CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Synonym (taxonomy): Difference between revisions - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"65a705ba-6452-4a1e-b849-1dae85b0a2d9","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Synonym_(taxonomy)","wgTitle":"Synonym (taxonomy)","wgCurRevisionId":1256997732,"wgRevisionId":461963910,"wgArticleId":8166296,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with missing files","CS1 errors: unsupported parameter","Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2011","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Botanical nomenclature","Zoological nomenclature"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Synonym_(taxonomy)","wgRelevantArticleId":8166296,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"extRevisionSliderTimeOffset":0,"wgDiffOldId":461937711,"wgDiffNewId":461963910,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1040689","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"] ,"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.visualEditor.diffPage.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.icons-accessibility":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.icons-editing-advanced":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","ext.RevisionSlider.lazyCss":"ready","mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","mediawiki.diff.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.helplink":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage": "ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.visualEditor.diffPage.init","ext.RevisionSlider.lazyJs","mediawiki.diff","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.RevisionSlider.lazyCss%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.visualEditor.diffPage.init.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.diff.styles%7Cmediawiki.helplink%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.icons-accessibility%2Cicons-editing-advanced%2Cindicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Synonym (taxonomy): Difference between revisions - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mw-article-diff skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Synonym_taxonomy rootpage-Synonym_taxonomy skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Synonym+%28taxonomy%29&returntoquery=diff%3D461963910%26oldid%3D461937711" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Synonym+%28taxonomy%29&returntoquery=diff%3D461963910%26oldid%3D461937711" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Synonym+%28taxonomy%29&returntoquery=diff%3D461963910%26oldid%3D461937711" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Synonym+%28taxonomy%29&returntoquery=diff%3D461963910%26oldid%3D461937711" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-General_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>General usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zoology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zoology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zoology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zoology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Botany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Botany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Botany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Botany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_between_zoology_and_botany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_between_zoology_and_botany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Comparison between zoology and botany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_between_zoology_and_botany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synonym_lists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synonym_lists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Synonym lists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synonym_lists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Synonym (taxonomy): Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinoniem_(taksonomie)" title="Sinoniem (taksonomie) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sinoniem (taksonomie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81)" title="مرادف (تصنيف) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مرادف (تصنيف)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonimia_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Sinonimia (bioloxía) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sinonimia (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonim_(taksonomiya)" title="Sinonim (taksonomiya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sinonim (taksonomiya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6_(%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE)" title="প্রতিশব্দ (শ্রেণিবিন্যাসবিদ্যা) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রতিশব্দ (শ্রেণিবিন্যাসবিদ্যা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A2ng-%C3%AC-mi%C3%A2" title="Siâng-ì-miâ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siâng-ì-miâ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC_(%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Сінонім (таксанамія) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сінонім (таксанамія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80)" title="पर्यायवाची (टैक्सोनॉमी) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पर्यायवाची (टैक्सोनॉमी)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin%C3%B2nim_(taxonomia)" title="Sinònim (taxonomia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sinònim (taxonomia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonimo_(biyolohiya)" title="Sinonimo (biyolohiya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sinonimo (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfystyr_(tacsonomeg)" title="Cyfystyr (tacsonomeg) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfystyr (tacsonomeg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_(taksonomi)" title="Synonym (taksonomi) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Synonym (taksonomi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_(Taxonomie)" title="Synonym (Taxonomie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Synonym (Taxonomie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCnon%C3%BC%C3%BCm_(bioloogia)" title="Sünonüüm (bioloogia) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sünonüüm (bioloogia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonimia_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Sinonimia (biología) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sinonimia (biología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonimo_(taksonomio)" title="Sinonimo (taksonomio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sinonimo (taksonomio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonimo_(taxonomia)" title="Sinonimo (taxonomia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sinonimo (taxonomia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81_(%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="مترادف (زیست‌شناسی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مترادف (زیست‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonyme_(botanique)" title="Synonyme (botanique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Synonyme (botanique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonimia_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Sinonimia (bioloxía) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sinonimia (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_(%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8)" title="Синоним (таксономи) – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Синоним (таксономи)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%99%EB%AA%85%EC%9D%B4%EB%AA%85" title="학명이명 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="학명이명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonimo_(taksonomia)" title="Sinonimo (taksonomia) – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sinonimo (taksonomia)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonim_(taksonomi)" title="Sinonim (taksonomi) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sinonim (taksonomi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samheiti_(flokkunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Samheiti (flokkunarfræði) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Samheiti (flokkunarfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonimo_(tassonomia)" title="Sinonimo (tassonomia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sinonimo (tassonomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9D_%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A3_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="שם נרדף (טקסונומיה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שם נרדף (טקסונומיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szinon%C3%ADmia_(biol%C3%B3gia)" title="Szinonímia (biológia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szinonímia (biológia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_(%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Синоним (таксономија) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Синоним (таксономија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82)" title="പര്യായം (വർഗീകരണം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പര്യായം (വർഗീകരണം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonim_(taksonomi)" title="Sinonim (taksonomi) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sinonim (taksonomi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonim_(taksonomi)" title="Sinonim (taksonomi) – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sinonim (taksonomi)" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoniem_(zo%C3%B6logie)" title="Synoniem (zoölogie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Synoniem (zoölogie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%8E%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A0" title="シノニム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シノニム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_(taksonomi)" title="Synonym (taksonomi) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Synonym (taksonomi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonime_(taxinomia)" title="Sinonime (taxinomia) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sinonime (taxinomia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_(Taxonomie)" title="Synonym (Taxonomie) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Synonym (Taxonomie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonim_(taksonomia)" title="Synonim (taksonomia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Synonim (taksonomia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinon%C3%ADmia_(taxonomia)" title="Sinonímia (taxonomia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sinonímia (taxonomia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonim_(biologie)" title="Sinonim (biologie) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sinonim (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_(%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Синоним (таксономия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Синоним (таксономия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Synonym (taxonomy)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonim_(taksonomija)" title="Sinonim (taksonomija) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sinonim (taksonomija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syn%C5%8Dnim_(taks%C5%8Dnomij%C5%8F)" title="Synōnim (taksōnomijŏ) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Synōnim (taksōnomijŏ)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_(%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Синоним (таксономија) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Синоним (таксономија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonim_(taksonomi)" title="Sinonim (taksonomi) – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sinonim (taksonomi)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonyymi_(taksonomia)" title="Synonyymi (taksonomia) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Synonyymi (taksonomia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_(biologi)" title="Synonym (biologi) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Synonym (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ชื่อพ้อง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชื่อพ้อง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84_(%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3)" title="Мутародиф (зистшиносӣ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мутародиф (зистшиносӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonim_(taksonomi)" title="Sinonim (taksonomi) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sinonim (taksonomi)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinonim_(taksonomi%C3%BDa)" title="Sinonim (taksonomiýa) – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Sinonim (taksonomiýa)" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96" title="Синоніми у біологічній систематиці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Синоніми