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id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Битка при Бийчи Хед – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Битка при Бийчи Хед" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeschlacht_von_Beachy_Head" title="Seeschlacht von Beachy Head – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Seeschlacht von Beachy Head" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_du_cap_B%C3%A9veziers" title="Bataille du cap Béveziers – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille du cap Béveziers" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Beachy_Head_(1690)" title="Battaglia di Beachy Head (1690) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Beachy Head (1690)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Beachy_Head" title="Pertempuran Beachy Head – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertempuran Beachy Head" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Beachy_Head" title="Slag bij Beachy Head – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Beachy Head" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Beachy_Head_i_1690" title="Slaget ved Beachy Head i 1690 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slaget ved Beachy Head i 1690" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Beachy_Head_i_1690" title="Slaget ved Beachy Head i 1690 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Slaget ved Beachy Head i 1690" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_morska_pod_Beachy_Head" title="Bitwa morska pod Beachy Head – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa morska pod Beachy Head" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Beachy_Head_(1690)" title="Batalha de Beachy Head (1690) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Beachy Head (1690)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Beachy_Head" title="Bătălia de la Beachy Head – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bătălia de la Beachy Head" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8-%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Сражение при Бичи-Хед – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сражение при Бичи-Хед" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0_(1690)" title="Битка код Бичи хеда (1690) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Битка код Бичи хеда (1690)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_vid_Beachy_Head_(1690)" title="Slaget vid Beachy Head (1690) 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searchaux" style="display:none">1690 fleet action of the Nine Years' War</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 1690 battle. For other battles off Beachy Head, see <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beachy_Head_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Battle of Beachy Head (disambiguation)">Battle of Beachy Head</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Beachy Head</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War" title="Nine Years' War">Nine Years' War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Beachy_Head_10,_July_1690.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Battle_of_Beachy_Head_10%2C_July_1690.jpg/300px-Battle_of_Beachy_Head_10%2C_July_1690.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Battle_of_Beachy_Head_10%2C_July_1690.jpg/450px-Battle_of_Beachy_Head_10%2C_July_1690.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Battle_of_Beachy_Head_10%2C_July_1690.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="332" /></a></span><br />An illustration of the battle by <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Gudin" title="Théodore Gudin">Théodore Gudin</a>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>10 July 1690<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Off <a href="/wiki/Beachy_Head" title="Beachy Head">Beachy Head</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Beachy_Head_(1690)&params=50.73743_N_0.24768_E_type:event_region:GB_source:enwiki-osgb36(TV587955)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°44′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°14′52″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.73743°N 0.24768°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.73743; 0.24768</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> French victory<sup id="cite_ref-Lynn_1714,_p._83_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lynn_1714,_p._83-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a></span></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span data-sort-value="England"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a></span> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/23px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/35px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/45px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France"><img alt="Kingdom of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hilarion_de_Tourville" title="Anne Hilarion de Tourville">Tourville</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France"><img alt="Kingdom of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Louis_Rousselet_de_Ch%C3%A2teaurenault" title="François Louis Rousselet de Châteaurenault">Châteaurenault</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France"><img alt="Kingdom of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Victor-Marie_d%27Estr%C3%A9es" title="Victor-Marie d'Estrées">D'Estrées</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France"><img alt="Kingdom of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Forbin" title="Claude de Forbin">Forbin</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England"><img alt="Kingdom of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg/23px-English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg/35px-English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg/46px-English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Herbert,_1st_Earl_of_Torrington" title="Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Torrington">Earl of Torrington</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England"><img alt="Kingdom of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg/23px-English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg/35px-English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg/46px-English_Red_Ensign_1620.