: "There is nothing whatsoever like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing" Rather this affair is like what the Grand Shaykh of Imam Bukhari Shaykh Naeem ibn Hamaad Khazaa'i said "Whosoever likens Allah to his Creation has done Kufr (disbelieved) and whosoever negates what Allah describes Himself with has also done Kufr (Disbelieved) There is nothing with what Allah describes Himself with nor his Prophet describes Allah with from likening Allah to his Creation (tashbeeh). Whosoever affirms for Allah what has reached Us from the Truthful Ayahs (verses) and Correct Hadeeth (Prophetic narrations) on the way that is befitting the Majesty of Allah while negating from Allah all defects indeed He has traveled the way of guidance." (Tafsir Ibn Kathir 7:54)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><br /> These words from Ibn Kathir were argued by <a href="/wiki/Athari" class="mw-redirect" title="Athari">Athari</a> scholarship as proof of Ibn Kathir not being Ash'arite. According to Salafi Muslims, since Ibn Kathir does not use logical rationale to reject anthropomorphism, he believed the attributes of God cannot be likened to creatures, while simultaneously affirming the verses and <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> about God's Attributes such as residence above His <a href="/wiki/Throne_of_God#Islam" title="Throne of God">Throne</a> and His Exaltation above all creatures.<sup id="cite_ref-Syarah_'Aqidah_Ahlussunnah_wal_Jama'ah2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syarah_'Aqidah_Ahlussunnah_wal_Jama'ah2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 205–207">: 205–207 </span></sup> Salafis rebut Ash'arite claims as <a href="/wiki/Formal_fallacy" title="Formal fallacy">Formal fallacy</a> regarding Ibn Kathir tafsir, and other claims such as four madhhab schools as supporting Ash'ari and Maturidites are fabrications. For this, they employ the reports from <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a> who rejected the views of those who were allegedly deemed as proto Asharites and Maturidites, the <a href="/wiki/Mutakallim" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutakallim">Mutakallim</a>, and deems them as not in Ahl as Sunnah teaching.<sup id="cite_ref-Syarah_'Aqidah_Ahlussunnah_wal_Jama'ah2_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syarah_'Aqidah_Ahlussunnah_wal_Jama'ah2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 43">: 43 </span></sup> According to Livnat Holtzman, historically the school of <i>Ahl al-Hadith</i> championed by none other than Ibn Kathir's master, Ibn Taymiyyah, had successfully crushed the interrogation and accusation from Ash'arite rational (Kalam) argumentations during the 13th AD century.<sup id="cite_ref-Anthropomorphism_in_Islam_The_Challenge_of_Traditionalism_(700-1350)_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthropomorphism_in_Islam_The_Challenge_of_Traditionalism_(700-1350)-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while modern scholars such as Marzuq at Tarifi,<sup id="cite_ref-Akidah_Khurasaniyyah_2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akidah_Khurasaniyyah_2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Sa'id Musfir al-Qahtani further posited that <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Ash%CA%BFari" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Ashʿari">Abu al-Hasan al-Ashʿari</a>, the eponym of Asharite school, himself was not fond of his "Asharite followers" and pointed out on his book, al-ibāna, that Abu al Hasan was teaching the method similar to Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Kathir, and rejected the <i>Ahl al Kalam</i> and <a href="/wiki/Maturidites" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturidites">Maturidites</a> such as Al-Razi.<sup id="cite_ref-Musfir_al_Qahtani_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musfir_al_Qahtani-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ensiklopedi_Aliran_dan_Madzhab_Di_Dunia_Islam_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ensiklopedi_Aliran_dan_Madzhab_Di_Dunia_Islam-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In summary, Jon Hoover outlined that Ibn Kathir stance according to scholars were orthodox traditionists and rejected the view of Mutakallims, just like the view of Salafi Muslims and their predecessor <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a> school.<sup id="cite_ref-hoover_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoover-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="View_of_some_Ash'arite_scholars"><span id="View_of_some_Ash.27arite_scholars"></span>View of some Ash'arite scholars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Kathir&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: View of some Ash'arite scholars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash'ari">Ash'ari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a></div> <p>In the modern times, Ibn Kathir's creed have sometimes been raised as a subject of disagreement between the Ash'arites, successor of <i><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a></i> rationalist school and the <a href="/wiki/Salafis" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafis">Salafis</a>, theorized by Jon Hoover as successor of <i><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a></i> traditionist school.<sup id="cite_ref-hoover_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoover-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Ash'arite theologians have claimed Ibn Kathir as an Ash'ari, pointing out some of his beliefs and sayings reported from his works, and to the fact that: </p> <ul><li>He belonged to the Shafi'i school of Islamic jurisprudence and was a professor of <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a> at the House of Hadith known as "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dar_al-Hadith_al-Ashrafiyya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dar al-Hadith al-Ashrafiyya (page does not exist)">Dar al-Hadith al-Ashrafiyya</a>" which was exclusively established for those aligned to the Ash'ari school of creed, as mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Taj_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taj al-Din al-Subki">Taj al-Din al-Subki</a> (d. 771/1370) in his <i>Tabaqat al-Shafi`iyya al-Kubra</i> (Comprehensive Biographical dictionary of Shafi'ites) that a condition to teach at the al-Ashrafiyya was to be Ash'ari in '<a href="/wiki/Aqida" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqida">aqida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ahl_al-Sunnah_al-Asha'irah_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahl_al-Sunnah_al-Asha'irah-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-%27Asqalani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani">Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani</a> (d. 852/1449) reported in his <i>al-Durar al-Kaminah</i> (The Hidden Pearls: on the Notables of the Eighth Islamic Century), that a dispute between Ibn Kathir and the son of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Qayyim_al-Jawziyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyya">Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyya</a> broke out over teaching position. It seems Ibn Kathir implied that the dislike for him is due to his Ash'ari roots, and once Ibn al-Qayyim's son confronted him about this and said that even if Ibn Kathir swore to high heavens that he wasn't upon the creed of Ibn Taymiyya, people wouldn't believe him, because his <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">sheikh</a> (teacher) is Ibn Taymiyya.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Kathir&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tafsir">Tafsir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Kathir&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tafsir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tafsir_Ibn_Kathir" title="Tafsir Ibn Kathir">Tafsir Ibn Kathir</a></div> <p>Ibn Kathir wrote a famous commentary on the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> named <i>Tafsīr al-Qurʾān <a href="/wiki/Al-%CA%BFA%E1%BA%93%C4%ABm" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-ʿAẓīm">al-ʿAẓīm</a></i> better known as <i><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_Ibn_Kathir" title="Tafsir Ibn Kathir">Tafsir Ibn Kathir</a></i> which linked certain <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a>, or sayings of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, and sayings of the <i><a href="/wiki/Sahaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahaba">sahaba</a></i> to verses of the Qur'an, in explanation and avoided the use of <a href="/wiki/Isra%27iliyyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra'iliyyat">Isra'iliyyats</a>. Many Sunni Muslims hold his commentary as the best after <a href="/wiki/Tafsir_al-Tabari" title="Tafsir al-Tabari">Tafsir al-Tabari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tafsir_al-Qurtubi" title="Tafsir al-Qurtubi">Tafsir al-Qurtubi</a> and it is highly regarded especially among <a href="/wiki/Salafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi">Salafi</a> school of thought.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Ibn Kathir claimed to rely on <a href="/wiki/At-Tabari" class="mw-redirect" title="At-Tabari">at-Tabari</a>, he introduced new methods and differs in content, in attempt to clear Islam from that he evaluates as Isra'iliyyat. His suspicion on Isra'iliyyat possibly derived from Ibn Taimiyya's influence, who discounted much of the exegetical tradition since then.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His <i>Tafsir</i> has gained widespread popularity in modern times, especially among Western Muslims, probably due to his straightforward approach, but also due to lack of alternative translations of traditional tafsirs.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibn Kathir's <i>Tafsir</i> work has played major impact in the contemporary movements of Islamic reform. <a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi</a> reformer <a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_Qasimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamal al-Din Qasimi">Jamal al-Din Qasimi</a>'s <i>Qurʾānic</i> exegsis <i>Maḥāsin al-taʾwīl</i> was greatly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Taymiyyah">Ibn Taymiyya</a> and Ibn Kathīr, which is evident from its emphasis on <i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">ḥadīth</a></i>, Scripturalist approaches, the rejection of <i><a href="/wiki/Isra%CA%BCiliyyat" title="Israʼiliyyat">Isrāʾīliyyāt</a></i>, and a polemical attitudes against the <i><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-raʾy</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 1920s onwards, Wahhabi scholars also contributed immensely to popularisation of ḥadīth-oriented hermeneutics and exegeses, such as Ibn Kathīr's and <a href="/wiki/Al-Baghawi" title="Al-Baghawi">al-Baghawī</a>’s <i><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Qurʾān</a></i> commentaries and Ibn Taymiyya’s <i>al-Muqaddima fī uṣūl al-tafsīr</i>, through printing press. The Wahhābī promotion of Ibn Taymiyya’s and Ibn Kathīr’s works through print publishing during the early twentieth century emerged instrumental in making these two scholars popular in the contemporary period and imparted a robust impact on modern exegetical works.