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Iqbal</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Sanaullah Iqbal"> <meta name="keywords" content="Sanaullah Iqbal"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Sanaullah Iqbal"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 185</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Sanaullah Iqbal</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> The Death of God: Between Nietzsche and Muhammad Iqbal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maruf%20Hasan">Maruf Hasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article will investigate how Muhammad Iqbal integrated key aspects of Nietzsche's philosophy into Islamic spirituality. At the same time, it sees how Iqbal developed a Tawhidic paradigm which differed from Nietzsche's atheism. The literary study of Nietzsche and Iqbal's texts, as well as their influence on Western and Muslim discourse, are used in this study as part of a qualitative research methodology. The result is that Iqbal accepted most of Nietzsche's ideas, while affirming Islamic Aqida. The article's conclusion is that, so long as a Tawhidic paradigm is upheld, there are no restrictions on the integration of knowledge. Iqbal's writings serve as a template for the fusion of Western and Islamic thought, presenting a solution to the apparent incompatibility of these two sets of beliefs. In order to deepen our awareness of the world and foster respect and understanding among cultures and religions, this research emphasizes the value of connecting with other perspectives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nietzsche" title="Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Iqbal" title=" Muhammad Iqbal"> Muhammad Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-Islamism" title=" post-Islamism"> post-Islamism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-Islamism%20interpretative%20approach" title=" post-Islamism interpretative approach"> post-Islamism interpretative approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165668/the-death-of-god-between-nietzsche-and-muhammad-iqbal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165668.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">184</span> Iqbal's Philosophy of Action in the Light of Contemporary Philosophy of Action</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevcan%20Ozturk">Sevcan Ozturk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to analyze the twentieth-century Muslim philosopher Muhammad Iqbal’s philosophy of action in the light of the main issues of contemporary philosophy of action. Iqbal is one of the most celebrated and eminent figures of modern Islamic thought. However, a review of the works on Iqbal shows that most of the central concepts of his philosophy have not received enough attention. His notion of ‘action’ in its philosophical context is one of these concepts. One of the main characteristics of Iqbal’s approach is that he develops his discussion around the main themes of contemporary philosophy of action, which includes ontological and conceptual questions regarding the nature of human actions. He also discusses that action is the only way to develop human personality, and that the human being can only achieve immortality promised by Islam through his actions. Therefore, while presenting an approach that can be read in the light of contemporary philosophy of action, which has become one of the significant parts of modern philosophical discussions in the west particularly since the nineteenth century, he, at the same time, develops his own philosophy of action in the light of Islamic resources. Consequently, these two main characteristics of his discussion of the notion of action make his philosophy of action an important contribution to contemporary philosophy of action, a field that ignores the discussions of Muslim philosophers on action. Therefore, this paper aims at highlighting Iqbal’s contribution to the modern debate of action by analysing Iqbal’s notion of action in the light of the contemporary issues of philosophy of action. This will, first of all, include an examination of contemporary action theory. Although the main discussions of contemporary philosophy of action will provide the methodology of this study, the main paradigms of Iqbal’s approach to the notion of action will also be considered during the examination of the discussions of philosophy of action. Then, Iqbal’s own philosophy of action will be established in the light of the contemporary philosophy of action. It is hoped that this paper will cultivate a dialogue between Iqbal scholars and those working in the field of philosophy of action, and that it will be a contribution to the fields of Iqbal studies, philosophy of action, and intercultural philosophy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=action" title="action">action</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20of%20personality" title=" development of personality"> development of personality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Iqbal" title=" Muhammad Iqbal"> Muhammad Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy%20of%20action" title=" philosophy of action"> philosophy of action</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64781/iqbals-philosophy-of-action-in-the-light-of-contemporary-philosophy-of-action" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">183</span> A Kierkegaardian Reading of Iqbal's Poetry as a Communicative Act</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevcan%20Ozturk">Sevcan Ozturk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The overall aim of this paper is to present a Kierkegaardian approach to Iqbal’s use of literature as a form of communication. Despite belonging to different historical, cultural, and religious backgrounds, the philosophical approaches of Soren Kierkegaard, ‘the father of existentialism,' and Muhammad Iqbal ‘the spiritual father of Pakistan’ present certain parallels. Both Kierkegaard and Iqbal take human existence as the starting point for their reflections, emphasise the subject of becoming genuine religious personalities, and develop a notion of the self. While doing these they both adopt parallel methods, employ literary techniques and poetical forms, and use their literary works as a form of communication. The problem is that Iqbal does not provide a clear account of his method as Kierkegaard does in his works. As a result, Iqbal’s literary approach appears to be a collection of contradictions. This is mainly because despite he writes most of his works in the poetical form, he condemns all kinds of art including poetry. Moreover, while attacking on Islamic mysticism, he, at the same time, uses classical literary forms, and a number of traditional mystical, poetic symbols. This paper will argue that the contradictions found in Iqbal’s approach are actually a significant part of Iqbal’s way of communicating his reader. It is the contention of this paper that with the help of the parallels between the literary and philosophical theories of Kierkegaard and Iqbal, the application of Kierkegaard’s method to Iqbal’s use of poetry as a communicative act will make it possible to dispel the seeming ambiguities in Iqbal’s literary approach. The application of Kierkegaard’s theory to Iqbal’s literary method will include an analysis of the main principles of Kierkegaard’s own literary technique of ‘indirect communication,' which is a crucial term of his existentialist philosophy. Second, the clash between what Iqbal’s says about art and poetry and what he does will be highlighted in the light of Kierkegaardian theory of indirect communication. It will be argued that Iqbal’s literary technique can be considered as a form of ‘indirect communication,' and that reading his technique in this way helps on dispelling the contradictions in his approach. It is hoped that this paper will cultivate a dialogue between those who work in the fields of comparative philosophy Kierkegaard studies, existentialism, contemporary Islamic thought, Iqbal studies, and literary criticism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20philosophy" title="comparative philosophy">comparative philosophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=existentialism" title=" existentialism"> existentialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indirect%20communication" title=" indirect