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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaces_esternos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Enllaces esternos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaces_esternos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteníu" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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Disponible en 40 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 llingües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D8%BA" title="ويليمينا فليمنغ – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويليمينا فليمنغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82" title="ویلیامینا فلمینق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیامینا فلمینق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Уилямина Флеминг – búlgaru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уилямина Флеминг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="উইলিয়ামিনা ফ্লেমিং – bengalín" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইলিয়ামিনা ফ্লেমিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Flemingov%C3%A1" title="Williamina Flemingová – checu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Williamina Flemingová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%A6%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Γουιλιαμίνα Φλέμινγκ – griegu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουιλιαμίνα Φλέμινγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – vascu" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="vascu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ویلیامینا فلمینگ – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیامینا فلمینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="artículo recomendado"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – gaélicu escocés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélicu escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – gallegu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – ḥausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ḥausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="וילמינה פלמינג – hebréu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וילמינה פלמינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebréu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – húngaru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1_%D5%96%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Վիլյամինա Ֆլեմինգ – armeniu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիլյամինա Ֆլեմինգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – italianu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="ウィリアミーナ・フレミング – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアミーナ・フレミング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ვილიამინა ფლემინგი – xeorxanu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვილიამინა ფლემინგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4%EB%AF%B8%EB%82%98_%ED%94%8C%EB%A0%88%EB%B0%8D" title="윌리어미나 플레밍 – coreanu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리어미나 플레밍" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – luxemburgués" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="വില്യമീന സ്റ്റീവൻസ് ഫ്ലെമിങ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വില്യമീന സ്റ്റീവൻസ് ഫ്ലെമിങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – noruegu Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegu Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – polacu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Флеминг, Вильямина – rusu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Флеминг, Вильямина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – suecu" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suecu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="வில்லியமினா பிளெமிங் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்லியமினா பிளெமிங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – turcu" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Вільяміна Флемінг – ucraín" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільяміна Флемінг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming – vietnamín" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Williamina Fleming" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ვილიამინა ფლემინგი – mingrelianu" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვილიამინა ფლემინგი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%95%8F%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E6%98%8E" title="威廉敏娜·弗萊明 – chinu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威廉敏娜·弗萊明" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q284180#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar los enllaces d'interllingua" class="wbc-editpage">Editar los enllaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nome"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Ver la páxina de conteníu [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Páxina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderique:Williamina_Fleming&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Alderique tocante al conteníu de la páxina (la páxina nun esiste) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Alderique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar variante de 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rellacionaos</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ast" title="Xubir ficheros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Xubir ficheru</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginasEspeciales" title="Llista de toles páxines especiales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páxines especiales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Fleming&oldid=4234444" title="Enllaz permanente a esta revisión de la páxina"><span>Enllaz permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Fleming&action=info" title="Más información sobro esta páxina"><span>Información de la páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Williamina_Fleming&id=4234444&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Información tocante a cómo citar esta páxina"><span>Citar 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href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Williamina_Fleming&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descargar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Fleming&printable=yes" title="Versión