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_academic_discourse">In academic discourse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Kathir&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In academic discourse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm</i> is controversial in western academic circles. <a href="/wiki/Henri_Laoust" title="Henri Laoust">Henri Laoust</a> regards it primary as a <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philological</a> work and "very elementary". <a href="/wiki/Norman_Calder" title="Norman Calder">Norman Calder</a> describes it as narrow-minded, dogmatic, and skeptical against the intellectual achievements of former exegetes. His concern is limited to rate the Quran by the corpus of Hadith and is the first, who flatly rates Jewish sources as unreliable, while simultaneously using them, just as prophetic hadith, selectively to support his prefabricated opinion.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Otherwise, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Dammen_McAuliffe" title="Jane Dammen McAuliffe">Jane Dammen McAuliffe</a> regards this tafsir as "deliberately and carefully selected, whose interpretation is unique to his own judgment to preserve, that he regards as best among his traditions."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unabridged_English_Translations">Unabridged English Translations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Kathir&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Unabridged English Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Exegesis of the Grand Holy Qur'an (4 volumes) by Dr. Muhammad Mahdi Al-Sharif. It was published in 2006 by Darul Kutub Al-'Ilmiyyah in Lebanon.</li> <li>Another translation by <a href="/wiki/Mawlana" class="mw-redirect" title="Mawlana">Mawlana</a> Muhammad Ameen Khaulwadiyah, the director of Darul Qasim in Glendale Heights, Chicago, Illinois is in progress. Only 2 volumes have been published so far.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hadith">Hadith</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Kathir&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hadith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Al-Jāmiʿ</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 100%;">الجامع</span>‎</span></span>) is a grand collection of <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a> texts intended for encyclopedic use. It is an alphabetical listing of the Companions of the Prophet and the sayings that each transmitted, thus reconstructing the chain of authority for each hadith.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Kathir&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Taymiyyah">Ibn Taymiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">Al-Tabari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qurtubi" title="Al-Qurtubi">Al-Qurtubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asad_Mayhani" title="Asad Mayhani">Asad Mayhani</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Kathir&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Netton2008" class="citation book cs1">Richard Netton, Ian (2008). <i>Encyclopedia of Islamic Civilisation and Religion</i>. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 256–257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-1588-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-1588-6"><bdi>978-0-7007-1588-6</bdi></a>. <q>Ibn Kathir, 'Imad Al-Din Ism'il Ibn 'Umar (AD 1300–73)... His reliance is totally upon hadith material; the era of Ibn Kathir, in fact, marks the triumph of traditionalism over the powers of rationalism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islamic+Civilisation+and+Religion&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxon&rft.pages=256-257&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7007-1588-6&rft.aulast=Richard+Netton&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkawa2013" class="citation journal cs1">Okawa, Reiko (March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/orient/48/0/48_57/_article">"Contemporary Muslim Intellectuals Who Publish Tafsīr Works in English: The Authority of Interpreters of the Qur'ān"</a>. <i>Orient</i>. <b>48</b>. The Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan: 71–72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5356%2Forient.48.57">10.5356/orient.48.57</a></span> – via JSTOR. <q>Philips is a follower of traditional literalist interpretation of the Qur'ān.... This is a basic and conservative method of interpreting the Qur'ān, which is used by traditionalist Muslim scholars such as Ibn Kathīr (d.1373)...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orient&rft.atitle=Contemporary+Muslim+Intellectuals+Who+Publish+Tafs%C4%ABr+Works+in+English%3A+The+Authority+of+Interpreters+of+the+Qur%27%C4%81n&rft.volume=48&rft.pages=71-72&rft.date=2013-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5356%2Forient.48.57&rft.aulast=Okawa&rft.aufirst=Reiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp%2Farticle%2Forient%2F48%2F0%2F48_57%2F_article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirza2014" class="citation journal cs1">Mirza, Younus Y. (1 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/jqs.2014.0130">"Was Ibn Kathīr the 'Spokesperson' for Ibn Taymiyya? Jonah as a Prophet of Obedience"</a>. <i>Journal of Qur'anic Studies</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fjqs.2014.0130">10.3366/jqs.2014.0130</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1465-3591">1465-3591</a>. <q>Jane McAullife remarks that 'certainly the most famous of Ibn Kathīr's teachers, and perhaps the one who influenced him the most, was the Ḥanbalī theologian and jurisconsult Ibn Taymiyyah'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Qur%27anic+Studies&rft.atitle=Was+Ibn+Kath%C4%ABr+the+%27Spokesperson%27+for+Ibn+Taymiyya%3F+Jonah+as+a+Prophet+of+Obedience&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2014-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fjqs.2014.0130&rft.issn=1465-3591&rft.aulast=Mirza&rft.aufirst=Younus+Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euppublishing.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.3366%2Fjqs.2014.0130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakhos2015" class="citation book cs1">Bakhos, Carol (2015). "13: Interpreters of Scripture". In J. Silverstine; G. Stroumsa; M. Blidstein (eds.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of the Abrahamic Religions</i>. Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969776-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969776-2"><bdi>978-0-19-969776-2</bdi></a>. <q>Born in Bosra in 1300, Ibn Kathīr was a historian and traditionalist of Mamlūk, Syria.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=13%3A+Interpreters+of+Scripture&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+the+Abrahamic+Religions&rft.place=Great+Clarendon+Street%2C+Oxford%2C+OX2+6DP%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-969776-2&rft.aulast=Bakhos&rft.aufirst=Carol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah,_MuhammadPink2020" class="citation book cs1">Shah, Muhammad, Mustafa, Muhammad; Pink, Johanna (2020). "55:Classical Qur'anic Hermeneutics". <i>The Oxford Handbook of Qur'anic Studie</i>. Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 829. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969864-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969864-6"><bdi>978-0-19-969864-6</bdi></a>. <q>the methodology proposed by Ibn Taymiyya (d.728/1328) and adopted by Ibn Kathīr (d. 774/1373), which ultimately resulted in the dismissal of philology in favour of hadith and of the doctrines of Sunnī traditionalism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=55%3AClassical+Qur%27anic+Hermeneutics&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Qur%27anic+Studie&rft.place=Great+Clarendon+Street%2C+Oxford%2C+OX2+6DP%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=829&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-19-969864-6&rft.aulast=Shah%2C+Muhammad&rft.aufirst=Mustafa%2C+Muhammad&rft.au=Pink%2C+Johanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Ahlus-Sunnah wal Jama'ah <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/nuh/masudq1.htm">"The Re-Formers of Islam: The Mas'ud Questions"</a>. <q>Ibn Kathir is a scholar of Ahl al-Sunna who was of the Shafi'i school (according to the first volume of his main work, Tafsir al-Qur'an al-'Azim, 1.2), while Ibn Taymiya was a scholar whose fiqh remained in the general framework of the Hanbali school.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Re-Formers+of+Islam%3A+The+Mas%27ud+Questions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masud.co.uk%2FISLAM%2Fnuh%2Fmasudq1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYounus_Y._Mirza2012" class="citation book cs1">Younus Y. Mirza (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/557509/Mirza_georgetown_0076D_11825.p"><i>IBN KATHĪR (D. 774/1373): HIS INTELLECTUAL CIRCLE, MAJOR WORKS AND QUR'ĀNIC EXEGESIS</i></a>. Georgetown University. <q>Ibn Kathīr is often portrayed as the "spokesperson" for Ibn Taymiyya, one who promoted his work and implemented his theories. Ibn Kathīr is more accurately described as a Shāfi'ī traditionalists or a group of Shāfiʻī ḥadīth scholars who maintained a traditionalist creed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IBN+KATH%C4%AAR+%28D.+774%2F1373%29%3A+HIS+INTELLECTUAL+CIRCLE%2C+MAJOR+WORKS+AND+QUR%27%C4%80NIC+EXEGESIS&rft.pub=Georgetown+University&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Younus+Y.+Mirza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.library.georgetown.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10822%2F557509%2FMirza_georgetown_0076D_11825.p&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirza2014" class="citation journal cs1">Mirza, Younus Y. (1 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/jqs.2014.0130">"Was Ibn Kathīr the 'Spokesperson' for Ibn Taymiyya? Jonah as a Prophet of Obedience"</a>. <i>Journal of Qur'anic Studies</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fjqs.2014.0130">10.3366/jqs.2014.0130</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1465-3591">1465-3591</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Qur%27anic+Studies&rft.atitle=Was+Ibn+Kath%C4%ABr+the+%27Spokesperson%27+for+Ibn+Taymiyya%3F+Jonah+as+a+Prophet+of+Obedience&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2014-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fjqs.2014.0130&rft.issn=1465-3591&rft.aulast=Mirza&rft.aufirst=Younus+Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euppublishing.