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Culture of Libya - Wikipedia

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href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%99%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B8%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Ливия мәҙәниәте – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ливия мәҙәниәте" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_de_Libia" title="Cultura de Libia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cultura de Libia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_de_la_Libye" title="Culture de la Libye – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Culture de la Libye" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libijos_kult%C5%ABra" title="Libijos kultūra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Libijos kultūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebudayaan_Libya" title="Kebudayaan Libya – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kebudayaan Libya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_da_L%C3%ADbia" title="Cultura da Líbia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cultura da Líbia" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Culture+of+Libya%22">"Culture of Libya"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Culture+of+Libya%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Culture+of+Libya%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Culture+of+Libya%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Culture+of+Libya%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Culture+of+Libya%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Libyan_Asida.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Libyan_Asida.jpg/200px-Libyan_Asida.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Libyan_Asida.jpg/300px-Libyan_Asida.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Libyan_Asida.jpg/400px-Libyan_Asida.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Asida" title="Asida">Asida</a> is Libya's traditional breakfast. It consists of a cooked <a href="/wiki/Wheat_flour" title="Wheat flour">wheat flour</a> lump of dough, sometimes with added <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>, or date syrup.</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></b> is a <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North African</a> country along the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. It is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> to the southeast, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> to the south, and <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> to the west. The Libyan culture is a blend of many influences, due to its exposure to many historical eras. Its culture involves roots in Berber, African, Turkish and Arab cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Libya was also an Italian colony for about three decades, which had a great impact on the culture. Libya has managed to keep its traditional folk culture alive to today. </p><p>Most Libyans are Berber and Arab, and 96.6% are Muslim Sunnis. Languages spoken in Libya include Arabic, Berber, Italian and English. </p><p>90% of the country is desert and that is the reason that only 10% of Libya’s population lives outside the coastline region. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flag">Flag</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Libya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/220px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/330px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/440px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Libya" title="Flag of Libya">Flag of Libya</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Flag: In February 2011, when the Libyan revolution took place, the national Transition Council reintroduced the old flag used by the kingdom prior to Gaddafi’s military coup in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The flag consists of three colors, red, black and green, which represent the three major regions of the country, red for Fezzan, Black for Cyrenaica and green for Tripolitania; the crescent and star represent the main religion of Libya, Islam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Libyan_literature" title="Libyan literature">Libyan literature</a></div> <p>Libyan literature has its roots in <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">antiquity</a>, but contemporary writing from <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> draws on a variety of influences. </p><p>Libyan poet <a href="/wiki/Khaled_Mattawa" title="Khaled Mattawa">Khaled Mattawa</a> remarks: </p> <dl><dd><i>"Against claims that Libya has a limited body of literature, classicists may be quick to note that ancient Greek lyric poet <a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a> and the exquisite prose stylist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinesius&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinesius (page does not exist)">Sinesius</a> were Libyan. But students of <a href="/wiki/Libyan_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan history">Libyan history</a> and literature will note that a vast time gap between those ancient luminaries and the writers of today. [...] Libya has historically made a limited contribution to <a href="/wiki/Arabian_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabian literature">Arabian literature</a>"</i>.</dd></dl> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Arab_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Renaissance">Arab Renaissance</a> (<i>Al-Nahda</i>) of the late 19th and early 20th centuries did not reach Libya as early as other Arab lands, and Libyans contributed little to its initial development. However, Libya at this time developed its own literary tradition, centred on <a href="/wiki/Oral_poetry" title="Oral poetry">oral poetry</a>, much of which expressed the suffering brought about by the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Libya_as_Italian_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Libya as Italian Colony">Italian colonial period</a>. </p><p>Libyan literature began to bloom in the late 1960s, with the writings of <a href="/wiki/Sadeq_al-Neihum" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadeq al-Neihum">Sadeq al-Neihum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalifa_al-Fakhri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalifa al-Fakhri (page does not