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class="vector-toc-link" href="#1010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1010s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1020s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1030s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1030s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1030s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1030s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1040s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1040s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1040s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1040s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1050s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1050s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>1050s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1050s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1060s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1060s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>1060s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1060s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1070s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1070s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>1070s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1070s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1080s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1080s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>1080s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1080s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1090s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1090s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>1090s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1090s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-12th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#12th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>12th century</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-12th_century-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 12th century subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-12th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1100s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1100s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1100s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1100s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1110s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1110s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>1110s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1110s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1120s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1120s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>1120s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1120s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1130s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1130s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>1130s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1130s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1140s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1140s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>1140s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1140s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1150s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1150s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>1150s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1150s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1160s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1160s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>1160s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1160s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1170s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1170s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>1170s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1170s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1180s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1180s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>1180s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1180s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1190s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1190s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>1190s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1190s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-13th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#13th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>13th century</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-13th_century-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 13th century subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-13th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1200s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1200s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>1200s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1200s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1210s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1210s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>1210s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1210s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1220s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1220s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>1220s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1220s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1230s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1230s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>1230s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1230s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1240s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1240s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>1240s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1240s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1250s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1250s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>1250s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1250s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1260s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1260s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>1260s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1260s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1270s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1270s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>1270s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1270s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> 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navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms" title="Timeline of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms">Timeline of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Yuan_dynasty" title="Timeline of the Yuan dynasty">Timeline of the Yuan dynasty</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Timeline of the Mongol Empire">Timeline of the Mongol Empire</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Song_Circuits.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Northern_Song_Circuits.png/380px-Northern_Song_Circuits.png" decoding="async" width="380" height="537" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Northern_Song_Circuits.png/570px-Northern_Song_Circuits.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Northern_Song_Circuits.png/760px-Northern_Song_Circuits.png 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Northern_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Song">Northern Song</a> (960–1127)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China_-_Southern_Song_Dynasty-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/China_-_Southern_Song_Dynasty-en.svg/380px-China_-_Southern_Song_Dynasty-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="380" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/China_-_Southern_Song_Dynasty-en.svg/570px-China_-_Southern_Song_Dynasty-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/China_-_Southern_Song_Dynasty-en.svg/760px-China_-_Southern_Song_Dynasty-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="825" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Southern_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song">Southern Song</a> (1127–1279)</figcaption></figure> <p>This is a timeline of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279). The Song dynasty was founded by Zhao Kuangyin, posthumously known as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizu_of_Song" title="Emperor Taizu of Song">Emperor Taizu of Song</a>, who ended the period of division known as the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms</a> period. The Song dynasty is commonly separated into two historical periods, the Northern Song (960–1127) and the Southern Song (1127–1278), divided by the loss of the north to the <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_Jin_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurchen Jin dynasty">Jurchen Jin dynasty</a> (1115–1234). In 1279, the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongol</a> <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> conquered the Song. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="10th_century">10th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 10th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="960s">960s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/960" title="960">960</a></td> <td>February</td> <td>Zhao Kuangyin declares himself <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizu_of_Song" title="Emperor Taizu of Song">Emperor Taizu of Song</a>, replacing <a href="/wiki/Later_Zhou" title="Later Zhou">Later Zhou</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/963" title="963">963</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> conquers <a href="/wiki/Jingnan" title="Jingnan">Jingnan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> introduces the appointment by protection system, which allows high officials to nominate their sons, grandsons, and nephews for the civil service<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009124_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009124-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/965" title="965">965</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Song_conquest_of_Later_Shu" title="Song conquest of Later Shu">Song conquest of Later Shu</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> conquers <a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Later Shu</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tao_Gu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tao Gu (page does not exist)">Tao Gu</a> provides the first written documentation of using <a href="/wiki/Cormorants" class="mw-redirect" title="Cormorants">cormorants</a> for fishing<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986h460_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986h460-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/967" title="967">967</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Yanyao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long Yanyao (page does not exist)">Long Yanyao</a> of <a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Nanning</a>, the Yang clan of <a href="/wiki/Bozhou_Tusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bozhou Tusi">Bo Prefecture</a>, and the Tian clan of <a href="/wiki/Wuchuan_Gelao_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County">Si Prefecture</a> submit to the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> in return for their autonomy<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200739_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerman200739-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Song dynasty recognizes the Bole of the Luodian kingdom, the Mangbu of the Badedian kingdom, and the Awangren of the Yushi kingdom<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200743_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerman200743-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/968" title="968">968</a></td> <td></td> <td>Vietnamese king <a href="/wiki/%C4%90inh_B%E1%BB%99_L%C4%A9nh" title="Đinh Bộ Lĩnh">Đinh Bộ Lĩnh</a> of the <a href="/wiki/%C4%90inh_dynasty" title="Đinh dynasty">Đinh dynasty</a> unites the kingdom and renames it to <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_C%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t" class="mw-redirect" title="Đại Cồ Việt">Đại Cồ Việt</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009247_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009247-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/969" title="969">969</a></td> <td></td> <td>Gunpowder propelled <a href="/wiki/Fire_arrow" title="Fire arrow">fire arrows</a>, rocket arrows, are invented by Yue Yifang and Feng Jisheng.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiang2006_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiang2006-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="970s">970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/971" title="971">971</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Song_conquest_of_Southern_Han" title="Song conquest of Southern Han">Song conquest of Southern Han</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> conquers <a href="/wiki/Southern_Han" title="Southern Han">Southern Han</a> - marks the last time elephants are used in Chinese warfare<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/972" title="972">972</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizu_of_Song" title="Emperor Taizu of Song">Emperor Taizu of Song</a> recognized the independence of Vietnamese kingdom <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_C%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t" class="mw-redirect" title="Đại Cồ Việt">Đại Cồ Việt</a> with establishing the nominate tributary relation<sup id="cite_ref-Songshi_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Songshi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/974" title="974">974</a></td> <td></td> <td>The earliest natural history of pharmaceuticals, the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaibao_Bencao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaibao Bencao (page does not exist)">Kaibao Bencao</a></i>, is printed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986h280_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986h280-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The Mo clan of <a href="/wiki/Nandan_County" title="Nandan County">Nandan</a> submits to Song authority<sup id="cite_ref-zhuang08_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhuang08-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/975" title="975">975</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Song_conquest_of_Southern_Tang" title="Song conquest of Southern Tang">Song conquest of Southern Tang</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> conquers <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizu_of_Song" title="Emperor Taizu of Song">Emperor Taizu of Song</a> tries to convince Pugui of the <a href="/wiki/Mu%27ege" title="Mu'ege">Mu'ege</a> Kingdom situated in northwest, central, east, and southeast <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a> to acquiesce to Song overlordship<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200740_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerman200740-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/976" title="976">976</a></td> <td>14 November</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizu_of_Song" title="Emperor Taizu of Song">Emperor Taizu of Song</a> dies and his brother Zhao Guangyi succeeds him as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Song" title="Emperor Taizong of Song">Emperor Taizong of Song</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009228_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009228-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009242_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009242-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> and aboriginal allies in <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a> attack the <a href="/wiki/Mu%27ege" title="Mu'ege">Mu'ege</a> Kingdom, forcing them to retreat to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugebaizhage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mugebaizhage (page does not exist)">Dafang County</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200742_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerman200742-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/977" title="977">977</a></td> <td></td> <td>The price ratio of iron to rice reaches 632:100<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobson200452_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobson200452-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/978" title="978">978</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> conquers <a href="/wiki/Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Wuyue</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/979" title="979">979</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Song_conquest_of_Northern_Han" title="Song conquest of Northern Han">Song conquest of Northern Han</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> conquers <a href="/wiki/Northern_Han" title="Northern Han">Northern Han</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaoliang_River" title="Battle of Gaoliang River">Battle of Gaoliang River</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> and is defeated<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett199486_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett199486-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="980s">980s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/980" title="980">980</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jingzong_of_Liao" title="Emperor Jingzong of Liao">Emperor Jingzong of Liao</a> invades the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> and retakes territory in <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett199486_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett199486-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Yanyao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long Yanyao (page does not exist)">Long Yanyao</a>'s grandson <a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Qiongju&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long Qiongju (page does not exist)">Long Qiongju</a> presents tribute to the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Song" title="Emperor Taizong of Song">Emperor Taizong of Song</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200739_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerman200739-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/981" title="981">981</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_B%E1%BA%A1ch_%C4%90%E1%BA%B1ng_(981)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Bạch Đằng (981)">Battle of Bạch Đằng (981)</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> invades <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_C%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t" class="mw-redirect" title="Đại Cồ Việt">Đại Cồ Việt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Early_L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Early Lê dynasty">Early Lê dynasty</a>) with initial success but is ambushed and the campaign ends with <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Ho%C3%A0n" title="Lê Hoàn">Lê Hoàn</a> accepting Song suzerainty<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker2012211-212_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker2012211-212-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/982" title="982">982</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Jiqian%27s_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiqian's rebellion">Jiqian's rebellion</a></i>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Jipeng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Jipeng (page does not exist)">Li Jipeng</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dingnan_Jiedushi" title="Dingnan Jiedushi">Dingnan Jiedushi</a> surrenders to the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a>, but his cousin <a href="/wiki/Li_Jiqian" title="Li Jiqian">Li Jiqian</a> rebels<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009252_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009252-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/983" title="983">983</a></td> <td></td> <td>The complete 130,000 block print edition of the <a href="/wiki/Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Tripiṭaka">Tripiṭaka</a> Buddhist Canon, the <a href="/wiki/Kaibao_Canon" title="Kaibao Canon">Kaibao Canon</a> 開寶藏) is finished<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2012910_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2012910-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/984" title="984">984</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qiao_Weiyue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qiao Weiyue (page does not exist)">Qiao Weiyue</a> invents the <a href="/wiki/Pound_lock" class="mw-redirect" title="Pound lock">pound lock</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986c349-351_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986c349-351-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/986" title="986">986</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> attacks the <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitans</a> but is defeated<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett199499_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett199499-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="990s">990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/993" title="993">993</a></td> <td></td> <td>A drought hits <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> and peasant rebellions break out<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009256_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009256-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/994" title="994">994</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Jiqian%27s_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiqian's rebellion">Jiqian's rebellion</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> deposes <a href="/wiki/Li_Jiqian" title="Li Jiqian">Li Jiqian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009252_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009252-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Earliest record of <a href="/wiki/Promissory_note" title="Promissory note">promissory note</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009236_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009236-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/995" title="995">995</a></td> <td></td> <td>Rebellions in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> are suppressed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009257_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009257-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Hanyao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long Hanyao (page does not exist)">Long Hanyao</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a> presents tribute to the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> court<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200739_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerman200739-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/996" title="996">996</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Jiqian%27s_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiqian's rebellion">Jiqian's rebellion</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Jiqian" title="Li Jiqian">Li Jiqian</a> rebels with <a href="/wiki/Tanguts" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanguts">Tanguts</a> and raids <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> supplies<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009252_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009252-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/997" title="997">997</a></td> <td>9 May</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Song" title="Emperor Taizong of Song">Emperor Taizong of Song</a> dies and his son Zhao Heng becomes <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhenzong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Zhenzong of Song">Emperor Zhenzong of Song</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009260_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009260-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/998" title="998">998</a></td> <td></td> <td>Khitans invade the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994105_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994105-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Jiqian%27s_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiqian's rebellion">Jiqian's rebellion</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> legitimizes <a href="/wiki/Li_Jiqian" title="Li Jiqian">Li Jiqian</a> as governor of <a href="/wiki/Dingnan_Jiedushi" title="Dingnan Jiedushi">Dingnan Jiedushi</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009252_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009252-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Hanyao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long Hanyao (page does not exist)">Long Hanyao</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a> presents tribute to the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> court<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200739_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerman200739-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="11th_century">11th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 11th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000s">1000s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1000s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/AD_1000" title="AD 1000">1000</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a> forces retreat from the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> after failing to take key cities<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994105_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994105-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a> rebels attack <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Yongzhou</a> but the attack is defeated by Zhuang troops of the Song-allied Huang clan<sup id="cite_ref-zhuang08_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhuang08-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Tang Fu demonstrates gunpowder pots and caltrops to the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty"> Song</a> court and is rewarded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201632_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201632-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Chinese discover that <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_north" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic north">magnetic north</a> and <a href="/wiki/True_north" title="True north">true north</a> are not the same<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobson200457_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobson200457-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1001" title="1001">1001</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanguts" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanguts">Tanguts</a> capture <a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009353_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009353-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Khitans attack the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> but are repulsed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994105_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994105-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Zhuang rebels calling themselves the Troops of Chen (<i>chenbing</i>) rebel in <a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yizhou</a>. Their leader, Su Chengzhun, is defeated three months later.