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.3366%2Fjqs.2014.0130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brit-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brit_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ibn-Kathir">"Ibn Kathir - Muslim scholar"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ibn+Kathir+-+Muslim+scholar&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FIbn-Kathir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arabnews.com-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arabnews.com_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arabnews.com_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/node/219573">"Scholar of renown: Ibn Katheer"</a>. April 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scholar+of+renown%3A+Ibn+Katheer&rft.date=2002-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F219573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirza2014" class="citation journal cs1">Mirza, Younus Y. (1 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/jqs.2014.0130">"Was Ibn Kathīr the 'Spokesperson' for Ibn Taymiyya? Jonah as a Prophet of Obedience"</a>. <i>Journal of Qur'anic Studies</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fjqs.2014.0130">10.3366/jqs.2014.0130</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1465-3591">1465-3591</a>. <q>Jane McAullife remarks that 'certainly the most famous of Ibn Kathīr's teachers, and perhaps the one who influenced him the most, was the Ḥanbalī theologian and jurisconsult Ibn Taymiyyah'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Qur%27anic+Studies&rft.atitle=Was+Ibn+Kath%C4%ABr+the+%27Spokesperson%27+for+Ibn+Taymiyya%3F+Jonah+as+a+Prophet+of+Obedience&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2014-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fjqs.2014.0130&rft.issn=1465-3591&rft.aulast=Mirza&rft.aufirst=Younus+Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euppublishing.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.3366%2Fjqs.2014.0130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirza2014" class="citation journal cs1">Mirza, Younus Y. (1 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/jqs.2014.0130">"Was Ibn Kathīr the 'spokesperson' for Ibn Taymiyya? Jonah as a Prophet of Obedience"</a>. <i>Journal of Qur'anic Studies</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fjqs.2014.0130">10.3366/jqs.2014.0130</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1465-3591">1465-3591</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Qur%27anic+Studies&rft.atitle=Was+Ibn+Kath%C4%ABr+the+%27spokesperson%27+for+Ibn+Taymiyya%3F+Jonah+as+a+Prophet+of+Obedience&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2014-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fjqs.2014.0130&rft.issn=1465-3591&rft.aulast=Mirza&rft.aufirst=Younus+Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euppublishing.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.3366%2Fjqs.2014.0130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ludwig_20092-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ludwig_20092_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_W._Adamec" title="Ludwig W. Adamec">Ludwig W. Adamec</a> (2009), <i>Historical Dictionary of Islam</i>, p.138. Scarecrow Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0810861615" title="Special:BookSources/0810861615">0810861615</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirza2016" class="citation journal cs1">Mirza, Younus Y. (1 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/ibn-kathir-imad-al-din-COM_30853?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3&s.q=Ibn+Kathir">"Ibn Kathīr, ʿImād al-Dīn"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+THREE&rft.atitle=Ibn+Kath%C4%ABr%2C+%CA%BFIm%C4%81d+al-D%C4%ABn&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.aulast=Mirza&rft.aufirst=Younus+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-3%2Fibn-kathir-imad-al-din-COM_30853%3Fs.num%3D0%26s.f.s2_parent%3Ds.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3%26s.q%3DIbn%2BKathir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibn_kathir-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ibn_kathir_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Kathir_ILe_Gassick_T_(translator)Fareed_M_(reviewer)2000" class="citation book cs1">Ibn Kathir I; Le Gassick T (translator); Fareed M (reviewer) (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ul73yY_htWAC&pg=PR15"><i>The Life of the Prophet Muhammad : English translation of Ibn Kathir's Al Sira Al Nabawiyya</i></a>. Garnet. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781859641422" title="Special:BookSources/9781859641422"><bdi>9781859641422</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+the+Prophet+Muhammad+%3A+English+translation+of+Ibn+Kathir%27s+Al+Sira+Al+Nabawiyya&rft.pub=Garnet&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781859641422&rft.au=Ibn+Kathir+I&rft.au=Le+Gassick+T+%28translator%29&rft.au=Fareed+M+%28reviewer%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dul73yY_htWAC%26pg%3DPR15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author2=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ludwig_2009-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ludwig_2009_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_W._Adamec" title="Ludwig W. Adamec">Ludwig W. Adamec</a> (2009), <i>Historical Dictionary of Islam</i>, p.138. Scarecrow Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0810861615" title="Special:BookSources/0810861615">0810861615</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirza2014" class="citation journal cs1">Mirza, Younus Y. (1 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/jqs.2014.0130">"Was Ibn Kathīr the 'Spokesperson' for Ibn Taymiyya? Jonah as a Prophet of Obedience"</a>. <i>Journal of Qur'anic Studies</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fjqs.2014.0130">10.3366/jqs.2014.0130</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1465-3591">1465-3591</a>. <q>Ibn Qāḍī al-Shuhba concludes mentioning that Ibn Kathīr was buried 'next to his teacher (<i>shaykhihi</i>) Ibn Taymiyya'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Qur%27anic+Studies&rft.atitle=Was+Ibn+Kath%C4%ABr+the+%27Spokesperson%27+for+Ibn+Taymiyya%3F+Jonah+as+a+Prophet+of+Obedience&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2014-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fjqs.2014.0130&rft.issn=1465-3591&rft.aulast=Mirza&rft.aufirst=Younus+Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euppublishing.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.3366%2Fjqs.2014.0130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahl_al_Hadith_traditionalist-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ahl_al_Hadith_traditionalist_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ahl_al_Hadith_traditionalist_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStowasser1996" class="citation book cs1">Stowasser, Barbara Freyer (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3YhpAgAAQBAJ"><i>Women in the Qur'an, Traditions, and Interpretation</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-976183-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-976183-8"><bdi>978-0-19-976183-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+the+Qur%27an%2C+Traditions%2C+and+Interpretation&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-976183-8&rft.aulast=Stowasser&rft.aufirst=Barbara+Freyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3YhpAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syarah_'Aqidah_Ahlussunnah_wal_Jama'ah-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Syarah_'Aqidah_Ahlussunnah_wal_Jama'ah_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Syarah_'Aqidah_Ahlussunnah_wal_Jama'ah_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFbin_Abdul_Qadir_al-Jawaz2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">bin Abdul Qadir al-Jawaz, Yazid (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xuTGWJr8n18C"><i>Syarah 'Aqidah Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah</i></a> (in Indonesian). Pustaka Imam Syafi'i. pp. 310, 533. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789793536644" title="Special:BookSources/9789793536644"><bdi>9789793536644</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syarah+%27Aqidah+Ahlussunnah+wal+Jama%27ah&rft.pages=310%2C+533&rft.pub=Pustaka+Imam+Syafi%27i&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9789793536644&rft.aulast=bin+Abdul+Qadir+al-Jawaz&rft.aufirst=Yazid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxuTGWJr8n18C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zubayr_ibn_awwam-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zubayr_ibn_awwam_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zubayr_ibn_awwam_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlwaniDeLorenzoAl-Shikh-Ali2003" class="citation book cs1">Alwani, Taha Jabir Fayyad; DeLorenzo, Yusuf Talal; Al-Shikh-Ali, A. S. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uiZcCgAAQBAJ"><i>Source Methodology in Islamic Jurisprudence Uṣūl Al Figh Al Islāmī</i></a>. International Institute of Islamic Thought. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56564-404-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56564-404-5"><bdi>978-1-56564-404-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Source+Methodology+in+Islamic+Jurisprudence+U%E1%B9%A3%C5%ABl+Al+Figh+Al+Isl%C4%81m%C4%AB&rft.pub=International+Institute+of+Islamic+Thought&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-56564-404-5&rft.aulast=Alwani&rft.aufirst=Taha+Jabir+Fayyad&rft.au=DeLorenzo%2C+Yusuf+Talal&rft.au=Al-Shikh-Ali%2C+A.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuiZcCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Hrair Dekmejian <i>Islam in Revolution: Fundamentalism in the Arab World</i> Syracuse University Press 1995 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-815-62635-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-815-62635-0">978-0-815-62635-0</a> page 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barbara Freyer Stowasser <i>Women in the Qur'an, Traditions, and Interpretation</i> Oxford University Press 1994 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-199-87969-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-199-87969-4">978-0-199-87969-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Karen Bauer Gender <i>Hierarchy in the Qur'an: Medieval Interpretations, Modern Responses</i> Cambridge University Press 2015 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-316-24005-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-316-24005-2">978-1-316-24005-2</a> page 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpevack2014" class="citation book cs1">Spevack, Aaron (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=htx8BAAAQBAJ"><i>The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of al-Bajuri</i></a>. SUNY Press. pp. 129–130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-5371-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-5371-2"><bdi>978-1-4384-5371-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archetypal+Sunni+Scholar%3A+Law%2C+Theology%2C+and+Mysticism+in+the+Synthesis+of+al-Bajuri&rft.pages=129-130&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-5371-2&rft.aulast=Spevack&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhtx8BAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lucas,_Scott_journall_bukhari-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lucas,_Scott_journall_bukhari_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucas2006" class="citation journal cs1">Lucas, Scott C. (2006). "The legal principles of Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī and their relationship to classical Salafi Islam". <i>ILS</i>. <b>13</b>: 289–324. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156851906778946341">10.1163/156851906778946341</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ILS&rft.atitle=The+legal+principles+of+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+b.