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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Australopithecus_africanus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australopithecus_africanus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span><i>Australopithecus africanus</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australopithecus_africanus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verdere_soorten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verdere_soorten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Verdere soorten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verdere_soorten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fylogenie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fylogenie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fylogenie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fylogenie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Taxonomie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meer_afbeeldingen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meer_afbeeldingen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Meer afbeeldingen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meer_afbeeldingen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Australopithecus</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 80 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="قرد جنوبي – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قرد جنوبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83" title="أوسطرالوپيتيك – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أوسطرالوپيتيك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3" title="اوسترالوبيثيكوس – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوسترالوبيثيكوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avstralopitek" title="Avstralopitek – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avstralopitek" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Аўстралапітэкі – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аўстралапітэкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Австралопитеци – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Австралопитеци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ལྷོ་སྤྲ། – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལྷོ་སྤྲ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aostralopitek" title="Aostralopitek – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aostralopitek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopitek" title="Australopitek – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Australopitek" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopitec" title="Australopitec – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Australopitec" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Αυστραλοπίθηκος – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αυστραλοπίθηκος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%ADstralopitekoj" title="Aŭstralopitekoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aŭstralopitekoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopiteekus" title="Australopiteekus – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Australopiteekus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="جنوبی‌کپی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنوبی‌کپی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopith%C3%A8que" title="Australopithèque – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Australopithèque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astr%C3%A1laipiotacas" title="Astrálaipiotacas – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Astrálaipiotacas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1" title="אוסטרלופיתקוס – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוסטרלופיתקוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="आस्ट्रेलोपिथिक्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आस्ट्रेलोपिथिक्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopitek" title="Australopitek – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Australopitek" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ավստրալոպիտեկներ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ավստրալոպիտեկներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C3%B0urapar" title="Suðurapar – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Suðurapar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AD%E3%83%94%E3%83%86%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9" title="アウストラロピテクス – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アウストラロピテクス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ავსტრალოპითეკები – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ავსტრალოპითეკები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Австралопитек – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Австралопитек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಸ್ಟ್ರಲೋಪಿತಕಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಸ್ಟ್ರಲೋಪಿತಕಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9E%84%EB%A1%9C%ED%94%BC%ED%85%8C%EC%BF%A0%EC%8A%A4" title="오스트랄로피테쿠스 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오스트랄로피테쿠스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Австралопитек – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Австралопитек" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopitekai" title="Australopitekai – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Australopitekai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopiteki" title="Australopiteki – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Australopiteki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഓസ്ട്രലോപിറ്റെക്കസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓസ്ട്രലോപിറ്റെക്കസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopitek" title="Australopitek – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Australopitek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="جنوبی مانس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جنوبی مانس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%BC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%87%DB%90%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3" title="آوسټرالوپیتهېکوس – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آوسټرالوپیتهېکوس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopitec" title="Australopitec – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Australopitec" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Австралопитеки – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Австралопитеки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Австралопитек – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Австралопитек" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ඔස්ට්‍රලෝපිතකස් – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඔස්ට්‍රලෝපිතකස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopitek" title="Australopitek – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Australopitek" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avstralopitek" title="Avstralopitek – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Avstralopitek" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆస్ట్రలోపిథెకస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆస్ట్రలోపిథెకస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Австралопитекҳо – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Австралопитекҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Австралопітеки – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Австралопітеки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="جنوبی مانس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جنوبی مانس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_V%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3n_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_nam" title="Chi Vượn người phương nam – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chi Vượn người phương nam" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Australopithecus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%A4%E7%8C%BF" title="南方古猿 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="南方古猿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%A4%E7%8C%BF" title="南方古猿 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南方古猿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%A4%E7%8C%BF" title="南方古猿 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="南方古猿" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q103237#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Australopithecus" rel="discussion" title="Overleg 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#f5d0d6; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><big><i>Australopithecus</i></big><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Beschermingsstatus" title="Beschermingsstatus">Status</a>: <span style="color: slateblue">Uitgestorven </span></small><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Fossiel" title="Fossiel">Fossiel</a> voorkomen: <a href="/wiki/Plioceen" title="Plioceen">Plioceen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Vroeg_Pleistoceen" title="Vroeg Pleistoceen">Vroeg Pleistoceen</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Mrs_Ples.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Mrs_Ples.jpg/266px-Mrs_Ples.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Mrs_Ples.jpg/399px-Mrs_Ples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Mrs_Ples.jpg/532px-Mrs_Ples.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3634" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0; font-size:85%"><i>Austrolopithecus africanus</i> '<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mrs_Ples&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mrs Ples (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mrs Ples</a>' </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #f5d0d6; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomie_(biologie)" title="Taxonomie (biologie)">Taxonomische indeling</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table style="margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Rijk_(biologie)" title="Rijk (biologie)">Rijk</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Dieren_(biologie)" title="Dieren (biologie)">Animalia</a> (Dieren)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Stam_(biologie)" title="Stam (biologie)">Stam</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Chordadieren" title="Chordadieren">Chordata</a> (Chordadieren)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Klasse_(biologie)" title="Klasse (biologie)">Klasse</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Zoogdieren" title="Zoogdieren">Mammalia</a> (Zoogdieren)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Orde_(biologie)" title="Orde (biologie)">Orde</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Primaten" title="Primaten">Primates</a> (Primaten)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="Familie (biologie)">Familie</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae</a> (Mensachtigen)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Geslachtengroep" title="Geslachtengroep">Geslachtengroep</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #f5d0d6; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Geslacht_(biologie)" title="Geslacht (biologie)">Geslacht</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center"><b><i>Australopithecus</i> †</b><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Dart" title="Raymond Dart">Dart</a></small><small>, 1925</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" style="padding:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Africa,_australopitecines_discovery_sites.