<sup id="cite_ref-zhuang08_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhuang08-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1002" title="1002">1002</a></td> <td></td> <td>Shi Pu demonstrates fireballs utilizing gunpowder to the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> court and blueprints are created for promulgation throughout the realm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201632_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201632-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1003" title="1003">1003</a></td> <td></td> <td>Khitans invade the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> and retreat without making permanent gains<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994105_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994105-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1004" title="1004">1004</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shengzong_of_Liao" title="Emperor Shengzong of Liao">Emperor Shengzong of Liao</a> conducts a full-scale invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> which ends in stalemate<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994109-110_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994109-110-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>A banquet is held for a <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_people" title="Nùng people">Nong</a> chieftain in Song territory, leading to military retaliation from <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_C%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t" class="mw-redirect" title="Đại Cồ Việt">Đại Cồ Việt</a><sup id="cite_ref-zhuang08_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhuang08-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1005" title="1005">1005</a></td> <td>January</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Chanyuan_Treaty" title="Chanyuan Treaty">Chanyuan Treaty</a></i>: The <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> agrees to pay the Khitans an annual tribute of silk and silver<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMote2003178_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMote2003178-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1009" title="1009">1009</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhenzong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Zhenzong of Song">Emperor Zhenzong of Song</a> introduces quotas on degrees awarded<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009122_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009122-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> modifies the appointment by protection system by requiring candidates to study at the Directorate of Education and sit the examination, which passes at least 50 percent of them<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009124_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009124-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1010s">1010s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1010s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1010" title="1010">1010</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanguts" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanguts">Tanguts</a> request famine relief from the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009272_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009272-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1012" title="1012">1012</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> court sponsors the propagation of the early maturing <a href="/wiki/Champa_rice" title="Champa rice">Champa rice</a>, allowing rice to be harvested twice a year<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009218_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009218-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1014" title="1014">1014</a></td> <td></td> <td>King <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%C3%A1i_T%E1%BB%95" title="Lý Thái Tổ">Lý Thái Tổ</a> of the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a> that ruled <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a> sends 100 <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Dali</a> horses to Song court as gifts<sup id="cite_ref-Songshi_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Songshi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1016" title="1016">1016</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Locusts" class="mw-redirect" title="Locusts">Locusts</a> plague the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> capital of <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009272_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009272-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1017" title="1017">1017</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_C%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t" class="mw-redirect" title="Đại Cồ Việt">Đại Cồ Việt</a> raids the Song dynasty<sup id="cite_ref-zhuang08_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhuang08-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1018" title="1018">1018</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> dikes collapse<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009283_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009283-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1020s">1020s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1020s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1021" title="1021">1021</a></td> <td></td> <td>Agricultural land reaches 13 percent of <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> state territory<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009232_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009232-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1022" title="1022">1022</a></td> <td>23 March</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhenzong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Zhenzong of Song">Emperor Zhenzong of Song</a> dies and his son succeeds him as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Renzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Renzong of Song">Emperor Renzong of Song</a>; <a href="/wiki/Empress_Liu_(Zhenzong)" title="Empress Liu (Zhenzong)">Empress Liu</a> becomes regent<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009279_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009279-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1023" title="1023">1023</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> establishes a Bureau for Exchange Bills in <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a> after craftsmen, artisans, and farmers reject the replacement of the smaller copper coins with heavy iron coins<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009236_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009236-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> starts circulating exchange bills, each worth 1,256,340 strings of cash per 3-year circulation period<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009237_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009237-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1024" title="1024">1024</a></td> <td></td> <td>Earliest known extant <a href="/wiki/Printing_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Printing block">printing block</a> for <a href="/wiki/Paper_money" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper money">paper money</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jiaozi_(currency)" title="Jiaozi (currency)">jiaozi</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986c97_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986c97-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1026" title="1026">1026</a></td> <td></td> <td>Torrential rains damage the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> dikes and cause widespread flooding in the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> capital of <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009283_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009283-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1027" title="1027">1027</a></td> <td></td> <td>Repairs on the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> dikes are finished<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009283_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009283-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1030s">1030s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1030s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1033" title="1033">1033</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Empress_Liu_(Zhenzong)" title="Empress Liu (Zhenzong)">Empress Liu</a>'s regency ends as she dies<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009279_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009279-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Drought hits <a href="/wiki/Northern_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern China">northern China</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009291_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009291-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1034" title="1034">1034</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Li_Yuanhao" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Yuanhao">Li Yuanhao</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tanguts" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanguts">Tanguts</a> raids <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009302_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009302-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1036" title="1036">1036</a></td> <td></td> <td>Unprecedented spread of literati culture throughout society compels the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> court to promulgate sumptuary regulations for citizens of <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009296_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009296-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> civil service doubles in size<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009296_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009296-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>All officials, their sons and grandsons, are relieved from obligations to serve as village officers<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009296_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009296-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_C%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t" class="mw-redirect" title="Đại Cồ Việt">Đại Cồ Việt</a> raids the Song dynasty<sup id="cite_ref-zhuang08_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhuang08-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1037" title="1037">1037</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">Earthquake</a> kills 12,000 people, injures 5,600, and kills or injures 50,000 cattle around <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009298_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009298-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1038" title="1038">1038</a></td> <td>10 November</td> <td>Li Yuanhao declares himself <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jingzong_of_Western_Xia" title="Emperor Jingzong of Western Xia">Emperor Jingzong of Western Xia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009302_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009302-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The Meng clan (<a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang people</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yizhou</a> of <a href="/wiki/Guangnan_West_Circuit" title="Guangnan West Circuit">Guangnan West Circuit</a> rebels and is suppressed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1039" title="1039">1039</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> attacks <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> but is repulsed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009305_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009305-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Famine strikes north China<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009307_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009307-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1040s">1040s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1040s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1040" title="1040">1040</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Song-Xia_War_(1040%E2%80%931044)" class="mw-redirect" title="Song-Xia War (1040–1044)">Song-Xia War (1040–1044)</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009307_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009307-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1041" title="1041">1041</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Song-Xia_War_(1040%E2%80%931044)" class="mw-redirect" title="Song-Xia War (1040–1044)">Song-Xia War (1040–1044)</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> defeats a <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> army and kills 6,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009309_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009309-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Movable_type" title="Movable type">Movable type</a> is invented by <a href="/wiki/Bi_Sheng" title="Bi Sheng">Bi Sheng</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2012911_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2012911-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1042" title="1042">1042</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Song-Xia_War_(1040%E2%80%931044)" class="mw-redirect" title="Song-Xia War (1040–1044)">Song-Xia War (1040–1044)</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> conducts a full-scale invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> but is repelled<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009314_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009314-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Song-Xia_War_(1040%E2%80%931044)" class="mw-redirect" title="Song-Xia War (1040–1044)">Song-Xia War (1040–1044)</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitans</a> force the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> to increase annual tribute to 200,000 taels of silver and 300,000 bolts of silk<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994122_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994122-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> appoints Degai of the Mu'ege Kingdom as regional inspector<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200742_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerman200742-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1043" title="1043">1043</a></td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a> rebel<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Renzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Renzong of Song">Emperor Renzong of Song</a> enacts the <a href="/wiki/Confucian" class="mw-redirect" title="Confucian">Confucian</a> <a href="/wiki/Qingli_Reforms" title="Qingli Reforms">Qingli Reforms</a> and schools are established at prefectures with sufficient number of students<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009318_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009318-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The School of Four Gates opens - it provides students with a 500-day education, stipends, meals, a place in the dormitory, and exemption from the prefectural <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examinations" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial examinations">examinations</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009127_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009127-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1044" title="1044">1044</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Song-Xia_War_(1040%E2%80%931044)" class="mw-redirect" title="Song-Xia War (1040–1044)">Song-Xia War (1040–1044)</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> cease hostilities<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009315_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009315-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Ou Xifan of the Ou clan rebels to the northwest of <a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yizhou</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guangnan_West_Circuit" title="Guangnan West Circuit">Guangnan West Circuit</a>. Ou Xifan declares the Great Tang and wages war on the Song. He is caught a year later and executed by vivisection.<sup id="cite_ref-zhuang08_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhuang08-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Rebellions break out in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The chemical formula for gunpowder appears in the military manual <i><a href="/wiki/Wujing_Zongyao" title="Wujing Zongyao">Wujing Zongyao</a></i>, also known as the <i>Complete Essentials for the Military Classics</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f118-124_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f118-124-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEbrey1999138_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEbrey1999138-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>"Thunderclap bombs" are mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Wujing_Zongyao" title="Wujing Zongyao">Wujing Zongyao</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201641_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201641-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>A "triple-bed-crossbow" firing <a href="/wiki/Fire_arrows" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire arrows">fire arrows</a> is mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Wujing_Zongyao" title="Wujing Zongyao">Wujing Zongyao</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f154_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f154-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Earliest recorded use of the <a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">compass</a> for navigation<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986g254_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986g254-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1046" title="1046">1046</a></td> <td></td> <td>Proportion of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examinations" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial examinations">jinshi</a> degree holders in the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> bureaucracy reach a third of all total bureaucratic positions<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009123_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009123-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1047" title="1047">1047</a></td> <td></td> <td>Drought hits <a href="/wiki/Northern_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern China">northern China</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009325_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009325-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1048" title="1048">1048</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wang_Ze" title="Wang Ze">Wang Ze</a> rebels in <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a> and is suppressed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009325_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009325-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1049" title="1049">1049</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nong_Zhigao" title="Nong Zhigao">Nong Zhigao</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang people</a> rebels in <a href="/wiki/Guangnan_West_Circuit" title="Guangnan West Circuit">Guangnan West Circuit</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Rebellions in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> are suppressed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Iron_Pagoda" title="Iron Pagoda">Iron Pagoda</a> is completed<sup id="cite_ref-ironpag_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ironpag-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1050s">1050s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1050s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1051" title="1051">1051</a></td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao</a> rebellion of <a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a> is suppressed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1053" title="1053">1053</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nong_Zhigao" title="Nong Zhigao">Nong Zhigao</a>'s rebellion is suppressed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1055" title="1055">1055</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peng_Shixi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peng Shixi (page does not exist)">Peng Shixi</a> rebels in <a href="/wiki/Jinghu_Circuit" title="Jinghu Circuit">Jinghu</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1056" title="1056">1056</a></td> <td></td> <td>Heavy rains overload the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>, causing widespread flooding and a major shift in the river's course<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009325_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009325-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1058" title="1058">1058</a></td> <td></td> <td>Rebellion breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peng_Shixi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peng Shixi (page does not exist)">Peng Shixi</a>'s rebellion is suppressed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1059" title="1059">1059</a></td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Luoyang_Bridge_(Quanzhou)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luoyang Bridge (Quanzhou)">Luoyang Bridge (Quanzhou)</a> is completed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp2008214_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnapp2008214-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1060s">1060s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1060s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1061" title="1061">1061</a></td> <td></td> <td>The rebellion in <a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a> is suppressed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1063" title="1063">1063</a></td> <td>30 April</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Renzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Renzong of Song">Emperor Renzong of Song</a> dies and his cousin Zhao Zongshi succeeds him as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yingzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Yingzong of Song">Emperor Yingzong of Song</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009335_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009335-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1064" title="1064">1064</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Yizong_raids" class="mw-redirect" title="Yizong raids">Yizong raids</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> raids <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009343_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009343-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1065" title="1065">1065</a></td> <td>fall</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> experiences massive <a href="/wiki/Floods" class="mw-redirect" title="Floods">floods</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009342_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009342-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1066" title="1066">1066</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Yizong_raids" class="mw-redirect" title="Yizong raids">Yizong raids</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> raids <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009344_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009344-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> court starts holding <a href="/wiki/Jinshi_(imperial_examination)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshi (imperial examination)">jinshi</a> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination" title="Imperial examination">examinations</a> triennially, a decision that would endure until 1905<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009345_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009345-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1067" title="1067">1067</a></td> <td>25 January</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yingzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Yingzong of Song">Emperor Yingzong of Song</a> dies and his son Zhao Xu succeeds him as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shenzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Shenzong of Song">Emperor Shenzong of Song</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009346_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009346-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Private trade of gunpowder ingredients is banned in the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelly20044_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly20044-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1068" title="1068">1068</a></td> <td></td> <td>Enrollment in the School of Four Gates reaches 900<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009127_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009127-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huang_Huaixin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huang Huaixin (page does not exist)">Huang Huaixin</a> starts planning the construction of <a href="/wiki/Dry_docks" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry docks">dry docks</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986c660_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986c660-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1070s">1070s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1070s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1070" title="1070">1070</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> attacks the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009469_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009469-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> court carries out water-control and land reclamation projects which reclaim 38,829,799 acres of agricultural land<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009393_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009393-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Annual copper production in the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> reaches 12,982 tons, more than the total global production in 1800<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009231_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009231-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The first <a href="/wiki/Jinshi_(imperial_examination)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshi (imperial examination)">jinshi</a> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examinations" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial examinations">imperial examinations</a> to emphasize <a href="/wiki/Power_in_international_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Power in international relations">statecraft</a> over <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a> are held<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009586_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009586-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1072" title="1072">1072</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> starts colonizing the <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a> region, taking control of <a href="/wiki/Lintao" class="mw-redirect" title="Lintao">Wushengjun</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009468_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009468-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1075" title="1075">1075</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD%E2%80%93Song_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Lý–Song War">Lý–Song War</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Ki%E1%BB%87t" title="Lý Thường Kiệt">Lý Thường Kiệt</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%B9ng_T%C3%B4ng_%C4%90%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nùng Tông Đán (page does not exist)">Nùng Tông Đán</a> of the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a> that ruled <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a> invade the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, capturing <a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hepu_County" title="Hepu County">Lianzhou</a>, and destroying <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Yongzhou</a> before retreating<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009468_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009468-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor201381_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor201381-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shen_Kuo" title="Shen Kuo">Shen Kuo</a> describes the process of making steel using repeated forging under a cold blast for "partial decarbonization", considered by some historians to be a direct predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/Bessemer_process" title="Bessemer process">Bessemer process</a><sup id="cite_ref-hartwell_54_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hartwell_54-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1076" title="1076">1076</a></td> <td>autumn</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD%E2%80%93Song_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Lý–Song War">Lý–Song War</a></i>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guo_Kui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guo Kui (page does not exist)">Guo Kui</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> invades <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a> (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a>) and pushes to the <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7u_River" title="Cầu River">Cầu River</a>, where the war reaches a stalemate<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor201382_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor201382-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Trade of gunpowder ingredients with the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> dynasties is outlawed by the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> court<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201632_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201632-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1077" title="1077">1077</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD%E2%80%93Song_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Lý–Song War">Lý–Song War</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a> (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a>) becomes a <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> tributary in return for the withdraw of Song troops<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009468_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009468-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor201384_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor201384-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1078" title="1078">1078</a></td> <td></td> <td>Annual iron production in the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> reaches 125,000 tons and becomes the largest <a href="/wiki/Iron_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron industry">iron industry</a> in the world, an achievement that lasts until 1796 during the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial revolution">industrial revolution</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReilly2012145_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReilly2012145-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJin2016132_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJin2016132-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> per capita iron production reaches 3.1 pound, the world's highest per capita iron production until 1700 in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJin2016132_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJin2016132-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1079" title="1079">1079</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD%E2%80%93Song_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Lý–Song War">Lý–Song War</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> gives up claims to <a href="/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Cao Bằng Province">Cao Bằng</a> and <a href="/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1ng_S%C6%A1n_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Lạng Sơn Province">Lạng Sơn</a> in return for Song captives<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor201384_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor201384-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1080s">1080s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1080s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1080" title="1080">1080</a></td> <td></td> <td>Number of qualified officials reach 34,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009391_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009391-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Mints in the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> reach annual production of 5,000,000 strings of copper cash and 800,000 strings of iron coins<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009233_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009233-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The Price ratio of iron to rice falls to 177:100 in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> and 135:100 in <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobson200452_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobson200452-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1081" title="1081">1081</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Song-Xia_War_(1081%E2%80%931085)" class="mw-redirect" title="Song-Xia War (1081–1085)">Song-Xia War (1081–1085)</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> with initial success, but the odd failure to bring siege weapons and extreme supply problems cause widespread mutiny and the invasion turns into a massive rout<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009477_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009477-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1083" title="1083">1083</a></td> <td></td> <td>Three hundred thousand <a href="/wiki/Fire_arrow" title="Fire arrow">fire arrows</a> are produced by the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> court and delivered to two garrisons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201632_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201632-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1085" title="1085">1085</a></td> <td>1 April</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shenzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Shenzong of Song">Emperor Shenzong of Song</a> dies and his son Zhao Xu succeeds him as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhezong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Zhezong of Song">Emperor Zhezong of Song</a>; <a href="/wiki/Empress_Gao_(Song_dynasty)" title="Empress Gao (Song dynasty)">Empress Gao</a> becomes regent<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009480_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009480-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Drought hits the <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> region<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009499_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009499-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Annual grain harvest reaches 18,700,000 tons<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009217_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009217-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1086" title="1086">1086</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Su_Song" title="Su Song">Su Song</a> invents the <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_clock" title="Astronomical clock">astronomical