у біологічній систематиці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AAn_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_ngh%C4%A9a_(sinh_v%E1%BA%ADt_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Tên đồng nghĩa (sinh vật học) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tên đồng nghĩa (sinh vật học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E5%90%8D" title="异名 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="异名" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E5%90%8D" title="異名 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="異名" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E5%90%8D" title="異名 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="異名" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1040689#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Synonym_(taxonomy)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&action=edit&oldid=461963910" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&action=edit&oldid=461963910" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Synonym_(taxonomy)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&oldid=461963910" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Synonym_%28taxonomy%29&id=461963910&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DSynonym_%28taxonomy%29%26diff%3D461963910%26oldid%3D461937711"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DSynonym_%28taxonomy%29%26diff%3D461963910%26oldid%3D461937711"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=render_article&arttitle=Synonym+%28taxonomy%29&returnto=Synonym+%28taxonomy%29&oldid=461937711&writer=rl" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1040689" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-mw-helplink" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Diff" target="_blank" class="mw-helplink"><span class="mw-helplink-icon"></span>Help</a></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-revslider-container"><span style='width: 100%; text-align: center;' id='ooui-php-1' class='mw-revslider-toggle-button oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-indicatorElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ButtonWidget","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"indicator":"down","label":"Browse history interactively","title":"Open revision slider","classes":["mw-revslider-toggle-button"]}'><a role='button' title='Open revision slider' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-iconElement-noIcon'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Browse history interactively</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicator-down'></span></a></span><div class="mw-revslider-slider-wrapper" style="display: none;"><div class="mw-revslider-placeholder"><div class="mw-revslider-spinner"><div class="mw-revslider-bounce"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mw-diff-revision-history-links"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&diff=prev&oldid=461937711" class="mw-diff-revision-history-link-previous" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">← Previous edit</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&diff=next&oldid=461963910" class="mw-diff-revision-history-link-next" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Next edit →</a></div><div class="mw-diff-table-prefix" dir="ltr" lang="en"><div class="mw-diff-inline-legend oo-ui-element-hidden"><span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-del">Content deleted</span> <span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-ins">Content added</span></div><div class="ve-init-mw-diffPage-diffMode"><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonGroupWidget'><span aria-disabled='true' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-disabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget'><a role='button' tabindex='-1' aria-disabled='true' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-eye oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Visual</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget oo-ui-buttonElement-active'><a role='button' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-wikiText oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Wikitext</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span></span></div><div class="mw-diffPage-inlineToggle-container"><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch-layout' class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-left' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.FieldLayout","fieldWidget":{"tag":"mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch"},"$overlay":true,"label":"Inline","title":"Switches between inline format and two-column format"}'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label title='Switches between inline format and two-column format' id='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Inline</label></span><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch' title='Switches between inline format and two-column format' aria-checked='false' tabindex='0' role='switch' aria-labelledby='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-toggleWidget oo-ui-toggleWidget-off oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ToggleSwitchWidget","href":"\/w\/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&diff=461963910&oldid=461937711&diff-type=inline","value":false,"title":"Switches between inline format and two-column format"}'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-glow'></span><a href='/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&diff=461963910&oldid=461937711&diff-type=inline'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-grip'></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><table class="diff diff-type-table diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&oldid=461937711" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Revision as of 13:53, 22 November 2011</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&action=edit&oldid=461937711" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2011-11-22T13:53:38Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Bluebell15" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Bluebell15" data-mw-revid="461937711"><bdi>Bluebell15</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Bluebell15" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Bluebell15">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Bluebell15" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Bluebell15">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>85</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#Botany">→<bdi dir="ltr">Botany</bdi></a>: </span> strictly speaking there is no such thing as an invalid name (contradictio-in-terminis). Moving illegitimate names to a sentence of their own; not sure they belong here at all.