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Delaval" title="Ralph Delaval">Ralph Delaval</a> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_the_Secretary_of_Defence_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Secretary_of_Defence_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_the_Secretary_of_Defence_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Secretary_of_Defence_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_the_Secretary_of_Defence_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Secretary_of_Defence_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Evertsen_the_Youngest" title="Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest">Cornelis Evertsen</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 75 ships<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />28,000 crewmen<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClodfelter201749_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter201749-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 56 ships<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />23,000 crewmen<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClodfelter201749_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter201749-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> No ships lost</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 2,350-4000 killed and wounded<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClodfelter201749_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter201749-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908112_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908112-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> 1 ship of the line captured <br /> 1 ship of the line sunk <br /> 6 ships of the line scuttled <br /> 2 fire ships sunk <br /> 1 fire ship scuttled<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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title="Nine Years' War"><span class="wrap">Nine Years' War</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Flanders and the Lower Rhine</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Kaiserswerth_(1689)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Kaiserswerth (1689) (page does not exist)">Kaiserswerth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Walcourt" title="Battle of Walcourt">Walcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bonn_(1689)" title="Siege of Bonn (1689)">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fleurus_(1690)" title="Battle of Fleurus (1690)">Fleurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mons_(1691)" title="Siege of Mons (1691)">Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leuze" title="Battle of Leuze">Leuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Namur_(1692)" title="Siege of Namur (1692)">1st Namur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Steenkerque" title="Battle of Steenkerque">Steenkerque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dottignies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dottignies (page does not exist)">Dottignies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Huy_(1693)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Huy (1693) (page does not exist)">1st Huy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landen" title="Battle of Landen">Landen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Charleroi_(1693)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Charleroi (1693) (page does not exist)">Charleroi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Diksmuide_(1694)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Diksmuide (1694) (page does not exist)">1st Diksmuide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Huy_(1694)" title="Siege of Huy (1694)">2nd Huy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Namur_(1695)" title="Siege of Namur (1695)">2nd Namur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitulation_of_Deinze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitulation of Deinze (page does not exist)">1st Deinze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Brussels_(1695)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardment of Brussels (1695)">Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Diksmuide" title="Capitulation of Diksmuide">2nd Diksmuide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Givet" title="Bombardment of Givet">Givet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Deinze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of Deinze (page does not exist)">2nd Deinze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ath_(1697)" title="Siege of Ath (1697)">Ath</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Upper Rhine</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Philippsburg_(1688)" title="Siege of Philippsburg (1688)">Philippsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mannheim_(1688)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Mannheim (1688) (page does not exist)">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Frankenthal_(1688)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Frankenthal (1688) (page does not exist)">Frankenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mainz_(1689)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Mainz (1689)">Mainz</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Piedmont</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Staffarda" title="Battle of Staffarda">Staffarda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Susa_(1690)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Susa (1690) (page does not exist)">Susa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Nice_(1691)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Nice (1691) (page does not exist)">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cuneo_(1691)" title="Siege of Cuneo (1691)">Cuneo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Pinerolo_(1693)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Pinerolo (1693) (page does not exist)">Pinerolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marsaglia" title="Battle of Marsaglia">Marsaglia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Valenza_(1696)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Valenza (1696) (page does not exist)">Valenza</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Catalonia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Barretinas" title="Revolt of the Barretinas">Barretinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Brotherhood" title="Second Brotherhood">Second Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Roses_(1693)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Roses (1693) (page does not exist)">Roses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torroella" title="Battle of Torroella">Torroella</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Girona_(1694)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Girona (1694) (page does not exist)">Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sant_Esteve_d%27en_Bas" title="Battle of Sant Esteve d'en Bas">Sant Esteve d'en Bas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Barcelona_(1697)" title="Siege of Barcelona (1697)">Barcelona</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Ireland</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Bandon" title="Capture of Bandon">Bandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_of_Dromore" title="Break of Dromore">Dromore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Derry" title="Siege of Derry">Derry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Newtownbutler" title="Battle of Newtownbutler">Newtownbutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Carrickfergus_(1689)" title="Siege of Carrickfergus (1689)">Carrickfergus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Newry" title="Raid on Newry">Newry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cavan" title="Battle