+Ism%C4%81%CA%BF%C4%ABl+al-Bukh%C4%81r%C4%AB+and+their+relationship+to+classical+Salafi+Islam&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=289-324&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156851906778946341&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Scott+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2002" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Devin_J._Stewart" title="Devin J. Stewart">Stewart, Devin J.</a> (2002). <a href="/wiki/Bernard_G._Weiss" title="Bernard G. Weiss">Weiss, Bernard G.</a> (ed.). "Muhammad b. Dawud al-Zahiri's Manual of Jurisprudence". <i>Studies in Islamic Law and Society</i>. 15: Studies in Islamic Legal Theory. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>: 99–158.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+Islamic+Law+and+Society&rft.atitle=Muhammad+b.+Dawud+al-Zahiri%27s+Manual+of+Jurisprudence&rft.volume=15%3A+Studies+in+Islamic+Legal+Theory&rft.pages=99-158&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Devin+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lange-2016-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lange-2016_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLange2016" class="citation book cs1">Lange, Christian (2016). <i>Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions</i>. Cambridge United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-50637-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-50637-3"><bdi>978-0-521-50637-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paradise+and+Hell+in+Islamic+Traditions&rft.place=Cambridge+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-521-50637-3&rft.aulast=Lange&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_L._Johnston2010" class="citation book cs1">David L. Johnston (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0_NOAQAAIAAJ"><i>Earth, Empire, and Sacred Text: Muslims and Christians as Trustees of Creation</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Equinox_Publishing_(Sheffield)" title="Equinox Publishing (Sheffield)">Equinox Publishing</a>. p. 288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845532253" title="Special:BookSources/9781845532253"><bdi>9781845532253</bdi></a>. <q>The traditionist and Ash'arite Ibn Kathir...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Earth%2C+Empire%2C+and+Sacred+Text%3A+Muslims+and+Christians+as+Trustees+of+Creation&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=Equinox+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781845532253&rft.au=David+L.+Johnston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0_NOAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpevack2014" class="citation book cs1">Spevack, Aaron (9 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=htx8BAAAQBAJ"><i>The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of al-Bajuri</i></a>. SUNY Press. pp. 129–130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438453712" title="Special:BookSources/9781438453712"><bdi>9781438453712</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archetypal+Sunni+Scholar%3A+Law%2C+Theology%2C+and+Mysticism+in+the+Synthesis+of+al-Bajuri&rft.pages=129-130&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2014-09-09&rft.isbn=9781438453712&rft.aulast=Spevack&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhtx8BAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span><i></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syarah_'Aqidah_Ahlussunnah_wal_Jama'ah2-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Syarah_'Aqidah_Ahlussunnah_wal_Jama'ah2_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Syarah_'Aqidah_Ahlussunnah_wal_Jama'ah2_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFbin_Abdul_Qadir_al-Jawaz2006">bin Abdul Qadir al-Jawaz 2006</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anthropomorphism_in_Islam_The_Challenge_of_Traditionalism_(700-1350)-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anthropomorphism_in_Islam_The_Challenge_of_Traditionalism_(700-1350)_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoltzman2018" class="citation book cs1">Holtzman, Livnat (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BPdJEAAAQBAJ"><i>Anthropomorphism in Islam The Challenge of Traditionalism (700-1350)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Ebook)</span>. Edinburgh University Press. p. 352. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780748689576" title="Special:BookSources/9780748689576"><bdi>9780748689576</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthropomorphism+in+Islam+The+Challenge+of+Traditionalism+%28700-1350%29&rft.pages=352&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780748689576&rft.aulast=Holtzman&rft.aufirst=Livnat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBPdJEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Akidah_Khurasaniyyah_2-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Akidah_Khurasaniyyah_2_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarzuqi_at_Tharifi" class="citation book cs1">Marzuqi at Tharifi, Abdul Aziz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bevbDwAAQBAJ"><i>Akidah Al-Khurasaniyyah</i></a>. Pustaka al-Kautsar<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akidah+Al-Khurasaniyyah&rft.pub=Pustaka+al-Kautsar&rft.aulast=Marzuqi+at+Tharifi&rft.aufirst=Abdul+Aziz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbevbDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Musfir_al_Qahtani-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Musfir_al_Qahtani_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusfir_al_Qahtani2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Musfir al Qahtani, Sa'id (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Aja2DwAAQBAJ"><i>BUKU PUTIH SYAIKH ABDUL QADIR AL-JAILANI</i></a> (Doctor) (in Indonesian). Darul Falah. pp. 172–174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789793036090" title="Special:BookSources/9789793036090"><bdi>9789793036090</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BUKU+PUTIH+SYAIKH+ABDUL+QADIR+AL-JAILANI&rft.pages=172-174&rft.pub=Darul+Falah&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9789793036090&rft.aulast=Musfir+al+Qahtani&rft.aufirst=Sa%27id&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAja2DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ensiklopedi_Aliran_dan_Madzhab_Di_Dunia_Islam-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ensiklopedi_Aliran_dan_Madzhab_Di_Dunia_Islam_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrham_ZuhdiAbidun2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Irham Zuhdi, Masturi; Abidun, M. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=917618"><i>Ensiklopedi Aliran dan Madzhab Di Dunia Islam</i></a> [<i>Encyclopedia of sects and Schools in the Islamic World; Arabic:Silsilah al-mawsu'at islamiyahmutakhasshihah; mausu'ah al-firad wa al-madzhahib fi al-alam al-islam</i>] (in Indonesian). Pustaka al Kautsar; Tim Riset Majelis Tinggi Urusan Islam Mesir (Egyptian Islamic Affairs High Council Research Team). pp. 399–423. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978979-5926948" title="Special:BookSources/978979-5926948"><bdi>978979-5926948</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ensiklopedi+Aliran+dan+Madzhab+Di+Dunia+Islam&rft.pages=399-423&rft.pub=Pustaka+al+Kautsar%3B+Tim+Riset+Majelis+Tinggi+Urusan+Islam+Mesir+%28Egyptian+Islamic+Affairs+High+Council+Research+Team%29&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978979-5926948&rft.aulast=Irham+Zuhdi&rft.aufirst=Masturi&rft.au=Abidun%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopac.perpusnas.go.id%2FDetailOpac.aspx%3Fid%3D917618&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hoover-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hoover_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hoover_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoover2014" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hoover, Jon (2014). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199696703-e-014">"Ḥanbalī Theology"</a></span>. In Sabine Schmidtke (ed.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199696703.013.014">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.014</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969670-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969670-3"><bdi>978-0-19-969670-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%A4anbal%C4%AB+Theology&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Islamic+Theology&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199696703.013.014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-969670-3&rft.aulast=Hoover&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordhandbooks.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199696703.001.0001%2Foxfordhb-9780199696703-e-014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahl_al-Sunnah_al-Asha'irah-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ahl_al-Sunnah_al-Asha'irah_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFawzi_al-'AnjariHamad_al-Sinan" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fawzi al-'Anjari; Hamad al-Sinan. Forewords by <a href="/wiki/Wahba_al-Zuhayli" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahba al-Zuhayli">Wahba al-Zuhayli</a>; <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sa%27id_Ramadan_al-Buti" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Buti">Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Buti</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ali_Gomaa" title="Ali Gomaa">Ali Gomaa</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Jifri" title="Ali al-Jifri">Ali al-Jifri</a>; 'Abd al-Fattah al-Bazm (the Grand Mufti of Damascus); Muhammad Hasan Hitou (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210512102430/https://almostaneer.com/ebooks/أهل-السنة-الأشاعرة-شهادة-علماء-الأمة-و/الأشاعرة-والماتريدية-هم-غالب-الأمة-أك/"><i>Ahl al-Sunnah al-Asha'irah: Shahadat 'Ulama' al-Ummah wa Adillatahum</i></a> [<i>Ahl al-Sunna: The Ash'aris - The Testimony and Proofs of the Scholars</i>] (in Arabic). Sunni Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789079294220" title="Special:BookSources/9789079294220"><bdi>9789079294220</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://almostaneer.com/ebooks/أهل-السنة-الأشاعرة-شهادة-علماء-الأمة-و/الأشاعرة-والماتريدية-هم-غالب-الأمة-أك/">the original</a> on 12 May 2021. <q>الإمام الحافظ المفسر أبو الفداء إسماعيل بن كثير رحمه الله تعالى، صاحب التفسير العظيم والبداية والنهاية وغيرها، فقد نُـقِـلَ عنه أنه صَـرَّحَ بأنه أشعري كما في الدرر الكامنة 1/58، والدارس في تاريخ المدارس للنعيمي 2/89، أضف إلى ذلك أنه ولي مشيخة دار الحديث الأشرفية التي كان شرط واقفها أن لا يلي مشيختها إلا أشعري، وزدْ عليه ما في تفسيره من التنزيه والتقديس والتشديد على من يقول بظواهر المتشابه كما مـرَّ من قوله عند تفسيره لقوله تعالى من سـورة الأعراف ( ثمّ استوي على العرش ) (تفسيره 2/220) إلى غير ذلك من الأمثلة الظاهرة الجلية في كونه من أهل السنة الأشاعـرة.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ahl+al-Sunnah+al-Asha%27irah%3A+Shahadat+%27Ulama%27+al-Ummah+wa+Adillatahum&rft.pub=Sunni+Publications&rft.isbn=9789079294220&rft.au=Fawzi+al-%27Anjari&rft.au=Hamad+al-Sinan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falmostaneer.com%2Febooks%2F%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%88%2F%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%83%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=USx0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT39"><i>The Hidden Pearls: concerning the Notables of the Eighth Islamic Century</i></a>. Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya (The House of Scientific Books). January 1997. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782745126726" title="Special:BookSources/9782745126726"><bdi>9782745126726</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>. <q>ومن نوادره أنه وقع بينه وبين عماد الدين بن كثير منازعة في تدريس الناس، فقال له ابن كثير: أنت تكرهني لأنني أشعري، فقال له: لو كان من رأسك إلى قدمك شعر ما صدقك الناس في قولك إنك أشعري، وشيخك ابن تيمية.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hidden+Pearls%3A+concerning+the+Notables+of+the+Eighth+Islamic+Century&rft.pub=Dar+al-Kutub+al-%27Ilmiyya+%28The+House+of+Scientific+Books%29&rft.date=1997-01&rft.isbn=9782745126726&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUSx0DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oliver Leaman <i>The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia</i> Taylor & Francis 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-32639-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-32639-1">978-0-415-32639-1</a> page 632</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aysha A. Hidayatullah <i>Feminist Edges of the Qur'an</i> Oxford University Press 2014 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-199-35957-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-199-35957-8">978-0-199-35957-8</a> page 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreas Görke and Johanna Pink Tafsir and Islamic Intellectual History Exploring the Boundaries of a Genre Oxford University Press in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies London <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870206-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870206-1">978-0-19-870206-1</a> p. 478</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidtkePink2014" class="citation book cs1">Schmidtke, Sabine; Pink, Johanna (2014). "Striving for a New Exegesis of the Qurʾān". <i>The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology</i>. New York, United States of America: Oxford University Press. p. 773. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969670-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969670-3"><bdi>978-0-19-969670-3</bdi></a>. <q>More conservative forms of revivalism continued to flourish.. for instance, al-Qāsimī's above mentioned extensive Qurʾān commentary Maḥāsin al-taʾwīl is influenced by scripturalist ideas and places great emphasis on ḥadīth.... The methodology of this commentary owes much to Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Kathīr, which is evident from its focus on ḥadīth, the rejection of isrāʾīliyyāt, and a polemical attitude against the so-called ahl al-raʾy,..</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Striving+for+a+New+Exegesis+of+the+Qur%CA%BE%C4%81n&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Islamic+Theology&rft.place=New+York%2C+United+States+of+America&rft.pages=773&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-969670-3&rft.aulast=Schmidtke&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rft.au=Pink%2C+Johanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidtkePink2014" class="citation book cs1">Schmidtke, Sabine; Pink, Johanna (2014). "Striving for a New Exegesis of the Qurʾān". <i>The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology</i>. New York, United States of America: Oxford University Press. p. 778. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969670-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-969670-3"><bdi>978-0-19-969670-3</bdi></a>. <q>.. from the 1920s onwards invested in printing activities and contributed massively to the popularization of what the Saudi scholars considered to be legitimate, i.e. ḥadīth-based hermeneutics and exegesis, for example Ibn Kathīr's and al-Baghawī's Qurʾān commentaries and Ibn Taymiyya's al-Muqaddima fī uṣūl al-tafsīr. The Wahhābī promotion of Ibn Taymiyya's and Ibn Kathīr's works—especially by publishing them in print in the early twentieth century—was instrumental in making these two authors popular in the contemporary period and had a strong impact on modern exegetical activities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Striving+for+a+New+Exegesis+of+the+Qur%CA%BE%C4%81n&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Islamic+Theology&rft.place=New+York%2C+United+States+of+America&rft.pages=778&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-969670-3&rft.aulast=Schmidtke&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rft.au=Pink%2C+Johanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+Kathir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johanna Pink Sunnitischer Tafsir in der modernen islamischen Welt: Akademische Traditionen, Popularisierung und nationalstaatliche Interessen BRILL, 11.11.2010 ISBN 9789004185920 p. 40 (German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johanna Pink <i>Sunnitischer Tafsir in der modernen islamischen Welt: Akademische Traditionen, Popularisierung und nationalstaatliche Interessen</i> BRILL, 11.11.2010 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004185920" title="Special:BookSources/9789004185920">9789004185920</a> p. 40 (German)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Kathir&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Norman Calder, 'Tafsir from Tabari to Ibn Kathir, Problems in the description of a genre, illustrated with reference to the story of Abraham', in: G. R. Hawting / Abdul-Kader A. Shareef (eds.): <i>Approaches to the Qur'an</i>, London 1993, pp. 101–140.</li> <li>Jane Dammen-McAuliffe, 'Quranic Hermeneutics, The views of al-Tabari and Ibn Kathir', in: Andrew Rippin (ed.): <i>Approaches to the history of the interpretation of the Qur'an</i>, Oxford 1988, pp.& nbs al hafid ibn kathir is not ash,ai</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Kathir&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://masud.co.uk/ibn-taymiya-and-ibn-kathir/">The Aqidah of Ibn Kathir</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shafi&#039;i_school" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Template:Shafi'i scholars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Template talk:Shafi'i scholars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shafi'i scholars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shafi&#039;i_school" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'i school</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>by century (<a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">AH</a> / <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">AD</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd/8th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shafi%27i" title="Al-Shafi'i">Al-Shafi'i</a> (founder of the school; 767–820)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muzani" title="Al-Muzani">Al-Muzani</a> (791/92–878)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd/9th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_al-Zubayr_al-Humaydi" title="Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr al-Humaydi">Al-Humaydi</a> (d. 834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harith_al-Muhasibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Harith al-Muhasibi">Harith al-Muhasibi</a> (781–857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Bukhari" title="Muhammad al-Bukhari">Bukhari</a> (810–870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_ibn_al-Hajjaj" title="Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj">Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj</a> (d. 875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Majah" title="Ibn Majah">Ibn Majah</a> (824–887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nasai" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Nasai">Al-Nasai</a> (d. 915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khuzaymah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Khuzaymah">Ibn Khuzaymah</a> (837–923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Mundhir" title="Ibn al-Mundhir">Ibn al-Mundhir</a> (855–930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" title="Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari">Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari</a> (874–936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakr_ad-Din" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakr ad-Din">Fakr ad-Din</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th/10th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Daraqutni" title="Al-Daraqutni">Al-Daraqutni</a> (918–995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Talib_al-Makki" title="Abu Talib al-Makki">Abu Talib al-Makki</a> (d. 996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_Nishapuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hakim Nishapuri">Al-Hakim Nishapuri</a> (933–1014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Furak" title="Ibn Furak">Ibn Furak</a> (d. 1015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Jabbar_ibn_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad">Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad</a> (935–1025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi">Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi</a> (d. 1037)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nuaym" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Nuaym">Abu Nuaym</a> (d. 1038)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Shirazi" title="Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi">Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi</a> (1003–1083)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Lalaka%27i" title="Al-Lalaka'i">Al-Lalaka'i</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th/11th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tha%27labi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tha'labi">Al-Tha'labi</a> (d. 1035)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mawardi" title="Al-Mawardi">Al-Mawardi</a> (972–1058)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayhaqi" title="Al-Bayhaqi">Al-Bayhaqi</a> (994–1066)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khatib_al-Baghdadi" title="Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi">Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi</a> (1002–1071)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qushayri" title="Al-Qushayri">Al-Qushayri</a> (986–1072)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Juwayni" title="Al-Juwayni">Al-Juwayni</a> (1028–1085)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baghawi" title="Al-Baghawi">Al-Baghawi</a> (d. 1122)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ghazali" title="Ahmad Ghazali">Ahmad Ghazali</a> (d. 1123/26)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th/12th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a> (1058–1111)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shahrastani" title="Al-Shahrastani">Al-Shahrastani</a> (1086–1153)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%60Asakir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn `Asakir">Ibn `Asakir</a> (1105–c. 1176)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tahir_al-Silafi" title="Abu Tahir al-Silafi">Abu Tahir al-Silafi</a> (1079–1180)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Rifa%60i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed al-Rifa`i">Ahmed