</span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&diff=prev&oldid=461937711" title="Synonym (taxonomy)" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&oldid=461963910" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Revision as of 17:13, 22 November 2011</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&action=edit&oldid=461963910" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2011-11-22T17:13:33Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&action=edit&undoafter=461937711&undo=461963910" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Nadiatalent" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Nadiatalent" data-mw-revid="461963910"><bdi>Nadiatalent</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Nadiatalent" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Nadiatalent">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Nadiatalent" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Nadiatalent">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rollback" title="Wikipedia:Rollback">Rollbackers</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>13,048</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">Point taken, but I think you have illegitimate and invalid confounded. Moved and rewrote a paragraph.</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&diff=next&oldid=461963910" title="Synonym (taxonomy)" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 33:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 33:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* Heterotypic, or taxonomic, synonyms have different types. Some botanists [[lumpers and splitters|split]] the [[dandelion]] into many, quite restricted species. The name of each such species has its own type. When the dandelion is regarded as including all those small species, the names of all those species are heterotypic synonyms of ''Taraxacum officinale'' F.H.Wigg. Reducing a taxon to a heterotypic synonym is termed "to sink in synonymy" or "as synonym".</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* Heterotypic, or taxonomic, synonyms have different types. Some botanists [[lumpers and splitters|split]] the [[dandelion]] into many, quite restricted species. The name of each such species has its own type. When the dandelion is regarded as including all those small species, the names of all those species are heterotypic synonyms of ''Taraxacum officinale'' F.H.Wigg. Reducing a taxon to a heterotypic synonym is termed "to sink in synonymy" or "as synonym".</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>In botany, a name treated as a synonym does not have to be a [[valid name (botany)|valid name]]: a listing of synonyms often contains names that for some reason did not make it as a formal name (unpublished or manuscript names). Such a synonym must have the form of a formal name: it must look like a proper 'Latin name'. </div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>And of course, names that could not be used at all (such as illegitimate names) may also be synonyms, and in fact usually are synonyms.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>== Comparison between zoology and botany ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>== Comparison between zoology and botany ==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 45:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 41:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>== Synonym lists==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>== Synonym lists==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Scientific papers may include lists of taxa, synonymizing existing taxa and (in some cases) listing references to them. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_5_3_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_4_0_lhs"></a><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Scientific papers may include lists of taxa, synonymizing existing taxa and listing references to them. </del>The status of a synonym may be indicated by symbols, as for instance in a system proposed for use in [[palaeontology]] by Rudolf Richter. In that system a <code>v</code> before the year would indicate that the authors have inspected the original material; a <code>.</code> that they take on the responsibility for the act of synonymizing the taxa.<ref name=Matthews1973>{{Citation| url=http://palaeontology.palass-pubs.org/pdf/Vol%2016/Pages%20713-719.pdf| author = Matthews, S. C.| year= 1973| title= Notes on open nomenclature and synonymy lists| journal= [[Palaeontology (journal)|Palaeontology]]| volume =16 |pages= 713–719| postscript=.}}</ref></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>In botany, a name treated as a synonym has to be validly published, but a listing of synonyms may be more general than this. Unpublished or manuscript names (which are ''invalid'') have sometimes become well known (e.g., from garden catalogues) and are often listed by botanical authors. True synonyms that were validly published but did not fulfill all the requirements of the code of nomenclature (which are ''illegitimate'') are commonly listed, as are legitimate names that the author considers to be synonyms.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_4_0_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_5_3_rhs"></a>The status of a synonym may be indicated by symbols, as for instance in a system proposed for use in [[palaeontology]] by Rudolf Richter. In that system a <code>v</code> before the year would indicate that the authors have inspected the original material; a <code>.</code> that they take on the responsibility for the act of synonymizing the taxa.<ref name=Matthews1973>{{Citation| url=http://palaeontology.palass-pubs.org/pdf/Vol%2016/Pages%20713-719.pdf| author = Matthews, S. C.| year= 1973| title= Notes on open nomenclature and synonymy lists| journal= [[Palaeontology (journal)|Palaeontology]]| volume =16 |pages= 713–719| postscript=.}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>== Other usage ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>== Other usage ==</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 17:13, 22 November 2011</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>In <a href="/wiki/Scientific_nomenclature" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific nomenclature">scientific nomenclature</a>, a <b>synonym</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Scientific_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific name">scientific name</a> that is or was used for a <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxon</a> of organisms that also goes by a different scientific name.