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class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Glenoidal labrum</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray328.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gray328.png/250px-Gray328.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Gray328.png 1.5x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="344" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Lateral view of the shoulder showing the glenoid labrum (marked "glenoid lig.")</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>labrum glenoidale</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/03.5.08.002%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A03.5.08.002</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=1765">1765</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma23290">23290</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q928286" class="extiw" title="d:Q928286">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>glenoid labrum</b> (<b>glenoid ligament</b>) is a fibrocartilaginous (but not <a href="/wiki/Fibrocartilage" title="Fibrocartilage">fibrocartilage</a>, as previously thought) structure attached around the rim of the <a href="/wiki/Glenoid_cavity" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenoid cavity">glenoid cavity</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Shoulder_blade" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoulder blade">shoulder blade</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Shoulder_joint" title="Shoulder joint">shoulder joint</a> is considered a <a href="/wiki/Ball-and-socket_joint" title="Ball-and-socket joint">ball-and-socket joint</a>. However, in bony terms the 'socket' (the <a href="/wiki/Glenoid_cavity" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenoid cavity">glenoid fossa</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Scapula" title="Scapula">scapula</a>) is quite shallow and small, covering at most only a third of the 'ball' (the <a href="/wiki/Humerus" title="Humerus">head of the humerus</a>). The socket is deepened by the glenoid labrum, stabilizing the shoulder joint.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The labrum is triangular in section; the base is fixed to the circumference of the cavity, while the free edge is thin and sharp. </p><p>It is continuous above with the tendon of the long head of the <a href="/wiki/Biceps_brachii" class="mw-redirect" title="Biceps brachii">biceps brachii</a>, which gives off two <a href="/wiki/Muscle_fascicle" title="Muscle fascicle">fascicles</a> to blend with the fibrous tissue of the labrum. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenoid_labrum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenoid_labrum._Schematic_drawing_of_the_transverse_section..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Glenoid_labrum._Schematic_drawing_of_the_transverse_section..jpg/600px-Glenoid_labrum._Schematic_drawing_of_the_transverse_section..jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Glenoid_labrum._Schematic_drawing_of_the_transverse_section..jpg/900px-Glenoid_labrum._Schematic_drawing_of_the_transverse_section..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Glenoid_labrum._Schematic_drawing_of_the_transverse_section..jpg/1200px-Glenoid_labrum._Schematic_drawing_of_the_transverse_section..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>Glenoid labrum. Schematic drawing of the transverse section. Morphologic variants of the glenoid labrum with relative distribution in percentage for the anterior labrum. a: 50%. Triangular with line of increased signal intensity along the hyalin articular cartilage. b: 20%. Rounded. c: 7%. Comma-shaped flattened. d: 3%. Absent. e: 15%. Cleaved. f: 8%. Notched. g: Central increase in signal intensity. h: Linear increase in signal intensity. The posterior labrum generally exhibits a triangular or rounded form.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenoid_labrum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Injury">Injury</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenoid_labrum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Injury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tearing of the labrum can occur from either <a href="/wiki/Major_trauma" title="Major trauma">acute trauma</a> or repetitive shoulder motion such as in the sports of swimming, baseball and football. Acute trauma may be from <a href="/wiki/Dislocated_shoulder" title="Dislocated shoulder">dislocation of the shoulder</a>, direct blows to the shoulder, and other accidents of the sort. Tears are classified as either superior or inferior in regards to where the tear is in the glenoid cavity. A <a href="/wiki/SLAP_lesion" class="mw-redirect" title="SLAP lesion">SLAP lesion</a> (superior labrum, anterior to posterior) is a tear where the glenoid labrum meets the <a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">tendon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Biceps" title="Biceps">long head of the biceps muscle</a>. Symptoms include increased pain with overhead activity, popping or grinding, loss of strength, and trouble localizing a specific point of pain.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because a SLAP lesion involves the biceps, pain and weakness may also be felt when performing <a href="/wiki/Elbow" title="Elbow">elbow</a> <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_motion" title="Anatomical terms of motion">flexion</a> with resistance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenoid_labrum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Clinician" title="Clinician">Clinicians</a> can use any combination of the following manual tests to assist in determining if a labral tear has occurred; Jobe Relocation, O'Brien, Anterior Apprehension, Bicipital Groove Tenderness, Crank, Speed, and Yergason tests. As a general rule, abnormal pain experienced during any of these tests will indicate a positive result, or a tear of the glenoid labrum. All of the tests take advantage of the fact that the labrum meets the tendon of the long head of the biceps muscle, and thus will normally produce pain in the region if a tear is present. Additionally, clinicians may order an MRI (<a href="/wiki/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic Resonance Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>) or CT (<a href="/wiki/Computed_Tomography" class="mw-redirect" title="Computed Tomography">Computed Tomography</a>) scan to be conducted utilizing <a href="/wiki/Contrast_agent" title="Contrast agent">contrast injections</a> to highlight where tears may be present. However, due to inherent variability between humans, manual tests, when possible, are more accurate in determining the presence of a labral tear.