clock</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJin2016136_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJin2016136-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1088" title="1088">1088</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> and the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý</a> of <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a> finalize their border agreement, which with minor changes throughout the centuries, is basically the same as the modern <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vietnam_border" title="China–Vietnam border">China–Vietnam border</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor201385_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor201385-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1089" title="1089">1089</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> conclude a peace treaty<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009507_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009507-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1090s">1090s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 1090s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1092" title="1092">1092</a></td> <td></td> <td>Earliest known extant depiction of an endless power-transmitting <a href="/wiki/Chain_drive" title="Chain drive">chain drive</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986b111_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986b111-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1093" title="1093">1093</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Empress_Gao_(Song_dynasty)" title="Empress Gao (Song dynasty)">Emperess Gao</a>'s regency ends as she dies<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009531_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009531-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1097" title="1097">1097</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Advance_and_fortify" class="mw-redirect" title="Advance and fortify">Advance and fortify</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> conducts an advance and fortify campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009550_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009550-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1098" title="1098">1098</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Advance_and_fortify" class="mw-redirect" title="Advance and fortify">Advance and fortify</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> retaliates against <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> incursions but fails to defeat Song fortifications<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009551_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009551-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1099" title="1099">1099</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Advance_and_fortify" class="mw-redirect" title="Advance and fortify">Advance and fortify</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> sues for peace<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009551_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009551-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="12th_century">12th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 12th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1100s">1100s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 1100s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1100" title="1100">1100</a></td> <td>23 February</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhezong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Zhezong of Song">Emperor Zhezong of Song</a> dies and his brother Zhao Ji succeeds him as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huizong_of_Song" title="Emperor Huizong of Song">Emperor Huizong of Song</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009553_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009553-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Total population employed in the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> bureaucracy reaches 0.02 percent<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009125_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009125-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">Coke (fuel)</a> replaces <a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">charcoal</a> in iron smelting<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPacey19917_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPacey19917-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1102" title="1102">1102</a></td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> court mandates the construction of Security and Relief clinics in every prefecture<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009597_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009597-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cai_Jing" title="Cai Jing">Cai Jing</a> suggests that the best graduates of the <a href="/wiki/Taixue" title="Taixue">Taixue</a> should be selected for appointment without having to take the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examinations" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial examinations">imperial examinations</a> and that the examinations themselves should be replaced by a reformed education system; his ideas are ultimately rejected<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009127_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009127-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1103" title="1103">1103</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Song_occupation_of_Tsongkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Song occupation of Tsongkha">Song occupation of Tsongkha</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Tsongkha" title="Tsongkha">Tsongkha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009614_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009614-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Public pharmacies are extended from <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> to the circuits<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009597_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009597-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Earliest recorded references to <a href="/wiki/Foot_binding" title="Foot binding">foot binding</a><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ebrey_1_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ebrey_1-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1104" title="1104">1104</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Song_occupation_of_Tsongkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Song occupation of Tsongkha">Song occupation of Tsongkha</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> annexes <a href="/wiki/Tsongkha" title="Tsongkha">Tsongkha</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994196_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994196-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> court mandates public cemeteries for the destitute<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009599_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009599-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Taixue" title="Taixue">Taixue</a> allows enrollment from poor families for an admission fee of 2,000 cash, roughly 4 months of income for a low wage farmer, or 15 percent of monthly salary for a low official<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009128_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009128-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1105" title="1105">1105</a></td> <td></td> <td>Reports of embezzlement relating to the public welfare initiatives start rolling in<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009598_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009598-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1106" title="1106">1106</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Song_occupation_of_Tsongkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Song occupation of Tsongkha">Song occupation of Tsongkha</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> end hostilities and the war ends inconclusively<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009614_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009614-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Graduates of the prefectural <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination" title="Imperial examination">examinations</a> are reduced to 3% of candidates<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009122_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009122-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1107" title="1107">1107</a></td> <td></td> <td>Song dynasty starts issuing a new note called a 'money voucher' (<i>qianyin</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsien198597_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETsien198597-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> mandates the superiority of the <a href="/wiki/Taoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist">Taoist</a> clergy in rank and honors to their <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> counterparts<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009610_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009610-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1108" title="1108">1108</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> sets an annual recruitment quota of 70 <a href="/wiki/Taoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist">Taoist</a> priests for the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examinations" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial examinations">imperial examinations</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009610_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009610-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1110s">1110s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 1110s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1110" title="1110">1110</a></td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> army puts on a firework display for the emperor including a spectacle which opened with "a noise like thunder" and explosives that light up the night. Considered by some to be the first mention of gunpowder fireworks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKelly20042_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKelly20042-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1111" title="1111">1111</a></td> <td></td> <td>Earliest recorded use of the <a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">compass</a> for maritime navigation<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986g279_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986g279-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1113" title="1113">1113</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Song-Xia_War_(1113%E2%80%931119)" class="mw-redirect" title="Song-Xia War (1113–1119)">Song-Xia War (1113–1119)</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009614_99-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009614-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1114" title="1114">1114</a></td> <td></td> <td>The Palace of Extended Blessings (<i>Yanfu Gong</i>), a park-like compound extending the palace precincts to the north, is constructed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009603_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009603-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1115" title="1115">1115</a></td> <td>28 January</td> <td>Wanyan Aguda declares himself <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizu_of_Jin" title="Emperor Taizu of Jin">Emperor Taizu of Jin</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009628_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009628-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1119" title="1119">1119</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Song-Xia_War_(1113%E2%80%931119)" class="mw-redirect" title="Song-Xia War (1113–1119)">Song-Xia War (1113–1119)</a></i>: The war between <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a> ends inconclusively<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009614_99-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009614-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_Jiang" title="Song Jiang">Song Jiang</a> rebels in <a href="/wiki/Jingdong_Circuit" title="Jingdong Circuit">Jingdong Circuit</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009626_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009626-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1120s">1120s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 1120s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1120" title="1120">1120</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fang_La" title="Fang La">Fang La</a> rebels in <a href="/wiki/Liangzhe_Circuit" title="Liangzhe Circuit">Liangzhe Circuit</a> and is suppressed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009605_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009605-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> court announces cutbacks to public welfare<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009599_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009599-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1121" title="1121">1121</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_Jiang" title="Song Jiang">Song Jiang</a>'s rebellion in <a href="/wiki/Jingdong_Circuit" title="Jingdong Circuit">Jingdong Circuit</a> is suppressed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009627_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009627-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1123" title="1123">1123</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> attacks the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> but is repelled<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994149_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994149-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Zhang Jue rebels in <a href="/wiki/Lulong_County" title="Lulong County">Ping Prefecture</a> and defects to the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> but the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> immediately retaliates and crushes his army; Zhang Jue is executed by the Song as reconciliation towards the Jin<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994227_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994227-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1125" title="1125">1125</a></td> <td>26 March</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tianzuo_of_Liao" title="Emperor Tianzuo of Liao">Emperor Tianzuo of Liao</a> is captured by the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a>; so ends the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994151_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994151-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>November</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> invades the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> and occupies <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994227_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994227-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1126" title="1126">1126</a></td> <td>18 January</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huizong_of_Song" title="Emperor Huizong of Song">Emperor Huizong of Song</a> abdicates to his son Zhao Huan, who succeeds him as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Qinzong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Qinzong of Song">Emperor Qinzong of Song</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009637_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009637-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 January</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Jingkang_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingkang Incident">Jingkang Incident</a></i>: Thunderclap bomb as well as <a href="/wiki/Fire_arrow" title="Fire arrow">fire arrows</a> and fire bombs are used by <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> troops during the siege of <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty (1115–1234)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201634_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201634-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 March</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> army retreats from <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> promises to pay an annual indemnity<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELorge200553_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELorge200553-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> defeats two <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> armies<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELorge200553_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELorge200553-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>December</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> army returns with <a href="/wiki/Fire_arrow" title="Fire arrow">fire arrows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> bombs and lays siege to <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELorge200553_121-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELorge200553-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201634-35_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201634-35-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1127" title="1127">1127</a></td> <td>12 June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Qinzong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Qinzong of Song">Emperor Qinzong of Song</a>'s brother Zhao Gou is declared <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozong_of_Song" title="Emperor Gaozong of Song">Emperor Gaozong of Song</a> and the capital is moved to <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Lin'an</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009643_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009643-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>December</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Jingkang_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingkang Incident">Jingkang Incident</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> falls to the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> and emperors <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Qinzong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Qinzong of Song">Qinzong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huizong_of_Song" title="Emperor Huizong of Song">Huizong</a> are captured; territory north of the <a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a> is annexed by the Jin<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994229_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994229-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - earliest recorded use of "molten metal bombs", suspected to contain <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201634-35_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201634-35-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1128" title="1128">1128</a></td> <td></td> <td>The earliest extant depiction of a <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannon</a> appears among the <a href="/wiki/Dazu_Rock_Carvings" title="Dazu Rock Carvings">Dazu Rock Carvings</a>, one of which is a human figure holding a gourd shaped <a href="/wiki/Hand_cannon" title="Hand cannon">hand cannon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELu1988_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELu1988-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1129" title="1129">1129</a></td> <td></td> <td>Former <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> official Liu Yu is enthroned as emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> puppet state of Qi<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994230_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994230-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Gunpowder weapons are applied to naval warfare as <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> warships are outfitted with trebuchets and supplies of gunpowder bombs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201638_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201638-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1130s">1130s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 1130s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1130" title="1130">1130</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Huangtiandang" title="Battle of Huangtiandang">Battle of Huangtiandang</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> forces are ambushed and stopped at the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> for some time before making the crossing<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009655_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009655-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhong_Xiang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhong Xiang (page does not exist)">Zhong Xiang</a> rebels in <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009665_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009665-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1131" title="1131">1131</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> but is repelled, in particular by a <a href="/wiki/Volley_fire" title="Volley fire">volley fire</a> tactic implemented by general Wu Jie (吳玠) and his younger brother Wu Lin (吳璘)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016153-154_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016153-154-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Li Cheng rebels in <a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a> and is suppressed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009666_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009666-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> establishes <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>'s first standing navy<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986c476_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986c476-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1132" title="1132">1132</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_De%27an" title="Siege of De'an">Siege of De'an</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Fire_lance" title="Fire lance">Fire lances</a> are used by <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> troops to repel <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> invaders<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f222_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f222-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase200331_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase200331-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELorge200833-34_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELorge200833-34-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Gunpowder is referred to specifically for its military applications for the first time and is known as "fire bomb medicine" rather than "fire medicine".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201638_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201638-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Firecrackers using gunpowder are mentioned for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201640_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201640-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1133" title="1133">1133</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> puppet state Qi invades <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> but is repelled by <a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei" title="Yue Fei">Yue Fei</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009674_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009674-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Ayong of the Mu'ege Kingdom leads a large trade delegation of several thousand to the Song city of <a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200743_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerman200743-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1135" title="1135">1135</a></td> <td>4 June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huizong_of_Song" title="Emperor Huizong of Song">Emperor Huizong of Song</a> dies<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009643_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009643-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> puppet state Qi captures <a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994232_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994232-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei" title="Yue Fei">Yue Fei</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> retaliates and recaptures much of the lost territory<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994232_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994232-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The rebellion in <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> is suppressed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009665_129-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009665-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1136" title="1136">1136</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> puppet state Qi invades the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> but is repelled<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009676_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009676-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1140s">1140s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 1140s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1140" title="1140">1140</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009682_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009682-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yancheng" title="Battle of Yancheng">Battle of Yancheng</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei" title="Yue Fei">Yue Fei</a> launches a successful attack against the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> and makes considerable territorial gains, but is forced to withdraw by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozong_of_Song" title="Emperor Gaozong of Song">Emperor Gaozong of Song</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMote2003303_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMote2003303-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1141" title="1141">1141</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei" title="Yue Fei">Yue Fei</a> is arrested<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009684_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009684-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1142" title="1142">1142</a></td> <td>27 January</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei" title="Yue Fei">Yue Fei</a> is executed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009686_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009686-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>October</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> agree to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shaoxing" title="Treaty of Shaoxing">Treaty of Shaoxing</a> which stipulates that the Song must pay Jin an annual indemnity; the <a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a> is settled as the boundary between the two states<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckwith2009175_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckwith2009175-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMote2003303_141-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMote2003303-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1143" title="1143">1143</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> monks in the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> surge to 200,000 and become the largest class of land owners<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009700_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009700-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1145" title="1145">1145</a></td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dongguan_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dongguan Bridge (page does not exist)">Dongguan Bridge</a> is constructed in <a href="/wiki/Yongchun_County" title="Yongchun County">Yongchun County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujian_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujian Province">Fujian Province</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp2008244_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnapp2008244-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1150s">1150s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 1150s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1150" title="1150">1150</a></td> <td></td> <td>Annual registration for prefectural <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination" title="Imperial examination">examinations</a> reaches 100,000 applicants<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009122_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009122-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1151" title="1151">1151</a></td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Anping_Bridge" title="Anping Bridge">Anping Bridge</a> is completed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp2008215_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnapp2008215-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1160s">1160s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 1160s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1160" title="1160">1160</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> starts issuing <a href="/wiki/Huizi_(currency)" title="Huizi (currency)">huizi</a>, their official paper currency<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009749_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009749-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1161" title="1161">1161</a></td> <td>14 June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Qinzong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Qinzong of Song">Emperor Qinzong of Song</a> dies<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009643_123-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009643-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 October</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009706_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009706-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 November</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tangdao" title="Battle of Tangdao">Battle of Tangdao</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Fire_arrow" title="Fire arrow">Fire arrows</a> are employed by a <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> fleet in sinking a <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> fleet off the shore of <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201639_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201639-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26–27 November</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caishi" title="Battle of Caishi">Battle of Caishi</a></i>: Thunderclap bombs are employed by <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> treadmill boats in sinking a <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> fleet on the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201639_150-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201639-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1162" title="1162">1162</a></td> <td>24 July</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozong_of_Song" title="Emperor Gaozong of Song">Emperor Gaozong of Song</a> abdicates to his adopted son Zhao Bocong who becomes <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaozong_of_Song" title="Emperor Xiaozong of Song">Emperor Xiaozong of Song</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009708_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009708-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Copper production in the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> suffers a complete breakdown and falls to 157 tons per