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ICBNsyn_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICBNsyn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a> was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the <a href="/wiki/Norway_spruce" class="mw-redirect" title="Norway spruce">Norway spruce</a>, which he called <i>Pinus abies</i>. This name is no longer in use: it is now a synonym of the current scientific name which is <i>Picea abies</i>. </p><p>Unlike synonyms in other contexts, in taxonomy a synonym is not interchangeable with the name that it is a synonym of. In taxonomy synonyms are not equals, but have a different status. In general, for any taxon with a particular circumscription, position and rank only one scientific name is considered to be the correct one at any given time (this correct name is to be determined by applying the relevant <a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_codes" title="Nomenclature codes">Code of Nomenclature</a>). A synonym is always the synonym of a different scientific name and cannot exist in isolation. Given that the correct name of a taxon depends on the taxonomic viewpoint used (resulting in a particular circumscription, position and rank) a name that is one taxonomist's synonym may be another taxonomist's correct name (and <i>vice versa</i>). </p><p>Synonyms may arise whenever the same taxon is described and named more than once, independently. They may also arise whenever existing taxa are changed, as when a species is moved to a different genus, or two genera are joined to become one, etc. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_usage">General usage</h2></div> <p>To the general user of scientific names, for example in agriculture, horticulture, ecology, general science, etc, a synonym is a name that used to be in the handbooks as the correct scientific name but that is no longer being used, having been displaced by another scientific name, which is now correct. In handbooks and general texts, it is very convenient to have synonyms mentioned as such, after the current scientific name, so as to avoid confusion. For example, if the much advertised name change should go through and the current name of the <a href="/wiki/Fruit_fly" class="mw-disambig" title="Fruit fly">fruit fly</a> would be changed to <i>Sophophora melanogaster</i>, it would be very helpful if any mention of this name is accompanied by "(syn. <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>)". </p><p>Such name changes may have two causes: they may be taxonomic or nomenclatural. A name change may be caused for taxonomic reasons, when the circumscription, position or rank of a taxon is changed, representing a change in taxonomic, scientific insight (as would be the case for the fruit fly, mentioned above). A name change may be caused for nomenclatural reasons, that is, based on the rules of nomenclature, like when an older name is (re)discovered which has priority over the current name. Speaking in general, name changes for nomenclatural reasons have become less frequent over time as the rules of nomenclature allow for countermeasures, so as to promote stability of scientific names. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zoology">Zoology</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Triturus_boscai.001.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Triturus_boscai.001.JPG/220px-Triturus_boscai.001.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Triturus_boscai.001.JPG/330px-Triturus_boscai.001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Triturus_boscai.001.JPG/440px-Triturus_boscai.001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>Caudata</i> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <i>Urodela</i> both mean "tailed" and have been used as a scientific name at the rank of order for the <a href="/wiki/Salamanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Salamanders">salamanders</a> (as opposed to the tail-less <a href="/wiki/Frogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Frogs">frogs</a>). Thus they are synonyms.</figcaption></figure> <p>In zoological nomenclature, codified in the <i><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</a></i>, synonyms are different scientific names of the same rank that pertain to the same <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxon</a>, for example two names for the same species. The earliest such name is called the <b>senior synonym</b>, while the later names are <b>junior synonyms</b>. One basic principle of zoological nomenclature is that the earliest correctly published (and thus <a href="/wiki/Available_name" title="Available name">available</a>) name, the senior synonym, takes precedence and must be used for the taxon, if no other restrictions interfere. Synonyms are important because if the earliest name cannot be used (for example because the same spelling had previously been used for a name established for another taxon), then the next available junior synonym must be used for the taxon. </p><p><b>Objective synonyms</b> refer to taxa with the same type and same rank (more or less the same taxon, although circumscription may vary, even widely). This may be species-group taxa of the same rank with the same <a href="/wiki/Type_specimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Type specimen">type specimen</a>, genus-group taxa of the same rank with the same <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> or if their type species are themselves objective synonyms, of family-group taxa with the same type genus, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the case of <b>subjective synonyms</b> there is no such shared type, so the synonymy is open to taxonomic judgement,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning that there is room for debate: one researcher might consider the two (or more) types to refer to one and the same taxon, another might consider them to belong to different taxa. For example, <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Gray" title="John Edward Gray">John Edward Gray</a> published the name <i>Antilocapra anteflexa</i> in 1855 for a species of <a href="/wiki/Pronghorn" title="Pronghorn">pronghorn</a>, based on a pair of horns. However, it is now commonly accepted that his specimen was an unusual individual of the species <i>Antilocapra americana</i> published by <a href="/wiki/George_Ord" title="George Ord">George Ord</a> in 1815. Ord's name thus takes precedence, with <i>Antilocapra anteflexa</i> being a junior subjective synonym. </p><p>Objective synonyms are common at the level of genera, because for various reasons two genera may contain the same type species; these are objective synonyms.