of Cavan">Cavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Boyne" title="Battle of the Boyne">Boyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Athlone_(1690)" title="Siege of Athlone (1690)">1st Athlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Waterford" title="Capture of Waterford">Waterford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Limerick_(1690)" title="Siege of Limerick (1690)">1st Limerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cork" title="Siege of Cork">Cork and Kinsale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Athlone" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Athlone">2nd Athlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aughrim" title="Battle of Aughrim">Aughrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Limerick_(1691)" title="Siege of Limerick (1691)">2nd Limerick</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Great Britain</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Invasion of England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wincanton_Skirmish" title="Wincanton Skirmish">Wincanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Reading_(1688)" title="Battle of Reading (1688)">Reading</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loup_Hill" title="Battle of Loup Hill">Loup Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Killiecrankie" title="Battle of Killiecrankie">Killiecrankie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dunkeld" title="Battle of Dunkeld">Dunkeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cromdale" title="Battle of Cromdale">Cromdale</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Caribbean</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sabana_Real" title="Battle of Sabana Real">1st Guárico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Gu%C3%A1rico_(1695)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Guárico (1695) (page does not exist)">2nd Guárico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Cartagena_de_Indias_(1697)" title="Raid on Cartagena de Indias (1697)">Cartagena de Indias</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Gu%C3%A1rico_(1697)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Guárico (1697) (page does not exist)">3rd Guárico</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Asia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Pondich%C3%A9ry_(1693)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Pondichéry (1693) (page does not exist)">Pondichéry</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Naval battles</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bantry_Bay" title="Battle of Bantry Bay">Bantry Bay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Beachy Head</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Alicante_(1691)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Alicante (1691) (page does not exist)">Alicante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Barfleur_and_La_Hougue" title="Battles of Barfleur and La Hougue">Barfleur and La Hogue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_at_Barfleur" title="Action at Barfleur">Barfleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_at_Cherbourg_(1692)" title="Action at Cherbourg (1692)">Cherbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_at_La_Hogue_(1692)" title="Action at La Hogue (1692)">La Hogue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lagos_(1693)" title="Battle of Lagos (1693)">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camaret" title="Battle of Camaret">Camaret</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombardment_of_Dieppe_(1694)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombardment of Dieppe (1694) (page does not exist)">Dieppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Texel_(1694)" title="Battle of Texel (1694)">Texel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombardment_of_Dunkirk_(1695)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombardment of Dunkirk (1695) (page does not exist)">Dunkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dogger_Bank_(1696)" title="Battle of Dogger Bank (1696)">Dogger Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Beachy Head</b>, also known as the <b>Battle of Bévéziers</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Fleet_action" title="Fleet action">fleet action</a> fought on 10 July 1690 during the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War" title="Nine Years' War">Nine Years' War</a>. The battle was the most significant French naval victory over their English and Dutch opponents during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Lynn_1714,_p._83_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lynn_1714,_p._83-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch lost seven ships of the line and three fire ships. Their English allies also lost one ship of the line, whereas the French did not lose a single vessel. Control of the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> temporarily fell into French hands but French Vice-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hilarion_de_Tourville" title="Anne Hilarion de Tourville">Anne Hilarion de Tourville</a> failed to pursue the Anglo-Dutch fleet with sufficient vigour, allowing it to fall back to the <a href="/wiki/Thames" class="mw-redirect" title="Thames">Thames</a>. </p><p>Tourville was criticised for not following up his victory and was relieved of his command. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> Admiral <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Herbert,_1st_Earl_of_Torrington" title="Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Torrington">Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Torrington</a>, who had advised against engaging the superior French fleet but had been overruled by Queen <a href="/wiki/Mary_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary II of England">Mary II of England</a> and her ministers, was court-martialled for his performance during the battle. Although he was acquitted, King <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III of England</a> dismissed him from the service. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Beachy_Head_(1690)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The deposed <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II of England</a> fled <a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">to Ireland</a> as a first step to regain the throne following his deposition after the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a>. In August 1689, Marshal <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Schomberg,_1st_Duke_of_Schomberg" title="Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg">Frederick Schomberg</a> had been sent from England to bolster the forces loyal to King William but after the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Carrickfergus" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Carrickfergus">Siege of Carrickfergus</a> his army had stalled through the winter of 1689–90, suffering from sickness and desertion. As early as January 1690, it was clear to William that he would have to sail to Ireland, with substantial reinforcements, to salvage the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main Allied fleet under Admiral Herbert, Earl of Torrington, was stationed in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>. A substantial part of the fleet was in the Mediterranean under <a href="/wiki/Vice_Admiral_Henry_Killigrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral Henry Killigrew">Vice Admiral Henry Killigrew</a>, which the <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Finch,_2nd_Earl_of_Nottingham" title="Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham">Earl of Nottingham</a>, William's <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Southern_Department" title="Secretary of State for the Southern Department">Secretary of State</a> and chosen naval advisor, hoped would neutralize the French <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> squadron. Sir <a href="/wiki/Cloudesley_Shovell" title="Cloudesley Shovell">Cloudesley Shovell</a> remained in the Irish Sea but his squadron was much too small to stop the French controlling these waters if they chose to do so. The French decided not to use their fleet as a subsidiary to the Irish campaign; <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">King Louis XIV</a> instead directed his navy against Torrington in the Channel.<sup id="cite_ref-mahanCpt.4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mahanCpt.4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although 6,000 French troops under the command of the <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Nompar_de_Caumont" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Nompar de Caumont">Comte de Lauzun</a> were ferried across to Ireland to aid James on 17 March, the French fleet under the <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hilarion_de_Tourville" title="Anne Hilarion de Tourville">Comte de Tourville</a> returned to <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a> on 1 May and there remained inactive during May and June, whilst the grand fleet was assembling. </p><p>This French inaction had provided William with the opportunity he desired. On 21 June, he embarked his forces at <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a> on board 280 transports, escorted by only six men-of-war commanded by Shovell.<sup id="cite_ref-mahanCpt.4_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mahanCpt.4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 June, unmolested by the French fleet, William landed in <a href="/wiki/Carrickfergus" title="Carrickfergus">Carrickfergus</a> with 15,000 men for his Irish campaign, much to the consternation of James's chief lieutenant in Ireland, the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Talbot,_1st_Earl_of_Tyrconnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel">Earl of Tyrconnel</a>, who later wrote: "The want of a squadron of French men-of-war in <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Channel" title="St George's Channel">St George's Channel</a> has been our ruin ... "<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Beachy_Head_(1690)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Beachy_Head_1690.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Battle_of_Beachy_Head_1690.PNG/250px-Battle_of_Beachy_Head_1690.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Battle_of_Beachy_Head_1690.PNG/375px-Battle_of_Beachy_Head_1690.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Battle_of_Beachy_Head_1690.PNG/500px-Battle_of_Beachy_Head_1690.PNG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>Battle of Beachy Head, 10 July 1690. Tourville had won a clear victory but failed to exploit the success.</figcaption></figure> <p>After evading Killigrew off <a href="/wiki/Cadiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadiz">Cadiz</a>, the Toulon squadron (<a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Louis_de_Rousselet,_Marquis_de_Ch%C3%A2teaurenault" class="mw-redirect" title="François Louis de Rousselet, Marquis de Châteaurenault">Château-Renault</a>) joined Tourville's fleet on 21 June.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourville, commanding the combined Brest and Mediterranean fleets, with 75 ships of the line and 23 <a href="/wiki/Fire_ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire ships">fire ships</a>, sailed on 23 June into the Channel. By 30 June, the French were off <a href="/wiki/The_Lizard" title="The Lizard">the Lizard</a>. Torrington sailed from the <a href="/wiki/Nore" title="Nore">Nore</a>, already convinced the French would be stronger – much of the Royal Navy had been diverted to protect their maritime commerce from privateers and the Allied fleet had only 56 English and Dutch ships of the line, with 4,153 guns, against the French fleet of 4,600 guns.<sup id="cite_ref-roger145_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roger145-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Torrington's fleet reached the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> and was joined by a Dutch squadron, consisting of 22 ships, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Evertsen_the_Youngest" title="Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest">Cornelis Evertsen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020203_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020203-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 July, Torrington sighted the French fleet, calculating their strength at almost 80 ships of the line. Unable to proceed to the westward to link up with Shovell and Killigrew (who was on his way home), Torrington announced his intention of retreating before the superior French fleet to the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Dover" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits of Dover">Straits of Dover</a>, believing that the risk to the <a href="/wiki/Fleet_in_being" title="Fleet in being">fleet in being</a> would be too great.<sup id="cite_ref-lynn215_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lynn215-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In William's absence, <a href="/wiki/Mary_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary II of England">Queen Mary</a> and her advisors – the 'Council of Nine' – hastened to take measures for the defence of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Osborne,_1st_Duke_of_Leeds" title="Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds">Carmarthen</a> thought that it was advisable to fight, as did Nottingham and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Russell,_1st_Earl_of_Orford" title="Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford">Admiral Russell</a>, who were unconvinced that the French were as strong as Torrington reported and considered that only the admiral's pessimism, defeatism or treachery could account for his reports.<sup id="cite_ref-roger145_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roger145-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the two fleets moved slowly up the channel (with Torrington keeping carefully out of range), Russell drafted the order to fight.