exist)">Khalifa al-Fakhri</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khamel_al-Maghur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Khamel al-Maghur (page does not exist)">Khamel al-Maghur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prose" title="Prose">prose</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_al-Shaltami&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad al-Shaltami (page does not exist)">Muhammad al-Shaltami</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_al-Regeie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali al-Regeie (page does not exist)">Ali al-Regeie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>). Many Libyan writers of the 1960s adhered to <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a>, and generally <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a> views. </p><p>In 1969, a <a href="/wiki/History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi#Coup_d&#39;état_of_1969" title="History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi">military coup</a> brought <a href="/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muammar al-Gaddafi">Muammar al-Gaddafi</a> to power. In the mid-1970s, the new government set up a single publishing house, and authors were required to write in support of the authorities. Those who refused were imprisoned, emigrated, or ceased writing. Censorship laws were loosened, but not abolished in the early 1990s, resulting in a literary renewal. Some measure of dissent began to be expressed in Libyan literature, but books remained censored and self-censored to a significant extent. </p><p>With the overthrow of Gaddafi's government in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Libyan Civil War">Libyan Civil War</a>, literary censorship was abolished, and Article 14 of the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_interim_Constitutional_Declaration" title="Libyan interim Constitutional Declaration">interim constitution</a> guarantees "liberty of the press, publication and mass media". Contemporary Libyan literature is influenced by "local lore, North African and Eastern Mediterranean Arabian literatures, and world literature at large" (K. Mattawa). Émigré writers have also contributed significantly to Libyan literature, and include <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Al-Kouni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrahim Al-Kouni">Ibrahim Al-Kouni</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Al-Faqih&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Al-Faqih (page does not exist)">Ahmad Al-Faqih</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sadeq_al-Neihum" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadeq al-Neihum">Sadeq al-Neihum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Libyan_cuisine" title="Libyan cuisine">Libyan cuisine</a></div><p>Libyan dishes borrow from the Arabic, Mediterranean and Italian cultures that met in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> &#160;Olives, palm oil, dates, unleavened bread, and stuffed sweet peppers appear frequently in meals. Libyans do not consume any type of pork and all meats must be halal (killed humanely and prayed over according to Muslim customs). Attention to detail in Libyan cooking is very important; in fact, many spices are used in all the dishes and they need to be put in by the right amounts to enrich the taste. The Libyan diet is rich with seafood and includes a diversity of vegetables and cereals. </p><p>Meals are of great symbolic importance in the Libyan culture and the biggest meal of the day is lunch. Shops and businesses close for a couple of hours in the afternoon to allow families to gather together and eat.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Meals usually end with fruit or melon (Libya is known to have excellent fruit crops). They also drink green tea after meals to help aid digestion. Libyans love tea and coffee, and families usually gather together for their afternoon tea/coffee and catch up on the daily gossip. Libyan tea is known with it thick consistency.The Libyan tea is like black syrup, very strong. To follow tradition, the tea is usually first poured into a mug and then into another then back to the original mug, back and forth for a few minutes then poured from a high distance to the glass to form ‘ragwwa’ or foam.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Libyan soup is a very famous dish throughout Libya and is often presented as a starter. It is considered to be an important dish in Ramadan, where people usually break their fast with soup (after having a glass of milk and a couple of dates).&#160; It is a thick highly spiced soup, known simply as&#160;<i>Shorba Arabiya</i>, or "Arabian soup". It contains many of the ingredients from many other Libyan dishes, including&#160;onions,&#160;tomatoes, meat&#160;(chicken&#160;or&#160;lamb),&#160;chili peppers,&#160;cayenne pepper,&#160;saffron,&#160;chickpeas,&#160;mint,&#160;cilantro, and&#160;parsley.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bazeen&#160;is also a very recognizable Libyan food. It is made of a mixture of&#160;barley&#160;flour, with a little plain flour. The flour is boiled in salted water to make a hard dough, then it kneaded into a semi-spherical ball and placed in the middle of a large bowl (women sit on the floor and hold the pan between their legs while using a wooden ladle to mix and kneed the dough to its solid and thick consistency), around which the sauce is poured. The sauce around the dough is made by frying chopped onions with lamb meat, adding&#160;turmeric,&#160;salt, cayenne pepper, black pepper,&#160;fenugreek, sweet&#160;paprika, and&#160;tomato paste.&#160;Potatoes&#160;can also be added. Finally,&#160;eggs&#160;are boiled and arranged around the dome. The dish is then served with a well-known Libyan salad/complement of pickled carrots, cucumber and chili peppers, known as&#160;<i>amasyar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another type of Bazzin is called ‘Aish’ or ‘Aseeda’ which basically follows the same concept of the Bazzin except it is made with pure white flour, has a smoother and softer texture and is eaten sweet by adding honey, date syrup or on some occasions powdered sugar. Aish is normally eaten as breakfast or in special occasion, like a baby born or ‘Maylood’, (Mohammed’s birthdate). </p><p>One of the most popular meals in the Libyan cuisine, which is also a Libyan specialty, since it is not found anywhere else, is&#160;<i>batata mubattana</i>&#160;(filled potato). It consists of fried potato pieces filled with spiced minced meat and covered with egg and breadcrumbs. </p><p>Some other popular dishes in Libya include a diversity of pasta, which are one of Italy’s lasting influences and couscous, which is widely popular across the North African region. </p><p>All&#160;alcohol&#160;is banned in Libya, in accordance with&#160;Sharia, the religious laws of&#160;Islam. Bottled mineral water is widely consumed, as well as various soft drinks, such as&#160;Coca-Cola. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Libyan_Traditional_Dress">Libyan Traditional Dress</h2></div> <p>Nowadays, in modern Libya, people no longer wear the traditional dress very often, especially women, except the elderly Libyans, who still comply with traditions. The normal dress includes international modernized fashion that has spread out from the Western World. Women in Libya dress modestly and most of them wear the Hijab (Islam women choose whether or not to wear this.) </p><p>The traditional dress is now limited to special occasions; men wear it more often. In fact, it is popularly worn for Friday prayers, Eid (Islamic holiday) and weddings. Although the outfit slightly differs from one area to another, Libyan men’s clothes tend to be similar across entire Libya. It consists of a long white shirt ‘Jalabiya’or ‘Qamis’, long trousers ‘Sirwal’ and a vest called ‘Sadriya’ that is usually heavily knit with black silk and has buttons on its front. Men also wear a headdress called a ‘Shashiyah’ that is usually red or black.&#160;Men in Tripolitania prefer wearing the black Shashiyah while the men in Cyrenaica wear both. Libyan men also wear a tight, knitted, white cap underneath the Shashiyah for when they are indoors. A large outer cloak known as ‘Jarid’ is worn on top and wrapped around the body in a Roman-toga way, except in Libya, the Jarid is usually tied at the right shoulder and the remainder is brought around up over the head. Libyan men wear leather boots, usually with a heel for riding horses, leather sandals or slippers.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>As for Libyan women, the traditional outfit differs slightly from one region to another; however, the general outfit consists of a blouse with baggy sleeves that are embroidered with beads and silver/gold thread and baggy silk trousers that have an elastic band at the bottom. On top of that, women wear brightly colored cloths are made into dresses like togas and held together by silver brooches. Women in the rural areas use heavy woven rug-like cloths due to the climate. The head is covered using a colorful cloth embellished with colorful pom-poms. Libyan women wear large pieces of gold or silver jewelry. The neckwear usually goes down to the knees and the bracelets are 4–6 inches wide. The large silver brooches used to attach the cloth are now replaced with gold and are usually decorated with a “Khamaisah”, a hand shaped symbol, or other charms that are believed to keep the evil eye off.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Women only wear the full outfit with the jewelry in special occasions and weddings. It is traditional for the groom to give the outfit with the gold to his bride at their wedding and for the bride to wear it the day after. The women’s traditional outfit is very expensive, but the prices vary depending on the quality and weight of gold or silver. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Libya" title="Music of Libya">Music of Libya</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2></div> <p>Government control over the media has resulted in much of the population preferring to entertain itself by watching videos or foreign stations via satellite. Libyan television programmes are mostly in Arabic with a 30-minute news broadcast each evening in English and French. It is also possible to watch the occasional sports programs. However, the majority of programming is cultural and thus showcases more traditional Libyan music and entertainment. </p><p>Libya's daily newspaper is Al-Fajr al-Jadid and is published in <a href="/wiki/Tripoli" class="mw-disambig" title="Tripoli">Tripoli</a>. Foreign newspapers are available, but are often very out-of-date by the time they reach the shops. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101203061713/http://www.weforum.org/en/Communities/Women%20Leaders%20and%20Gender%20Parity/GenderGapNetwork/index.htm">"Culture and Art"</a>. <i>Social Overview</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weforum.org/en/Communities/Women%20Leaders%20and%20Gender%20Parity/GenderGapNetwork/index.htm">the original</a> on 2010-12-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Social+Overview&amp;rft.atitle=Culture+and+Art&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fen%2FCommunities%2FWomen%2520Leaders%2520and%2520Gender%2520Parity%2FGenderGapNetwork%2Findex.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Libya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;deadurl=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">&#124;url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Witherbee, Amy. "Libya."&#160;<i>Our World: Libya</i>&#160;(2015): 1.&#160;<i>MasterFILE Premier</i>. Web. 21 Feb. 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Mattawa" title="Khaled Mattawa">Khaled Mattawa</a>, "Libya", <i>in</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Literature_from_the_%22Axis_of_Evil%22" title="Literature from the &quot;Axis of Evil&quot;">Literature from the "Axis of Evil"</a></i> (a <a href="/wiki/Words_Without_Borders" title="Words Without Borders">Words Without Borders</a> anthology), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59558-205-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59558-205-8">978-1-59558-205-8</a>, 2006, pp.225–228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTemehu.com" class="citation web cs1">Temehu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.temehu.com/Libyan-food.htm">"Libyan Food and the main dishes &amp; meals in Libya"</a>. <i>www.temehu.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.temehu.com&amp;rft.atitle=Libyan+Food+and+the+main+dishes+%26+meals+in+Libya&amp;rft.au=Temehu.com&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.temehu.com%2FLibyan-food.