imprentable d'esta páxina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versión pa imprentar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> N'otros proyeutos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Williamina_Fleming" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q284180" title="Enllaz al elementu del depósitu de datos coneutáu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elementu de Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramientes de páxina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">despintar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-tradubot" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Esti artículu foi traducíu automáticamente y precisa revisase manualmente"><img alt="Esti artículu foi traducíu automáticamente y precisa revisase manualmente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/16px-Robot_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/24px-Robot_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/32px-Robot_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ast" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox plantia-persona" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="hd" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: lightsteelblue"><div style="float:center; padding:.1em;" class="noprint"></div>Williamina Fleming<span style="float:right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/30px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/45px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/60px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="730" /></span></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg/260px-Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg/390px-Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg/520px-Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_circa_1890s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1463" data-file-height="1894" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Vida</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Nacimientu</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a><sup id="cite_ref-63f81a5a6d4485dc712eefbdea434dc37ba44673_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63f81a5a6d4485dc712eefbdea434dc37ba44673-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/15_de_mayu" title="15 de mayu">15 de mayu</a> de <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a><sup id="cite_ref-8e88bd734a3026e6f9aa3b2593f9ce3852f9593d_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8e88bd734a3026e6f9aa3b2593f9ce3852f9593d-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Nacionalidá</th><td> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bandera de Estaos Xuníos d'América"><img alt="Bandera de Estaos Xuníos d'América" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" class="mw-redirect" title="Estaos Xuníos">Estaos Xuníos</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bandera del Reinu Xuníu"><img alt="Bandera del Reinu Xuníu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Reinu_Xun%C3%ADu" title="Reinu Xuníu">Reinu Xuníu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Residencia</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Muerte</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a><sup id="cite_ref-63f81a5a6d4485dc712eefbdea434dc37ba44673_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63f81a5a6d4485dc712eefbdea434dc37ba44673-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/21_de_mayu" title="21 de mayu">21 de mayu</a> de <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a><sup id="cite_ref-63f81a5a6d4485dc712eefbdea434dc37ba44673_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63f81a5a6d4485dc712eefbdea434dc37ba44673-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (54 años)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Sepultura</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cementerio_Monte_Auburn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cementerio Monte Auburn (la páxina nun esiste)">Cementerio Monte Auburn</a> <sup>(es)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1950363?uselang=ast" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-e5823a4f28d35706cd7a689da3822f942b5306e6_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e5823a4f28d35706cd7a689da3822f942b5306e6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Causa de la muerte</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Causes_naturales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Causes naturales (la páxina nun esiste)">causes naturales</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Estudios</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Direutor de tesis</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Charles_Pickering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Charles Pickering (la páxina nun esiste)">Edward Charles Pickering</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Llingües falaes</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Idioma_ingl%C3%A9s" title="Idioma inglés">inglés</a><sup id="cite_ref-2ebcd85f1d08c7518ccb96070545af2460b895b4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2ebcd85f1d08c7518ccb96070545af2460b895b4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Oficiu</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Astr%C3%B3nomu" title="Astrónomu">astrónoma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Emplegadores</th><td> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q637936" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q637936">Observatorio Harvard College</a> <sup>(es)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637936?uselang=ast" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Trabayos destacaos</th><td> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Descubrimiento&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Descubrimiento (la páxina nun esiste)">descubrimiento</a> <sup>(es)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12772819?uselang=ast" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Miembru de</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Ordenadores_de_Harvard" title="Ordenadores de Harvard">Ordenadores de Harvard</a> <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Astronomical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Astronomical Society (la páxina nun esiste)">American Astronomical Society</a> <sup>(es)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463435?uselang=ast" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socied%C3%A1_Astron%C3%B3mica_de_Francia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociedá Astronómica de Francia (la páxina nun esiste)">Sociedá Astronómica de Francia</a> <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Astronomical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Astronomical Society (la páxina nun esiste)">Royal Astronomical Society</a> <sup>(es)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753299?uselang=ast" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Signature_of_Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_(1857%E2%80%931911).