<sup id="cite_ref-aubrey49_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aubrey49-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Countersigned by Nottingham, the orders reached the admiral on 9 July whilst he was off <a href="/wiki/Beachy_Head" title="Beachy Head">Beachy Head</a>. Torrington realised that not to give battle was to be guilty of direct disobedience and to give battle was, in his judgment, to incur serious risk of defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-macaulayChptXV_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macaulayChptXV-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Torrington called a council of war with his flag-officers, who concluded that they had no option but to obey.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Beachy_Head_(1690)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Beachy_Head,_10_July_1690.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Battle_of_Beachy_Head%2C_10_July_1690.PNG/250px-Battle_of_Beachy_Head%2C_10_July_1690.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Battle_of_Beachy_Head%2C_10_July_1690.PNG/375px-Battle_of_Beachy_Head%2C_10_July_1690.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Battle_of_Beachy_Head%2C_10_July_1690.PNG 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>The French fleet bearing NNW towards the English coast. The French centre sagged exactly where the Comte de <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hilarion_de_Tourville" title="Anne Hilarion de Tourville">Tourville</a> was stationed.</figcaption></figure> <p>The following day, 10 July, off Beachy Head near <a href="/wiki/Eastbourne" title="Eastbourne">Eastbourne</a>, Torrington advanced towards the French in line of battle. He placed the Dutch white squadron with 21 ships – commanded by <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Evertsen_the_youngest" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornelis Evertsen the youngest">Cornelis Evertsen</a> – in the van. Torrington was in the centre red squadron; the rear blue squadron, commanded by Vice-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Delaval" title="Ralph Delaval">Ralph Delaval</a>, comprised English and Dutch ships. </p><p>The French admiral divided his force of 70 ships of the line into the customary three squadrons, with white, blue, and white and blue pennants respectively. Tourville, aboard the <i><a href="/wiki/French_ship_Soleil_Royal_(1669)" title="French ship Soleil Royal (1669)">Soleil Royal</a></i>, commanded the centre, white squadron.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The blue squadron in the French van was commanded by Châteaurenault; <a href="/wiki/Victor-Marie_d%27Estr%C3%A9es" title="Victor-Marie d'Estrées">Victor-Marie d'Estrées</a> commanded the rear white and blue squadron. In each fleet the squadron commanders were in the centre of their respective squadrons and the division flag officers in the centre of their divisions. </p><p>At about 08:00 the Allies, who had the <a href="/wiki/Weather_gage" title="Weather gage">weather gage</a>, ran down together in line abreast, elongated in order to cover the whole French fleet and prevent doubling at either end. The Dutch squadron bore down on the leading French squadron to engage on a parallel course but left the leading division of Châteaurenault's squadron unmarked. This division cut across Evertsen's path and doubling on the Dutch squadron, was able to inflict much loss. </p><p>Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/John_Ashby_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Ashby (Royal Navy officer)">Ashby</a> of the red squadron failed to help the Dutch, as the <a href="/wiki/Philippe,_Marquis_de_Villette-Mursay" title="Philippe, Marquis de Villette-Mursay">Marquis de Villette</a> succeeded in <a href="/wiki/Tack_(sailing)" title="Tack (sailing)">tacking</a> ahead, placing Ashby between two fires. When Torrington brought the remainder of the red squadron into action, he found difficulty in getting close enough because of the sag in the French line and came no closer than twice gunshot range.<sup id="cite_ref-aubrey49_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aubrey49-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Admiral Tourville, finding himself with few adversaries in the centre, pushed forward his own leading ships, which Torrington's dispositions had left without opponents, further strengthening the French attack in the van.<sup id="cite_ref-lynn215_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lynn215-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch were now opposed by the whole of Châteaurenault's squadron and the van and centre divisions of Tourville's squadron. </p><p>Delaval's greatly outnumbered blue squadron fought a desperate battle with d'Estrées in the rear. Evertsen in the van, having lost his second-in-command and many other officers, was forced to withdraw. The Dutch had maintained the unequal contest with very little assistance from the rest of the Allied fleet; he left two Dutch <a href="/wiki/Fire_ship" title="Fire ship">fire ships</a> sunk (<i>Suikermolen</i> and <i>Kroonvogel</i>), one shattered and dismasted vessel captured (<i>Friesland</i> of 68 cannon which was later burnt by the French) and many badly damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodger,_N.A.M._(2006)_p.146_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodger,_N.A.M._(2006)_p.146-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outmatched, Torrington ended the battle late in the afternoon.<sup id="cite_ref-lynn215_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lynn215-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evertsen prevented further Dutch losses by <a href="/wiki/Stopping_the_Tide" class="mw-redirect" title="Stopping the Tide">taking advantage of the tide</a> and the drop in wind. He ordered his ships to drop their anchors while in full sail, the French – who were not sufficiently alert – were carried off by the current and out of cannon range.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020203_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020203-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The eight-hour battle was a victory for the French but far from decisive. When the tide changed at 21:00, the Allies weighed anchor. Tourville pursued, but instead of ordering a general chase, he maintained the strict line-of-battle, reducing the speed of the fleet to that of the slower ships.<sup id="cite_ref-mahanCpt.4_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mahanCpt.4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Torrington burnt six more badly-damaged Dutch ships (<i>Noorderkwartier</i>, <i>Gekroonde Burg</i>, <i>Maagd van Enkhuizen</i>, <i>Elswout</i>, <i>Tholen</i> and the fire ship <i>Maagd van Enkhuizen</i>) and one English ship (the third rate 70-gun <a href="/wiki/HMS_Anne_(1678)" title="HMS Anne (1678)"><i>Anne</i></a>) to avoid their capture before gaining the refuge of the Thames. The <i>Wapen van Utrecht</i> sank by herself. As soon as Torrington was in the safety of the river, he ordered all the navigation buoys removed, making any attempt to follow him too dangerous.