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treatment">Treatment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenoid_labrum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Detachment of the glenoid labrum often requires <a href="/wiki/Orthopedic_surgery" title="Orthopedic surgery">surgery</a> to reattach it to the glenoid fossa.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arthroscopic surgical techniques can also be used for more minor detachments.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenoid_labrum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">anatomical terminology</a>.</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bankart_lesion" title="Bankart lesion">Bankart lesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill-Sachs_lesion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill-Sachs lesion">Hill-Sachs lesion</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenoid_labrum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/319/mode/2up">page 319</a> of the 20th edition of</i> <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a> <i>(1918)</i> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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Michael (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781782424499000017">"1 - Anterior instability: Shoulder dislocations, instability, and the labrum"</a>, <i>Shoulder and Elbow Trauma and its Complications</i>, Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials, Woodhead Publishing, pp. 3–22, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-1-78242-449-9.00001-7">10.1016/b978-1-78242-449-9.00001-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78242-449-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78242-449-9"><bdi>978-1-78242-449-9</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031200326/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781782424499000017">archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shoulder+and+Elbow+Trauma+and+its+Complications&rft.atitle=1+-+Anterior+instability%3A+Shoulder+dislocations%2C+instability%2C+and+the+labrum&rft.pages=3-22&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-1-78242-449-9.00001-7&rft.isbn=978-1-78242-449-9&rft.aulast=Watling&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rft.au=Brabston%2C+E.+W.&rft.au=Padaki%2C+A.+S.&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+C.+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9781782424499000017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlenoid+labrum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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School">Dartmouth Medical School</a>'s Department of Anatomy</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00426">http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00426</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121225174021/http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00426">Archived</a> 25 December 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121119012737/http://www.orthospecmd.com/SLAPlesion.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20121119012737/http://www.orthospecmd.com/SLAPlesion.html</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.carlosguanchemd.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Clinical-Testing-for-Tears-of-the-Glenoid-Labrum.pdf">http://www.carlosguanchemd.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Clinical-Testing-for-Tears-of-the-Glenoid-Labrum.pdf</a> <a 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href="/wiki/Anterior_sternoclavicular_ligament" title="Anterior sternoclavicular ligament">Anterior sternoclavicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_sternoclavicular_ligament" title="Posterior sternoclavicular ligament">Posterior sternoclavicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interclavicular_ligament" title="Interclavicular ligament">Interclavicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costoclavicular_ligament" title="Costoclavicular ligament">Costoclavicular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acromioclavicular_joint" title="Acromioclavicular joint">Acromioclavicular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syndesmosis" title="Syndesmosis">Syndesmoses</a>: <a href="/wiki/Coracoacromial_ligament" title="Coracoacromial ligament">Coracoacromial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_transverse_scapular_ligament" title="Superior transverse scapular ligament">Superior transverse scapular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_transverse_ligament_of_scapula" title="Inferior transverse ligament of scapula">Inferior transverse of scapula</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synovial_joint" title="Synovial joint">Synovial</a>: <a href="/wiki/Acromioclavicular_ligament" title="Acromioclavicular ligament">Acromioclavicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coracoclavicular_ligament" title="Coracoclavicular ligament">Coracoclavicular</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trapezoid_ligament" title="Trapezoid ligament">trapezoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conoid_ligament" title="Conoid ligament">conoid</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glenohumeral_joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenohumeral joint">Glenohumeral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Articular_capsule_of_the_humerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Articular capsule of the humerus">Capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coracohumeral_ligament" title="Coracohumeral