communication"> indirect communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercultural%20philosophy" title=" intercultural philosophy"> intercultural philosophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literary%20communication" title=" literary communication"> literary communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Iqbal" title=" Muhammad Iqbal"> Muhammad Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soren%20Kierkegaard" title=" Soren Kierkegaard"> Soren Kierkegaard</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64245/a-kierkegaardian-reading-of-iqbals-poetry-as-a-communicative-act" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> Freedom, Thought, and the Will: A Philosophical Reconstruction of Muhammad Iqbal’s Conception of Human Agency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anwar%20ul%20Haq">Anwar ul Haq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Muhammad Iqbal was arguably the most significant South Asian Islamic philosopher of the last two centuries. While he is the most revered philosopher of the region, particularly in Pakistan, he is probably the least studied philosopher outside the region. The paper offers a philosophical reconstruction of Iqbal’s view of human agency; it has three sections. Section 1 focuses on Iqbal’s starting point of reflection in practical philosophy (inspired by Kant): our consciousness of ourselves as free agents. The paper brings out Iqbal’s continuity with Kant but also his divergence, in particular his non-Kantian view that we possess a non-sensory intuition of ourselves as free personal causes. It also offer an argument on Iqbal’s behalf for this claim, which is meant as a defense against a Kantian objection to the possibility of intuition of freedom and a skeptic’s challenge to the possibility of freedom in general. Remaining part of the paper offers a reconstruction of Iqbal’s two preconditions of the possibility of free agency. Section 2 discusses the first precondition, namely, the unity of consciousness involved in thought (this is a precondition of agency whether or not it is free). The unity has two aspects, a quantitative (or numerical) aspect and a qualitative (or rational) one. Section 2 offers a defense of these two aspects of the unity of consciousness presupposed by agency by focusing, with Iqbal, on the case of inference.Section 3 discusses a second precondition of the possibility of free agency, that thought and will must be identical in a free agent. Iqbal offers this condition in relief against Bergson’s view. Bergson (on Iqbal’s reading of him) argues that freedom of the will is possible only if the will’s ends are entirely its own and are wholly undetermined by anything from without, not even by thought. Iqbal observes that Bergson’s position ends in an insurmountable dualism of will and thought. Bergson’s view, Iqbal argues in particular, rests on an untenable conception of what an end consists in. An end, correctly understood, is framed by a thinking faculty, the intellect, and not by an extra-rational faculty. The present section outlines Iqbal’s argument for this claim, which rests on the premise that ends possess a certain unity which is intrinsic to particular ends and holds together different ends, and this unity is none other than the quantitative and qualitative unity of a thinking consciousness but in its practical application. Having secured the rational origin of ends, Iqbal argues that a free will must be identical with thought, or else it will be determined from without and won’t be free on that account. Freedom of the self is not a freedom from thought but a freedom in thought: it involves the ability to live a thoughtful life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iqbal" title="iqbal">iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom" title=" freedom"> freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=will" title=" will"> will</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self" title=" self"> self</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172247/freedom-thought-and-the-will-a-philosophical-reconstruction-of-muhammad-iqbals-conception-of-human-agency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">181</span> Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of Rutin in Cheddar Cheese</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haroon%20Jamshaid%20Qazi">Haroon Jamshaid Qazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namrah%20Wahid"> Namrah Wahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanaullah%20Iqbal"> Sanaullah Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raheel%20Suleman"> Raheel Suleman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the current study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Rutin in cheddar cheese. The study was conducted by adding the Rutin in the cheddar cheese in different concentrations according to experimental design, i.e., T1 (20 ppm Rutin), T2 (40 ppm Rutin), T3 (60 ppm Rutin), T4 (80 ppm Rutin). BHT was taken as a positive control at a concentration of 200 ppm, and negative control had neither Rutin nor BHT. The ripening time for cheeses was 90 days at a temperature of 8°C. The results of the various antioxidants assays (Total phenolic contents (TPC) and Antioxidant activity (AA), with storage stability tests (Anisidine value (AV) and Thiobarbituric acid value (TBARS)) performed during different storage intervals 0, 30, 60 and 90 days exhibited that AA in linoleic acid and TPC were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by the addition of rutin to cheese at all concentrations. Moreover, significant reduction in the TBARS values was also observed during the storage period. Rutin also showed a good potential to inhibit the microbial proliferation in the treated samples of cheese. There was a significant decreasing trend seen in total plate count and yeasts and molds count. The sensorial attributes i.e., color, flavor, odor and overall acceptability were increased after adding Rutin to cheddar cheese. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cheddar%20cheese" title="cheddar cheese">cheddar cheese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rutin" title=" Rutin"> Rutin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title=" antimicrobial"> antimicrobial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83555/evaluation-of-antioxidant-and-antimicrobial-potential-of-rutin-in-cheddar-cheese" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">180</span> Production of Buttermilk as a Bio-Active Functional Food by Utilizing Dairy Waste </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafsa%20Tahir">Hafsa Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanaullah%20Iqbal"> Sanaullah Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glactooligosaccharide (GOS) is a type of prebiotic which is mainly found in human milk. GOS belongs to those bacteria which stimulates the growth of beneficial bacteria in human intestines. The aim of the present study was to develop a value-added product by producing prebiotic (GOS) in buttermilk through trans galactosylation. Buttermilk is considered as an industrial waste which is discarded after the production of butter and cream. It contains protein, minerals, vitamins and a smaller amount of fat. Raw milk was pasteurized at 100º C for butter production and then trans galactosylation process was induced in the butter milk thus obtained to produce prebiotic GOS. Results showed that the enzyme (which was obtained from bacterial strain of Esecrshia coli and has a gene of Lactobacillus reuteri L103) concentration between 400-600µl/5ml can produce GOS in 30 minutes. Chemical analysis and sensory evaluation of plain and GOS containing buttermilk showed no remarkable difference in their composition. Furthermore, the shelf-life study showed that there was non-significant (P>0.05) difference in glass and pouch packaging of buttermilk. Buttermilk in pouch packaging maintained its stability for 6 days without the addition of preservatives. Therefore it is recommended that GOS enriched buttermilk which is generally considered as a processing waste in dairy manufacturing can be turned into a cost-effective nutritional functional food product. This will not only enhance the production efficiency of butter