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many cases researchers established new generic names because they thought this was necessary or did not know that others had previously established another genus for the same group of species. An example is the genus <i>Pomatia</i> Beck, 1837,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was established for a group of terrestrial snails containing as its type species the Burgundy or Roman snail <i><a href="/wiki/Helix_pomatia" title="Helix pomatia">Helix pomatia</a></i> – since <i>Helix pomatia</i> was already the type species for the genus <i>Helix</i> Linnaeus, 1758, the genus <i>Pomatia</i> was an objective synonym (and useless). At the same occasion <i>Helix</i> is also a synonym of <i>Pomatia</i>, but it is older and so it has precedence. </p><p>At the species level, subjective synonyms are common because of an unexpectedly large range of variation in a species, or simple ignorance about an earlier description, may lead a biologist to describe a newly discovered specimen as a new species. A common reason for objective synonyms at this level is when species are moved to a different genus: the above mentioned names of <i>Felis leo</i> and <i>Panthera leo</i> are objective synonyms. Another common reason for objective synonyms at this level is the creation of a replacement name. </p><p>It is possible for a junior synonym to be given precedence over a senior synonym,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> primarily when the senior name has not been used since 1899, and the junior name is in common use. The older name may be declared to be a <i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_oblitum" title="Nomen oblitum">nomen oblitum</a></i>, and the junior name declared a <i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_protectum" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomen protectum">nomen protectum</a></i>. This rule exists primarily to prevent the confusion that would result if a well-known name, with a large accompanying body of literature, were to be replaced by a completely unfamiliar name. An example is the European land snail <i><a href="/wiki/Petasina_edentula" title="Petasina edentula">Petasina edentula</a></i> (Draparnaud, 1805). In 2002, researchers found that an older name <i>Helix depilata</i> Draparnaud, 1801 referred to the same species, but this name had never been used after 1899 and was fixed as a <i>nomen oblitum</i> under this rule by Falkner et al. 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such a reversal of precedence is also possible if the senior synonym was established after 1900, but only if the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature</a> (ICZN) approves an application. For example, the scientific name of the <a href="/wiki/Red_imported_fire_ant" title="Red imported fire ant">red imported fire ant</a>, <i>Solenopsis invicta</i> was published by Buren in 1972, who did not know that this species was first named <i>Solenopsis saevissima wagneri</i> by Santschi in 1916; as there were thousands of publications using the name <i>invicta</i> before anyone discovered the synonymy, the ICZN, in 2001, ruled that <i>invicta</i> would be given precedence over <i>wagneri</i>. </p><p>To qualify as a synonym in zoology, a name must be properly published in accordance with the rules. Manuscript names and names that were mentioned without any description (<i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_nudum" title="Nomen nudum">nomina nuda</a></i>) are not considered as synonyms in zoological nomenclature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Botany">Botany</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Maskrosor_01.jpg" class="new" title="File:Maskrosor 01.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="180">File:Maskrosor 01.jpg</span></a><figcaption>The common dandelion <i><a href="/wiki/Taraxacum_officinale" title="Taraxacum officinale">Taraxacum officinale</a></i> sensu lato is an extremely widespread group of <a href="/wiki/Apomixis" title="Apomixis">apomictic lineages</a>, and some scientists apply the "biological species concept" to divide it into many distinct species; other scientists regard all the names for those independent species as synonyms.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Botanical_nomenclature" title="Botanical nomenclature">botanical nomenclature</a>, a synonym is a name that is not correct for the circumscription, position, and rank of the taxon as considered in the particular botanical publication. It is always "a synonym of the correct scientific name", but which name is correct depends on the taxonomic opinion of the author. In botany the various kinds of synonyms are: </p> <ul><li>Homotypic, or nomenclatural, synonyms have the same <a href="/wiki/Type_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Type (botany)">type</a>. The Linnaean name <i>Pinus abies</i> L. has the same type as <i>Picea abies</i> (L.) H.Karst. When <i>Picea</i> is taken to be the correct genus for this species (there is almost complete consensus on that), <i>Pinus abies</i> is a homotypic synonym of <i>Picea abies</i>. However, if the species were considered to belong to <i>Pinus</i> (now unlikely) the relationship would be reversed and <i>Picea abies</i> would become a homotypic synonym of <i>Pinus abies</i>. A homotypic synonym need not share an epithet or name with the correct name; what matters is that it shares the type. For example the name <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, mentioned above, has the same type as <i>Leontodon taraxacum</i> L. The latter is a homotypic synonym of <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> F.H.Wigg.</li></ul> <ul><li>Heterotypic, or taxonomic, synonyms have different types. Some botanists <a href="/wiki/Lumpers_and_splitters" title="Lumpers and splitters">split</a> the <a href="/wiki/Dandelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandelion">dandelion</a> into many, quite restricted species. The name of each such species has its own type. When the dandelion is regarded as including all those small species, the names of all those species are heterotypic synonyms of <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> F.H.Wigg. Reducing a taxon to a heterotypic synonym is termed "to sink in synonymy" or "as synonym".