year<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009231_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009231-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1163" title="1163">1163</a></td> <td>summer</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> but is defeated<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009717_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009717-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fire_lance" title="Fire lance">Fire lances</a> are attached to war carts, known as "at-your-desire-war-carts", for defending <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> mobile trebuchets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201638_127-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201638-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1165" title="1165">1165</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> conclude a peace treaty reducing Song tribute and returning borders to the <a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994244_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994244-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1167" title="1167">1167</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> releases 2 million taels to exchange for <a href="/wiki/Huizi_(currency)" title="Huizi (currency)">huizi</a> and destroy them in order to correct overissue<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009749_148-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009749-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1170s">1170s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: 1170s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>1170</td> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> stations officers at the <a href="/wiki/Penghu_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Penghu Islands">Penghu Islands</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERubinstein199986_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinstein199986-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1171</td> <td></td> <td>Chinese fishermen settle on the <a href="/wiki/Penghu_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Penghu Islands">Penghu Islands</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp19806_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnapp19806-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1175" title="1175">1175</a></td> <td></td> <td>More <a href="/wiki/Huizi_(currency)" title="Huizi (currency)">huizi</a> are issued to meet demand<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009749_148-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009749-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1180s">1180s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: 1180s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1181" title="1181">1181</a></td> <td></td> <td>Earliest extant printed maps with a date of publication are printed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChia2011241_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChia2011241-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1187" title="1187">1187</a></td> <td>9 November</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozong_of_Song" title="Emperor Gaozong of Song">Emperor Gaozong of Song</a> dies<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009752_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009752-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1188" title="1188">1188</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaozong_of_Song" title="Emperor Xiaozong of Song">Emperor Xiaozong of Song</a> creates a new office called the Policy Deliberation Hall (Yishi tang) to train his son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Guangzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Guangzong of Song">Zhao Dun</a> for his eventual accession<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009753_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009753-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1189" title="1189">1189</a></td> <td>18 February</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaozong_of_Song" title="Emperor Xiaozong of Song">Emperor Xiaozong of Song</a> abdicates to his son Zhao Dun, who becomes <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Guangzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Guangzong of Song">Emperor Guangzong of Song</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009754_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009754-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1190s">1190s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 1190s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1190" title="1190">1190</a></td> <td></td> <td>Casual references to <a href="/wiki/Foot_binding" title="Foot binding">foot binding</a> become more common; foot binding is no longer associated with dancing nor is the practice confined to entertainers<sup id="cite_ref-ebrey_1_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ebrey_1-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1191" title="1191">1191</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Guangzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Guangzong of Song">Emperor Guangzong of Song</a> withdraws from the court<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009760_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009760-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1194" title="1194">1194</a></td> <td>28 June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaozong_of_Song" title="Emperor Xiaozong of Song">Emperor Xiaozong of Song</a> dies<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009768_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009768-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 July</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Guangzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Guangzong of Song">Emperor Guangzong of Song</a> is forced to abdicate and his son Zhao Kuo succeeds him as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ningzong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Ningzong of Song">Emperor Ningzong of Song</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009772-773_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009772-773-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1195" title="1195">1195</a></td> <td></td> <td>Rebellion breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Earliest known extant depiction of a <a href="/wiki/Fishing_reel" title="Fishing reel">fishing reel</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986b103_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986b103-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1198" title="1198">1198</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> court bans <a href="/wiki/Neo-Confucianism" title="Neo-Confucianism">Neo-Confucianism</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009787_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009787-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="13th_century">13th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: 13th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1200s">1200s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: 1200s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1200" title="1200">1200</a></td> <td>17 September</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Guangzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Guangzong of Song">Emperor Guangzong of Song</a> dies<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009786_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009786-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1202" title="1202">1202</a></td> <td></td> <td>Ban on <a href="/wiki/Neo-Confucianism" title="Neo-Confucianism">Neo-Confucianism</a> ends<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009790_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009790-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1204" title="1204">1204</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> forces start showing military aggression along the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> border<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994247_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994247-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1206" title="1206">1206</a></td> <td>spring</td> <td>Kokochu, also known as Teb Tengri, chief shaman of the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>, bestows upon Temüjin the title of <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>, "Oceanic Ruler" of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Kurultai" title="Kurultai">kurultai</a> of <a href="/wiki/Burkhan_Khaldun" title="Burkhan Khaldun">Burkhan Khaldun</a>, sacred mountain of the Mongols<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994343_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994343-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> declares war on <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994247_168-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994247-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>December</td> <td>The governor-general of <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, Wu Xi, defects to the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994248_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994248-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1207" title="1207">1207</a></td> <td>29 March</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> loyalists kill Wu Xi<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994248_170-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994248-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Thunderclap bombs are employed by <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> forces in a sneak attack on a <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> camp, killing 2000 men and 800 horses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201641_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201641-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>April</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> enter a stalemate<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994248_170-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994248-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1208" title="1208">1208</a></td> <td>2 November</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> agree to a peace renewing the Song's tributary relationship with the Jin<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994249_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994249-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao people</a> rebel in <a href="/wiki/Jinghu_Circuit" title="Jinghu Circuit">Jinghu</a> and are suppressed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009831_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009831-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Rebellion breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833_163-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Massive fires erupt in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Lin'an</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Drought and locusts hits <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1209" title="1209">1209</a></td> <td></td> <td>Locusts plague <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1210s">1210s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: 1210s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1210" title="1210">1210</a></td> <td></td> <td>Rebellion breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Jinghu_Circuit" title="Jinghu Circuit">Jinghu</a> and is suppressed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009831_172-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009831-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Earliest known depiction of a <a href="/wiki/Trip_hammer" title="Trip hammer">trip hammer</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986b50_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986b50-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Floodwaters and locusts hit <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1211" title="1211">1211</a></td> <td></td> <td>Massive fires erupt in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Lin'an</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Rebellion breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833_163-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1212" title="1212">1212</a></td> <td></td> <td>Floodwaters hit <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1213" title="1213">1213</a></td> <td></td> <td>Rebellion breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833_163-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Floodwaters hit <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1214" title="1214">1214</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> raids <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009822_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009822-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Drought hits <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1215" title="1215">1215</a></td> <td></td> <td>Drought and locusts hit <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1216" title="1216">1216</a></td> <td></td> <td>Earthquakes hit <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1217" title="1217">1217</a></td> <td>spring</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> but is repelled<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994259_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994259-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Rebellion breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833_163-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Floodwaters hit <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1219" title="1219">1219</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> but is repelled<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009827_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009827-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Rebellion breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> and is suppressed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009832_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009832-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1220s">1220s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: 1220s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1220" title="1220">1220</a></td> <td></td> <td>Rebellion breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833_163-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Massive fires erupt in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Lin'an</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1221" title="1221">1221</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> but is repelled<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009829_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009829-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Iron casing bombs are employed by <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> troops in the siege of <a href="/wiki/Qi_Prefecture_(Hubei)" title="Qi Prefecture (Hubei)">Qi Prefecture (Hubei)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201642_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201642-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1224" title="1224">1224</a></td> <td>17 September</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ningzong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Ningzong of Song">Emperor Ningzong of Song</a> dies and his adopted son Zhao Yun succeeds him as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Lizong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Lizong of Song">Emperor Lizong of Song</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009836_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009836-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> cease hostilities<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994261_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994261-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1225" title="1225">1225</a></td> <td></td> <td>Rebels in <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> invade the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> and are repelled<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009849_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009849-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1227" title="1227">1227</a></td> <td>September</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Mozhu_of_Western_Xia" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Mozhu of Western Xia">Emperor Mozhu of Western Xia</a> surrenders to the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> and is promptly executed; so ends the <a href="/wiki/Western_Xia" title="Western Xia">Western Xia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994213_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994213-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1229" title="1229">1229</a></td> <td></td> <td>New Vietnamese monarch, <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C3%A1i_T%C3%B4ng" title="Trần Thái Tông">Trần Thái Tông</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Trần dynasty">Trần dynasty</a>, sends a diplomatic mission to Song China<sup id="cite_ref-Songshi_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Songshi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1230s">1230s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: 1230s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1230" title="1230">1230</a></td> <td></td> <td>Co-viative projectiles are added to <a href="/wiki/Fire_lance" title="Fire lance">fire lances</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f230_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f230-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1231" title="1231">1231</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> patrols kill a <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> envoy and in retaliation the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> raid <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009852_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009852-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Massive fires erupt in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Lin'an</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1233" title="1233">1233</a></td> <td>summer</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009856_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009856-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1234" title="1234">1234</a></td> <td>9 February</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Caizhou" title="Siege of Caizhou">Siege of Caizhou</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Aizong_of_Jin" title="Emperor Aizong of Jin">Emperor Aizong of Jin</a> abdicates to a distant relative, Hudun, who becomes <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Mo_of_Jin" title="Emperor Mo of Jin">Emperor Mo of Jin</a>, and commits suicide; Emperor Mo of Jin is killed by the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>; so ends the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994264_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994264-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> annihilate the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> army at <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett200982_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett200982-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1235" title="1235">1235</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> raid the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009864_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009864-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Massive fires erupt in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Lin'an</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906_187-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1236" title="1236">1236</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> rout <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> forces in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009864_191-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009864-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1237" title="1237">1237</a></td> <td></td> <td>Large bombs requiring several hundred men to hurl using trebuchets are employed by <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> in the siege of Anfeng (modern <a href="/wiki/Shouxian" class="mw-redirect" title="Shouxian">Shouxian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Anhui Province">Anhui Province</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201647_192-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201647-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Massive fires erupt in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Lin'an</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906_187-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1238" title="1238">1238</a></td> <td></td> <td>Counterattacks by <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> forces force <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> to withdraw<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009865_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009865-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1240s">1240s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: 1240s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1240" title="1240">1240</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foot_binding" title="Foot binding">Foot binding</a> spreads to daughters and wives of officials<sup id="cite_ref-ebrey_1_102-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ebrey_1-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1242" title="1242">1242</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> raid <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009867_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009867-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1243" title="1243">1243</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> raid <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009867_194-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009867-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1244" title="1244">1244</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> raid <a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009867_194-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009867-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1245" title="1245">1245</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> occupy <a href="/wiki/Shou_County" title="Shou County">Shou Prefecture</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994383_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994383-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">Rockets</a> are used during a military exercise conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> navy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f511_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f511-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1246" title="1246">1246</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> raid <a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009867_194-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009867-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1247" title="1247">1247</a></td> <td></td> <td>Issues of <a href="/wiki/Huizi_(currency)" title="Huizi (currency)">huizi</a> to subsidize rising expenditures and declining revenues reach a value of 650,000,000 strings of cash, an increase by a factor of 25 over half a century<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009908_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009908-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009241_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009241-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qin_Jiushao" title="Qin Jiushao">Qin Jiushao</a> discovers <a href="/wiki/Horner%27s_method" title="Horner's method">Horner's method</a> and introduces the <a href="/wiki/Zero" class="mw-redirect" title="Zero">zero</a> symbol into <a href="/wiki/Chinese_mathematics" title="Chinese mathematics">Chinese mathematics</a><sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1250s">1250s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: 1250s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1250" title="1250">1250</a></td> <td></td> <td>Annual registration for prefectural <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination" title="Imperial examination">examinations</a> reaches 400,000 candidates<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009122_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009122-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1252" title="1252">1252</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> forces under the Chinese general <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Dechen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Dechen (page does not exist)">Wang Dechen</a> advance into <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> and occupy <a href="/wiki/Langzhong" title="Langzhong">Li Prefecture</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994405_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994405-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Massive fires erupt in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Lin'an</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906_187-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1253" title="1253">1253</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> forces occupy <a href="/wiki/Lizhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lizhou District">Li Prefecture</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994410_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994410-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1254" title="1254">1254</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> raids on the northern <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> border intensify<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994409_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994409-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1256" title="1256">1256</a></td> <td>summer</td> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan" title="Möngke Khan">Möngke Khan</a> declares war on the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, citing imprisonment of Mongol envoys as casus belli<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994409_203-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994409-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Bazi_Bridge" title="Bazi Bridge">Bazi Bridge</a> is completed in <a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp2008176_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnapp2008176-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1257" title="1257">1257</a></td> <td></td> <td>Three hundred thirty-three "fire emitting tubes" are produced in a <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> arsenal in Jiankang Prefecture (<a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201651_205-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201651-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPartington1960246_206-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPartington1960246-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Massive fires erupt in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Lin'an</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906_187-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1258" title="1258">1258</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> capture <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009869_207-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009869-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1259" title="1259">1259</a></td> <td>January</td> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan" title="Möngke Khan">Möngke Khan</a>'s forces take <a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya Prefecture</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994410_202-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994410-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>February</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Diaoyu_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Diaoyu Castle">Siege of Diaoyu Castle</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan" title="Möngke Khan">Möngke Khan</a>'s forces lay siege to <a href="/wiki/Diaoyu_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaoyu Fortress">Diaoyu Fortress</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009870_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009870-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>July</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Diaoyu_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Diaoyu Castle">Siege of Diaoyu Castle</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan" title="Möngke Khan">Möngke Khan</a> calls off the siege of <a href="/wiki/Diaoyu_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaoyu Fortress">Diaoyu Fortress</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009410_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009410-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>August</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taghachar" title="Taghachar">Taghachar</a> attacks <a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994410_202-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994410-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 August</td> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan" title="Möngke Khan">Möngke Khan</a> dies from <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a> or a wound inflicted by a <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> trebuchet, forcing Mongol forces to withdraw from Song territory<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994411_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994411-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>September</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>'s forces cross the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> and lays siege to <a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a>, however he receives news of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan" title="Möngke Khan">Möngke Khan</a>'s death and <a href="/wiki/Ariq_B%C3%B6ke" title="Ariq Böke">Ariq Böke</a>'s mobilization, forcing hm to withdraw and deal with his brother<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994422-423_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994422-423-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Song_(Yuan_dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Song (Yuan dynasty)">History of Song</a></i> describes a "fire-emitting lance" employing a pellet wad projectile which occludes the barrel. Some consider this to be the first bullet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201651_205-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201651-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPartington1960246_206-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPartington1960246-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The city of <a href="/wiki/Qingzhou,_Guangdong" title="Qingzhou, Guangdong">Qingzhou</a> produces one to two thousand iron cased bomb shells a month and sends them in deliveries of ten to twenty thousand at a time to <a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a> and Yingzhou.