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Libya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabricant2006" class="citation news cs1">Fabricant, Florence (2006-01-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/04/dining/04liby.html">"In Libya, for Starters, It's the Soup"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=In+Libya%2C+for+Starters%2C+It%27s+the+Soup&amp;rft.date=2006-01-04&amp;rft.issn=0362-4331&amp;rft.aulast=Fabricant&amp;rft.aufirst=Florence&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F01%2F04%2Fdining%2F04liby.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Libya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCondra2013" class="citation book cs1">Condra, Jill (2013-04-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lazWAQAAQBAJ"><i>Encyclopedia of National Dress: Traditional Clothing Around the World &#91;2 Volumes&#93;</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313376375" title="Special:BookSources/9780313376375"><bdi>9780313376375</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+National+Dress%3A+Traditional+Clothing+Around+the+World+%5B2+Volumes%5D&amp;rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&amp;rft.date=2013-04-09&amp;rft.isbn=9780313376375&amp;rft.aulast=Condra&amp;rft.aufirst=Jill&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlazWAQAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Libya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Libya" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libya_topics" title="Template:Libya topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Libya_topics" title="Template talk:Libya topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libya_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libya topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Libya" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>&#160;</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Libya" title="History of Libya">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_in_the_Roman_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya in the Roman era">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Tripolitania_and_Cyrenaica" title="Islamic Tripolitania and Cyrenaica">Islamic Tripolitania and Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Tripoli" title="Spanish Tripoli">Spanish Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Tripoli" title="Hospitaller Tripoli">Hospitaller Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Tripolitania" title="Ottoman Tripolitania">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_colonization_of_Libya" title="Italian colonization of Libya">Italian colonization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Tripolitania" title="Italian Tripolitania">Italian Tripolitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Cyrenaica" title="Italian Cyrenaica">Italian Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya" title="Italian Libya">Italian Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_genocide" title="Libyan genocide">Libyan genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Libya" title="The Holocaust in Libya">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_administration_of_Libya" title="Allied administration of Libya">Allied occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Kingdom of Libya">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi" title="History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi">Libya under Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">State of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Crisis (2011–present)">Libyan Crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Libyan civil war (2011)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">2014&#8211;2020</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;background:#f8f8f8;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_traditional_provinces_of_Libye-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Map_of_traditional_provinces_of_Libye-en.svg/80px-Map_of_traditional_provinces_of_Libye-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Map_of_traditional_provinces_of_Libye-en.svg/120px-Map_of_traditional_provinces_of_Libye-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Map_of_traditional_provinces_of_Libye-en.svg/160px-Map_of_traditional_provinces_of_Libye-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="969" data-file-height="929" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Libya" title="Geography of Libya">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Libya" title="Template:Borders of Libya">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Libya" title="List of cities in Libya">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Libya#Climate_and_hydrology" title="Geography of Libya">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Libya" title="Districts of Libya">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Libya" title="List of ecoregions in Libya">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Desert" title="Libyan Desert">Libyan Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baladiyat_of_Libya" title="Baladiyat of Libya">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Libya" title="Subdivisions of Libya">Subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Libya" title="Wildlife of Libya">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Libya" title="Politics of Libya">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_interim_Constitutional_Declaration" title="Libyan interim Constitutional Declaration">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Libya" title="Elections in Libya">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Libya" title="Foreign relations of Libya">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Foreign relations of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi">Foreign relations under Gaddafi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">Government of National Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(Libya)" title="Government of National Unity (Libya)">Government of National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Council_(Libya)" title="Presidential Council (Libya)">Presidential Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Libya" title="List of heads of state of Libya">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Libya" title="List of heads of government of Libya">Head of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Council_of_State_(Libya)" title="High Council of State (Libya)">High Council of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Libya)" title="House of Representatives (Libya)">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Armed_Forces" title="Libyan Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Libya" title="Human