<sup id="cite_ref-macaulayChptXV_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macaulayChptXV-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Beachy_Head_(1690)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Rochussen_-_Anno_1690._Schout-bij-nacht_Schey_verwijt_lord_Torrington_voor_de_krijgsraad_het_verlies_van_de_slag_bij_Kaap_Bevesier_-_SA_4966_-_Amsterdam_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Charles_Rochussen_-_Anno_1690._Schout-bij-nacht_Schey_verwijt_lord_Torrington_voor_de_krijgsraad_het_verlies_van_de_slag_bij_Kaap_Bevesier_-_SA_4966_-_Amsterdam_Museum.jpg/250px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Charles_Rochussen_-_Anno_1690._Schout-bij-nacht_Schey_verwijt_lord_Torrington_voor_de_krijgsraad_het_verlies_van_de_slag_bij_Kaap_Bevesier_-_SA_4966_-_Amsterdam_Museum.jpg/375px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Charles_Rochussen_-_Anno_1690._Schout-bij-nacht_Schey_verwijt_lord_Torrington_voor_de_krijgsraad_het_verlies_van_de_slag_bij_Kaap_Bevesier_-_SA_4966_-_Amsterdam_Museum.jpg/500px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1355" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Dutch Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Schey" title="Gilles Schey">Gilles Schey</a> blames Torrington for the loss of the Battle of Beachy Head before a court martial.</figcaption></figure> <p>The defeat of Beachy Head caused panic in England. Tourville had temporary command of the English Channel. It seemed that the French could at the same time prevent William from returning from Ireland across the Irish Sea and land an invading army in England.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diarist <a href="/wiki/John_Evelyn" title="John Evelyn">John Evelyn</a> wrote – "The whole nation now exceedingly alarmed by the French fleet braving our coast even to the very Thames mouth", a fear compounded by news from the Continent of French victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fleurus_(1690)" title="Battle of Fleurus (1690)">Battle of Fleurus</a> on 1 July. To oppose the threatened invasion, 6,000 regular troops, together with the hastily organised militia, were prepared by the <a href="/wiki/John_Churchill,_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough">Earl of Marlborough</a> for the country's defence. </p><p>In the prevailing atmosphere of panic, no-one attributed the defeat to overwhelming odds.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodger,_N.A.M._(2006)_p.146_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodger,_N.A.M._(2006)_p.146-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evertsen said that Torrington had intentionally deserted the Dutch.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020203_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020203-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nottingham accused Torrington of treachery, informing William on 13 July "In plain terms ... Torrington deserted the Dutch so shamefully that the whole squadron had been lost if some of our ships had not rescued them." Nottingham was anxious to shift blame but no one disputed his interpretation.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodger,_N.A.M._(2006)_p.146_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodger,_N.A.M._(2006)_p.146-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "I cannot express to you", wrote William to the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Pensionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Pensionary">Grand Pensionary</a> <a href="/wiki/Anthonie_Heinsius" title="Anthonie Heinsius">Anthonie Heinsius</a> in the Dutch Republic, "how distressed I am at the disasters of the fleet. I am so much the more deeply affected as I have been informed that my ships did not properly support those of the Estates, and left them in the lurch.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was some good news for the Allies. The day after Beachy Head, 11 July, William decisively defeated Louis' ally, James II, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Boyne" title="Battle of the Boyne">Battle of the Boyne</a> in Ireland. James fled to France but appeals to Louis for an invasion of England were not heeded.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Colbert,_Marquis_de_Seignelay" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de Seignelay">Marquis de Seignelay</a>, who had succeeded his father <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Colbert" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert">Colbert</a> as naval minister, had not planned for an invasion and had thought no further than Beachy Head, writing to Tourville before the engagement – " ... I shall be content if you will let me know as soon as possible after the battle your thoughts on the employment of the fleet for the rest of the campaign".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourville anchored off <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a> to refit and land his sick. The French had failed to exploit their success. To the fury of Louis and Seignelay, the sum of Tourville's victory was the symbolic and futile burning of the English coastal town of <a href="/wiki/Teignmouth" title="Teignmouth">Teignmouth</a> in July. Tourville was relieved of command.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The English squadrons rallied to the main fleet. By the end of August the Allies had 90 vessels cruising the Channel and temporary French control had come to an end.<sup id="cite_ref-lynn215_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lynn215-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Torrington had been sent to the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a> to await a <a href="/wiki/Court_martial" class="mw-redirect" title="Court martial">court martial</a> at <a href="/wiki/Chatham,_Kent" title="Chatham, Kent">Chatham</a>. The substance of the charge was that he had withdrawn and kept back, had not done his utmost to damage the enemy and to assist his own and the Dutch ships. Torrington blamed the defeat on the lack of naval preparations and intelligence – he had not been informed that the Brest fleet had been reinforced with the Toulon squadron. He also contended that the Dutch had engaged too early, before they had reached the head of the French line.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the outrage and astonishment of William and his ministers – and the delight of the English seamen who, rightly or wrongly, regarded him as a political sacrifice to the Dutch – the court acquitted him. Torrington took up his seat in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> but William refused to see him and dismissed him from the service on 12 December (O.S).