processing but also will create a new market opportunity for dairy manufacturers all over the world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buttermilk" title="buttermilk">buttermilk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=galactooligosaccharide" title=" galactooligosaccharide"> galactooligosaccharide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shelf%20Life" title=" shelf Life"> shelf Life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transgalactosylation" title=" transgalactosylation"> transgalactosylation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57789/production-of-buttermilk-as-a-bio-active-functional-food-by-utilizing-dairy-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">179</span> Ideology versus Faith in the Collective Political Identity Formation: An Analysis of the Thoughts of Iqbal and Jinnah-The Founding Fathers of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sajjad-ur-Rehman">Muhammad Sajjad-ur-Rehman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pakistan was meant to be a progressive modern Muslim nation state since its inception in 1947. Its birth was a big hope for the Muslims of Sub-continent to transform their societies on Islamic lines—the promise which made them unite and vote for Pakistan during independence movement. This was the vision put forwarded by Allama Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah—the two founding fathers of Pakistan. Dwelling on interpretive/ analytical approach, this paper analyzes the thoughts and reflections of Iqbal and Jinnah to understand the issues of collective identity formation in Pakistan. It argues that there may be traced two distinct identity models in the thoughts and reflections of these two leading figures of Pakistan movement: First may be called as ‘faith-based identity model’ while the other may be named as ‘interests-based identity model’. These can also be entitled as ‘Islam-as-faith model’ and ‘Islam-as-ideology model’. Former seeks the diffusion of power by cultural/ faith based means and thus society remains independent in determining its change. While the later goes on to open and expand the power realm by maximizing the role of state in determining the social change. With the help of these models, it can better be explained that what made Pakistani society fail in the collective political identity construction, hindering thus the political potential of the society to be utilized for initiating state formation and societal growth. As a result, today, we see a state that is often rebelled and resisted on the name of ethnicity, religion and sectarianism on one hand and by the ordinary folk when and wherever possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idealogy" title="idealogy">idealogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iqbal" title=" Iqbal"> Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinnah" title=" Jinnah"> Jinnah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194147/ideology-versus-faith-in-the-collective-political-identity-formation-an-analysis-of-the-thoughts-of-iqbal-and-jinnah-the-founding-fathers-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">178</span> Re-Visiting Rumi and Iqbal on Self-Enhancement for Social Responsibility</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javed%20Y.%20Uppal">Javed Y. Uppal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The background of this study is the great degree of stress that the world is experiencing today, internationally among the countries, within a community among people, and even individually within one’s own self. The significance of the study is the attempt to find a solution of this stress in the philosophy of the olden times of Jalaluddin Rumi and comparatively recently of that of Allama Iqbal. The methodology adopted in this paper is firstly exploration of the perspectives of these philosophers that are being consolidated by a number of psychic and spiritual experts of today, who are being widely read but less followed. This paper further goes on presenting brief life sketches of Rumi and Iqbal. It expounds the key concepts proposed by them and the social change that was resulted in the times of the two above mentioned metaphysical philosophers. It is further amplified that with the recent advancements, in both metaphysics and the physical sciences, the gap between the two is closing down. Both Rumi and Iqbal emphasized their common essence. The old time's concepts, postulates, and philosophies are hence once again becoming valid. The findings of this paper are that the existence of human empathy, affection and mutual social attraction among humans is still valid. The positive inner belief system that dictates our thoughts and actions is vital. As a conclusion, empathy should enable us solving our problems collectively. We need to strengthen our inner communication system, to listen to the messages that come to our inner-selves. We need to get guidance and strength from them. We need to value common needs and purposes collectively to achieve results. Spiritual energy among us is to be harnessed and utilized. Connectivity is to be recognized to unify and strengthen ties among people. Mutual bonding at small and large group levels is to be employed for the survival of the disadvantaged, and sustainability of the empowering trends. With the above guidelines, hopefully, we can define a framework towards a brave and happy new humane world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=belief%20system" title="belief system">belief system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connectivity" title=" connectivity"> connectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20empathy" title=" human empathy"> human empathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inner-self" title=" inner-self"> inner-self</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutual%20bonding" title=" mutual bonding"> mutual bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spiritual%20energy" title=" spiritual energy"> spiritual energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100099/re-visiting-rumi-and-iqbal-on-self-enhancement-for-social-responsibility" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">177</span> Emotional Intelligence and Age in Open Distance Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naila%20Naseer">Naila Naseer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emotional Intelligence (EI) concept is not new yet unique and interesting. EI is a person’s ability to be aware of his/her own emotions and to manage, handle and communicate emotions with others effectively. The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between emotional intelligence and age of graduate level students at Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU). Population consisted of Allama Iqbal Open University students (B.Ed 3rd Semester, Autumn 2007) from Rawalpindi and Islamabad regions. Total number of sample consisted of 469 participants was randomly drawn out by using table of random numbers. Bar-On EQ-i was administered on the participants through personal contact. The instrument was also validated through pilot study on a random sample of 50 participants (B.Ed students Spring 2006), who had completed their B.Ed degree successfully. Data was analyzed and tabulated in percentages, frequencies, mean, standard deviation, correlation, and scatter gram in SPSS (version 16.0 for windows). The results revealed that students with higher age group had scored low on the scale (Bar-On EQ-i). Moreover, the students in low age groups exhibited higher levels of EI as compared with old age students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotional%20intelligence" title="emotional intelligence">emotional intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20level" title=" age level"> age level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion-related%20feelings" title=" emotion-related feelings "> emotion-related feelings </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22452/emotional-intelligence-and-age-in-open-distance-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">176</span> Landfill Site Selection Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis A Case Study for Gulshan-e-Iqbal Town, Karachi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javeria%20Arain">Javeria