al-Rifa`i</a> (1119–1183)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahab_al-Din_Yahya_ibn_Habash_Suhrawardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi">Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi</a> (1154–1191)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a> (1150–1209)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Din_al-Amidi" title="Sayf al-Din al-Amidi">Sayf al-Din al-Amidi</a> (1156–1233)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi%27l-Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Abi'l-Dam">Ibn Abi'l-Dam</a> (1187–1244)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Salah" title="Ibn al-Salah">Ibn al-Salah</a> (1181–1245)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th/13th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abil-Hadid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Abil-Hadid">Ibn Abil-Hadid</a> (d. 1258)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_al-Din_ibn_Abd_al-Salam" class="mw-redirect" title="Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam">Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam</a> (d. 1262)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Badawi" title="Ahmad al-Badawi">Ahmad al-Badawi</a> (1200–1276)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nawawi" title="Al-Nawawi">Al-Nawawi</a> (1230–1277)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khallikan" title="Ibn Khallikan">Ibn Khallikan</a> (1211–1282)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Daqiq_al-Id" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Daqiq al-Id">Ibn Daqiq al-Id</a> (1228–1302)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baydawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baydawi">Al-Baydawi</a> (d. 1319)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safi-ad-din_Ardabili" class="mw-redirect" title="Safi-ad-din Ardabili">Safi-ad-din Ardabili</a> (1252/53–1334)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Abd_al-Rahman_al-Mizzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Mizzi">Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Mizzi</a> (1256–1341)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_bin_Ahmad_al-Kawneyn" title="Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn">Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th/14th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safi_al-Din_al-Hindi" title="Safi al-Din al-Hindi">Safi al-Din al-Hindi</a> (d. 1315/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dhahabi" title="Al-Dhahabi">Al-Dhahabi</a> (1274–1348)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taqi al-Din al-Subki">Taqi al-Din al-Subki</a> (1284–1355)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Naqib_al-Misri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri">Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri</a> (1302–1367)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taj al-Din al-Subki">Taj al-Din al-Subki</a> (1327–1370)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ibn Kathir</a> (d. 1373)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Taftazani" title="Al-Taftazani">Taftazani</a> (1322–1390)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_Ad-Din_az-Zarkashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Badr Ad-Din az-Zarkashi">Badr Ad-Din az-Zarkashi</a> (1344–1392)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zain_al-Din_al-Iraqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zain al-Din al-Iraqi">Zain al-Din al-Iraqi</a> (1325–1403)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abu_Bakr_al-Haythami" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami">Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami</a> (1335–1404)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Nuhaas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Nuhaas">Ibn Nuhaas</a> (d. 1411)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jazari" title="Ibn al-Jazari">Ibn al-Jazari</a> (1350–1429)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th/15th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalani" title="Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani">Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani</a> (1372–1449)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mahalli" title="Al-Mahalli">Al-Mahalli</a> (d. 1460)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sakhawi" title="Al-Sakhawi">Al-Sakhawi</a> (1428–1497)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">Al-Suyuti</a> (1445–1505)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qastallani" title="Al-Qastallani">Al-Qastallani</a> (1448–1517)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya_al-Ansari" title="Zakariyya al-Ansari">Zakariyya al-Ansari</a> (1420–1520)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Ahmad_al-Samhudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Ahmad al-Samhudi">Ali ibn Ahmad al-Samhudi</a> (1466–1533)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th/16th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sha%60rani" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Sha`rani">Al-Sha`rani</a> (1492/93–1565)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Haytami" title="Ibn Hajar al-Haytami">Ibn Hajar al-Haytami</a> (1503–1566)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kha%E1%B9%ADib_ash-Shirbiniy" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Khaṭib ash-Shirbiniy">Al-Khaṭib ash-Shirbiniy</a> (d. 1570)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th/17th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Alawi_al-Haddad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad">Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad</a> (1634–1720)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th/19th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Bajuri" title="Ibrahim al-Bajuri">Ibrahim al-Bajuri</a> (1784–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Al-Rahman_bin_Ahmad_al-Zayla%60i" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Zayla`i">Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Zayla`i</a> (1820–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zayni_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Zayni Dahlan">Ahmad Zayni Dahlan</a> (1816–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykh_Sufi" title="Shaykh Sufi">Shaykh Sufi</a> (1828–1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uways_al-Barawi" title="Uways al-Barawi">Uways al-Barawi</a> (1847–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Khatib_al-Minangkabawi" title="Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi">Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi</a> (1860–1916)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th/20th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Nabhani" title="Yusuf al-Nabhani">Yusuf al-Nabhani</a> (1849–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Qutbi" title="Abdallah al-Qutbi">Abdallah al-Qutbi</a> (1879–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Nurs%C3%AE" title="Said Nursî">Said Nursî</a> (1877–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamka" title="Hamka">Abd al-Malik Karim Amrullah</a> (1908–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hamidullah" title="Muhammad Hamidullah">Muhammad Hamidullah</a> (1908–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Kuftaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Kuftaro">Ahmed Kuftaro</a> (1915–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Harari" title="Abdullah al-Harari">Abdullah al-Harari</a> (1906–2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th/21st</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahbah_al-Zuhayli" title="Wahbah al-Zuhayli">Wahbah al-Zuhayli</a> (1932–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taha_Jabir_Alalwani" title="Taha Jabir Alalwani">Taha Jabir Alalwani</a> (1935–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherussery_Zainuddeen_Musliyar" title="Cherussery Zainuddeen Musliyar">Cherussery Zainuddeen Musliyar</a> (1937–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasyim_Muzadi" title="Hasyim Muzadi">Hasyim Muzadi</a> (1944–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Syafi%27i_Maarif" title="Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif">Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif</a> (1935–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Azeez_Madani" title="Abdul Azeez Madani">Abdul Azeez Madani</a> (1950–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Abubakr_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad">Kanthapuram A. P. Abu Bakr Musliyar</a> (b. 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Muhammad_Naquib_al-Attas" title="Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas">Naqib al-Attas</a> (b. 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Salim_Al-Awa" title="Mohammad Salim Al-Awa">Mohammad Salim Al-Awa</a> (b. 1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Ali_Kutty_Musliyar" title="K. Ali Kutty Musliyar">K. Ali Kutty Musliyar</a> (b. 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Gomaa" title="Ali Gomaa">Ali Gomaa</a> (b. 1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuh_Ha_Mim_Keller" title="Nuh Ha Mim Keller">Nuh Ha Mim Keller</a> (b. 1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaid_Shakir" title="Zaid Shakir">Zaid Shakir</a> (b. 1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibril_Haddad" title="Gibril Haddad">Gibril Haddad</a> (b. 1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_bin_Hafiz" title="Umar bin Hafiz">Umar bin Hafiz</a> (b. 1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Ibraheem_Khaleel_Al_Bukhari" title="Sayyid Ibraheem Khaleel Al Bukhari">Ibrahim Khalil al-Bukhari</a> (b. 1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Yahya_al-Ninowy" title="Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy">Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy</a> (b. 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Jifri" title="Ali al-Jifri">Ali al-Jifri</a> (b. 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afifi_al-Akiti" title="Afifi al-Akiti">Afifi al-Akiti</a> (b. 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awn_Al-Qaddoumi" title="Awn Al-Qaddoumi">Awn Al-Qaddoumi</a> (b. 