ligament">Coracohumeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenohumeral_ligaments" title="Glenohumeral ligaments">Glenohumeral (superior, middle, and inferior)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_humeral_ligament" title="Transverse humeral ligament">Transverse humeral</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Glenoid labrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elbow" title="Elbow">Elbow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Humeroradial_joint" title="Humeroradial joint">Humeroradial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radial_collateral_ligament_of_elbow_joint" title="Radial collateral ligament of elbow joint">Radial collateral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Humeroulnar_joint" title="Humeroulnar joint">Humeroulnar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulnar_collateral_ligament_of_elbow_joint" title="Ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint">Ulnar collateral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proximal_radioulnar_articulation" title="Proximal radioulnar articulation">Proximal radioulnar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anular_ligament_of_radius" class="mw-redirect" title="Anular ligament of radius">Anular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblique_cord" title="Oblique cord">Oblique cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrate_ligament" title="Quadrate ligament">Quadrate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forearm" title="Forearm">Forearm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Distal_radioulnar" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Distal_radioulnar_articulation" title="Distal radioulnar articulation">Distal radioulnar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palmar_radioulnar_ligament" title="Palmar radioulnar ligament">Palmar radioulnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_radioulnar_ligament" title="Dorsal radioulnar ligament">Dorsal radioulnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interosseous_membrane_of_forearm" title="Interosseous membrane of forearm">Interosseous membrane of forearm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">Hand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wrist" title="Wrist">Wrist/radiocarpal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_radiocarpal_ligament" title="Dorsal radiocarpal ligament">Dorsal radiocarpal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Palmar_radiocarpal_ligament" title="Palmar radiocarpal ligament">Palmar radiocarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_ulnocarpal_ligament" title="Dorsal ulnocarpal ligament">Dorsal ulnocarpal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Palmar_ulnocarpal_ligament" title="Palmar ulnocarpal ligament">Palmar ulnocarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulnar_collateral_ligament_of_wrist_joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulnar collateral ligament of wrist joint">Ulnar collateral</a>/<a href="/wiki/Radial_collateral_ligament_of_wrist_joint" title="Radial collateral ligament of wrist joint">Radial collateral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intercarpal_joints" title="Intercarpal joints">Intercarpal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midcarpal_joint" title="Midcarpal joint">Midcarpal</a></li></ul></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiate_carpal_ligament" title="Radiate carpal ligament">Radiate carpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_intercarpal_ligament" title="Dorsal intercarpal ligament">Dorsal intercarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmar_intercarpal_ligaments" title="Palmar intercarpal ligaments">Palmar intercarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interosseous_intercarpal_ligaments" title="Interosseous intercarpal ligaments">Interosseous intercarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapholunate_ligament" title="Scapholunate ligament">Scapholunate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisiform_joint" title="Pisiform joint">Pisiform joint</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pisohamate_ligament" title="Pisohamate ligament">Pisohamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisometacarpal_ligament" title="Pisometacarpal ligament">Pisometacarpal</a>)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carpometacarpal_joint" title="Carpometacarpal joint">Carpometacarpal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_carpometacarpal_ligaments" title="Dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments">Dorsal carpometacarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmar_carpometacarpal_ligaments" title="Palmar carpometacarpal ligaments">Palmar carpometacarpal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carpometacarpal_joint#Thumb" title="Carpometacarpal joint">thumb</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Radial_collateral_ligament_of_thumb" title="Radial collateral ligament of thumb">Radial collateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulnar_collateral_ligament_of_thumb" title="Ulnar collateral ligament of thumb">Ulnar collateral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intermetacarpal_joints" title="Intermetacarpal joints">Intermetacarpal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_transverse_metacarpal_ligament" title="Deep transverse metacarpal ligament">Deep transverse metacarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superficial_transverse_metacarpal_ligament" class="mw-redirect" title="Superficial transverse metacarpal ligament">Superficial transverse metacarpal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metacarpophalangeal_joint" title="Metacarpophalangeal joint">Metacarpophalangeal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collateral_ligaments_of_metacarpophalangeal_joints" title="Collateral ligaments of metacarpophalangeal joints">Collateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmar_plate" title="Palmar plate">Palmar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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