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f173-174_212-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f173-174-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Floodwaters hit <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906_187-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1260s">1260s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: 1260s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1260" title="1260">1260</a></td> <td>5 May</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> convenes a <a href="/wiki/Kurultai" title="Kurultai">kurultai</a> at <a href="/wiki/Shangdu" title="Shangdu">Kaiping</a>, which elects him as ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>; so ends the centralized Mongol Empire<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994423_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994423-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>'s envoy <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hao_Jing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hao Jing (page does not exist)">Hao Jing</a> proposes that the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> acknowledge Kublai as <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Heaven" title="Son of Heaven">Son of Heaven</a> in return for autonomy and gets jailed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994431_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994431-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1261" title="1261">1261</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> sends funds to Li Tan of <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> to make war on the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994426_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994426-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1262" title="1262">1262</a></td> <td>22 February</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a>-allied warlord of <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>, Li Tan, defects to the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994257_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994257-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>August</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>'s Chinese generals <a href="/wiki/Shi_Tianze" title="Shi Tianze">Shi Tianze</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shi_Chu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shi Chu (page does not exist)">Shi Chu</a> crush Li Tan's forces and capture him; Li Tan is trampled to death by horses<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994426_215-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994426-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1263" title="1263">1263</a></td> <td></td> <td>Massive fires erupt in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Lin'an</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906_187-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1264" title="1264">1264</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Lizong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Lizong of Song">Emperor Lizong of Song</a> dies and his nephew Zhao Qi succeeds him as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Duzong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Duzong of Song">Emperor Duzong of Song</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009912_217-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009912-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Massive fires erupt in <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Lin'an</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906_187-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>A display of miniature <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">rockets</a> frightens the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> empress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f509_218-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f509-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>The value of <a href="/wiki/Huizi_(currency)" title="Huizi (currency)">huizi</a> collapses<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009241_198-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009241-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1265" title="1265">1265</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> forces clash in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994431_214-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994431-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1268" title="1268">1268</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Xiangyang" title="Battle of Xiangyang">Battle of Xiangyang</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Aju" title="Aju">Aju</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> lays siege to <a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009922_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009922-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1270s">1270s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: 1270s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:6%">Year</th> <th style="width:10%">Date</th> <th>Event </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1271" title="1271">1271</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> declares himself emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994458_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994458-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Chinese people start visiting Taiwan<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2008f_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2008f-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1272" title="1272">1272</a></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Xiangyang" title="Battle of Xiangyang">Battle of Xiangyang</a></i>: Riverine relief forces use <a href="/wiki/Fire_lances" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire lances">fire lances</a> to repel boarders and break the <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> blockade of <a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f227_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f227-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1273" title="1273">1273</a></td> <td>March</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Xiangyang" title="Battle of Xiangyang">Battle of Xiangyang</a></i>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%BC_Wenhuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lü Wenhuan (page does not exist)">Lü Wenhuan</a> surrenders <a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a> to Yuan<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009923_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009923-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1274" title="1274">1274</a></td> <td>12 August</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Duzong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Duzong of Song">Emperor Duzong of Song</a> dies and his son Zhao Xian succeeds him as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gong_of_Song" title="Emperor Gong of Song">Emperor Gong of Song</a>; <a href="/wiki/Xie_Daoqing" title="Xie Daoqing">Xie Daoqing</a> becomes regent<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009928_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009928-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1275" title="1275">1275</a></td> <td>January</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bayan_of_the_Baarin" title="Bayan of the Baarin">Bayan</a>'s forces cross the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hankou" title="Hankou">Hankou</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994434_225-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994434-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>March</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bayan_of_the_Baarin" title="Bayan of the Baarin">Bayan</a>'s forces meet <a href="/wiki/Jia_Sidao" title="Jia Sidao">Jia Sidao</a> in battle at <a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Dingjiao Prefecture</a> and annihilate his force using artillery equipment<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994434_225-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994434-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> conquer the <a href="/wiki/Hanshui" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanshui">Hanshui</a> region<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009928_224-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009928-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1276" title="1276">1276</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> army annihilates a <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> army near modern <a href="/wiki/Guichi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Guichi District">Guichi District</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009932_226-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009932-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 March</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Lin'an</a> surrenders to the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gong_of_Song" title="Emperor Gong of Song">Emperor Gong of Song</a> is eventually moved to <a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a> where he raises a family and becomes a monk<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009942-945_227-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009942-945-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Yuan general of <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur</a> descent, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arigh_Kaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arigh Kaya (page does not exist)">Arigh Kaya</a>, conquers <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994435_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994435-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Yuan commander <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodu (page does not exist)">Sodu</a> occupies <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994435_228-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994435-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> loyalists enthrone Zhao Shi, brother of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gong_of_Song" title="Emperor Gong of Song">Emperor Gong of Song</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Duanzong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Duanzong of Song">Emperor Duanzong of Song</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009948_229-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009948-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Reusable <a href="/wiki/Fire_lance" title="Fire lance">fire lance</a> barrels made of metal are employed by the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f228_230-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f228-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fire_lances" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire lances">Fire lances</a> are used by <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> cavalry in combating <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f227_222-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f227-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1277" title="1277">1277</a></td> <td>April</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> superintendent of <a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a> <a href="/wiki/Pu_Shougeng" title="Pu Shougeng">Pu Shougeng</a> defects to Yuan <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994435_228-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994435-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>A suicide bombing occurs in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> when <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> garrisons set off a large <a href="/wiki/Bomb" title="Bomb">bomb</a>, killing themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201650-51_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201650-51-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPartington1960250,_244,_149_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPartington1960250,_244,_149-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/1278" title="1278">1278</a></td> <td>February</td> <td>Yuan commander <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodu (page does not exist)">Sodu</a> occupies <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994435_228-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994435-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 May</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Duanzong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Duanzong of Song">Emperor Duanzong of Song</a> dies in <a href="/wiki/Guangnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangnan">Guangnan</a> and is succeeded by his brother <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Bing" title="Zhao Bing">Zhao Bing</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009952_233-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009952-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1279" title="1279">1279</a></td> <td>19 March</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yamen" title="Battle of Yamen">Battle of Yamen</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> fleet annihilates the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> fleet and <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Bing" title="Zhao Bing">Zhao Bing</a> dies at sea; so ends the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009956_234-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009956-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_River_watercourse_changes_en.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Yellow River course changes"><img alt="Yellow River course changes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Yellow_River_watercourse_changes_en.png/200px-Yellow_River_watercourse_changes_en.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Yellow_River_watercourse_changes_en.png/300px-Yellow_River_watercourse_changes_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Yellow_River_watercourse_changes_en.png/400px-Yellow_River_watercourse_changes_en.png 2x" data-file-width="1087" data-file-height="852" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> course changes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_River_course_changes.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Major Yellow River course changes"><img alt="Major Yellow River course changes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Yellow_River_course_changes.gif/200px-Yellow_River_course_changes.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Yellow_River_course_changes.gif/300px-Yellow_River_course_changes.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Yellow_River_course_changes.gif/400px-Yellow_River_course_changes.gif 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="452" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Major <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> course changes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liao_invasion_of_Song_1004.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Liao dynasty invasion in 1004"><img alt="Liao dynasty invasion in 1004" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Liao_invasion_of_Song_1004.png/200px-Liao_invasion_of_Song_1004.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Liao_invasion_of_Song_1004.png/300px-Liao_invasion_of_Song_1004.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Liao_invasion_of_Song_1004.png/400px-Liao_invasion_of_Song_1004.png 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="792" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> invasion in 1004</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chien_tranh_tong_viet_en.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lý–Song War (1075–1077)"><img alt="Lý–Song War (1075–1077)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Chien_tranh_tong_viet_en.jpg/200px-Chien_tranh_tong_viet_en.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Chien_tranh_tong_viet_en.jpg/300px-Chien_tranh_tong_viet_en.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Chien_tranh_tong_viet_en.jpg/400px-Chien_tranh_tong_viet_en.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="837" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD%E2%80%93Song_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Lý–Song War">Lý–Song War</a> (1075–1077)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VietnamChampa1.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Lý dynasty, c. 1100"><img alt="Lý dynasty, c. 1100" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/VietnamChampa1.gif/120px-VietnamChampa1.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/VietnamChampa1.gif/180px-VietnamChampa1.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/VietnamChampa1.gif/241px-VietnamChampa1.gif 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="706" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a>, c. 1100</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Song_Jin_Wars.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jin–Song Wars"><img alt="Jin–Song Wars" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Song_Jin_Wars.jpg/200px-Song_Jin_Wars.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Song_Jin_Wars.jpg/300px-Song_Jin_Wars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Song_Jin_Wars.jpg/400px-Song_Jin_Wars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1210" data-file-height="844" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jin%E2%80%93Song_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin–Song Wars">Jin–Song Wars</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1125-1126_war.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Jin–Song Wars, 1125-1126"><img alt="Jin–Song Wars, 1125-1126" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/1125-1126_war.png/200px-1125-1126_war.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/1125-1126_war.png/300px-1125-1126_war.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/1125-1126_war.png/400px-1125-1126_war.png 2x" data-file-width="1142" data-file-height="1026" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jin%E2%80%93Song_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin–Song Wars">Jin–Song Wars</a>, 1125-1126</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1126-1130_war.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Jin–Song Wars, 1126-1130"><img alt="Jin–Song Wars, 1126-1130" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/1126-1130_war.png/200px-1126-1130_war.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/1126-1130_war.png/300px-1126-1130_war.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/1126-1130_war.png/400px-1126-1130_war.png 2x" data-file-width="1142" data-file-height="1026" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jin%E2%80%93Song_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin–Song Wars">Jin–Song Wars</a>, 1126-1130</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ssong.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Southern Song in 1200"><img alt="Southern Song in 1200" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ssong.png/200px-Ssong.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ssong.png/300px-Ssong.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ssong.png/400px-Ssong.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="899" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song">Southern Song</a> in 1200</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Conquest_of_Jin.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty"><img alt="Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Conquest_of_Jin.png/200px-Conquest_of_Jin.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Conquest_of_Jin.png/300px-Conquest_of_Jin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Conquest_of_Jin.png/400px-Conquest_of_Jin.png 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="792" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Jin_dynasty" title="Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty">Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mongol_Invasion_of_China.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mongol conquest of China"><img alt="Mongol conquest of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Mongol_Invasion_of_China.png/200px-Mongol_Invasion_of_China.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Mongol_Invasion_of_China.png/300px-Mongol_Invasion_of_China.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Mongol_Invasion_of_China.png/400px-Mongol_Invasion_of_China.png 2x" data-file-width="1061" data-file-height="739" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_China" title="Mongol conquest of China">Mongol conquest of China</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Khitans" title="Timeline of the Khitans">Timeline of the Khitans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jurchens" title="Timeline of the Jurchens">Timeline of the Jurchens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Tanguts" title="Timeline of the Tanguts">Timeline of the Tanguts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXiong2009cxviii_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFXiong2009">Xiong 2009</a>, p. cxviii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009124-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009124_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009124_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuhn2009">Kuhn 2009</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986h460-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986h460_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986h">Needham 1986h</a>, p. 460.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerman200739-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200739_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200739_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200739_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200739_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerman2007">Herman 2007</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerman200743-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200743_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200743_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerman2007">Herman 2007</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009247-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009247_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiang2006-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiang2006_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLiang2006">Liang 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Songshi-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Songshi_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Songshi_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Songshi_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Song_(Yuan_dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Song (Yuan dynasty)">History of Song</a></i>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E5%AE%8B%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7488" class="extiw" title="s:zh:宋史/卷488">vol. 488</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986h280-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986h280_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986h">Needham 1986h</a>, p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zhuang08-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zhuang08_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zhuang08_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zhuang08_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zhuang08_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zhuang08_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zhuang08_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zhuang08_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208024207/http://mcel.pacificu.edu/as/resources/ZHUANG/zhuang8.htm">"Zhuang 08"</a>. <i>mcel.pacificu.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mcel.pacificu.edu/as/resources/ZHUANG/zhuang8.htm">the original</a> on 8 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mcel.pacificu.edu&rft.atitle=Zhuang+08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmcel.pacificu.edu%2Fas%2Fresources%2FZHUANG%2Fzhuang8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerman200740-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200740_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerman2007">Herman 2007</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009228-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009228_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009242-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009242_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerman200742-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200742_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerman200742_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerman2007">Herman 2007</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobson200452-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobson200452_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobson200452_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHobson2004">Hobson 2004</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett199486-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett199486_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett199486_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker2012211-212-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker2012211-212_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker2012">Walker 2012</a>, p. 211-212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009252-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009252_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009252_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009252_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009252_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2012910-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2012910_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2012">Wilkinson 2012</a>, p. 910.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986c349-351-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986c349-351_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986c">Needham 1986c</a>, p. 349-351.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett199499-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett199499_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009256-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009256_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009236-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009236_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009236_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuhn2009">Kuhn 2009</a>, p. 236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009257-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009257_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009260-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009260_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994105-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994105_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994105_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994105_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994105_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201632-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201632_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201632_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201632_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201632_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndrade2016">Andrade 2016</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHobson200457-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHobson200457_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHobson2004">Hobson 2004</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009353-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009353_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 353.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994109-110-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994109-110_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 109-110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMote2003178-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMote2003178_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMote2003">Mote 2003</a>, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009122-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009122_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009122_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009122_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009122_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuhn2009">Kuhn 2009</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009272-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009272_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009272_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009218-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009218_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuhn2009">Kuhn 2009</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009283-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009283_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009283_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009283_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009232-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009232_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuhn2009">Kuhn 2009</a>, p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009279-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009279_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009279_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009237-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009237_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuhn2009">Kuhn 2009</a>, p. 237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986c97-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986c97_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986c">Needham 1986c</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009291-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009291_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009302-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009302_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009302_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 302.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009296-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009296_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009296_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009296_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009298-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009298_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009329_44-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 329.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009305-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009305_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009307-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009307_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009307_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009309-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009309_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 309.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2012911-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2012911_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2012">Wilkinson 2012</a>, p. 911.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009314-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009314_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 314.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994122-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994122_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009318-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009318_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 318.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009127-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009127_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009127_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009127_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuhn2009">Kuhn 2009</a>, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009315-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009315_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f118-124-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f118-124_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986f">Needham 1986f</a>, p. 118-124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEbrey1999138-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEbrey1999138_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEbrey1999">Ebrey 1999</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li 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class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 499.