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Africa%2C_australopitecines_discovery_sites.png/266px-Africa%2C_australopitecines_discovery_sites.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Africa%2C_australopitecines_discovery_sites.png 1.5x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="341" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2" style="font-size:85%">Vindplaatsen:<br /> <p>TD — <i>Tsjaad</i><br /> TD-1 – Bahr el Ghazal – TD-2 – Djourab<br /> ET — <i>Ethiopië</i><br /> ET-1 – Hadar – ET-2 — Herto – ET-3 – Omo<br /> KE – <i>Kenia</i><br /> KE-1 – Turkanameer<br /> TZ – <i>Tanzania</i><br /> TZ-1 – Olduvai TZ-2 – Laetoli<br /> ZA – <i>Zuid-Afrika</i><br /> ZA-1 – Sterkfontein – ZA-2 – Swartkrans –<br />ZA-3 – Kromdraai – ZA-4 – Taung </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #f5d0d6; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;" colspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2"><small><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Australopithecus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Australopithecus">Afbeeldingen</a> op</small> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <small><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2"><small><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Australopithecus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Australopithecus"><i>Australopithecus</i></a> op</small> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/15px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/23px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <small><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #f5d0d6; color:inherit;" colspan="2"> <table style="margin:0 auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Biologie" title="Portaal:Biologie">Biologie</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Zoogdieren" title="Portaal:Zoogdieren">Zoogdieren</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Australopithecus</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (letterlijk 'zuidelijke aap', van het <a href="/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn">Latijnse</a> <i>australis</i>, 'zuidelijk', en het <a href="/wiki/Oudgrieks" title="Oudgrieks">Oudgriekse</a> πίθηκος, 'primaat' of 'aapachtige'), is een <a href="/wiki/Geslacht_(biologie)" title="Geslacht (biologie)">geslacht</a> van <a href="/wiki/Uitsterven" title="Uitsterven">uitgestorven</a> <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">mensachtigen</a> dat leefde tussen 4,3 en 2 miljoen jaar geleden. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Australopithecus_africanus"><i>Australopithecus africanus</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australopithecus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Australopithecus africanus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australopithecus&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Australopithecus africanus"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De naam werd in 1925 door <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Dart" title="Raymond Dart">Raymond Dart</a> benoemd met de <a href="/wiki/Typesoort" title="Typesoort">typesoort</a> van het geslacht, <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_africanus" title="Australopithecus africanus">Australopithecus africanus</a></i>, waartoe een klein <a href="/wiki/Schedel" title="Schedel">schedeltje</a> behoorde dat hij had gevonden in een grote bak met <a href="/wiki/Fossiel" title="Fossiel">fossielen</a> die in 1924 uit de <a href="/wiki/Leisteen" title="Leisteen">leisteengroeve</a> van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taung_(Zuid-Afrika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taung (Zuid-Afrika) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Taung</a> (Zuid-Afrika) waren opgegraven. Het kreeg als bijnaam het <a href="/wiki/Taungkind" title="Taungkind">Taungkind</a>, naar de plaats waar het schedeltje was gevonden, dat waarschijnlijk aan een erg jong exemplaar had toebehoord. De vondst werd eerst door Britse geleerden afgedaan als behorende tot een uitgestorven <a href="/wiki/Mensaap" class="mw-redirect" title="Mensaap">mensaap</a>, maar na de vondst van fossielen in 1947 bij <a href="/wiki/Sterkfontein" title="Sterkfontein">Sterkfontein</a> en <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Afrika" title="Zuid-Afrika">Zuid-Afrika</a>, die blijkbaar tot dezelfde soort behoorden, erkende men algemeen dat dit dier bepaalde kenmerken had die het meer op een mens dan op een (basale) mensaap deden lijken. Niet alleen had <i>Australopithecus</i> zich kennelijk op <a href="/wiki/Bipedie" title="Bipedie">twee benen</a> voortbewogen, ook het <a href="/wiki/Gebit" title="Gebit">gebit</a> had kenmerken die meer mensachtig dan aapachtig waren. De <a href="/wiki/Hoektand" title="Hoektand">hoektanden</a> en voortanden waren kleiner dan bij een mensaap gebruikelijk is, en ook de gebitsboog was ovaler dan de duidelijke 'U' vorm die voor basale apen kenmerkend is. Andere kenmerken waren juist meer gelijkend op die van moderne basale mensapen, zoals de beperkte herseninhoud. Men had dus voor het eerst een vorm gevonden die het midden hield tussen een <a