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Muhammad_Jifri_Muthukkoya_Thangal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Muhammad Jifri Muthukkoya Thangal">Muhammad Jifri Muthukkoya Thangal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanbali_scholars" title="Template:Hanbali scholars">Hanbali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maliki_scholars" title="Template:Maliki scholars">Maliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Zahiri_scholars" title="Template:Zahiri scholars">Zahiri</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muslim_historians" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historians_of_Islam" title="Template:Historians of Islam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historians_of_Islam" title="Template talk:Historians of Islam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historians_of_Islam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historians of Islam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muslim_historians" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_historians" title="List of Muslim historians">Muslim historians</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aban_bin_Uthman_bin_Affan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aban bin Uthman bin Affan"> Aban bin Uthman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urwah_ibn_Zubayr" class="mw-redirect" title="Urwah ibn Zubayr">Urwah ibn Zubayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri">Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_al-Kalbi" title="Hisham ibn al-Kalbi">Hisham ibn al-Kalbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ishaq" title="Ibn Ishaq">Ibn Ishaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Waqidi" title="Al-Waqidi">Al-Waqidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mikhnaf" title="Abu Mikhnaf">Abu Mikhnaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayf_ibn_Umar" title="Sayf ibn Umar">Sayf ibn Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mada%27ini" title="Al-Mada'ini">Al-Mada'ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Lahi%27a" title="Ibn Lahi'a">Ibn Lahi'a</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%CA%BDAbd_al-Hakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn ʽAbd al-Hakam">Ibn ʽAbd al-Hakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalifah_ibn_Khayyat" title="Khalifah ibn Khayyat">Khalifah ibn Khayyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hisham" title="Ibn Hisham">Ibn Hisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27qubi" title="Ya'qubi">Ya'qubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">Al-Tabari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baladhuri" title="Al-Baladhuri">Al-Baladhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Sa%27d" title="Ibn Sa'd">Ibn Sa'd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zubayr_ibn_Bakkar" title="Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar">Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Azraqi" title="Al-Azraqi">Al-Azraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa_Dinawari" title="Abu Hanifa Dinawari">Abu Hanifa Dinawari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Qutaybah" title="Ibn Qutaybah">Ibn Qutaybah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mada%27ini" title="Al-Mada'ini">Al-Mada'ini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Nadim" title="Ibn al-Nadim">Ibn al-Nadim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Duraid" title="Ibn Duraid">Ibn Duraid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Q%C5%AB%E1%B9%ADiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Qūṭiyya">Ibn al-Qūṭiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masudi" title="Al-Masudi">Al-Masudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miskawayh" title="Miskawayh">Miskawayh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_bin_Yahya_al-Suli" title="Abu Bakr bin Yahya al-Suli">al-Suli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadi_al-Nu%27man" title="Al-Qadi al-Nu'man">Al-Qadi al-Nu'man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Arab" title="Abu al-Arab">Abu al-Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Hasan_al-Hamdani" title="Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani"> Abu Muhammad al-Hamdani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musabbihi" title="Al-Musabbihi">Al-Musabbihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Yusuf_al-Kindi" title="Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Kindi">al-Kindi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Faradi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Faradi">Ibn Faradi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hayyan" title="Ibn Hayyan">Ibn Hayyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_al-Andalusi" title="Said al-Andalusi">Said al-Andalusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Udri" title="Al-Udri">Al-Udri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bakri" title="Al-Bakri">Al-Bakri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hazm" title="Ibn Hazm">Ibn Hazm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilal_al-Sabi%27" title="Hilal al-Sabi'">Hilal al-Sabi'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khatib_al-Baghdadi" title="Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi">Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Quda%27i" title="Al-Quda'i">Al-Quda'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Bassam" title="Ibn Bassam">Ibn Bassam</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fadl_Bayhaqi" title="Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi">Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_Gardezi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Sa'id Gardezi">Abu Sa'id Gardezi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Baydhaq" title="Mohammed al-Baydhaq">Mohammed al-Baydhaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jawzi" title="Ibn al-Jawzi">Ibn al-Jawzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Latif_al-Baghdadi" title="Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi">Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Qalanisi" title="Ibn al-Qalanisi">Ibn al-Qalanisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%CA%BDAsakir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn ʽAsakir">Ibn ʽAsakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usama_ibn_Munqidh" title="Usama ibn Munqidh">Usama ibn Munqidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imad_ad-Din_al-Isfahani" class="mw-redirect" title="Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani">Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baha_ad-Din_ibn_Shaddad" title="Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad">Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hammad_(historian)" title="Ibn Hammad (historian)">Ibn Hammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jawwani" title="Al-Jawwani">Al-Jawwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Sam%27ani" title="Ibn al-Sam'ani">Ibn al-Sam'ani</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Ali_Rawandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad bin Ali Rawandi">Muhammad bin Ali Rawandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqut_al-Hamawi" title="Yaqut al-Hamawi">Yaqut al-Hamawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Wahid_al-Marrakushi" title="'Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi">'Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Amira" title="Ibn Amira">Ibn Amira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Jubayr" title="Ibn Jubayr">Ibn Jubayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Kardab%C5%ABs" title="Ibn al-Kardabūs">Ibn al-Kardabūs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Adim" title="Ibn al-Adim">Ibn al-Adim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Athir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn al-Athir">Ibn al-Athir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibt_ibn_al-Jawzi" title="Sibt ibn al-Jawzi">Sibt ibn al-Jawzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khallikan" title="Ibn Khallikan">Ibn Khallikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qifti" title="Al-Qifti">Al-Qifti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_Zar" title="Ibn Abi Zar">Ibn Abi Zar</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Bibi" title="Ibn Bibi">Ibn Bibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Aufi" title="Muhammad Aufi">Muhammad Aufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Isfandiyar" title="Ibn Isfandiyar">Ibn Isfandiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhaj-i_Siraj_Juzjani" title="Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani">Minhaj-i-Siraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata-Malik_Juvayni" title="Ata-Malik Juvayni">Ata-Malik Juvayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid-al-Din_Hamadani" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashid-al-Din Hamadani">Rashid-al-Din Hamadani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fida" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fida">Abu'l-Fida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Idhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Idhari">Ibn Idhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dhahabi" title="Al-Dhahabi">Al-Dhahabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Khatib" title="Ibn al-Khatib">Ibn al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Fadlallah_al-Umari" title="Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari">Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ibn Kathir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Tiqtaqa" title="Ibn al-Tiqtaqa">Ibn al-Tiqtaqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Furat" title="Ibn al-Furat">Ibn al-Furat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mufaddal_ibn_Abi_al-Fada%27il" title="Al-Mufaddal ibn Abi al-Fada'il">Al-Mufaddal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-%CA%BDAsqalani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Hajar al-ʽAsqalani">al-ʽAsqalani</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamdallah_Mustawfi" title="Hamdallah Mustawfi">Hamdallah Mustawfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassaf" title="Wassaf">Wassaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziauddin_Barani" title="Ziauddin Barani">Ziauddin Barani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz-i_Abru" title="Hafiz-i Abru">Hafiz-i Abru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maqrizi" title="Al-Maqrizi">al-Maqrizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taghribirdi" title="Ibn Taghribirdi">Ibn Taghribirdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sakhawi" title="Al-Sakhawi">Al-Sakhawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">Al-Suyuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ghazi_al-Miknasi" title="Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi">Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharaf_ad-Din_Ali_Yazdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi">Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirkhvand" title="Mirkhvand">Mirkhvand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullah_Nadiri" title="Mullah Nadiri">Mullah Nadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahir_al-Din_Mar%27ashi" title="Zahir al-Din Mar'ashi">Zahir al-Din Mar'ashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlallah_Khunji_Isfahani" title="Fazlallah Khunji Isfahani">Fazlallah Khunji Isfahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_Bitlisi" title="Idris Bitlisi">Idris Bitlisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_bin_Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi">Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oru%C3%A7_Bey" title="Oruç Bey">Oruç Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kpa%C5%9Fazade" title="Aşıkpaşazade">Aşıkpaşazade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enveri" title="Enveri">Enveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kemal" title="Ibn Kemal">Ibn Kemal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshri" class="mw-redirect" title="Neshri">Neshri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tursun_Beg" title="Tursun Beg">Tursun Beg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Iyas" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Iyas">Ibn Iyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujir_al-Din" title="Mujir al-Din">Mujir al-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Aziz_al-Fishtali" title="Abd