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009217-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009217_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuhn2009">Kuhn 2009</a>, p. 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJin2016136-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJin2016136_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJin2016">Jin 2016</a>, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor201385-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor201385_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor2013">Taylor 2013</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009507-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009507_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 507.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986b111-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986b111_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986b">Needham 1986b</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009531-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009531_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 531.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009550-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009550_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 550.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009551-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009551_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009597_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009597_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 597.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009614-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009614_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009614_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009614_99-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009614_99-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 614.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/index.php/component/k2/item/10758-han-chinese-footbinding">"Han Chinese Footbinding"</a>. <i>Textile Research Centre</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Textile+Research+Centre&rft.atitle=Han+Chinese+Footbinding&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrc-leiden.nl%2Ftrc-needles%2Findex.php%2Fcomponent%2Fk2%2Fitem%2F10758-han-chinese-footbinding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Xu Ji 徐積《詠蔡家婦》：「但知勒四支，不知裹两足。」(translation: "knowing about arranging the four limbs, but not about binding her two feet); <a href="/wiki/Su_Shi" title="Su Shi">Su Shi</a> 蘇軾《菩薩蠻》：「塗香莫惜蓮承步，長愁羅襪凌波去；只見舞回風，都無行處踪。偷穿宮樣穩，並立雙趺困，纖妙說應難，須從掌上看。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ebrey_1-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ebrey_1_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ebrey_1_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ebrey_1_102-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatricia_Buckley_Ebrey1993" class="citation book cs1">Patricia Buckley Ebrey (1 December 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xjoLCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA38"><i>The Inner Quarters: Marriage and the Lives of Chinese Women in the Sung Period</i></a>. 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p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009599-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009599_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009599_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 599.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009128-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009128_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuhn2009">Kuhn 2009</a>, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009598-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009598_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 598.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETsien198597-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsien198597_107-0">^</a></b></span> 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009603_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 603.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009628-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009628_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 628.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009626-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009626_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 626.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009605-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009605_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 605.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009627-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009627_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 627.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994149-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994149_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994227-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994227_117-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994227_117-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994151-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994151_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009637-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009637_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 637.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201634-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201634_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndrade2016">Andrade 2016</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELorge200553-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELorge200553_121-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELorge200553_121-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELorge200553_121-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLorge2005">Lorge 2005</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201634-35-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201634-35_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201634-35_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndrade2016">Andrade 2016</a>, p. 34-35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009643-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009643_123-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009643_123-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009643_123-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 643.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994229-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994229_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELu1988-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELu1988_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLu1988">Lu 1988</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994230-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994230_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201638-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201638_127-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201638_127-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201638_127-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndrade2016">Andrade 2016</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009655-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009655_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 655.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009665-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009665_129-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009665_129-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 665.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016153-154-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016153-154_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndrade2016">Andrade 2016</a>, p. 153-154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009666-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009666_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 666.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986c476-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986c476_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986c">Needham 1986c</a>, p. 476.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f222-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f222_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986f">Needham 1986f</a>, p. 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase200331-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase200331_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChase2003">Chase 2003</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELorge200833-34-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELorge200833-34_135-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLorge2008">Lorge 2008</a>, p. 33-34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201640-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201640_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndrade2016">Andrade 2016</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009674-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009674_137-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 674.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994232-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994232_138-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994232_138-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009676-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009676_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 676.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009682-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009682_140-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 682.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMote2003303-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMote2003303_141-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMote2003303_141-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMote2003">Mote 2003</a>, p. 303.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009684-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009684_142-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 684.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009686-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009686_143-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 686.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckwith2009175-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckwith2009175_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeckwith2009">Beckwith 2009</a>, p. 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009700-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009700_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 700.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnapp2008244-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp2008244_146-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnapp2008">Knapp 2008</a>, p. 244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnapp2008215-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp2008215_147-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnapp2008">Knapp 2008</a>, p. 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009749-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009749_148-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009749_148-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009749_148-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 749.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009706-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009706_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 706.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201639-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201639_150-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201639_150-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndrade2016">Andrade 2016</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009708-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009708_151-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 708.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009717-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009717_152-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 717.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994244-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994244_153-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinstein199986-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERubinstein199986_154-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRubinstein1999">Rubinstein 1999</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnapp19806-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp19806_155-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnapp1980">Knapp 1980</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChia2011241-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChia2011241_156-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChia2011">Chia 2011</a>, p. 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009752-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009752_157-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 752.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009753-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009753_158-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 753.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009754-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009754_159-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 754.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009760-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009760_160-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 760.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009768-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009768_161-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 768.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009772-773-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009772-773_162-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 772-773.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833_163-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833_163-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833_163-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833_163-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833_163-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009833_163-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 833.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986b103-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986b103_164-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986b">Needham 1986b</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009787-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009787_165-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 787.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009786-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009786_166-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 786.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009790-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009790_167-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 790.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994247-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994247_168-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994247_168-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994343-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994343_169-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994248-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994248_170-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994248_170-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994248_170-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994249-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994249_171-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009831-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009831_172-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009831_172-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 831.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009830_173-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 830.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986b50-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986b50_174-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986b">Needham 1986b</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009822-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009822_175-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 822.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994259-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994259_176-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009827-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009827_177-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 827.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009832-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009832_178-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 832.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009829-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009829_179-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 829.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201642-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201642_180-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndrade2016">Andrade 2016</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009836-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009836_181-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 836.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994261-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994261_182-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009849-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009849_183-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 849.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994213-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994213_184-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f230-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f230_185-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986f">Needham 1986f</a>, p. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009852-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009852_186-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 852.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906_187-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906_187-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906_187-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906_187-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906_187-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906_187-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906_187-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009906_187-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 906.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009856-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009856_188-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 856.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994264-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994264_189-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett200982-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett200982_190-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009864-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009864_191-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009864_191-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 864.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201647-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201647_192-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndrade2016">Andrade 2016</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009865-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009865_193-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 865.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009867-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009867_194-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009867_194-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009867_194-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009867_194-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 867.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994383-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994383_195-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 383.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f511-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f511_196-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986f">Needham 1986f</a>, p. 511.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009908-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009908_197-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 908.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009241-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009241_198-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuhn2009241_198-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuhn2009">Kuhn 2009</a>, p. 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Qin-Jiushao">"Qin Jiushao"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Qin+Jiushao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FQin-Jiushao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learnodo-newtonic.com/song-dynasty-achievements">"10 MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS OF SONG DYNASTY OF CHINA"</a>. <i>learnodo-newtonic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=learnodo-newtonic&rft.atitle=10+MAJOR+ACHIEVEMENTS+OF+SONG+DYNASTY+OF+CHINA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearnodo-newtonic.com%2Fsong-dynasty-achievements&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994405-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994405_201-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 405.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994410-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994410_202-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994410_202-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994410_202-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 410.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994409-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994409_203-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994409_203-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 409.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnapp2008176-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp2008176_204-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnapp2008">Knapp 2008</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201651-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201651_205-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201651_205-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndrade2016">Andrade 2016</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPartington1960246-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPartington1960246_206-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPartington1960246_206-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPartington1960">Partington 1960</a>, p. 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009869-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009869_207-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 869.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009870-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009870_208-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 870.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009410-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009410_209-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 410.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994411-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994411_210-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 411.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994422-423-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994422-423_211-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 422-423.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f173-174-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f173-174_212-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986f">Needham 1986f</a>, p. 173-174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994423-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994423_213-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 423.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994431-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994431_214-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994431_214-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 431.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994426-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994426_215-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994426_215-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 426.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994257-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994257_216-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009912-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009912_217-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 912.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f509-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f509_218-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986f">Needham 1986f</a>, p. 509.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009922-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009922_219-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 922.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994458-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994458_220-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 458.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2008f-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2008f_221-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndrade2008f">Andrade 2008f</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f227-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f227_222-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f227_222-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986f">Needham 1986f</a>, p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009923-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009923_223-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 923.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009928-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009928_224-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009928_224-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 928.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994434-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994434_225-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994434_225-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 434.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009932-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009932_226-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 932.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009942-945-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009942-945_227-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 942-945.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994435-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994435_228-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994435_228-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994435_228-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett1994435_228-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett1994">Twitchett 1994</a>, p. 435.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009948-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009948_229-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 948.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f228-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986f228_230-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986f">Needham 1986f</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201650-51-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201650-51_231-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndrade2016">Andrade 2016</a>, p. 50-51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPartington1960250,_244,_149-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPartington1960250,_244,_149_232-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPartington1960">Partington 1960</a>, p. 250, 244, 149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009952-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009952_233-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 952.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009956-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2009956_234-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2009">Twitchett 2009</a>, p. 956.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrade2008f" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Tonio_Andrade" title="Tonio Andrade">Andrade, Tonio</a> (2008f), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg-e.org/andrade/andrade06.html">"Chapter 6: The Birth of Co-colonization"</a>, <i>How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century</i>, Columbia University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+6%3A+The+Birth+of+Co-colonization&rft.btitle=How+Taiwan+Became+Chinese%3A+Dutch%2C+Spanish%2C+and+Han+Colonization+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Andrade&rft.aufirst=Tonio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg-e.org%2Fandrade%2Fandrade06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrade2016" class="citation cs2">Andrade, Tonio (2016), <i>The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History</i>, Princeton University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13597-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13597-7"><bdi>978-0-691-13597-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gunpowder+Age%3A+China%2C+Military+Innovation%2C+and+the+Rise+of+the+West+in+World+History&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-691-13597-7&rft.aulast=Andrade&rft.aufirst=Tonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1998" class="citation cs2">Asimov, M.S. 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(2009), <i>Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present</i>, Princeton University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13589-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13589-2"><bdi>978-0-691-13589-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empires+of+the+Silk+Road%3A+A+History+of+Central+Eurasia+from+the+Bronze+Age+to+the+Present&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-691-13589-2&rft.aulast=Beckwith&rft.aufirst=Christopher+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiran2005" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Michal_Biran" title="Michal Biran">Biran, Michal</a> (2005), <i>The 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Firearms%3A+A+Global+History+to+1700&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-82274-9&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+Warren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChia2011" class="citation cs2">Chia, Lucille (2011), <i>Knowledge and Text Production in an Age of Print: China, 900-1400</i>, Brill</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knowledge+and+Text+Production+in+an+Age+of+Print%3A+China%2C+900-1400&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Chia&rft.aufirst=Lucille&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrompp2005" class="citation cs2">Drompp, Michael Robert (2005), <i>Tang China And The Collapse Of The Uighur Empire: A Documentary History</i>, Brill</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tang+China+And+The+Collapse+Of+The+Uighur+Empire%3A+A+Documentary+History&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Drompp&rft.aufirst=Michael+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbrey1999" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Buckley_Ebrey" title="Patricia Buckley Ebrey">Ebrey, Patricia Buckley</a> (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgeillustr00ebre"><i>The Cambridge Illustrated History of China</i></a>, Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-66991-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-66991-X"><bdi>0-521-66991-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Illustrated+History+of+China&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-521-66991-X&rft.aulast=Ebrey&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Buckley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgeillustr00ebre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span> (paperback).