Arain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Malik"> Saad Malik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The management of solid waste is a crucial and essential aspect of urban environmental management especially in a city with an ever increasing population such as Karachi. The total amount of municipal solid waste generated from Gulshan e Iqbal town on average is 444.48 tons per day and landfill sites are a widely accepted solution for final disposal of this waste. However, an improperly selected site can have immense environmental, economical and ecological impacts. To select an appropriate landfill site a number of factors should be kept into consideration to minimize the potential hazards of solid waste. The purpose of this research is to analyse the study area for the construction of an appropriate landfill site for disposal of municipal solid waste generated from Gulshan e-Iqbal Town by using geospatial techniques considering hydrological, geological, social and geomorphological factors. This was achieved using analytical hierarchy process and fuzzy analysis as a decision support tool with integration of geographic information sciences techniques. Eight most critical parameters, relevant to the study area, were selected. After generation of thematic layers for each parameter, overlay analysis was performed in ArcGIS 10.0 software. The results produced by both methods were then compared with each other and the final suitability map using AHP shows that 19% of the total area is Least Suitable, 6% is Suitable but avoided, 46% is Moderately Suitable, 26% is Suitable, 2% is Most Suitable and 1% is Restricted. In comparison the output map of fuzzy set theory is not in crisp logic rather it provides an output map with a range of 0-1, where 0 indicates least suitable and 1 indicates most suitable site. Considering the results it is deduced that the northern part of the city is appropriate for constructing the landfill site though a final decision for an optimal site could be made after field survey and considering economical and political factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Analytical%20Hierarchy%20Process%20%28AHP%29" title="Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)">Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20set%20theory" title=" fuzzy set theory"> fuzzy set theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geographic%20Information%20Sciences%20%28GIS%29" title=" Geographic Information Sciences (GIS)"> Geographic Information Sciences (GIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multi-Criteria%20Decision%20Analysis%20%28MCDA%29" title=" Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)"> Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22219/landfill-site-selection-using-multi-criteria-decision-analysis-a-case-study-for-gulshan-e-iqbal-town-karachi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">175</span> Correlation between Microalbuminuria and Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetic Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alia%20Ali">Alia Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azeem%20Taj"> Azeem Taj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammed%20Joher%20Amin"> Muhammed Joher Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farrukh%20Iqbal"> Farrukh Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Iqbal"> Zafar Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Hypertension is commonly found in patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). Microalbuminuria is the first clinical sign of involvement of kidneys in patients with type 2 diabetes. Uncontrolled hypertension induces a higher risk of cardiovascular events, including death, increasing proteinuria and progression to kidney disease. Objectives: To determine the correlation between microalbuminuria and hypertension and their association with other risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: One hundred and thirteen type 2 diabetic patients were screened for microalbuminuria and raised blood pressure, attending the diabetic clinic of Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. The study was conducted from November 2012 to June 2013. Results: Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1, those with normoalbuminuria (n=63) and Group 2, those having microalbuminuria (n=50). Group 2 patients showed higher blood pressure values as compared to Group 1. The results were statistically significant and showed poor glycemic control as a contributing risk factor. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is high frequency of hypertension among type 2 diabetics but still much higher among those having microalbuminuria. So, early recognition of renal dysfunction through detection of microalbuminuria and to start treatment without any delay will confer future protection from end-stage renal disease as well as hypertension and its complications in type 2 diabetic patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertension" title="hypertension">hypertension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalbuminuria" title=" microalbuminuria"> microalbuminuria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20kidney%20disease" title=" diabetic kidney disease"> diabetic kidney disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20Diabetes%20mellitus" title=" type 2 Diabetes mellitus"> type 2 Diabetes mellitus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9924/correlation-between-microalbuminuria-and-hypertension-in-type-2-diabetic-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">174</span> A New 3D Shape Descriptor Based on Multi-Resolution and Multi-Block CS-LBP</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nihad%20Karim%20Chowdhury">Nihad Karim Chowdhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Sanaullah%20Chowdhury"> Mohammad Sanaullah Chowdhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammed%20Jamshed%20Alam%20Patwary"> Muhammed Jamshed Alam Patwary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubel%20Biswas"> Rubel Biswas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In content-based 3D shape retrieval system, achieving high search performance has become an important research problem. A challenging aspect of this problem is to find an effective shape descriptor which can discriminate similar shapes adequately. To address this problem, we propose a new shape descriptor for 3D shape models by combining multi-resolution with multi-block center-symmetric local binary pattern operator. Given an arbitrary 3D shape, we first apply pose normalization, and generate a set of multi-viewed 2D rendered images. Second, we apply Gaussian multi-resolution filter to generate several levels of images from each of 2D rendered image. Then, overlapped sub-images are computed for each image level of a multi-resolution image. Our unique multi-block CS-LBP comes next. It allows the center to be composed of m-by-n rectangular pixels, instead of a single pixel. This process is repeated for all the 2D rendered images, derived from both ‘depth-buffer’ and ‘silhouette’ rendering. Finally, we concatenate all the features vectors into one dimensional histogram as our proposed 3D shape descriptor. Through several experiments, we demonstrate that our proposed 3D shape descriptor outperform the previous methods by using a benchmark dataset. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20shape%20retrieval" title="3D shape retrieval">3D shape retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20shape%20descriptor" title=" 3D shape descriptor"> 3D shape descriptor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CS-LBP" title=" CS-LBP"> CS-LBP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overlapped%20sub-images" title=" overlapped sub-images"> overlapped sub-images</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40165/a-new-3d-shape-descriptor-based-on-multi-resolution-and-multi-block-cs-lbp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">173</span> Infectivity of Hyalomma Ticks for Theileria annulata Using 18s rRNA PCR </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20S.%20Sajid">Muhammad S. Sajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Iqbal"> A. Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kausar"> A. Kausar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jawad-ul-Hassan"> M. Jawad-ul-Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Iqbal"> Z. Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20M.%20Rizwan"> Hafiz M. Rizwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Saqib"> M. Saqib </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among the ixodid ticks, species of genus Hyalomma are of prime importance as they can survive in harsh conditions better than those of other species. Similarly, among various tick-borne pathogens, Theileria (T.) annulata, the causative agent of tropical theileriosis in large ruminants, is responsible for reduced productivity and ultimately substantial economic losses due to morbidity and mortality. The present study was planned to screening of vector ticks through molecular techniques for determination of tick-borne theileriosis in district Toba Tek Singh (T. T. Singh), Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, among the collected ticks (n = 2252) from livestock and their microclimate, Hyalomma spp. were subjected to dissection for procurement of salivary glands (SGs) and formation of pool (averaged 8 acini in each pool). Each pool of acini was used for DNA extraction, quantification and primer-specific amplification of 18S rRNA of Theileria (T.) annulata. The amplicons were electrophoresed using 1.8% agarose gel following by imaging to identify the band specific for T. annulata. For confirmation, the positive amplicons were subjected to sequencing, BLAST analysis and homology search using NCBI software. The number of Theileria-infected acini was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in female ticks vs male ticks, infesting ticks vs questing ticks and riverine-collected vs non-riverine collected. The data provides first attempt to quantify the vectoral capacity of ixodid ticks in Pakistan for T. annulata which can be helpful in estimation of risk analysis of theileriosis to the domestic livestock population of the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyalomma%20anatolicum" title="Hyalomma anatolicum">Hyalomma anatolicum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ixodids" title=" ixodids"> ixodids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCR" title=" PCR"> PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theileria%20annulata" title=" Theileria annulata"> Theileria annulata</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69572/infectivity-of-hyalomma-ticks-for-theileria-annulata-using-18s-rrna-pcr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">172</span> Influence of Pseudomonas japonica on Growth and Metal Tolerance of Celosia cristata L.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umair%20Mushtaq">Muhammad Umair Mushtaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ameena%20Iqbal"> Ameena Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Aqib%20Hassan%20Ali%20Khan"> Muhammad Aqib Hassan Ali Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismat%20Nawaz"> Ismat Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohail%20Yousaf"> Sohail Yousaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazhar%20Iqbal"> Mazhar Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals are one of the priority pollutants as they pose serious health and environmental threats. They can be removed by various physiochemical methods but are costly and responsible for additional environmental problems. Bioremediation that exploits plants and their associated microbes have been referred as cost effective and environmental friendly technique. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate the potential of Celosia cristata and effects of bacteria, Pseudomonas japonica, and organic amendment moss/compost on tolerating/accumulating heavy metals. Two weeks old seedlings were transferred to soil in pots, and after four weeks they were inoculated with bacterial strain, while after growth of six weeks they were watered with a metal containing synthetic wastewater and were harvested after a growth period of nine weeks. After harvesting, morphological and physiological parameters and metal content of plants were measured. The results showed highest plant growth and biomass production in case of organic amendments while highest metal uptake has been found in non-amended pots. Positive controls have shown highest Pb uptake of 2900 mg/kg DW, while P. japonica amended pots have shown highest Cd, Cr, Ni and Cu uptake of 963.53, 1481.17, 1022.01 and 602.17 mg/kg DW, respectively. In conclusion organic amendments have strong impacts on growth enhancement while P. japonica enhances metal translocation and accumulation to aerial parts with little significant involvement in plant growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ornamental%20plants" title="ornamental plants">ornamental plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20microbe%20interaction" title=" plant microbe interaction"> plant microbe interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amendments" title=" amendments"> amendments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title=" bacteria"> bacteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71841/influence-of-pseudomonas-japonica-on-growth-and-metal-tolerance-of-celosia-cristata-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">171</span> Evaluation of Commercial Herbicides for Weed Control and Yield under Direct Dry Seeded Rice Cultivation System in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanaullah%20Jalil">Sanaullah Jalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abid%20Majeed"> Abid Majeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Haider%20Abbas"> Syed Haider Abbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Direct dry seeded rice cultivation system is an emerging production technology in Pakistan. Weeds are a major constraint to the success of direct dry seeded rice (DDSR). Studies were carried out for two years during 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the performance of applications of pre-emergence herbicides (Top Max @ 2.25 lit/ha, Click @1.5 lit/ha and Pendimethaline @ 1.25 lit/ha) and post-emergence herbicides (Clover @ 200 g/ha, Pyranex Gold @ 250 g/ha, Basagran @ 2.50 lit/ha, Sunstar Gold @ 50 g/ha and Wardan @ 1.25 lit/ha) at rice research field area of National Agriculture Research Center (NARC), Islamabad. The experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. All evaluated herbicides reduced weed density and biomass by a significant amount. The net plot size was 2.5 x 5 m with 10 rows. Basmati-385 was used as test variety of rice. Data indicated that Top Max and Click provided best weed control efficiency but suppressed the germination of rice seed which causes the lowest grain yield production (680.6 kg/ha and 314.5 kg/ha respectively). A weedy check plot contributed 524.7 kg/ha paddy yield with highest weed density. Pyranex Gold provided better weed control efficiency and contributed to significantly higher paddy yield 5116.6 kg/ha than that of all other herbicide applications followed by the Clover which give paddy yield 4241.7 kg/ha. The results of our study suggest that pre-emergence herbicides provided best weed control but not fit for direct dry seeded rice (DDSR) cultivation system, and therefore post-emergence herbicides (Pyranex Gold and Clover) can be suggested for weed control and higher yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyranex%20gold" title="pyranex gold">pyranex gold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clover" title=" clover"> clover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20dry%20seeded%20rice%20%28DDSR%29" title=" direct dry seeded rice (DDSR)"> direct dry seeded rice (DDSR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94994/evaluation-of-commercial-herbicides-for-weed-control-and-yield-under-direct-dry-seeded-rice-cultivation-system-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">170</span> The Governance of UK Museums and Art Galleries: Implications for Accountability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminah%20Abdullah">Aminah Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iqbal%20Khadaroo"> Iqbal Khadaroo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates to what ends, how and by whom museums and art galleries in the UK are governed, and to whom they provide accounts to justify their behavior and activities. A theoretical framework is developed by drawing from the governance and accountability literature and is fleshed out by using empirical data from secondary sources. The findings show that the governance model used, informed by the new public management (NPM) philosophy, and has created tensions between the managerial and social forms of accountability. Museums and art galleries have adopted a managerial culture of getting done what gets measured. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title="governance">governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accountability" title=" accountability"> accountability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UK%20museums%20and%20art%20galleries" title=" UK museums and art galleries"> UK museums and art galleries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20sector" title=" public sector"> public sector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47142/the-governance-of-uk-museums-and-art-galleries-implications-for-accountability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">169</span> Future Trends of Mechatronics Engineering in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqeela%20Mir">Aqeela Mir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akhtar%20Nawaz%20Malik"> Akhtar Nawaz Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javaid%20Iqbal"> Javaid Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents a survey based approach in order to observe the level of awareness regarding Mechatronics in society of Pakistan and the factors affecting the future development trend of Mechatronics in Pakistan. With the help of these surveys a new direction for making a Mathematical model for the future development trend of Mechatronics in Pakistan is also suggested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechatronics%20society%20survey" title="mechatronics society survey">mechatronics society survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future%20development%20trend%20of%20mechatronics%20in%20pakistan" title=" future development trend of mechatronics in pakistan"> future development trend of mechatronics in pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20estimation" title=" probability estimation"> probability estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35089/future-trends-of-mechatronics-engineering-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35089.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">168</span> Working Capital Management Effectiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Iqbal">Asif Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Working capital management has its effect on liquidity as well as on profitability of a firm. In this research we have selected a sample of 100 respondents whose firms are listed on Karachi stock exchange. We have studied the effect of different variable s of working capital management. We find that organizations throughout the world as well as in Pakistan have to give immense recognition to the working capital management as it is an effective thing from their long term perspective especially to their shareholders to have a firm confidence over the companies for investment purpose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working%20capital%20management" title="working capital management">working capital management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karachi%20stock%20exchange" title=" Karachi stock exchange"> Karachi stock exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shareholders" title=" shareholders"> shareholders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20management" title=" capital management"> capital management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13724/working-capital-management-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13724.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">575</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">167</span> Clean Coal Using Coal Bed Methane: A Pollution Control Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arish%20Iqbal">Arish Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santosh%20Kumar%20Singh"> Santosh Kumar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy from coal is one of the major source of energy throughout the world but taking into consideration its effect on environment 'Clean Coal Technologies' (CCT) came into existence. In this paper we have we studied why CCT’s are essential and what are the different types of CCT’s. Also, the coal and CCT scenario in India is introduced. Coal Bed Methane one of major CCT area is studied in detail. Different types of coal bed methane and its methods of extraction are discussed. The different problem areas during the extraction of CBM are identified and discussed. How CBM can be used as a fuel for future is also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBM%20%28coal%20bed%20methane%29" title="CBM (coal bed methane)">CBM (coal bed methane)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCS%20%28carbon%20capture%20and%20storage%29" title=" CCS (carbon capture and storage)"> CCS (carbon capture and storage)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCT%20%28clean%20coal%20technology%29" title=" CCT (clean coal technology)"> CCT (clean coal technology)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMM%20%28coal%20mining%20methane%29" title=" CMM (coal mining methane)"> CMM (coal mining methane)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80218/clean-coal-using-coal-bed-methane-a-pollution-control-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">166</span> An Investigation for Information Asymmetry Nexus IPO Under-Pricing: A Case of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saqib%20Mehmood">Saqib Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Iqbal%20Chaudhry"> Naveed Iqbal Chaudhry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Mehmood"> Asif Mehmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study intends to investigate the information asymmetry theories of IPO and under-pricing in Pakistan. The purpose of the study is to validate the information asymmetry about firm value which leads to under-pricing. A total of 55 IPOs listed from 2000-2011 were included in this study. OLS multiple regression was applied to achieve the objectives of this study. The findings of the study confirm the significance of information asymmetry on under-pricing in Pakistan. The findings have implications for issuing firms and prospective investors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title="information asymmetry">information asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20public%20offerings" title=" initial public offerings"> initial public offerings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=under-pricing" title=" under-pricing"> under-pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20value" title=" firm value"> firm value</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15450/an-investigation-for-information-asymmetry-nexus-ipo-under-pricing-a-case-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">165</span> Simulation and Characterization of Organic Light Emitting Diodes and Organic Photovoltaics Using Physics Based Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20A.