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_between_zoology_and_botany">Comparison between zoology and botany</h2></div> <p>Although the basic principles are fairly similar, the treatment of synonyms in botanical nomenclature differs in detail and terminology from zoological nomenclature, where the correct name is included among synonyms, although as first among equals it is the "senior synonym": </p> <ul><li>Synonyms in botany are comparable to "junior synonyms" in zoology.</li> <li>The homotypic or nomenclatural synonyms in botany are comparable to "objective synonyms" in zoology.</li> <li>The heterotypic or taxonomic synonyms in botany are comparable to "subjective synonyms" in zoology.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synonym_lists">Synonym lists</h2></div> <p>Scientific papers may include lists of taxa, synonymizing existing taxa and (in some cases) listing references to them. </p><p>In botany, a name treated as a synonym has to be validly published, but a listing of synonyms may be more general than this. Unpublished or manuscript names (which are <i>invalid</i>) have sometimes become well known (e.g., from garden catalogues) and are often listed by botanical authors. True synonyms that were validly published but did not fulfill all the requirements of the code of nomenclature (which are <i>illegitimate</i>) are commonly listed, as are legitimate names that the author considers to be synonyms. </p><p>The status of a synonym may be indicated by symbols, as for instance in a system proposed for use in <a href="/wiki/Palaeontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeontology">palaeontology</a> by Rudolf Richter. In that system a <code>v</code> before the year would indicate that the authors have inspected the original material; a <code>.</code> that they take on the responsibility for the act of synonymizing the taxa.<sup id="cite_ref-Matthews1973_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matthews1973-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_usage">Other usage</h2></div> <p>The traditional concept of synonymy is often expanded in taxonomic literature to include "pro parte" (or "for part") synonyms. These are caused by splits and circumscriptional changes. They are usually indicated by the abbreviation "p.p."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li>When <a href="/wiki/James_Edgar_Dandy" title="James Edgar Dandy">Dandy</a> described <i><a href="/wiki/Galium_tricornutum" title="Galium tricornutum">Galium tricornutum</a></i>, he cited <i>G. tricorne</i> Stokes (1787) pro parte as a synonym, but explicitly excluded the type (specimen) of <i>G. tricorne</i> from the new species <i>G. tricornutum</i>. Thus <i>G. tricorne</i> was subdivided.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</a>'s summary of plant classification states that family <a href="/wiki/Verbenaceae" title="Verbenaceae">Verbenaceae</a> "are much reduced compared to a decade or so ago, and many genera have been placed in <a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a>", but <i><a href="/wiki/Avicennia" title="Avicennia">Avicennia</a></i>, which was once included in Verbenaceae has been moved to <a href="/wiki/Acanthaceae" title="Acanthaceae">Acanthaceae</a>. Thus, <i>it could be said</i> that Verbenaceae pro parte is a synonym of Acanthaceae, and Verbenaceae pro parte is also a synonym of Lamiaceae. However, <i>this terminology is rarely used</i> because it is clearer to reserve the term "pro parte" for situations that divide a taxon that includes the type from one that does not.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">Synonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomen_oblitum" title="Nomen oblitum">Nomen oblitum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chresonym" title="Chresonym">Chresonym</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ICZN"><i>ICZN</i></a>, "Glossary", entry for "synonym"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICBNsyn-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICBNsyn_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ICBN"><i>ICBN</i></a>, Appendix VII "Glossary", entry for "synonym"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ICZN"><i>ICZN</i></a>, Art. 61.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ICZN"><i>ICZN</i></a>, Art. 61.3.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ICZN"><i>ICZN</i></a>, Art. 61.3.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p. 43 in Beck, H. 1837. Index molluscorum præsentis ævi musei principis augustissimi Christiani Frederici. – pp. 1–100 [1837], 101–124 [1838]. Hafniæ.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ICZN"><i>ICZN</i></a>, Art. 23.9 "reversal of precedence"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Falkner, G., Ripken, T. E. J. & Falkner, M. 2002. Mollusques continentaux de France. Liste de référence annotée et bibliographie. – pp. [1–2], 1–350, [1–3]. Paris.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matthews1973-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Matthews1973_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMatthews,_S._C.1973" class="citation cs2">Matthews, S. C. (1973), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palaeontology.palass-pubs.org/pdf/Vol%2016/Pages%20713-719.pdf">"Notes on open nomenclature and synonymy lists"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Palaeontology_(journal)" title="Palaeontology (journal)">Palaeontology</a></i>, <b>16</b>: 713–719.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palaeontology&rft.atitle=Notes+on+open+nomenclature+and+synonymy+lists&rft.volume=16&rft.pages=713-719&rft.date=1973&rft.au=Matthews%2C+S.+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpalaeontology.palass-pubs.org%2Fpdf%2FVol%252016%2FPages%2520713-719.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynonym+%28taxonomy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerendsohn1995" class="citation cs2">Berendsohn, W. G. (1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/biodivinf/docs/PotentialTaxa/PotentialTaxa.pdf">"The concept of "potential taxa" in databases"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Taxon</i>, <b>44</b> (2): 207–212, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1222443">10.2307/1222443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taxon&rft.atitle=The+concept+of+%22potential+taxa%22+in+databases&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=207-212&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1222443&rft.aulast=Berendsohn&rft.aufirst=W.