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbreyWalthallPalais2006" class="citation cs2">Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Walthall, Anne; Palais, James B. 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(1992), <i>An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East</i>, OTTO HARRASSOWITZ · WIESBADEN</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+History+of+the+Turkic+Peoples%3A+Ethnogenesis+and+State-Formation+in+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Eurasia+and+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=OTTO+HARRASSOWITZ+%C2%B7+WIESBADEN&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Golden&rft.aufirst=Peter+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraff2002" class="citation cs2">Graff, David A. (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.ca/Medieval-Chinese-Warfare-300-900-Paperback/dp/B011DB8HXQ/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&qid=1474670841&sr=8-4&keywords=medieval+chinese+warfare"><i>Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300-900</i></a>, Warfare and History, London: Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415239559" title="Special:BookSources/0415239559"><bdi>0415239559</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Chinese+Warfare%2C+300-900&rft.place=London&rft.series=Warfare+and+History&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0415239559&rft.aulast=Graff&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.ca%2FMedieval-Chinese-Warfare-300-900-Paperback%2Fdp%2FB011DB8HXQ%2Fref%3Dsr_1_4%3Fie%3DUTF8%26qid%3D1474670841%26sr%3D8-4%26keywords%3Dmedieval%2Bchinese%2Bwarfare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraff2016" class="citation cs2">Graff, David Andrew (2016), <i>The Eurasian Way of War Military Practice in Seventh-Century China and Byzantium</i>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46034-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46034-7"><bdi>978-0-415-46034-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eurasian+Way+of+War+Military+Practice+in+Seventh-Century+China+and+Byzantium&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-415-46034-7&rft.aulast=Graff&rft.aufirst=David+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaywood1998" class="citation cs2">Haywood, John (1998), <i>Historical Atlas of the Medieval World, AD 600-1492</i>, Barnes & Noble</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Atlas+of+the+Medieval+World%2C+AD+600-1492&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Haywood&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerman2007" class="citation cs2">Herman, John E. 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(2009), <i>The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire</i>, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grand+Strategy+of+the+Byzantine+Empire&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Luttwak&rft.aufirst=Edward+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillward2009" class="citation cs2">Millward, James (2009), <i>Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang</i>, Columbia University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eurasian+Crossroads%3A+A+History+of+Xinjiang&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Millward&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMote2003" class="citation cs2">Mote, F. 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(2003), <i>Imperial China: 900–1800</i>, Harvard University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674012127" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674012127"><bdi>978-0674012127</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+China%3A+900%E2%80%931800&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0674012127&rft.aulast=Mote&rft.aufirst=F.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeedham1986a" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Needham" title="Joseph Needham">Needham, Joseph</a> (1986a), <i>Science and Civilization in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth</i>, Taipei: Caves Books</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Civilization+in+China%3A+Volume+3%2C+Mathematics+and+the+Sciences+of+the+Heavens+and+the+Earth&rft.place=Taipei&rft.pub=Caves+Books&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeedham1986g" class="citation cs2">—— (1986g), <i>Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Engineering, Part 1, Physics</i>, Taipei: Caves Books</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Civilization+in+China%3A+Volume+4%2C+Physics+and+Physical+Engineering%2C+Part+1%2C+Physics&rft.place=Taipei&rft.pub=Caves+Books&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeedham1986b" class="citation cs2">—— (1986b), <i>Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Engineering, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering</i>, Taipei: Caves Books</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Civilization+in+China%3A+Volume+5%2C+Chemistry+and+Chemical+Technology%2C+Part+1%2C+Paper+and+Printing&rft.place=Taipei&rft.pub=Caves+Books&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeedham1986e" class="citation cs2">—— (1986e), <i>Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 4, Spagyrical Discovery and Invention: Apparatus, Theories and Gifts</i>, Taipei: Caves Books</cite><span 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title="Special:BookSources/0521243319"><bdi>0521243319</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Liao&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%2C+Volume+6%2C+Alien+Regime+and+Border+States%2C+907-1368&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=43-153&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0521243319&rft.aulast=Twitchett&rft.aufirst=Denis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwitchett2009" class="citation cs2">Twitchett, Denis (2009), <i>The Cambridge History of China Volume 5 The Sung dynasty and its Predecessors, 907-1279</i>, Cambridge University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China+Volume+5+The+Sung+dynasty+and+its+Predecessors%2C+907-1279&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Twitchett&rft.aufirst=Denis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2012" class="citation cs2">Walker, Hugh Dyson (2012), <i>East Asia: A New History</i>, AuthorHouse</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+Asia%3A+A+New+History&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Hugh+Dyson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang2013" class="citation cs2">Wang, Zhenping (2013), <i>Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy and War</i>, University of Hawaii Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tang+China+in+Multi-Polar+Asia%3A+A+History+of+Diplomacy+and+War&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Zhenping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2012" class="citation cs2">Wilkinson, Endymion (2012), <i>Chinese History: A New Manual</i>, Harvard University Asia Center for the Harvard-Yenching Institute</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+History%3A+A+New+Manual%2C+4th+edition&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Asia+Center+distributed+by+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780674088467&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Endymion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXiong2000" class="citation cs2">Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2000), <i>Sui-Tang Chang'an: A Study in the Urban History of Late Medieval China (Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies)</i>, U OF M CENTER FOR CHINESE STUDIES, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0892641371" title="Special:BookSources/0892641371"><bdi>0892641371</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sui-Tang+Chang%27an%3A+A+Study+in+the+Urban+History+of+Late+Medieval+China+%28Michigan+Monographs+in+Chinese+Studies%29&rft.pub=U+OF+M+CENTER+FOR+CHINESE+STUDIES&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0892641371&rft.aulast=Xiong&rft.aufirst=Victor+Cunrui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXiong2009" class="citation cs2">Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009), <i>Historical Dictionary of Medieval China</i>, United States of America: Scarecrow Press, Inc., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810860537" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810860537"><bdi>978-0810860537</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Medieval+China&rft.place=United+States+of+America&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0810860537&rft.aulast=Xiong&rft.aufirst=Victor+Cunrui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXu2005" class="citation cs2">Xu, Elina-Qian (2005), <i>HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRE-DYNASTIC KHITAN</i>, Institute for Asian and African Studies 7</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HISTORICAL+DEVELOPMENT+OF+THE+PRE-DYNASTIC+KHITAN&rft.pub=Institute+for+Asian+and+African+Studies+7&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Elina-Qian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXue1992" class="citation cs2">Xue, Zongzheng (1992), <i>Turkic peoples</i>, 中国社会科学出版社</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkic+peoples&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Xue&rft.aufirst=Zongzheng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuan2001" class="citation cs2">Yuan, Shu (2001), <i>Bóyángbǎn Tōngjiàn jìshìběnmò 28 dìèrcìhuànguánshídài 柏楊版通鑑記事本末28第二次宦官時代</i>, Yuǎnliú chūbǎnshìyè gǔfèn yǒuxiàn gōngsī, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/957-32-4273-7" title="Special:BookSources/957-32-4273-7"><bdi>957-32-4273-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=B%C3%B3y%C3%A1ngb%C7%8En+T%C5%8Dngji%C3%A0n+j%C3%ACsh%C3%ACb%C4%9Bnm%C3%B2+28+d%C3%AC%C3%A8rc%C3%AChu%C3%A0ngu%C3%A1nsh%C3%ADd%C3%A0i+%E6%9F%8F%E6%A5%8A%E7%89%88%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91%E8%A8%98%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%AC%E6%9C%AB28%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%AE%A6%E5%AE%98%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&rft.pub=Yu%C7%8Enli%C3%BA+ch%C5%ABb%C7%8Ensh%C3%ACy%C3%A8+g%C7%94f%C3%A8n+y%C7%92uxi%C3%A0n+g%C5%8Dngs%C4%AB&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=957-32-4273-7&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Shu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYule1915" class="citation cs2">Yule, Henry (1915), <i>Cathay and the Way Thither: Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, Vol I: Preliminary Essay on the Intercourse Between China and the Western Nations Previous to the Discovery of the Cape Route</i>, Hakluyt Society</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cathay+and+the+Way+Thither%3A+Being+a+Collection+of+Medieval+Notices+of+China%2C+Vol+I%3A+Preliminary+Essay+on+the+Intercourse+Between+China+and+the+Western+Nations+Previous+to+the+Discovery+of+the+Cape+Route&rft.pub=Hakluyt+Society&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Yule&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimeline+of+the+Song+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Song_dynasty_topics" title="Template:Song dynasty topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Song_dynasty_topics" title="Template talk:Song dynasty topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Song_dynasty_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Song dynasty topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Song_dynasty_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="History of the Song dynasty">History</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chenqiao_mutiny" title="Chenqiao mutiny">Chenqiao mutiny</a></li> <li>Unification <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Song_conquest_of_Later_Shu" title="Song conquest of Later Shu">Later Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_conquest_of_Southern_Han" title="Song conquest of Southern Han">Southern Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_conquest_of_Southern_Tang" title="Song conquest of Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaoliang_River" title="Battle of Gaoliang River">Gaoliang River</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song%E2%80%93%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_C%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t_war" title="Song–Đại Cồ Việt war">Song–Đại Cồ Việt war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song%E2%80%93Xia_wars" title="Song–Xia wars">Song–Xia wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanyuan_Treaty" title="Chanyuan Treaty">Chanyuan Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Ze" title="Wang Ze">Wang Ze rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nong_Zhigao_rebellions" title="Nong Zhigao rebellions">Nong Zhigao rebellions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="Song–Tibet relations">Song–Tibet relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song%E2%80%93Viet_war_(1075%E2%80%931077)" class="mw-redirect" title="Song–Viet war (1075–1077)">Song–Viet war (1075–1077)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_La" title="Fang La">Fang La rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Conducted_at_Sea" title="Alliance Conducted at Sea">Alliance Conducted at Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin%E2%80%93Song_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin–Song Wars">Jin–Song Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jingkang_incident" title="Jingkang incident">Jingkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Huangtiandang" title="Battle of Huangtiandang">Huangtiandang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_De%27an" title="Siege of De'an">De'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yancheng" title="Battle of Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shaoxing" title="Treaty of Shaoxing">Treaty of Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tangdao" title="Battle of Tangdao">Tangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caishi" title="Battle of Caishi">Caishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Caizhou" title="Siege of Caizhou">Caizhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_Song_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol conquest of Song China">Mongol conquest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Diaoyucheng" title="Siege of Diaoyucheng">Diaoyucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Xiangyang" title="Battle of Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yamen" title="Battle of Yamen">Yamen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ma_Lin_Guests.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Painting by Song painter Ma Lin"><img alt="Painting by Song painter Ma Lin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ma_Lin_Guests.jpg/50px-Ma_Lin_Guests.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ma_Lin_Guests.jpg/75px-Ma_Lin_Guests.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ma_Lin_Guests.jpg/100px-Ma_Lin_Guests.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1864" data-file-height="1818" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="List of emperors of the Song dynasty">Emperors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_emperors_family_tree_(middle)#Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese emperors family tree (middle)">Family tree</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination#Song_dynasty_(960–1279)" title="Imperial examination">Imperial examinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_of_territory_in_dynastic_China#Song_dynasty_(960–1279)" title="Administration of territory in dynastic China">Administrative units</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Prefectures" title="Sixteen Prefectures">Sixteen Prefectures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Military history of the Song dynasty">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Military_Affairs" title="Bureau of Military Affairs">Bureau of Military Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingli_Reforms" title="Qingli Reforms">Qingli Reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Policies_(Song_dynasty)" title="New Policies (Song dynasty)">New Policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baojia_system" title="Baojia system">Baojia system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Bureaus" title="Three Bureaus">Three Bureaus</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Three_Departments_and_Six_Ministries" title="Three Departments and Six Ministries">Three Departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_State_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of State Affairs">Department of State Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshu_Sheng" title="Zhongshu Sheng">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menxia_Sheng" title="Menxia Sheng">Chancellery</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Secretariat-Chancellery" title="Secretariat-Chancellery">Secretariat-Chancellery</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Three_Departments_and_Six_Ministries" title="Three Departments and Six Ministries">Six Ministries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel" title="Ministry of Personnel">Ministry of Personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Revenue_(imperial_China)" title="Ministry of Revenue (imperial China)">Ministry of Revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Rites" title="Ministry of Rites">Ministry of Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_War_(imperial_China)" title="Ministry of War (imperial China)">Ministry of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(imperial_China)" title="Ministry of Justice (imperial China)">Ministry of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Works_(imperial_China)" title="Ministry of Works (imperial China)">Ministry of Works</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Culture of the Song dynasty">Culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Society of the Song dynasty">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Song_dynasty" title="Religion in the Song dynasty">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_poetry" title="Song poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Great_Kilns" title="Five Great Kilns">Five Great Kilns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ding_ware" title="Ding ware">Ding ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge_ware" title="Ge ware">Ge ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_ware" title="Guan ware">Guan ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun_ware" title="Jun ware">Jun ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ru_ware" title="Ru ware">Ru ware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longquan_celadon" title="Longquan celadon">Longquan celadon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cizhou_ware" title="Cizhou ware">Cizhou ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingbai_ware" title="Qingbai ware">Qingbai ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaozhou_ware" title="Yaozhou ware">Yaozhou ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian_ware" title="Jian ware">Jian ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Treasures_of_Hebei#Great_Bodhisattva_of_Zhengding_(971)" title="Four Treasures of Hebei">Great Bodhisattva of Zhengding</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Along_the_River_During_the_Qingming_Festival" title="Along the River During the Qingming Festival">Along the River During the Qingming Festival</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Great_Books_of_Song" title="Four Great Books of Song">Four Great Books of Song</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dongjing_Meng_Hua_Lu" title="Dongjing Meng Hua Lu">Dongjing Meng Hua Lu</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Zhongyan" title="Fan Zhongyan">Fan Zhongyan</a> (989–1052)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Shu" title="Yan Shu">Yan Shu</a> (991–1055)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_Qi" title="Song Qi">Song Qi</a> (998–1061)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mei_Yaochen" title="Mei Yaochen">Mei Yaochen</a> (1002–1060)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouyang_Xiu" title="Ouyang Xiu">Ouyang Xiu</a> (1007–1072)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Xun" title="Su Xun">Su Xun</a> (1009–1066)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shao_Yong" title="Shao Yong">Shao Yong</a> (1011–1077)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Xiang" title="Cai Xiang">Cai Xiang</a> (1012–1067)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Dunyi" title="Zhou Dunyi">Zhou Dunyi</a> (1017–1073)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Gong" title="Zeng Gong">Zeng Gong</a> (1019–1083)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Guang" title="Sima Guang">Sima Guang</a> (1019–1086)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zai" title="Zhang Zai">Zhang Zai</a> (1022–1077)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Hao" title="Cheng Hao">Cheng Hao</a> (1032–1085)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Yi_(philosopher)" title="Cheng Yi (philosopher)">Cheng Yi</a> (1033–1107)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Shi" title="Su Shi">Su Shi</a> (1037–1101)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Zhe" title="Su Zhe">Su Zhe</a> (1039–1112)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Tingjian" title="Huang Tingjian">Huang Tingjian</a> (1045–1105)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Jing" title="Cai Jing">Cai Jing</a> (1047–1126)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Bangyan" title="Zhou Bangyan">Zhou Bangyan</a> (1056–1121)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qingzhao" title="Li Qingzhao">Li Qingzhao</a> (1084–1155)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Bian" title="Zhu Bian">Zhu Bian</a> (1085–1144)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yu_(author)" title="Zhu Yu (author)">Zhu Yu</a> (<abbr title="floruit ('flourished' – known to have been active at a particular time or during a particular period)">fl.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1111–1117</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_You" title="Lu You">Lu You</a> (1125–1209)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Chengda" title="Fan Chengda">Fan Chengda</a> (1126–1193)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Wanli" title="Yang Wanli">Yang Wanli</a> (1127–1206)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Xi" title="Zhu Xi">Zhu Xi</a> (1130–1200)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xin_Qiji" title="Xin Qiji">Xin Qiji</a> (1140–1207)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Rukuo" title="Zhao Rukuo">Zhao Rukuo</a> (1170–1231)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Painters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Kuan" title="Fan Kuan">Fan Kuan</a> (960–1030)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Daoning" title="Xu Daoning">Xu Daoning</a> (970–1053)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Chang" title="Zhao Chang">Zhao Chang</a> (10th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Yuanji" title="Yi Yuanji">Yi Yuanji</a> (1000–1064)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_Tong" title="Wen Tong">Wen Tong</a> (1019–1079)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Xi" title="Guo Xi">Guo Xi</a> (1020–1090)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Shen_(Song_dynasty)" title="Wang Shen (Song dynasty)">Wang Shen</a> (1036–1093)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Gonglin" title="Li Gonglin">Li Gonglin</a> (1049–1106)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cui_Bai" title="Cui Bai">Cui Bai</a> (<abbr title="floruit ('flourished' – known to have been active at a particular time or during a particular period)">fl.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1050–1080</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi_Fu" title="Mi Fu">Mi Fu</a> (1051–1107)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huizong_of_Song" title="Emperor Huizong of Song">Emperor Huizong</a> (1082–1135)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zeduan" title="Zhang Zeduan">Zhang Zeduan</a> (1085–1145)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Hanchen" title="Su Hanchen">Su Hanchen</a> (1094-1172)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Ximeng" title="Wang Ximeng">Wang Ximeng</a> (1096–1119)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Di" title="Li Di">Li Di</a> (1100–1197)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Boju" title="Zhao Boju">Zhao Boju</a> (1120–1182)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Kai" title="Liang Kai">Liang Kai</a> (1140–1210)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Tinggui" title="Lin Tinggui">Lin Tinggui</a> (<abbr title="floruit ('flourished' – known to have been active at a particular time or during a particular period)">fl.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1174–1189</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Jichang" title="Zhou Jichang">Zhou Jichang</a> (12th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhun_Shifan" title="Wuzhun Shifan">Wuzhun Shifan</a> (1178–1249)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Song_(painter)" title="Li Song (painter)">Li Song</a> (1190–1230)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Mengjian" title="Zhao Mengjian">Zhao Mengjian</a> (1199–1295)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqi" title="Muqi">Muqi</a> (1210–1269)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong_Kai" title="Gong Kai">Gong Kai</a> (1222–1307)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Xuan" title="Qian Xuan">Qian Xuan</a> (1235–1305)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Economy of the Song dynasty">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Anshi" title="Wang Anshi">Wang Anshi</a> (1021–1086)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint-stock_company" title="Joint-stock company">Joint-stock company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">Banknote</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozi_(currency)" title="Jiaozi (currency)">Jiaozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanzi_(currency)" title="Guanzi (currency)">Guanzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizi_(currency)" title="Huizi (currency)">Huizi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Song_dynasty_coinage" title="Southern Song dynasty coinage">Southern Song dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champa_rice" title="Champa rice">Champa rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanhai_One" title="Nanhai One">Nanhai One</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Fan_Zhi" title="Zhu Fan Zhi">Zhu Fan Zhi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Science and technology of the Song dynasty">Science and technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">Gunpowder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_weapons_in_the_Song_dynasty" title="Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty">Gunpowder weapons</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wujing_Zongyao" title="Wujing Zongyao">Wujing Zongyao</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessemer_process" title="Bessemer process">Early Bessemer process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_drive" title="Chain drive">Endless power transmitting chain drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_clock" title="Astronomical clock">Astronomical clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movable_type" title="Movable type">Movable type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_(water_navigation)" title="Lock (water navigation)">Pound lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_dock" title="Dry dock">Dry dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulkhead_(partition)" title="Bulkhead (partition)">Watertight bulkhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_reel" title="Fishing reel">Fishing reel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianchi_basin" title="Tianchi basin">Tianchi basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horner%27s_method" title="Horner's method">Horner's method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Architecture of the Song dynasty">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liaodi_Pagoda" title="Liaodi Pagoda">Liaodi Pagoda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yingzao_Fashi" title="Yingzao Fashi">Yingzao Fashi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_entomology" title="Forensic entomology">Forensic entomology</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Collected_Cases_of_Injustice_Rectified" title="Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified">Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dream_Pool_Essays" title="Dream Pool Essays">Dream Pool Essays</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Inventors" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Inventors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bi_Sheng" title="Bi Sheng">Bi Sheng</a> (972–1051)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Sixun" title="Zhang Sixun">Zhang Sixun</a> (<abbr title="floruit ('flourished' – known to have been active at a particular time or during a particular period)">fl.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 10th c.