href="/wiki/Chimpansee" title="Chimpansee">chimpansee</a> en een mens en ook een die een stuk ouder was dan andere indertijd bekende fossiele mensachtigen. </p><p>De studie naar <i>Australopithecus</i> zou aldus een sleutelrol gaan vervullen in het onderzoek naar de vroege <a href="/wiki/Evolutie_van_de_mens" title="Evolutie van de mens">menselijke evolutie</a>. Dat werd nog versterkt door de gewoonte om allerlei meer of minder direct aan <i>A. africanus</i> verwante vormen uit <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> binnen het geslacht <i>Australopithecus</i> onder te brengen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verdere_soorten">Verdere soorten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australopithecus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verdere soorten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australopithecus&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verdere soorten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1951 werd <i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_robustus" title="Paranthropus robustus">Paranthropus robustus</a></i> door Sherwood Washburn en Bruce D. Patterson hernoemd tot een <i>Australopithecus robustus</i>. Dat bleef tot de jaren negentig een gangbare aanduiding, toen men weer terugkeerde naar <i>Paranthropus</i>. </p><p>In 1974 vonden <a href="/wiki/Donald_Johanson" title="Donald Johanson">Donald Johanson</a> en <a href="/wiki/Yves_Coppens" title="Yves Coppens">Yves Coppens</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadar_(Ethiopi%C3%AB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadar (Ethiopië) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Hadar</a> (Ethiopië), bij de rivier Sawah, een voor vijfenveertig procent compleet <a href="/wiki/Skelet" title="Skelet">skelet</a>. Johanson en Tim White benoemden dit <a href="/wiki/Fossiel" title="Fossiel">fossiel</a> en gelijkaardige vondsten in 1978 als <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_afarensis" title="Australopithecus afarensis">Australopithecus afarensis</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Het fossiel kreeg de bijnaam 'Lucy', naar het Beatleslied <i><a href="/wiki/Lucy_in_the_Sky_with_Diamonds" title="Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds">Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds</a></i>, dat gedurende de expeditie vaak in het basiskamp werd gedraaid. </p><p>In 1995 werd door een Franse onderzoeksgroep in de Bahrel el Ghazali vallei bij <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koro_Toro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koro Toro (de pagina bestaat niet)">Koro Toro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tsjaad" title="Tsjaad">Tsjaad</a>) de overblijfselen van een drie miljoen jaar oude <a href="/wiki/Homo_(geslacht)" title="Homo (geslacht)">hominide</a> aangetroffen die men de naam <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_bahrelghazali" title="Australopithecus bahrelghazali">Australopithecus bahrelghazali</a></i> gaf. De fossielen vertoonden overeenkomsten met <i>Australopithecus afarensis</i>. Het is tot op heden de enige vondst van een <i>Australopithecus</i>-soort uit <a href="/wiki/Centraal-Afrika" title="Centraal-Afrika">Centraal-Afrika</a>. </p><p>Tussen 1990 en 1997 vond men in <a href="/wiki/Ethiopi%C3%AB" title="Ethiopië">Ethiopië</a>, nabij het plaatsje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bouri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bouri (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bouri</a>, de fossielen van een 2,5 miljoen jaar oude <i>Australopithecus</i>, die in 1999 benoemd werd als <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_garhi" title="Australopithecus garhi">Australopithecus garhi</a></i>. 'Garhi' betekent in de streektaal 'verrassing'. Deze soort maakte bijna zeker gebruik van ruw gevormde <a href="/wiki/Stenen_werktuig" title="Stenen werktuig">stenen werktuigen</a>, aangezien deze in ruime mate in de buurt van de fossielen werden gevonden. Het idee dat alleen het geslacht <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_(geslacht)" title="Homo (geslacht)">Homo</a></i> stenen werktuigen maakte, is daarmee mogelijk achterhaald. <i>Australopithecus garhi</i> zou meer informatie over de overgang van <i>Australopithecus</i> naar <i>Homo</i> kunnen geven. </p><p>In 2008 ontdekte <a href="/wiki/Lee_Rogers_Berger" title="Lee Rogers Berger">Lee Rogers Berger</a> in een grot in Zuid-Afrika een aantal uitzonderlijk gave skeletten van een kleine twee miljoen jaar oud. Deze werden in 2011 door hem benoemd als de soort <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_sediba" title="Australopithecus sediba">Australopithecus sediba</a></i>. </p><p>In 2011 werden enkele kaakfragmenten gevonden in <a href="/wiki/Ethiopi%C3%AB" title="Ethiopië">Ethiopië</a>. Die werden in 2015 benoemd als de soort <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_deyiremeda" title="Australopithecus deyiremeda">Australopithecus deyiremeda</a></i>. </p><p>Alle vindplaatsen waren gelegen op meer dan 1000 meter hoogte. Sommige vindplaatsen zijn door geologische ontwikkelingen op een lagere hoogte gekomen. Gelijkaardige diersoorten zijn wel gevonden in laaglanden. De conclusie is dat <i>Australopithecus</i> niet in de tropische warme laaglanden of droge woestijnen heeft geleefd. Dit zou ook verklaren waarom <i>Australopithecus</i> niet uit Afrika is kunnen migreren.