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bgbm.fu-berlin.de%2Fbiodivinf%2Fdocs%2FPotentialTaxa%2FPotentialTaxa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynonym+%28taxonomy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackwelder1967" class="citation cs2">Blackwelder, R.A. (1967), <i>Taxonomy: A text and reference book</i>, New York: Wiley, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-07800-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-07800-5"><bdi>978-0-471-07800-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taxonomy%3A+A+text+and+reference+book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-471-07800-5&rft.aulast=Blackwelder&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynonym+%28taxonomy%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubois2000" class="citation cs2">Dubois, A. (2000), "Synonymies and related lists in zoology: general proposals, with examples in herpetology", <i>Dumerilia</i>, <b>4</b>: 33–98</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dumerilia&rft.atitle=Synonymies+and+related+lists+in+zoology%3A+general+proposals%2C+with+examples+in+herpetology&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=33-98&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Dubois&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynonym+%28taxonomy%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|part=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="ICZN" class="citation cs2">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/index.jsp"><i>International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</i></a> (4th ed.), The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85301-006-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85301-006-7"><bdi>978-0-85301-006-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-21</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Code+of+Zoological+Nomenclature&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=The+International+Trust+for+Zoological+Nomenclature&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-85301-006-7&rft.au=International+Commission+on+Zoological+Nomenclature&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhm.ac.uk%2Fhosted-sites%2Ficzn%2Fcode%2Findex.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynonym+%28taxonomy%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="ICBN" class="citation cs2">McNeill, J.; Barrie, F.R.; Burdet, H.M.; Demoulin, V., eds. (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm"><i>International code of botanical nomenclature (Vienna Code) adopted by the seventeenth International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, July 2005</i></a> (electronic ed.), Vienna: International Association for Plant Taxonomy<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-20</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+code+of+botanical+nomenclature+%28Vienna+Code%29+adopted+by+the+seventeenth+International+Botanical+Congress%2C+Vienna%2C+Austria%2C+July+2005&rft.place=Vienna&rft.edition=electronic&rft.pub=International+Association+for+Plant+Taxonomy&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fibot.sav.sk%2Ficbn%2Fmain.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynonym+%28taxonomy%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|lastauthoramp=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|name-list-style=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span> – as of October 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the latest version (the <i>Melbourne Code</i>) is not yet online, so references are to the earlier <i>Vienna Code</i>.</li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&oldid=461963910">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&oldid=461963910</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Botanical_nomenclature" title="Category:Botanical nomenclature">Botanical nomenclature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Zoological_nomenclature" title="Category:Zoological nomenclature">Zoological nomenclature</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_missing_files" title="Category:Articles with missing files">Articles with missing files</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_unsupported_parameter" title="Category:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter">CS1 errors: unsupported parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_October_2011" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2011">Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2011, at 17:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span class="nowraplinks">This version of the page has been <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">revised</a>. Besides normal editing, the reason for revision may have been that this version contains factual inaccuracies, vandalism, or material not compatible with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>.</span></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Synonym_(taxonomy)&diff=461963910&oldid=461937711&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-csdqc","wgBackendResponseTime":576,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.199","walltime":"0.242","ppvisitednodes":{"value":817,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":13660,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":686,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":19786,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 185.615 1 -total"," 75.35% 139.867 6 Template:Citation"," 72.91% 135.331 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.45% 21.252 1 Template:As_of"," 6.61% 12.268 1 Template:DMCA"," 5.18% 9.610 1 Template:Dated_maintenance_category"," 3.06% 5.684 1 Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME"," 2.12% 3.943 1 Template:Ns_has_subpages"," 2.00% 3.713 3 Template:MONTHNAME"," 1.08% 2.014 2 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.108","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3909053,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-csdqc","timestamp":"20241124020518","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Synonym (taxonomy)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synonym_(taxonomy)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1040689","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1040689","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-11-28T19:14:11Z","dateModified":"2011-11-22T17:13:33Z","headline":"one of two or more names that apply to the same taxon"}</script> </body> </html>