al-Aziz al-Fishtali">Abd al-Aziz al-Fishtali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ibn_al-Qadi" title="Ahmad Ibn al-Qadi"> Ibn al-Qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%27i_al-Karmi" title="Mar'i al-Karmi">Mar'i al-Karmi</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak">Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khwandamir" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Khwandamir">Muhammad Khwandamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BDAbd_al-Qadir_Badayuni" title="ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni">ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Ahmad" title="Nizamuddin Ahmad">Nizamuddin Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firishta" title="Firishta">Firishta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Beg_Munshi" title="Iskandar Beg Munshi">Iskandar Beg Munshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharafkhan_Bidlisi" title="Sharafkhan Bidlisi">Sharafkhan Bidlisi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C3%82l%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa Âlî">Mustafa Âlî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCtfi_Pasha" title="Lütfi Pasha">Lûtfi Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrak%C3%A7%C4%B1_Nasuh" title="Matrakçı Nasuh">Matrakçı Nasuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadeddin_Effendi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadeddin Effendi">Sadeddin Effendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Selaniki" title="Mustafa Selaniki">Mustafa Selaniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fk%C3%B6pr%C3%BCzade" title="Taşköprüzade">Taşköprüzade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Mohammed_al-Maqqari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari">Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katib_%C3%87elebi" class="mw-redirect" title="Katib Çelebi">Katib Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Imad_al-Hanbali" title="Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali">Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaikh_Inayat_Allah_Kamboh" title="Shaikh Inayat Allah Kamboh">Shaikh Inayat Allah Kamboh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Saleh_Kamboh" title="Muhammad Saleh Kamboh">Muhammad Saleh Kamboh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Fattah_Fumani" title="Abd al-Fattah Fumani">Abd al-Fattah Fumani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsin_Fani" title="Mohsin Fani">Mohsin Fani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ottoman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Petchevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrahim Petchevi">Ibrahim Petchevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solakzade_Mehmed_Hemdemi" title="Solakzade Mehmed Hemdemi">Solakzade Mehmed Hemdemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2tip_%C3%87elebi" title="Kâtip Çelebi">Kâtip Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munejjim-bashi_Ahmed_Dede" title="Munejjim-bashi Ahmed Dede">Munejjim Bashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silahdar_Findiklili_Mehmed_Agha" title="Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha">Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Aga_of_Temesvar" title="Osman Aga of Temesvar">Osman Aga of Temesvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Naima" title="Mustafa Naima">Mustafa Naima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Burini" title="Al-Burini">Al-Hasan al-Burini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Abdi_Pasha_(court_historian)" title="Abdurrahman Abdi Pasha (court historian)">Abdi Pasha</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chagatai</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Ghazi_Bahadur" title="Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur">Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kurdish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Khani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Khani">Ahmad Khani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Ifrani" title="Mohammed al-Ifrani">Mohammed al-Ifrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Qadiri" title="Mohammed al-Qadiri">Mohammed al-Qadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Muradi" title="Khalil al-Muradi">Khalil al-Muradi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Zayyani" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zayyani">al-Zayyani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Jabarti" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti">al-Jabarti</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Mehdi_Khan_Astarabadi" title="Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi">Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abol-Hasan_Golestaneh" title="Abol-Hasan Golestaneh">Abol-Hasan Golestaneh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Resm%C3%AE_Efendi" title="Ahmed Resmî Efendi">Ahmed Resmî Efendi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Khalid_al-Nasiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn Khalid al-Nasiri">Ahmad ibn Khalid al-Nasiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Farid" title="Mohammad Farid">Mohammad Farid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abi_Diyaf" title="Ahmad ibn Abi Diyaf">Ahmad ibn Abi Diyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurji_Zaydan" title="Jurji Zaydan">Jurji Zaydan</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_Mirza_Qajar" title="Jalal al-Din Mirza Qajar">Jalal al-Din Mirza Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agha_Ahmad_Ali" title="Agha Ahmad Ali">Agha Ahmad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza-Qoli_Khan_Hedayat" title="Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat">Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ottoman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Amiri_(Turkish_historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Amiri (Turkish historian)">Ali Amiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Cevdet_Pasha" title="Ahmed Cevdet Pasha">Ahmed Cevdet Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Cevad_Pasha" title="Ahmed Cevad Pasha">Ahmed Cevad Pasha</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Azerbaijani</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Adigozal_bey" title="Mirza Adigozal bey">Mirza Adigozal bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_bey_Javanshir" title="Ahmad bey Javanshir">Ahmad bey Javanshir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karim_agha_Shakikhanov" title="Karim agha Shakikhanov">Karim agha Shakikhanov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kurdish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Bayazidi" title="Mahmud Bayazidi">Mahmud Bayazidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastoureh_Ardalan" title="Mastoureh Ardalan">Mastoureh Ardalan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Notable works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meadows_of_Gold" title="The Meadows of Gold">The Meadows of Gold</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Prophets_and_Kings" title="History of the Prophets and Kings">History of the Prophets and Kings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mu%27jam_al-Buldan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'jam al-Buldan">Mu'jam al-Buldan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concise_History_of_Humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Concise History of Humanity">Concise History of Humanity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_History" title="The Complete History">The Complete History</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Bidaya_wa%27l-Nihaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya">Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Remaining_Signs_of_Past_Centuries" title="The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries">The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Futuh_al-Buldan" title="Futuh al-Buldan">Futuh al-Buldan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-I%27tibar" title="Kitab al-I'tibar">Kitab al-I'tibar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Milal_wa_al-Nihal" title="Al-Milal wa al-Nihal">Al-Milal wa al-Nihal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Caliphs" title="History of the Caliphs">History of the Caliphs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Rawd_al-Mitar" title="Kitab al-Rawd al-Mitar">Kitab al-Rawd al-Mitar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarikh_al-Yaqubi" title="Tarikh al-Yaqubi">Tarikh al-Yaqubi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muqaddimah" title="Muqaddimah">Muqaddimah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Idols" title="Book of Idols">Book of Idols</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rihla" title="Rihla">Rihla</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Isnad" title="Isnad">Isnad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_evaluation" title="Biographical evaluation">Biographical evaluation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_dictionary" title="Biographical dictionary">Biographical dictionary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hadith_studies" title="Hadith studies">Hadith studies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabaqat" title="Tabaqat">Tabaqat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isra%27iliyyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra'iliyyat">Isra'iliyyat</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369690#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369690#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369690#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083994506">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/90039047">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1825485/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcWtgP69qdHmrCvpRQTHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119321009">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83064845">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13748427p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13748427p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ibn Kathir, Imad al-Din Isma'il ibn 'Umar ibn Kathir"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UFIV059279">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35550617">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074390163">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90563104">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201109971">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/b8nql5rv5pgqzs4">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/69998">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007262905805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05282103?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/992835">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119321009.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119321009">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/067717888">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61v9z16">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ibn-kesir-ebul-fida">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img 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