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fylogenie">Fylogenie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australopithecus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Fylogenie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australopithecus&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Fylogenie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toen in 1951 alle bekende <a href="/w/index.php?title=Australopithecinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australopithecinae (de pagina bestaat niet)">Australopithecinae</a> onder <i>Australopithecus</i> werden geschaard, begon het geslacht te functioneren als een groep. Dat was problematisch omdat deze groep <a href="/wiki/Parafyletisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Parafyletisch">parafyletisch</a> was: hij omvatte hoogstwaarschijnlijk niet alle nakomelingen. Algemeen wordt namelijk aangenomen dat <i>Homo</i>, de geslachtsnaam van de moderne mens, <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a></i>, van een of ander lid van <i>Australopithecus</i> afstamt. Dat dwingt de onderzoekers ergens een grens te trekken tussen beide geslachten <i>Australopithecus</i> en <i>Homo</i>. De vraag waar men die grens wil leggen, kan echter in principe niet wetenschappelijk, door zintuiglijke waarneming, worden bepaald. Er kan ook geen echte grens bestaan juist vanwege de evolutionaire afstammingsrelatie die een geleidelijke ontwikkeling impliceert. </p><p>Vaak heeft men geprobeerd dit probleem op te lossen door <i>Australopithecus</i> als een stagnerende fase in de evolutie af te schilderen. De leden van het geslacht zouden kleine dieren geweest zijn, vegetariër, met een herseninhoud die niet significant afwijkt van die van basale mensapen en niet in staat tot werktuiggebruik. Zo'n twee miljoen jaar geleden zou er zich een evolutiesprong hebben voorgedaan toen plotseling het brein in grootte toenam, vlees gegeten werd en werktuigen in de lagen verschenen. Dat zou rechtvaardigen om van een nieuw geslacht <i>Homo</i> te spreken. Nieuwe vondsten hebben dit scenario echter onderuitgehaald. Het lijkt erop dat al veel eerder een werktuigcultuur ontstaan is. De lichaamsgrootte van <i>Australopithecus</i> blijkt veel variabeler dan gedacht. De toeneming in hersengrootte blijkt een complex verschijnsel te zijn dat niet eenvoudig met het eten van vlees samenhangt. Het is voorgesteld om de 'vroege <i>Homo'</i>, dus <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_habilis" title="Homo habilis">Homo habilis</a></i> en <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_rudolfensis" title="Homo rudolfensis">Homo rudolfensis</a></i>, dan ook maar bij <i>Australopithecus</i> onder te brengen maar dat heeft weinig navolging gevonden. Zo wordt het probleem slechts verschoven. </p><p>De situatie is sinds de jaren negentig nog aanzienlijk gecompliceerd door de vondst en benoeming van nieuwe taxa. Er is een oude vorm aangetroffen die als een apart geslacht benoemd is: <i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus" title="Ardipithecus">Ardipithecus</a></i>. Meer afgeleid, dus "moderner" van bouw, is de soort die benoemd is als <i>Australopithecus anamensis</i>. Dat zou de directe voorloper kunnen zijn geweest van <i>A. afarensis</i>. Terwijl deze drie taxa nog op één enkele afstammingslijn geplaatst zouden kunnen worden, geldt dat niet voor <i>Australopithecus bahrelghazali</i>, <i>Australopithecus deyiremeda</i> en <i>Australopithecus garhi</i> waarvan de onderlinge relatie en de verhouding tot <i>A. afarensis</i> of de robuuste australopitheken, verwante grotere vormen met een gigantisch kauwapparaat, nog zeer onduidelijk is. Men is er toe overgegaan de robuuste vormen onder te brengen in eigen geslachten zoals <i>Paranthropus</i>. Sommige onderzoekers die menen dat <i>A. africanus</i> op de robuuste tak ligt, hebben dit aangegrepen om het geslacht <i>Australopithecus</i> tot alleen de typesoort te beperken. <i>A. anamensis</i> en <i>A. afarensis</i> worden dan ondergebracht in een eigen geslacht <i>Praeanthropus</i>. De invloedrijke Zuid-Afrikaanse onderzoekschool ziet <i>A. africanus</i> echter als een voorouder van de moderne mens, wellicht via <i>A. sediba</i>, en verwerpt deze oplossing. Al met al bestaat er dus geen consensus over dit vraagstuk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomie">Taxonomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australopithecus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Taxonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australopithecus&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Taxonomie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56498116">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{margin:0;padding:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:20px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li.lastline{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul{margin-left:-1px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>Geslacht: <i><b>Australopithecus</b></i> <ul><li>Soort: <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_afarensis" title="Australopithecus afarensis">Australopithecus afarensis</a></i> † ("Lucy")</li> <li>Soort: <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_africanus" title="Australopithecus africanus">Australopithecus africanus</a></i> †</li> <li>Soort: <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_anamensis" title="Australopithecus anamensis">Australopithecus anamensis</a></i> †</li> <li>Soort: <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_bahrelghazali" title="Australopithecus bahrelghazali">Australopithecus bahrelghazali</a></i> †</li> <li>Soort: <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_deyiremeda" title="Australopithecus deyiremeda">Australopithecus deyiremeda</a></i> †</li> <li>Soort: <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_garhi" title="Australopithecus garhi">Australopithecus garhi</a></i> †</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> Soort: <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_sediba" title="Australopithecus sediba">Australopithecus sediba</a></i> †</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <p>Vroeger <i>Australopithecus</i>, nu geplaatst in het geslacht <i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus" title="Paranthropus">Paranthropus</a></i>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56498116"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>Geslacht: <i><b>Paranthropus</b></i> <ul><li>Soort: <i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_aethiopicus" title="Paranthropus aethiopicus">Paranthropus aethiopicus</a></i> †</li> <li>Soort: <i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_boisei" title="Paranthropus boisei">Paranthropus boisei</a></i> †</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="lastline"> Soort: <i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_robustus" title="Paranthropus robustus">Paranthropus robustus</a></i> †</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meer_afbeeldingen">Meer afbeeldingen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australopithecus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Meer afbeeldingen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australopithecus&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Meer afbeeldingen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Australopithecusafarensis_reconstruction.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Australopithecus afarensis"><img alt="Australopithecus afarensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Australopithecusafarensis_reconstruction.jpg/120px-Australopithecusafarensis_reconstruction.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Australopithecusafarensis_reconstruction.jpg/180px-Australopithecusafarensis_reconstruction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Australopithecusafarensis_reconstruction.jpg/240px-Australopithecusafarensis_reconstruction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1864" data-file-height="1818" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><center><i>Australopithecus afarensis</i></center></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Australopithecus_africanus_Taung_side_(University_of_Zurich).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Australopithecus africanus"><img alt="Australopithecus africanus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Australopithecus_africanus_Taung_side_%28University_of_Zurich%29.JPG/90px-Australopithecus_africanus_Taung_side_%28University_of_Zurich%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Australopithecus_africanus_Taung_side_%28University_of_Zurich%29.JPG/135px-Australopithecus_africanus_Taung_side_%28University_of_Zurich%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Australopithecus_africanus_Taung_side_%28University_of_Zurich%29.JPG/180px-Australopithecus_africanus_Taung_side_%28University_of_Zurich%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><center><i>Australopithecus africanus</i></center></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Australopithecus_sediba.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Australopithecus sediba"><img alt="Australopithecus sediba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Australopithecus_sediba.JPG/120px-Australopithecus_sediba.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Australopithecus_sediba.JPG/180px-Australopithecus_sediba.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Australopithecus_sediba.JPG/240px-Australopithecus_sediba.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3597" data-file-height="2706" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><center><i>Australopithecus sediba</i></center></div> </li> </ul> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; clear:both; font-size: 85%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Voorlopers en oude verwanten van de mens </th></tr> <tr> <th>Fossiel voorkomen </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Geslacht_(biologie)" title="Geslacht (biologie)">Geslacht</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Soort" title="Soort">Soorten</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">7 - 4,4 <a href="/wiki/Mega-annum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mega-annum">Ma</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Sahelanthropus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahelanthropus">Sahelanthropus</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Sahelanthropus_tchadensis" title="Sahelanthropus tchadensis">Sahelanthropus tchadensis</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Orrorin" class="mw-redirect" title="Orrorin">Orrorin</a> </i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Orrorin_tugenensis" title="Orrorin tugenensis">Orrorin tugenensis</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus" title="Ardipithecus">Ardipithecus</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_ramidus" title="Ardipithecus ramidus">Ardipithecus ramidus</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_kadabba" title="Ardipithecus kadabba">Ardipithecus kadabba</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4,3 - 2 Ma </td> <td><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Australopithecus</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_anamensis" title="Australopithecus anamensis">A. anamensis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_afarensis" title="Australopithecus