%20Shahul%20Hameed">T. A. Shahul Hameed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Predeep"> P. Predeep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anju%20Iqbal"> Anju Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Baiju"> M. R. Baiju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research and development in organic photovoltaic cells and Organic Light Emitting Diodes have gained wider acceptance due to the advent of many advanced techniques to enhance the efficiency and operational hours. Here we report our work on design, simulation and characterizationracterize the bulk heterojunction organic photo cell and polymer light emitting diodes in different layer configurations using ATLAS, a licensed device simulation tool. Bulk heterojuction and multilayer devices were simulated for comparing their performance parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HOMO" title="HOMO">HOMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LUMO" title=" LUMO"> LUMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLED" title=" PLED"> PLED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OPV" title=" OPV"> OPV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18873/simulation-and-characterization-of-organic-light-emitting-diodes-and-organic-photovoltaics-using-physics-based-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">585</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">164</span> Differential Transform Method: Some Important Examples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jamil%20Amir">M. Jamil Amir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabia%20Iqbal"> Rabia Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yaseen"> M. Yaseen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we solve some differential equations analytically by using differential transform method. For this purpose, we consider four models of Laplace equation with two Dirichlet and two Neumann boundary conditions and K(2,2) equation and obtain the corresponding exact solutions. The obtained results show the simplicity of the method and massive reduction in calculations when one compares it with other iterative methods, available in literature. It is worth mentioning that here only a few number of iterations are required to reach the closed form solutions as series expansions of some known functions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20transform%20method" title="differential transform method">differential transform method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laplace%20equation" title=" laplace equation"> laplace equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dirichlet%20boundary%20conditions" title=" Dirichlet boundary conditions"> Dirichlet boundary conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neumann%20boundary%20conditions" title=" Neumann boundary conditions"> Neumann boundary conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18605/differential-transform-method-some-important-examples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">163</span> The Development of Private Housing Schemes to Address the Housing Problem: A Case Study of Islamabad</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Iqbal%20Zafar">Zafar Iqbal Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Waheed"> Abdul Waheed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Capital Development Authority (CDA) Ordinance 1960 requires CDA to acquire land for the provision of housing in Islamabad. However, the pace of residential development was slow and the demand for housing was increasing rapidly. To resolve the growing housing problem, CDA involved the private sector in the development of housing schemes. Detailed bye-laws for regulation of private housing schemes were prepared and these bylaws were called “Modalities & Procedures”. This paper explains how the Modalities and Procedures of CDA have been successful in regulating the development of private housing schemes in Islamabad. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20schemes" title="housing schemes">housing schemes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=master%20plan" title=" master plan"> master plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20works" title=" development works"> development works</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zoning%20regulations" title=" zoning regulations"> zoning regulations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145778/the-development-of-private-housing-schemes-to-address-the-housing-problem-a-case-study-of-islamabad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">162</span> Socratic Style of Teaching: An Analysis of Dialectical Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Jawwad">Muhammad Jawwad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riffat%20Iqbal"> Riffat Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Socratic method, also known as the dialectical method and elenctic method, has significant relevance in the contemporary educational system. It can be incorporated into modern-day educational systems theoretically as well as practically. Being interactive and dialogue-based in nature, this teaching approach is followed by critical thinking and innovation. The pragmatic value of the Dialectical Method has been discussed in this article, and the limitations of the Socratic method have also been highlighted. The interactive Method of Socrates can be used in many subjects for students of different grades. The Limitations and delimitations of the Method have also been discussed for its proper implementation. This article has attempted to elaborate and analyze the teaching method of Socrates with all its pre-suppositions and Epistemological character. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Socratic%20method" title="Socratic method">Socratic method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialectical%20method" title=" dialectical method"> dialectical method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching" title=" teaching"> teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtue" title=" virtue"> virtue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149127/socratic-style-of-teaching-an-analysis-of-dialectical-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">161</span> Catalytic Study of Natural Gas Based Solid Oxide Fuel Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasir%20Iqbal">Nasir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khurram%20Siraj"> Khurram Siraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizwan%20Raza"> Rizwan Raza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is the promising technology now days. SOFC can be operated with different types of fuels available. In this work catalytic anode is prepared with metal oxides i.e. Li, Ni, Zn and Sn and tested for catalytic activity with natural gas as a fuel. The operating temperature range is 170-750°C as observed with the help of TGA. Electrical conductivity and fuel cell performance has been observed for four different samples with varying composition of Sn and Zn. It is concluded that the sample having greater concentration of Zn shows better conductivity and power density results. All the results are promising and verified with different characterizations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic%20activity" title="catalytic activity">catalytic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20oxide%20fuel%20cell" title=" solid oxide fuel cell"> solid oxide fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20material" title=" energy material"> energy material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas" title=" natural gas"> natural gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172581/catalytic-study-of-natural-gas-based-solid-oxide-fuel-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">160</span> Global Health Access to Reproductive Care: Vesicovaginal Fistulas and Obstetrics in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aena%20Iqbal">Aena Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The lack of access to maternal and reproductive health in Pakistan poses a great threat to global public health. Obstetric issues, including vesicovaginal fistulas (VVF), are the most common in South Asian countries, leaving women in a more vulnerable state. Koohi Goth Women’s Hospital offers free VVF operations, which draws in women from all over Pakistan. Although reproductive health is being handled, mental health is often neglected in these scenarios. Using a series of questions inspired by the Warwick Edinburgh Model, this paper builds on the results from interviewing women who have received vesicovaginal fistula repair surgery on their mental health, a taboo topic in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstetrics" title="obstetrics">obstetrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VVF" title=" VVF"> VVF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20health" title=" reproductive health"> reproductive health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153832/global-health-access-to-reproductive-care-vesicovaginal-fistulas-and-obstetrics-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">159</span> Forced Displacement and Mental Health Problems in Refugees Residing in Quetta for Decades</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silsila%20Sherzad">Silsila Sherzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazrat%20Ali%20Khan"> Hazrat Ali Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tabasum%20Sherzad"> Tabasum Sherzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazratullah"> Hazratullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanaullah"> Sanaullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To study the prevalence of common Mental health disorders among forcibly displaced people and to compare with the common mental health disorders among host community members. Study design: Analytical Study. Place of study: Balochistan institute of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Methodology: Data from the Outpatient department were analyzed to numerate both the host community and refugees. Out of 4120, 354 refugee patients were identified using their proof registration (POR) card and for 3776 of the host community using their computerized national identity card (CNIC), data was analyzed for the prevalence of mental health disorders among them. Results: This study states that Afghan Refugees presented to OPD services of Balochistan institute of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, 47% were diagnosed as Major depressive disorder with/without psychosis, 19% with Generalized anxiety disorder, 5% were diagnosed as Bipolar Affective disorder, 5% With schizophrenia, 4% as Post-traumatic stress disorder, 3% as migraine, 3% conversion disorder, 2% Obsessive-compulsive disorder, 1% somatoform disorder and 10% of them presented with other psychiatric disorders, while in host community 21% were diagnosed as Major depressive disorder with/without psychosis, 24% as Generalized anxiety disorder, 12% as somatoform disorder, 10% as Obsessive-compulsive disorder, 8% as migraine, 7% as conversion disorder, 4% as Bipolar Affective disorder, 3% as schizophrenia, 3% as Mental and behavioral disorder due to substance misuse and rest of 7% presented with other psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study states that mental health disorders are more common among refugees than in other populations. The result of this study shows that there is a big difference in the prevalence of mental health disorders among displaced people and the rest of the population. Some Mental health disorders are present in a higher percentage among displaced people rather than among the host community, while some other disorders are present in a lower percentage among displaced people rather than among the host community. This study also highlights that further studies are needed to determine risk and protective factors within the host community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20displacement" title="forced displacement">forced displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afghan%20refugees" title=" Afghan refugees"> Afghan refugees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162813/forced-displacement-and-mental-health-problems-in-refugees-residing-in-quetta-for-decades" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">158</span> Reflection Performance of Truncated Pyramidal and Truncated Wedge Microwave Absorber Using Sugarcane Bagasse (SCB) </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liyana%20Zahid">Liyana Zahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Fareq%20Abd%20Malek"> Mohd Fareq Abd Malek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ee%20Meng%20Cheng"> Ee Meng Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Wen%20Liu"> Wei Wen Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeng%20Seng%20Lee"> Yeng Seng Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nadeem%20Iqbal"> Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fwen%20Hoon%20Wee"> Fwen Hoon Wee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the parameters that affect the performance of microwave absorbers is the shape of the absorbers. This paper shows the performance (reflection loss) of truncated pyramidal and truncated wedge microwave absorbers in the range frequency between 8.2 to 12.4 GHz (X-Band) in simulation. The material used is sugarcane bagasse (SCB) which is one of the new materials that used to fabricate the microwave absorber. The complex permittivity was measured using Agilent dielectric probe technique. The designs were simulated using CST Microwave Studio Software. The reflection losses between these two shapes were compared. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20absorber" title="microwave absorber">microwave absorber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflection%20loss" title=" reflection loss"> reflection loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugarcane%20bagasse%20%28SCB%29" title=" sugarcane bagasse (SCB)"> sugarcane bagasse (SCB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-Band" title=" X-Band"> X-Band</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1457/reflection-performance-of-truncated-pyramidal-and-truncated-wedge-microwave-absorber-using-sugarcane-bagasse-scb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">157</span> Performance Evaluation of Content Based Image Retrieval Using Indexed Views </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahir%20Iqbal">Tahir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mumtaz%20Ali"> Mumtaz Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Wajahat%20Kareem"> Syed Wajahat Kareem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Harris"> Muhammad Harris </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital information is expanding in exponential order in our life. Information that is residing online and offline are stored in huge repositories relating to every aspect of our lives. Getting the required information is a task of retrieval systems. Content based image retrieval (CBIR) is a retrieval system that retrieves the required information from repositories on the basis of the contents of the image. Time is a critical factor in retrieval system and using indexed views with CBIR system improves the time efficiency of retrieved results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20based%20image%20retrieval%20%28CBIR%29" title="content based image retrieval (CBIR)">content based image retrieval (CBIR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indexed%20view" title=" indexed view"> indexed view</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color" title=" color"> color</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20retrieval" title=" image retrieval"> image retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20correlation" title=" cross correlation"> cross correlation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11165/performance-evaluation-of-content-based-image-retrieval-using-indexed-views" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">156</span> Islamic Transaction: An Alternative for Customer Satisfaction in the Islamic Banking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Iqbal%20Maiik">Mohammad Iqbal Maiik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Islamic marketing ethics combines the principle of value maximization with the principles of equity and justice for the welfare of the society. Adherence to the Islamic ethics in the Islamic banking industry can help elevate the standards of both behavior and living of bankers and customers alike. In a rapidly changing marketing environment, the need to be customer-focused has never been as important as it is today. At present where customers are becoming more demanding and increasingly mobile between competing financial providers, being customer-focused is not enough. Islamic banks and more specifically their customer-contact employees (customer relation advisers or officers) need to be perceived by their customers as being Islamic. This study represents an initial step in analyzing the role of Islamic ethical sales behavior as it may be perceived by the customers of Islamic Banks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics" title=" ethics"> ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banks" title=" Islamic banks"> Islamic banks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11067/islamic-transaction-an-alternative-for-customer-satisfaction-in-the-islamic-banking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span 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