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Torrington was temporarily replaced by a triumvirate of Sir Henry Killigrew, John Ashby and Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Haddock" title="Richard Haddock">Richard Haddock</a>. These were in turn replaced by Admiral Russell as sole commander of the English fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Beachy_Head_(1690)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">All dates in the article are in the Gregorian calendar (unless otherwise stated). The Julian calendar as used in England in 1690 differed by ten days. Thus, the battle of Beachy Head was fought on 10 July (Gregorian calendar) or 30 June (Julian calendar). In this article (O.S) is used to <a href="/wiki/Annotate" class="mw-redirect" title="Annotate">annotate</a> Julian dates with the year adjusted to 1 January. See the article <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">Old Style and New Style dates</a> for a more detailed explanation of the dating issues and conventions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lynn_1714,_p._83-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lynn_1714,_p._83_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lynn_1714,_p._83_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lynn: <i>The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714,</i> p. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Listed in Rif Winfield and Stephen Roberts, <i>French Warships in the Age of Sail 1626-1786</i>, p.30 (the total of 75 includes 5 ships not in the line of battle, but excludes 18 fireships); also 75 ships according to N.A.M. Rodger, <i>The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815,</i> p. 145: Dupuy also puts the French strength at 75, Lynn states a strength of 77 (with 23 <a href="/wiki/Fire_ship" title="Fire ship">fire ships</a>): Aubrey states 76 (with 18 fire ships).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter201749-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClodfelter201749_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClodfelter201749_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClodfelter201749_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClodfelter2017">Clodfelter 2017</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Listed in Rif Winfield and Stephen Roberts, <i>French Warships in the Age of Sail 1626-1786</i>, p.30; also N.A.M. Rodger, <i>The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815,</i> p. 145: Lynn puts Allied strength at 57. Dupuy 59; Aubrey 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1908112-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1908112_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBodart1908">Bodart 1908</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodger, <i>The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815,</i> p. 146: 1 captured and 2 sunk during the battle; another 8 later burnt by the Allies to avoid capture. Aubrey states 15 in total; Dupuy states 12 ships lost. Warnsinck states 7 Dutch ships lost while Lynn states 6 ships lost with only 1 Dutch ship sunk during the battle. Clodfelter states 12 ships.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aubrey: <i>The Defeat of James Stuart's Armada 1692,</i> p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mahanCpt.4-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mahanCpt.4_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mahanCpt.4_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mahanCpt.4_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mahan: <i>The Influence of Sea Power on History, 1660–1783</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lynn: <i>The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714,</i> p. 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aubrey: <i>The Defeat of James Stuart's Armada 1692.</i> p. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roger145-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-roger145_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-roger145_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodger: <i>The Command of the Ocean,</i> p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lynn: <i>The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714,</i> p. 214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020203-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020203_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020203_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020203_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Nimwegen2020">Van Nimwegen 2020</a>, p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lynn215-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lynn215_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lynn215_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lynn215_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lynn215_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lynn: <i>The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714,</i> p. 215</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mary_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary II of England">Queen Mary</a> was left to govern England in William's absence. She was to be advised by the 'Council of Nine', <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_1st_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire">Devonshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sackville,_6th_Earl_of_Dorset" title="Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset">Dorset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Mordaunt,_3rd_Earl_of_Peterborough" title="Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough">Mordaunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Russell,_1st_Earl_of_Orford" title="Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford">Russell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Osborne,_1st_Duke_of_Leeds" title="Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds">Carmarthen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Finch,_2nd_Earl_of_Nottingham" title="Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham">Nottingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Herbert,_8th_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke">Pembroke</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Lowther,_1st_Viscount_Lonsdale" title="John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale">John Lowther</a> and for military advice, the <a href="/wiki/John_Churchill,_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough">Earl of Marlborough</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aubrey49-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aubrey49_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aubrey49_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aubrey: <i>The Defeat of James Stuart's Armada 1692,</i> p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-macaulayChptXV-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-macaulayChptXV_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-macaulayChptXV_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Macaulay: <i>The History of England,</i> Volume III, Ch XV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodger: <i>The Command of the Ocean,</i> p. 145. The minutes of the council no longer exist, and we do not know for sure how Torrington meant to fight. It is also unclear whether Evertsen correctly understood Torrington's intentions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lynn: <i>The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714,</i> p. 214: Together with the <i>Royal Louis</i>, the <i>Soleil Royal</i> was the largest ship built during the reign of King Louis, rating at 120 guns and 2,400 tons.