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Signature_of_Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_%281857%E2%80%931911%29.png/200px-Signature_of_Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_%281857%E2%80%931911%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Signature_of_Williamina_Paton_Stevens_Fleming_%281857%E2%80%931911%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="54" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284180" title="Cambiar los datos en Wikidata"><img alt="Cambiar los datos en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/18px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/24px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming</b> (<a href="/wiki/15_de_mayu" title="15 de mayu">15 de mayu</a> de <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a> – <a href="/wiki/21_de_mayu" title="21 de mayu">21 de mayu</a> de <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>), conocida como <b>Williamina Fleming</b>, foi una <a href="/wiki/Astr%C3%B3noma" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrónoma">astrónoma</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" class="mw-redirect" title="Estaos Xuníos">Estaos Xuníos</a> d'orixe <a href="/wiki/Escocia" title="Escocia">escocés</a>. Contratada primeramente como auxiliar nel observatoriu de Harvard y ensin formación específica n'astronomía, realizó numberosos descubrimientos de cuerpos estelares, contribuyendo decisivamente a la confección del <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logu_Henry_Draper" title="Catálogu Henry Draper"><i>Catálogu Estelar Henry Draper</i></a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Semblanza">Semblanza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Fleming&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar seición: Semblanza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Fleming&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Semblanza"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Mina Fleming</b> asistió a la escuela pública de Dundee, y a los 14 años ayudó na enseñanza de los mozos actuando de maestra coles mesmes que recibía enseñanza como alumna por aciu el sistema <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pupil-teacher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pupil-teacher (la páxina nun esiste)">pupil-teacher</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En mayu de <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>, a la edá de 20 años, casóse con James Orr Fleming y al añu siguiente treslladar a <a href="/wiki/Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" class="mw-redirect" title="Estaos Xuníos">Estaos Xuníos</a>, asitiándose na ciudá de <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>. Cuando quedó embarazada del so fíu Edward en <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>, el so home abandonar, viéndose obligada a atopar trabayu pa poder caltenese tanto ella como'l so fíu. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:A_reproduction_of_a_composite_colour_image_of_the_Horsehead_Nebula_and_its_immediate_surroundings_-_Eso0202a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/A_reproduction_of_a_composite_colour_image_of_the_Horsehead_Nebula_and_its_immediate_surroundings_-_Eso0202a.jpg/220px-A_reproduction_of_a_composite_colour_image_of_the_Horsehead_Nebula_and_its_immediate_surroundings_-_Eso0202a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/A_reproduction_of_a_composite_colour_image_of_the_Horsehead_Nebula_and_its_immediate_surroundings_-_Eso0202a.jpg/330px-A_reproduction_of_a_composite_colour_image_of_the_Horsehead_Nebula_and_its_immediate_surroundings_-_Eso0202a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/A_reproduction_of_a_composite_colour_image_of_the_Horsehead_Nebula_and_its_immediate_surroundings_-_Eso0202a.jpg/440px-A_reproduction_of_a_composite_colour_image_of_the_Horsehead_Nebula_and_its_immediate_surroundings_-_Eso0202a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4961" data-file-height="5105" /></a><figcaption>Imaxe de la <a href="/wiki/Nebulosa_Cabeza_de_Caballu" title="Nebulosa Cabeza de Caballu">Nebulosa Cabeza de Caballu</a>, afayada por Fleming</figcaption></figure> <p>Trabayó como emplegada del llar na casa d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Charles_Pickering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Charles Pickering (la páxina nun esiste)">Edward Charles Pickering</a>, un famosu profesor d'<a href="/wiki/Astronom%C3%ADa" title="Astronomía">astronomía</a>, y direutor del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvard_College_Observatory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvard College Observatory (la páxina nun esiste)">Harvard College Observatory</a>. Pickering taba atayáu col so asistente masculín, y declaró que la so asistenta podría desempeñar meyor el so trabayu. Ye asina qu'en <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>, Pickering ufiertó-y a Fleming un emplegu temporal nel observatoriu, pa faer xeres rutinaries d'oficina y dellos cálculos matemáticos, y llueu pasó a ser miembru permanente del personal d'investigación no que dempués se bautizó como les <a href="/wiki/Ordenadores_de_Harvard" title="Ordenadores de Harvard">Ordenadores de Harvard</a>. Poner al cargu de decenes de muyeres nueves, que fueron emplegaes pa faer cálculos matemáticos, procesu qu'anguaño faen los ordenadores, y dirixir con una disciplina implacable, siendo tarrecida y almirada a partes iguales. Amás, corrixó tolos orixinales de les publicaciones del observatoriu. Ayudó a ellaborar un sistema de