</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Xian" title="Jia Xian">Jia Xian</a> (1010–1070)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Song" title="Su Song">Su Song</a> (1020–1101)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Kuo" title="Shen Kuo">Shen Kuo</a> (1031–1095)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_Ci" title="Song Ci">Song Ci</a> (1186–1249)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Ye_(mathematician)" title="Li Ye (mathematician)">Li Ye</a> (1192-1279)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_Jiushao" title="Qin Jiushao">Qin Jiushao</a> (1202–1261)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Shoujing" title="Guo Shoujing">Guo Shoujing</a> (1231–1316)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style 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.portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_the_Song_dynasty" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Template:Administrative divisions of the Song dynasty"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of the Song dynasty"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of the Song dynasty"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_the_Song_dynasty" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative divisions of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Jingji (京畿)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Upper" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81if%C4%93ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Kāifēng">Kāifēng</a> (開封)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Jingdong_Circuit" title="Jingdong Circuit">Jingdong</a> East (京東東)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jǐ'nán</a> (濟南)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Q%C4%ABngzh%C5%8Du" class="mw-redirect" title="Qīngzhōu">Qīngzhōu</a> (青州) | <a href="/wiki/Mi_Prefecture" title="Mi Prefecture">Mìzhōu</a> (密州) | <a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Shandong)" title="Yi Prefecture (Shandong)">Yízhōu</a> (沂州) | <a href="/wiki/Deng_Prefecture_(Shandong)" title="Deng Prefecture (Shandong)">Dēngzhōu</a> (登州) | <a href="/wiki/Lai_Prefecture" title="Lai Prefecture">Láizhōu</a> (萊州) | <a href="/wiki/Wei_Prefecture_(Shandong)" title="Wei Prefecture (Shandong)">Wéizhōu</a> (濰州) | <a href="/wiki/Zi_Prefecture_(Shandong)" title="Zi Prefecture (Shandong)">Zīzhōu</a> (淄州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pizhou" title="Pizhou">Huáiyáng</a> (淮陽)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Jingdong West (京東西)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Yīngtiān</a> (應天)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yan Province">Yǎnzhōu</a> (兗州) | <a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xúzhōu</a> (徐州) | <a href="/wiki/Cao_Prefecture" title="Cao Prefecture">Cáozhōu</a> (曹州) | <a href="/wiki/Yun_Prefecture_(Shandong)" title="Yun Prefecture (Shandong)">Yùnzhōu</a> (鄆州) | Jìzhōu (濟州) | Shànzhōu (單州) | <a href="/wiki/Pu_Prefecture_(Shandong)" title="Pu Prefecture (Shandong)">Púzhōu</a> (濮州)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Jingxi_Circuit" title="Jingxi Circuit">Jingxi</a> South (京西南)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiāngzhōu</a> (襄州) | <a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suízhōu</a> (隨州) | <a href="/wiki/Tang_Prefecture_(Henan)" title="Tang Prefecture (Henan)">Tángzhōu</a> (唐州) | <a href="/wiki/Deng_Prefecture_(Henan)" title="Deng Prefecture (Henan)">Dèngzhōu</a> (鄧州) | <a href="/wiki/Jun_Prefecture" title="Jun Prefecture">Jūnzhōu</a> (均州) | Fángzhōu (房州) | <a href="/wiki/Jin_Prefecture_(Shaanxi)" title="Jin Prefecture (Shaanxi)">Jīnzhou</a> (金州) | <a href="/wiki/Ying_Prefecture_(Hubei)" title="Ying Prefecture (Hubei)">Yǐngzhōu</a> (郢州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Laohekou" title="Laohekou">Guānghuà</a> (光化)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Jingxi North (京西北)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Henan_Prefecture" title="Henan Prefecture">Hénán</a> (河南) | <a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Yǐngchāng</a> (潁昌)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Zheng_Prefecture" title="Zheng Prefecture">Zhèngzhōu</a> (鄭州) | <a href="/wiki/Hua_Prefecture_(Henan)" title="Hua Prefecture (Henan)">Huázhōu</a> (滑州) | <a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mèngzhōu</a> (孟州) | <a href="/wiki/Runan_County" title="Runan County">Càizhōu</a> (蔡州) | <a href="/wiki/Chen_Prefecture_(Henan)" title="Chen Prefecture (Henan)">Chénzhōu</a> (陳州) | <a href="/wiki/Ying_Prefecture_(Anhui)" title="Ying Prefecture (Anhui)">Yǐngzhōu</a> (穎州) | <a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Rǔzhōu</a> (汝州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xìnyáng</a> (信陽)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hebei_Circuit" title="Hebei Circuit">Hebei</a> East (河北東)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Daming_County" title="Daming County">Dàmíng</a> (大名)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chan_Prefecture" title="Chan Prefecture">Chánzhōu</a> (澶州) | <a href="/wiki/Cang_Prefecture" title="Cang Prefecture">Cāngzhōu</a> (滄州) | Jìzhōu (冀州) | <a href="/wiki/Hejian" title="Hejian">Yíngzhōu</a> (瀛州) | <a href="/wiki/Bo_Prefecture_(Shandong)" title="Bo Prefecture (Shandong)">Bózhōu</a> (博州) | <a href="/wiki/Di_Prefecture" title="Di Prefecture">Dìzhōu</a> (棣州) | <a href="/wiki/Mo_Prefecture" title="Mo Prefecture">Mòzhōu</a> (莫州) | <a href="/wiki/Xiong_County" title="Xiong County">Xióngzhōu</a> (雄州) | <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0_Prefecture" title="Bà Prefecture">Bàzhōu</a> (霸州) | <a href="/wiki/De_Prefecture" title="De Prefecture">Dézhōu</a> (德州) | <a href="/wiki/Bin_Prefecture_(Shandong)" title="Bin Prefecture (Shandong)">Bīnzhōu</a> (濱州) | Ēnzhōu (恩州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Qing_County" title="Qing County">Qiánníng</a> (乾寧) | <a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Yǒngjìng</a> (永靜) | <a href="/wiki/Wen%27an_County" title="Wen'an County">Bǎodìng</a> (保定) | <a href="/wiki/Bazhou_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Bazhou City">Xìn'ān</a> (信安)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Hebei West (河北西)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Zhengding_County" title="Zhengding County">Zhēndìng</a> (真定)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Xiāngzhōu</a> (相州) | Dìngzhōu (定州) | <a href="/wiki/Xing_Prefecture_(Hebei)" title="Xing Prefecture (Hebei)">Xíngzhōu</a> (邢州) | <a href="/wiki/Huai_Prefecture" title="Huai Prefecture">Huáizhōu</a> (懷州) | Wèizhōu (衛州) | <a href="/wiki/Ming_Prefecture_(Hebei)" title="Ming Prefecture (Hebei)">Míngzhōu</a> (洺州) | <a href="/wiki/Shen_Prefecture" title="Shen Prefecture">Shēnzhōu</a> (深州) | <a href="/wiki/Ci_County" title="Ci County">Cízhōu</a> (磁州) | <a href="/wiki/Anguo" title="Anguo">Qízhōu</a> (祁州) | Zhàozhōu (趙州) | <a href="/wiki/Bao_Prefecture" title="Bao Prefecture">Bǎozhōu</a> (保州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Xushui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xushui District">Ānsù</a> (安肅) | <a href="/wiki/Li_County,_Hebei" title="Li County, Hebei">Yǒngníng</a> (永寧) | Guǎngxìn (廣信) | <a href="/wiki/Anxin_County" title="Anxin County">Shùn'ān</a> (順安)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Hedong (河東)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Tàiyuán</a> (太原)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Lùzhōu</a> (潞州) | <a href="/wiki/Jin_Prefecture_(Shanxi)" title="Jin Prefecture (Shanxi)">Jìnzhōu</a> (晉州) | <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_County" title="Xinjiang County">Jiàngzhōu</a> (絳州) | <a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Zézhōu</a> (澤州) | <a href="/wiki/Dai_Prefecture" title="Dai Prefecture">Dàizhōu</a> (代州) | <a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xīnzhōu</a> (忻州) | <a href="/wiki/Fen_Prefecture" title="Fen Prefecture">Fénzhōu</a> (汾州) | <a href="/wiki/Xiyang_County" title="Xiyang County">Liáozhōu</a> (遼州) | <a href="/wiki/Xianzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Xianzhou">Xiànzhōu</a> (憲州) | <a href="/wiki/Lan_Prefecture_(Shanxi)" title="Lan Prefecture (Shanxi)">Lánzhōu</a> (嵐州) | Shízhōu (石州) | <a href="/wiki/Xi_County,_Shanxi" title="Xi County, Shanxi">Xízhōu</a> (隰州) | <a href="/wiki/Shenmu" title="Shenmu">Línzhōu</a> (麟州) | Fǔzhōu (府州) | <a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Fēngzhōu</a> (豐州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Qin_County" title="Qin County">Wēishèng</a> (威勝) | <a href="/wiki/Pingding_County" title="Pingding County">Píngdìng</a> (平定) | <a href="/wiki/Kelan_County" title="Kelan County">Kělán</a> (岢嵐) | <a href="/wiki/Ningwu_County" title="Ningwu County">Nínghuà</a> (寧化) | <a href="/wiki/Hequ_County" title="Hequ County">Huǒshān</a> (火山) | <a href="/wiki/Baode_County" title="Baode County">Bǎodé</a> (保德)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Yongxing Army (永興軍)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jingzhao" title="Jingzhao">Jīngzhào</a> (京兆) | Hézhōng (河中)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Xìezhōu</a> (解州) | <a href="/wiki/Sh%C7%8En_Prefecture" title="Shǎn Prefecture">Shǎnzhōu</a> (陝州) | <a href="/wiki/Shangzhou_District" title="Shangzhou District">Shāngzhōu</a> (商州) | <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%B3_Prefecture" title="Guó Prefecture">Guózhōu</a> (虢州) | <a href="/wiki/Tong_Prefecture_(Shaanxi)" title="Tong Prefecture (Shaanxi)">Tóngzhōu</a> (同州) | <a href="/wiki/Hua_Prefecture_(Shaanxi)" title="Hua Prefecture (Shaanxi)">Huázhōu</a> (華州) | <a href="/wiki/Yaozhou_District" title="Yaozhou District">Yàozhōu</a> (耀州) |<a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yánzhōu</a> (延州) | <a href="/wiki/Fu_Prefecture_(Shaanxi)" title="Fu Prefecture (Shaanxi)">Fūzhōu</a> (鄜州) | <a href="/wiki/Huangling_County" title="Huangling County">Fāngzhōu</a> (坊州) | <a href="/wiki/Q%C3%ACng_Prefecture" title="Qìng Prefecture">Qìngzhōu</a> (慶州) | <a href="/wiki/Huan_County" title="Huan County">Huánzhōu</a> (環州) | <a href="/wiki/Bin_Prefecture_(Shaanxi)" title="Bin Prefecture (Shaanxi)">Bīnzhōu</a> (邠州) | <a href="/wiki/Ning_Prefecture" title="Ning Prefecture">Níngzhōu</a> (寧州) | <a href="/wiki/Danzhou_(modern_Shaanxi)" title="Danzhou (modern Shaanxi)">Dānzhōu</a> (丹州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Zhidan_County" title="Zhidan County">Bǎoān</a> (保安)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Qinfeng (秦鳳)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Fèngxiáng</a> (鳳翔)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Q%C3%ADn_Prefecture" title="Qín Prefecture">Qínzhōu</a> (秦州) | <a href="/wiki/Long_County,_Shaanxi" title="Long County, Shaanxi">Lǒngzhōu</a> (隴州) | <a href="/wiki/Cheng_County" title="Cheng County">Chéngzhōu</a> (成州) | <a href="/wiki/Feng_Prefecture_(Shaanxi)" title="Feng Prefecture (Shaanxi)">Fèngzhōu</a> (鳳州) | <a href="/wiki/Jing_Prefecture_(Gansu)" title="Jing Prefecture (Gansu)">Jīngzhōu</a> (涇州) | <a href="/wiki/Wei_Prefecture_(Gansu)" title="Wei Prefecture (Gansu)">Wèizhōu</a> (渭州) | <a href="/wiki/Zhenyuan_County,_Gansu" title="Zhenyuan County, Gansu">Yuánzhōu</a> (原州) | <a href="/wiki/Lintao_County" title="Lintao County">Xīzhōu</a> (熙州) | Hézhōu (河州) | <a href="/wiki/Min_County" title="Min County">Mínzhōu</a> (岷州) | Lánzhōu (蘭州) | <a href="/wiki/Jie_Prefecture_(Gansu)" title="Jie Prefecture (Gansu)">Jiēzhōu</a> (階州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Longde_County" title="Longde County">Déshùn</a> (德順) | <a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Zhènróng</a> (鎮戎) | <a href="/wiki/Longxi_County" title="Longxi County">Tōngyuǎn</a> (通遠)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Liangzhe_Circuit" title="Liangzhe Circuit">Liangzhe</a> (兩浙)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lower" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hang_Prefecture" title="Hang Prefecture">Hángzhōu</a> (杭州) | <a href="/wiki/Yue_Prefecture_(Zhejiang)" title="Yue Prefecture (Zhejiang)">Yuèzhōu</a> (越州) | <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Sūzhōu</a> (蘇州) | <a href="/wiki/Run_Prefecture" title="Run Prefecture">Rùnzhōu</a> (潤州) | <a href="/wiki/Hu_Prefecture" title="Hu Prefecture">Húzhōu</a> (湖州) | <a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Wùzhōu</a> (婺州) | <a href="/wiki/Ming_Prefecture_(Zhejiang)" title="Ming Prefecture (Zhejiang)">Míngzhōu</a> (明州) | <a href="/wiki/Wen_Prefecture_(Zhejiang)" title="Wen Prefecture (Zhejiang)">Wēnzhōu</a> (溫州) | <a href="/wiki/Linhai" title="Linhai">Táizhōu</a> (台州) | <a href="/wiki/Chu_Prefecture_(Zhejiang)" title="Chu Prefecture (Zhejiang)">Chǔzhōu</a> (處州) | <a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Qúzhōu</a> (衢州) | <a href="/wiki/Mu_Prefecture" title="Mu Prefecture">Mùzhōu</a> (睦州) | <a href="/wiki/Xiu_Prefecture" title="Xiu Prefecture">Xiùzhōu</a> (秀州) | <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A1ng_Prefecture" title="Cháng Prefecture">Chángzhōu</a> (常州)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Huainan_Circuit" title="Huainan Circuit">Huainan</a> East (淮南東)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lower" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Yángzhōu (揚州) | <a href="/wiki/Bo_Prefecture_(Anhui_and_Henan)" title="Bo Prefecture (Anhui and Henan)">Bózhōu</a> (亳州) | <a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Sùzhōu</a> (宿州) | <a href="/wiki/Chu_Prefecture_(Jiangsu)" title="Chu Prefecture (Jiangsu)">Chǔzhōu</a> (楚州) | <a href="/wiki/Hai_Prefecture" title="Hai Prefecture">Hǎizhōu</a> (海州) | <a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Tàizhōu</a> (泰州) | <a href="/wiki/Si_Prefecture_(Huai_valley)" class="mw-redirect" title="Si Prefecture (Huai valley)">Sìzhōu</a> (泗州) | <a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chúzhōu</a> (滁州) | <a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Zhēnzhōu</a> (真州) | <a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Tōngzhōu</a> (通州)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Huainan West (淮南西)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Shòuchūn (壽春)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lu_Prefecture_(Anhui)" title="Lu Prefecture (Anhui)">Lúzhōu</a> (廬州) | <a href="/wiki/Qizhou_(modern_Hubei)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qizhou (modern Hubei)">Qízhōu</a> (蘄州) | <a href="/wiki/Hezhou_(Anhui)" title="Hezhou (Anhui)">Hézhōu</a> (和州) | <a href="/wiki/Shu_Prefecture" title="Shu Prefecture">Shūzhōu</a> (舒州) | <a href="/wiki/Hao_Prefecture" title="Hao Prefecture">Háozhōu</a> (濠州) | <a href="/wiki/Gu%C4%81ng_Prefecture" title="Guāng Prefecture">Guāngzhōu</a>(光州) | <a href="/wiki/Huang_Prefecture" title="Huang Prefecture">Huángzhōu</a> (黃州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Wúwéi (無為)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_Circuit" title="Jiangnan Circuit">Jiangnan</a> East (江南東)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Jiāngníng</a> (江寧)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuánzhōu</a> (宣州) | <a href="/wiki/She_County,_Anhui" title="She County, Anhui">Shèzhōu</a> (歙州) | <a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chízhōu</a> (池州) | <a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiāngzhōu</a> (江州) | <a href="/wiki/Shangrao_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Shangrao County">Rāozhou</a> (饒州) | <a href="/wiki/Xin_River" title="Xin River">Xìnzhōu</a> (信州) | Tàipíngzhōu (太平州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Guangde_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangde County">Guǎngdé</a> (廣德) | <a href="/wiki/Lushan_City" title="Lushan City">Nánkāng</a> (南康)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Jiangnan West (江南西)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Hóngzhōu</a> (洪州) | <a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Qiánzhōu</a> (虔州) | <a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Jízhōu</a> (吉州) | <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Prefecture" title="Yuan Prefecture">Yuánzhōu</a> (袁州) | <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fǔzhōu</a> (撫州) | <a href="/wiki/Gao%27an" title="Gao'an">Yúnzhōu</a> (筠州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yangxin_County,_Hubei" title="Yangxin County, Hubei">Xīngguó</a> (興國) | <a href="/wiki/Dayu_County" title="Dayu County">Ānnán</a> (南安) | <a href="/wiki/Zhangshu" title="Zhangshu">Línjiāng</a> (臨江) | <a href="/wiki/Nancheng_County" title="Nancheng County">Jiànchāng</a> (建昌)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Jinghu_North_Circuit" title="Jinghu North Circuit">Jinghu North</a> (荊湖北)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangling_County" title="Jiangling County">Jiānglín</a> (江陵)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Wuchang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang District">Èzhōu</a> (鄂州) | <a href="/wiki/An_Prefecture" title="An Prefecture">Ānzhōu</a> (安州) | <a href="/wiki/Fu_Prefecture_(Hubei)" title="Fu Prefecture (Hubei)">Fùzhōu</a> (復州) | <a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Dǐngzhōu</a> (鼎州) | <a href="/wiki/Li_County,_Hunan" title="Li County, Hunan">Lǐzhōu</a> (澧州) | <a href="/wiki/Xi%C3%A1_Prefecture" title="Xiá Prefecture">Xiázhōu</a> (峽州) | <a href="/wiki/Yue_Prefecture_(Hunan)" title="Yue Prefecture (Hunan)">Yuèzhōu</a> (岳州) | <a href="/wiki/Gui_Prefecture_(Hubei)" title="Gui Prefecture (Hubei)">Guīzhōu</a> (歸州) | <a href="/wiki/Chenzhou_(modern_Huaihua,_Hunan)" title="Chenzhou (modern Huaihua, Hunan)">Chénzhōu</a> (辰州) | Yuánzhōu (沅州) | <a href="/wiki/Jingzhou_Miao_and_Dong_Autonomous_County" title="Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County">Chéngzhōu</a> (誠州)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Jinghu_South_Circuit" title="Jinghu South Circuit">Jinghu South</a> (荊湖南)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tan_Prefecture_(Hunan)" title="Tan Prefecture (Hunan)">Tánzhōu</a> (潭州) | <a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Héngzhōu</a> (衡州) | <a href="/wiki/Dao_Prefecture" title="Dao Prefecture">Dàozhōu</a> (道州) | <a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yǒngzhōu</a> (永州) | <a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chēnzhōu</a> (郴州) | <a href="/wiki/Shao_Prefecture" title="Shao Prefecture">Shàozhōu</a> (邵州) | <a href="/wiki/Quanzhou_County" title="Quanzhou County">Quánzhōu</a> (全州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inspectorate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Guiyang_County" title="Guiyang County">Guìyáng</a> (桂陽)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Fujian_Circuit" title="Fujian Circuit">Fujian</a> (福建)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fúzhōu</a> (福州) | <a href="/wiki/Jian%27ou" title="Jian'ou">Jiànzhōu</a> (建州) | <a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quánzhōu</a> (泉州) | <a href="/wiki/Yanping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanping District">Nánjiànzhōu</a> (南劍州) | <a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhāngzhōu</a> (漳州) | Tīngzhōu (汀州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Shaowu" title="Shaowu">Shàowǔ</a> (邵武) | <a href="/wiki/Xinghua_Prefecture" title="Xinghua Prefecture">Xīnghuà</a> (興化)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Chengdu (成都)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chéngdū</a> (成都)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Qiong_Prefecture_(Sichuan)" title="Qiong Prefecture (Sichuan)">Qióngzhōu</a> (邛州) | <a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Méizhōu</a> (眉州) | <a href="/wiki/Chongzhou" title="Chongzhou">Shǔzhōu</a> (蜀州) | <a href="/wiki/Pengzhou" title="Pengzhou">Péngzhōu</a> (彭州) | <a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Miánzhōu</a> (綿州) | <a href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Hànzhōu</a> (漢州) | <a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Jiāzhōu</a> (嘉州) | <a href="/wiki/Jianyang,_Sichuan" title="Jianyang, Sichuan">Jiǎnzhōu</a> (簡州) | Lízhōu (黎州) | <a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Yǎzhōu</a> (雅州) | <a href="/wiki/Mao_Prefecture" title="Mao Prefecture">Màozhōu</a> (茂州) | <a href="/wiki/Li_County,_Sichuan" title="Li County, Sichuan">Wēizhōu</a> (威州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_City" title="Dujiangyan City">Yǒngkāng</a> (永康) | <a href="/wiki/Anzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Anzhou District">Shíquán</a> (石泉)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inspectorate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Renshou_County" title="Renshou County">Língjǐng</a> (陵井)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Zizhou (梓州)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Santai_County" title="Santai County">Zǐzhōu</a> (梓州) | <a href="/wiki/Suinin" class="mw-redirect" title="Suinin">Suìzhōu</a> (遂州) | <a href="/wiki/Gu%C7%92_Prefecture" title="Guǒ Prefecture">Guǒzhōu</a> (果州) | <a href="/wiki/Zi_Prefecture_(Sichuan)" title="Zi Prefecture (Sichuan)">Zīzhōu</a> (資州) | <a href="/wiki/Pu_Prefecture_(Sichuan)" title="Pu Prefecture (Sichuan)">Pǔzhōu</a> (普州) | <a href="/wiki/Ch%C4%81ng_Prefecture" title="Chāng Prefecture">Chāngzhōu</a> (昌州) |<a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Róngzhōu</a> (戎州) | <a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Lúzhōu</a> (瀘州) | <a href="/wiki/Hezhou_(Chongqing)" title="Hezhou (Chongqing)">Hézhōu</a> (合州) | <a href="/wiki/Rong_County,_Sichuan" title="Rong County, Sichuan">Róngzhōu</a> (榮州) | <a href="/wiki/Qu_County" title="Qu County">Qúzhōu</a> (渠州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Huáiān (懷安) | <a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guǎng'ān</a> (廣安)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inspectorate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fushun_County,_Sichuan" title="Fushun County, Sichuan">Fùshùn</a> (富順)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Lizhou_Circuit" title="Lizhou Circuit">Lizhou</a> (利州)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Xīngyuán</a> (興元)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Lìzhōu</a> (利州) | <a href="/wiki/Yang_Prefecture_(Shaanxi)" title="Yang Prefecture (Shaanxi)">Yángzhōu</a> (洋州) | Làngzhōu (閬州) | <a href="/wiki/Jiange_County" title="Jiange County">Jiànzhōu</a> (劍州) | <a href="/wiki/B%C4%81_Prefecture" title="Bā Prefecture">Bāzhōu</a> (巴州) | <a href="/wiki/Wen_Prefecture_(Gansu)" title="Wen Prefecture (Gansu)">Wénzhōu</a> (文州) | <a href="/wiki/Xing_Prefecture_(Shaanxi)" title="Xing Prefecture (Shaanxi)">Xīngzhōu</a> (興州) | <a href="/wiki/Peng%27an_County" title="Peng'an County">Péngzhōu</a> (蓬州) | <a href="/wiki/Pingwu_County" title="Pingwu County">Lóngzhōu</a> (龍州)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Kuizhou (夔州)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kuizhou" title="Kuizhou">Kuízhōu</a> (夔州) | <a href="/wiki/Pengshui_Miao_and_Tujia_Autonomous_County" title="Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County">Qiánzhōu</a> (黔州) | <a href="/wiki/Enshi_City" title="Enshi City">Shīzhōu</a> (施州) | <a href="/wiki/Zhong_County" title="Zhong County">Zhōngzhōu</a> (忠州) | <a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wànzhōu</a> (萬州) | <a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dázhōu</a> (達州) | <a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fúzhōu</a> (涪州) | <a href="/wiki/Y%C3%BA_Prefecture" title="Yú Prefecture">Yúzhōu</a> (渝州) | <a href="/wiki/Kaizhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaizhou District">Kāizhōu</a> (開州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yunyang_County" title="Yunyang County">Yún'ān</a> (雲安) | <a href="/wiki/Liangping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liangping District">Liángshān</a> (梁山) | <a href="/wiki/Nanchuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanchuan District">Nánpíng</a> (南平)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inspectorate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Wuxi_County" title="Wuxi County">Dàníng</a> (大寧)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Guangnan_East_Circuit" title="Guangnan East Circuit">Guangnan East</a> (廣南東)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lower" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guǎngzhōu</a> (廣州) | <a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Sháozhōu</a> (韶州) | Xúnzhōu (循州) | <a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Cháozhōu</a> (潮州) | <a href="/wiki/Lian_Prefecture_(Guangdong)" title="Lian Prefecture (Guangdong)">Liánzhōu</a> (連州) | <a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Méizhōu</a> (梅州) | <a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Xióngzhōu</a> (雄州) | <a href="/wiki/Ying_Prefecture_(Guangdong)" title="Ying Prefecture (Guangdong)">Yīngzhōu</a> (英州) | <a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hèzhōu</a> (賀州) | <a href="/wiki/Feng_Prefecture_(Guangdong)" title="Feng Prefecture (Guangdong)">Fēngzhōu</a> (封州) | <a href="/wiki/Duan_Prefecture" title="Duan Prefecture">Duānzhōu</a> (端州) | <a href="/wiki/Xinxing_County" title="Xinxing County">Xīnzhōu</a> (新州) | <a href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Kāngzhōu</a> (康州) | <a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Nán'ēnzhōu</a> (南恩州) | <a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huìzhōu</a> (惠州)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Guangnan_West_Circuit" title="Guangnan West Circuit">Guangnan West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gui_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Gui Prefecture (Guangxi)">Guìzhōu</a> (桂州) | <a href="/wiki/Rong_County,_Guangxi" title="Rong County, Guangxi">Róngzhōu</a> (容州) | <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Yōngzhōu</a> (邕州) | <a href="/wiki/Rongshui_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Rongshui Miao Autonomous County">Róngzhōu</a> (融州) | <a href="/wiki/Xiangzhou_County" title="Xiangzhou County">Xiàngzhōu</a> (象州) | <a href="/wiki/Pingle_County" title="Pingle County">Zhāozhōu</a> (昭州) | <a href="/wiki/Teng_County" title="Teng County">Téngzhōu</a> (藤州) | <a href="/wiki/Gong_Prefecture" title="Gong Prefecture">Gōngzhōu</a> (龔州) | <a href="/wiki/Guiping" title="Guiping">Xúnzhōu</a> (潯州) | <a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liǔzhōu</a> (柳州) | Guìzhōu (貴州) | <a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yízhōu</a> (宜州) | <a href="/wiki/Binyang_County" title="Binyang County">Bīnzhōu</a> (賓州) | <a href="/wiki/Heng_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Heng County">Héngzhōu</a> (橫州) | <a href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huàzhōu</a> (化州) | <a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gāozhōu</a> (高州) | <a href="/wiki/Lei_Prefecture" title="Lei Prefecture">Léizhōu</a> (雷州) | <a href="/wiki/Q%C4%ABn_Prefecture" title="Qīn Prefecture">Qīnzhōu</a> (欽州) | <a href="/wiki/Bai_Prefecture" title="Bai Prefecture">Báizhōu</a> (白州) | <a href="/wiki/Yulin_Prefecture" title="Yulin Prefecture">Yùlínzhōu</a> (鬱林州) | <a href="/wiki/Lian_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Lian Prefecture (Guangxi)">Liánzhōu</a> (廉州) | <a href="/wiki/Qiong_Prefecture_(Hainan)" title="Qiong Prefecture (Hainan)">Qióngzhōu</a> (瓊州)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Chānghuà</a> (昌化) | <a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning">Wàn'ān</a> (萬安) | Zhūyái (朱崖)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Timelines_of_Chinese_history" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Timelines_of_Chinese_history" title="Template:Timelines of Chinese history"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Timelines_of_Chinese_history" title="Template talk:Timelines of Chinese history"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Timelines_of_Chinese_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Timelines of Chinese history"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Timelines_of_Chinese_history" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Chinese_history" title="Timeline of Chinese history">Timelines of Chinese history</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Warring_States_and_the_Qin_dynasty" title="Timeline of the Warring States and the Qin dynasty">Warring States and Qin dynasty</a> (5th century–207 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Chu%E2%80%93Han_Contention" title="Timeline of the Chu–Han Contention">Chu–Han Contention</a> (206–202 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="Timeline of the Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> (202 BC–AD 9, AD 25–220)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Three_Kingdoms_period" title="Timeline of the Three Kingdoms period">Three Kingdoms</a> (220–280)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)_and_the_Sixteen_Kingdoms_(304%E2%80%93439)" title="Timeline of the Jin dynasty (266–420) and the Sixteen Kingdoms (304–439)">Jin dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms</a> (266–439)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Northern_and_Southern_dynasties" title="Timeline of the Northern and Southern dynasties">Northern and Southern dynasties</a> (420–589)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Sui_dynasty" title="Timeline of the Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a> (581–619)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Timeline of the Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–690, 705–907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms" title="Timeline of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms</a> (907–979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Early Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jin%E2%80%93Song_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Jin–Song Wars">Jin–Song Wars</a> (1125–1234)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Yuan_dynasty" title="Timeline of the Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> (1271–1368)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Northern_Yuan" title="Timeline of the Northern Yuan">Northern Yuan</a> (1368–1635)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Ming_dynasty" title="Timeline of the Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (1368–1644)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Ming_treasure_voyages" title="Timeline of the Ming treasure voyages">Treasure voyages</a> (1405–1433)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%931598)" title="Timeline of the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)">Japanese invasions of Korea</a> (1592–1598)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Qing_dynasty" title="Timeline of the Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> (1636–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Republic_of_China_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Republic of China history">Republic of China</a> (1912–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Chinese_Civil_War" title="Timeline of the Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> (1927-1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Fuzhou" title="Timeline of Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Guangzhou" title="Timeline of Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hangzhou" title="Timeline of Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hong_Kong_history" title="Timeline of Hong Kong history">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Nanjing" title="Timeline of Nanjing">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Shanghai" title="Timeline of Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Taiwanese_history" title="Timeline of Taiwanese history">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Tibetan_history" title="Timeline of Tibetan history">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Yunnan-Guizhou" title="Timeline of Yunnan-Guizhou">Yunnan-Guizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Xinjiang_under_Qing_rule" title="Timeline of Xinjiang under Qing rule">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Non-Han ethnicities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Vietnam_under_Chinese_rule" title="Timeline of Vietnam under Chinese rule">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_timeline" title="Uyghur timeline">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Khitans" title="Timeline of the Khitans">Khitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Tanguts" title="Timeline of the Tanguts">Tangut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jurchens" title="Timeline of the Jurchens">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mongols_prior_to_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Timeline of Mongols prior to the Mongol Empire">Mongol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Xiongnu" title="Timeline of the Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Timeline of the Göktürks">Göktürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Timeline of the Türgesh">Turgesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Karluks" title="Timeline of the Karluks">Karluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Tibetan_Empire" title="Timeline of the Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Era_of_Fragmentation" title="Timeline of the Era of Fragmentation">Fragmentation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Timeline of the Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Oirats" title="Timeline of the Oirats">Oirat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Neighboring countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Korean_history" title="Timeline of Korean history">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Vietnamese_history" title="Timeline of Vietnamese history">Vietnam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_early_independent_Vietnam" title="Timeline of early independent Vietnam">Early independent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Timeline of the Lý dynasty">Lý</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Japanese_history" title="Timeline of Japanese history">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mongolian_history" title="Timeline of Mongolian history">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Pakistani_history" title="Timeline of Pakistani history">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Indian_history" title="Timeline of Indian history">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_history" title="Timeline of Russian history">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Chinese_texts" title="Timeline of Chinese texts">Chinese texts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&oldid=1258866449">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Song_dynasty&oldid=1258866449</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Song_dynasty" title="Category:Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a></li><li><a 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