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rodger,_N.A.M._(2006)_p.146-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rodger,_N.A.M._(2006)_p.146_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rodger,_N.A.M._(2006)_p.146_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rodger,_N.A.M._(2006)_p.146_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodger, N.A.M. (2006). <i>The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815</i>, Penguin Group. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-102690-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-102690-1">0-14-102690-1</a>, p.146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Churchill: <i>A History of the English-Speaking Peoples: Age of Revolution,</i> p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guizot: <i>A Popular History of France From The Earliest Times, Volume V</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chandler: <i>Marlborough as Military Commander</i> p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodger: <i>The Command of the Ocean,</i> p. 147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aubrey: <i>The Defeat of James Stuart's Armada 1692,</i> p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aubrey: <i>The Defeat of James Stuart's Armada 1692,</i> p. 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Macaulay: <i>The History of England,</i> Volume III, Chpt.XVI</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aubrey: <i>The Defeat of James Stuart's Armada 1692,</i> p. 58</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Beachy_Head_(1690)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Aubrey, Philip (1979). <i>The Defeat of James Stuart's Armada 1692.</i> Leicester University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7185-1168-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7185-1168-9">0-7185-1168-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBodart1908" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Bodart" title="Gaston Bodart">Bodart, Gaston</a> (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_A0kNAAAAYAAJ"><i>Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618-1905)</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Milit%C3%A4r-historisches+Kriegs-Lexikon+%281618-1905%29&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Bodart&rft.aufirst=Gaston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_A0kNAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Beachy+Head+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Chandler, David G (2003). <i>Marlborough as Military Commander.</i> Spellmount Ltd. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86227-195-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-86227-195-X">1-86227-195-X</a></li> <li>Churchill, Winston (2002). <i>A History of the English-Speaking Peoples: Age of Revolution</i>. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-36393-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-36393-6">0-304-36393-6</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClodfelter2017" class="citation book cs1">Clodfelter, M. (2017). <i>Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015</i> (4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-7470-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-7470-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-7470-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+and+Armed+Conflicts%3A+A+Statistical+Encyclopedia+of+Casualty+and+Other+Figures%2C+1492-2015&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-7470-7&rft.aulast=Clodfelter&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Beachy+Head+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dupuy, R. E & Dupuy, T. N (1995). <i>The Collins Encyclopaedia of Military History 4th ed.</i> HarperCollins Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-270056-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-270056-1">0-06-270056-1</a></li> <li>Guizot, Francois P. G. <i>A Popular History of France From The Earliest Times, Volume V</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/11955/11955-h/11955-h.htm#image-68">[1]</a></li> <li>Lynn, John A (2002). <i>The French wars 1667–1714: The Sun King at War.</i> Osprey Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-361-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-361-6">1-84176-361-6</a></li> <li>Lynn, John A (1999). <i>The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714.</i> Longman. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-05629-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-05629-2">0-582-05629-2</a></li> <li>Macaulay, Thomas. <i>The History of England: Volume 3.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://yarchive.net/macaulay/history/contents.html">[2]</a></li> <li>Mahan, Alfred Thayer. <i>The Influence of Sea Power on History, 1660–1783.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070113104406/http://www.bellum.nu/literature/mahan002.html">[3]</a></li> <li>Rodger, N.A.M. (2006). <i>The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815,</i> Penguin Group. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-102690-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-102690-1">0-14-102690-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCM_Warnsinck" class="mw-redirect" title="JCM Warnsinck">Warnsinck, JCM</a>. <i>De vloot van den Konig-Stadhouder 1689-1690 (1934).</i></li> <li>Winfield, Rif, and Roberts, Stephen S (2017). <i>French Warships in the Age of Sail 1626-1786.</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-9351-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-9351-1">978-1-4738-9351-1</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Nimwegen2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Van Nimwegen, Olaf (2020). <i>De Veertigjarige Oorlog 1672-1712: de strijd van de Nederlanders tegen de Zonnekoning (The 40 Years War 1672-1712: the Dutch struggle against the Sun King)</i> (in Dutch). Prometheus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-446-3871-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-446-3871-4"><bdi>978-90-446-3871-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Veertigjarige+Oorlog+1672-1712%3A+de+strijd+van+de+Nederlanders+tegen+de+Zonnekoning+%28The+40+Years+War+1672-1712%3A+the+Dutch+struggle+against+the+Sun+King%29&rft.pub=Prometheus&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-90-446-3871-4&rft.aulast=Van+Nimwegen&rft.aufirst=Olaf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Beachy+Head+%281690%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Beachy_Head_(1690)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://3decks.pbworks.com/Battles/">Lists of sailing warships</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1248605#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85012611">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007282412405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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