afarensis">A. afarensis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_bahrelghazali" title="Australopithecus bahrelghazali">A. bahrelghazali</a> · <a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_africanus" title="Australopithecus africanus">A. africanus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_garhi" title="Australopithecus garhi">A. garhi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_sediba" title="Australopithecus sediba">A. sediba</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3,5 Ma </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Kenyanthropus" title="Kenyanthropus">Kenyanthropus</a></i> </td> <td><i> <a href="/wiki/Kenyanthropus_platyops" title="Kenyanthropus platyops">Kenyanthropus platyops</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2,5 - 1 Ma </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus" title="Paranthropus">Paranthropus</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_aethiopicus" title="Paranthropus aethiopicus">P. aethiopicus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_boisei" title="Paranthropus boisei">P. boisei</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_robustus" title="Paranthropus robustus">P. robustus</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>tot heden </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_(geslacht)" title="Homo (geslacht)">Homo</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_antecessor" title="Homo antecessor">H. antecessor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Homo_cepranensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo cepranensis">H. cepranensis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Denisovamens" title="Denisovamens">H. denisova</a> · <a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Javamens" title="Javamens">Javamens</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pekingmens" title="Pekingmens">Pekingmens</a>) · <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_ergaster" title="Homo ergaster">H. ergaster</a> · <a href="/wiki/Floresmens" title="Floresmens">H. floresiensis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Homo_gautengensis" title="Homo gautengensis">H. gautengensis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dmanisi-mensen" title="Dmanisi-mensen">H. georgicus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Homo_habilis" title="Homo habilis">H. habilis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">H. heidelbergensis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Homo_helmei" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo helmei">H. helmei</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neanderthaler" title="Neanderthaler">H. neanderthalensis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rhodesi%C3%ABmens" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodesiëmens">H. rhodesiensis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Homo_rudolfensis" title="Homo rudolfensis">H. rudolfensis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mens" title="Mens">Homo sapiens</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens_idaltu" title="Homo sapiens idaltu">H. s. idaltu</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Cro-magnonmens" title="Cro-magnonmens">Cro-magnonmens</a> · <a href="/wiki/Red_Deer_Cave-mensen" title="Red Deer Cave-mensen">Red Deer Cave-mensen</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <p><b>Literatuur</b> </p> <ul><li>Raymond A. Dart, 1925, "<i>Australopithecus africanus</i>: The man-ape of South Africa", <i>Nature</i> <b>115</b>: 195–199</li> <li>Cela-Conde, C.J. & Ayala, F.J. 2003. "Genera of the human lineage". <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>100</b>(13): 7684–7689</li> <li>Kimbel, W.H. & Villmoare, B. 2016. "From <i>Australopithecus</i> to <i>Homo</i>: the transition that wasn't". <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences</i>. <b>371</b>(1698): 20150248</li></ul> <p><b>Noten</b> </p> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=40900">Fossilworks: Australopithecus</a>. <i>www.fossilworks.org</i>. Geraadpleegd op 15-01-2023. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prehistoric-fauna.com/Australopithecus-afarensis">Australopithecus afarensis</a>. <i>prehistoric-fauna.com</i>. Geraadpleegd op 15-01-2023. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248416000300">Bipedality and hair loss in human evolution revisited: The impact of altitude and activity scheduling, Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 94, Pages 72-82, Tamás Dávid-Barrett en Robin I.M. Dunbar, CC-licentie, Elsevier</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029005631/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248416000300">Gearchiveerd</a> op 29 oktober 2021.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Externe link</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sesha.net/eden/Australopitheken.asp">Australopitheken</a></i></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australopithecus&oldid=67216308">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australopithecus&oldid=67216308</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Australopithecus" title="Categorie:Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verborgen categorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Wikipedia:IUCN_Red_List_Status_EX" title="Categorie:Wikipedia:IUCN Red List Status EX">Wikipedia:IUCN Red List Status EX</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 17 mrt 2024 om 16:43.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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