asignación d'estrelles, que básicamente consistía n'asignar una lletra, que dependía de la cantidá del <a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xenu" title="Hidróxenu">hidróxenu</a> reparáu nel so <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espectru_at%C3%B3micu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espectru atómicu (la páxina nun esiste)">espectru</a>. Les estrelles clasificaes cola lletra A taben formaes por hidróxenu casi na so totalidá, les clasificaes cola lletra B conteníen menos hidróxenu, y asina socesivamente. Esti sistema sirviólu a <a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a> como base de trabayu, que ameyoró pa desenvolver una clasificación basada na <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a>. Nos siguientes 30 años de la so vida, collaboró nel analís fotográficu d'espectros estelares. </p><p>Fleming contribuyó na confección del <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logu_Henry_Draper" title="Catálogu Henry Draper">catálogu Henry Draper</a>, y nun periodu de nueve años, catalogó más de 10 000 estrelles. Nesi tiempu tamién afayó 59 <a href="/wiki/Nebulosa" title="Nebulosa">nebuloses</a> gaseoses, 310 <a href="/wiki/Estrelles_variables" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrelles variables">estrelles variables</a>, y 10 <a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">noves</a>. Tamién estableció los primeros estándares fotográficos de magnitú usaos pa midir el rellumu de les estrelles variables. En <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>, publicó un llistáu que contenía 222 estrelles variables qu'ella había descubiertu, y en <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>, afayó propiedaes de los espectros de les <a href="/wiki/Nanes_blanques" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanes blanques">nanes blanques</a>, estrelles bien trupes y bien calientes.<sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilid%C3%A1" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilidá">ensin referencies</a></i>]</sup> </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>, Fleming afayó la <a href="/wiki/Nebulosa_Cabeza_de_Caballu" title="Nebulosa Cabeza de Caballu">Nebulosa Cabeza de Caballu</a>. William Pickering, quien tomó la fotografía, especuló que naquel llugar había <a href="/wiki/Materia_escuro" title="Materia escuro">materia escuro</a> oculta. Nos artículos y llibros siguientes Williamina Fleming nun apaez nos creitos, yá que <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dreyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Dreyer (la páxina nun esiste)">John Dreyer</a>, el principal encargáu d'arrexuntar información pal primera <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cat%C3%A1logu_%C3%8Dndiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catálogu Índiz (la páxina nun esiste)">Catálogu Índiz</a>, esanició'l so nome de la llista d'oxetos qu'afayaron, atribuyendo toles aportaciones a "Pickering". Sicasí, nel segundu Catálogu Índiz de <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>, Fleming recibió los creitos que-y correspondíen.<sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilid%C3%A1" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilidá">ensin referencies</a></i>]</sup> </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>, Fleming recibió un títulu de Conservadora del Archivu de Fotografíes Astronómiques en Harvard, tratándose del primer cargu institucional en Harvard que se concedía a una muyer. En <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>, llogró una plaza honoraria na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Astronomical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Astronomical Society (la páxina nun esiste)">Royal Astronomical Society</a> de Londres, siendo la primer muyer en ser escoyida, y consiguió un premiu honorariu del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wellesley_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wellesley College (la páxina nun esiste)">Wellesley College</a>. Poco dempués de la so muerte, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Socied%C3%A1_Astron%C3%B3mica_de_M%C3%A9xicu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociedá Astronómica de Méxicu (la páxina nun esiste)">Sociedá Astronómica de Méxicu</a> galardonar cola medaya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadalupe_Almendaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guadalupe Almendaro (la páxina nun esiste)">Guadalupe Almendaro</a> pol descubrimientu de nueves estrelles. </p><p>Morrió de <a href="/wiki/Neumon%C3%ADa" title="Neumonía">Neumonía</a> en <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obra">Obra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Fleming&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar seición: Obra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Fleming&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Obra"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Draper Catalogue of Stellar Spectra</i> (<a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><i>A Photographic Study of Variable Stars</i> (<a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>)</li> <li><i>Spectra and Photographic Magnitúes of Stars in Standard Regions</i> (<a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eponimia">Eponimia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Fleming&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar seición: Eponimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Fleming&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Eponimia"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>El <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fleming_(cr%C3%A1ter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fleming (cráter) (la páxina nun esiste)">cráter llunar <i>Fleming</i></a> lleva esti nome na so memoria, honor compartíu col científicu británicu del mesmu apellíu <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a> (1881-1955), descubridor de la <a href="/wiki/Penicilina" title="Penicilina">penicilina</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencies">Referencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Fleming&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar seición: Referencies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Fleming&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Referencies"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3503771">@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .llistaref{column-count:1!important}}</style><div class="llistaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-63f81a5a6d4485dc712eefbdea434dc37ba44673-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-63f81a5a6d4485dc712eefbdea434dc37ba44673_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-63f81a5a6d4485dc712eefbdea434dc37ba44673_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-63f81a5a6d4485dc712eefbdea434dc37ba44673_1-2">1,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Afirmao en: <i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28721132" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q28721132">The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science</a></i>. Tomu: 1. Páxina: 452. Editorial: Routledge. Llingua de la obra o nome: inglés. Data d'espublización: 16 avientu 2003. Autor: Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8e88bd734a3026e6f9aa3b2593f9ce3852f9593d-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8e88bd734a3026e6f9aa3b2593f9ce3852f9593d_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Afirmao en: <i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29861311" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q29861311">SNAC</a></i>. Identificador SNAC Ark: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6rr20hq">w6rr20hq</a>. Apaez como: Williamina Fleming. Data de consulta: 9 ochobre 2017. Llingua de la obra o nome: inglés.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e5823a4f28d35706cd7a689da3822f942b5306e6-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-e5823a4f28d35706cd7a689da3822f942b5306e6_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Afirmao en: <i><a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></i>. Llingua de la obra o nome: inglés.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2ebcd85f1d08c7518ccb96070545af2460b895b4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2ebcd85f1d08c7518ccb96070545af2460b895b4_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/083594175">idRef</a>» <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(francés)</span></span>.  Agencia Bibliográfica de Enseñanza Superior. Consultáu'l 22 mayu 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(n'inglés) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071124175835/http://www.lgfl.net/lgfl/accounts/holnet/upload/lsb/teachers/pupils.htm">pupil-teacher</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFCannon,_A._J.">Cannon, A. J.. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1911ApJ....34..314C">Williamina Paton Fleming</a>». <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i> <b>34</b>. <small>p. 314</small><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1911ApJ....34..314C">http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1911ApJ....34..314C</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Williamina+Paton+Fleming&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.aulast=Cannon%2C+A.+J.&rft.au=Cannon%2C+A.+J.&rft.volume=34&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.adsabs.harvard.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnph-iarticle_query%3F1911ApJ....34..314C&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Williamina_Fleming"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaces_esternos">Enllaces esternos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Fleming&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar seición: Enllaces esternos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Fleming&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Enllaces esternos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?1990PASP..102.1337W">The discovery of early photographs of the Horsehead nebula, by Waldee & Hazen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070312071923/http://home.earthlink.net/~astru-app/horsehead/B33-19thC_4.htm">The Horsehead Nebula in the 19th Century, by Waldee</a></li></ul> <style 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_d&#039;autoridaes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_d&#039;autoridaes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ayuda:Control_d%27autoridaes" title="Ayuda:Control d'autoridaes">Control d'autoridaes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Proyeutos Wikimedia</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284180" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q284180">Q284180</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Williamina_Fleming">Williamina Fleming</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/244145054">WorldCat</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/244145054/">244145054</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000385708472">0000000385708472</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1102281646">1102281646</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2014023782">n2014023782</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29861311" class="extiw" title="d:Q29861311">SNAC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6rr20hq">w6rr20hq</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/083594175">083594175</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL2400748A?mode=all">OL2400748A</a></span></li> <li><b>Diccionarios y enciclopedies</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Brit%C3%A1nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Enciclopedia Británica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Williamina-Paton-Stevens-Fleming">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284180" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q284180">Q284180</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Williamina_Fleming">Williamina Fleming</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <p><br /> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Sacáu de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Fleming&oldid=4234444">https://ast.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Williamina_Fleming&oldid=4234444</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categor%C3%ADas" title="Especial:Categorías">Categoríes</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Muyeres" title="Categoría:Muyeres">Muyeres</a></li><li><a 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