rights in Libya">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Libya">LGBT</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Libya" title="Economy of Libya">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Libya" title="Agriculture in Libya">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Libya" title="Central Bank of Libya">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Libya">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Libya" title="List of companies of Libya">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_dinar" title="Libyan dinar">Dinar <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Libya" title="Energy in Libya">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Man-Made_River" title="Great Man-Made River">Great Man-Made River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oil_Corporation" title="National Oil Corporation">National Oil Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Libya" title="Oil reserves in Libya">Oil reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Libya" title="Tourism in Libya">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Libya" title="Transport in Libya">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Libya" title="Demographics of Libya">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Libya" title="Education in Libya">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Libya" title="Health in Libya">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arabic" title="Libyan Arabic">Libyan Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_literature" title="Libyan literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Libya" title="Media of Libya">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Libya" title="Music of Libya">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Libya" title="Public holidays in Libya">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Libya" title="Religion in Libya">Religion</a></li> <li>Sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Libya" title="Football in Libya">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_at_the_Olympics" title="Libya at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Libya" title="Women in Libya">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Libya" title="Outline of Libya">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Libya-related_articles" title="Index of Libya-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Libya" title="Category:Libya">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Libya" title="Portal:Libya">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Africa" title="Culture of Africa">Culture of Africa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Algeria" title="Culture of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Angola" title="Culture of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Botswana" title="Culture of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Culture of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Burundi" title="Culture of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cameroon" title="Culture of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cape_Verde" title="Culture of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Culture of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Culture of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Djibouti" title="Culture of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Egypt" title="Culture of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Culture of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Eritrea" title="Culture of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Eswatini" title="Culture of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ethiopia" title="Culture of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Gabon" title="Culture of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ghana" title="Culture of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Culture of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kenya" title="Culture of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Liberia" title="Culture of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Madagascar" title="Culture of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mali" title="Culture of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mauritius" title="Culture of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Morocco" title="Culture of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mozambique" title="Culture of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Namibia" title="Culture of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Niger" title="Culture of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nigeria" title="Culture of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Rwanda" title="Culture of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Seychelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Sierra_Leone" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Somalia" title="Culture of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_Africa" title="Culture of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_Sudan" title="Culture of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tanzania" title="Culture of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Togo" title="Culture of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tunisia" title="Culture of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Uganda" title="Culture of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Zambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Zimbabwe" title="Culture of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Somaliland" title="Culture of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Canary_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>&#160;/ <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Ceuta">Ceuta</a>&#160;/ <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Melilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Melilla">Melilla</a>&#160;&#160;<span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Madeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Madeira">Madeira</a>&#160;<span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mayotte" title="Culture of Mayotte">Mayotte</a>&#160;/ <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Réunion">Réunion</a>&#160;<span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a>&#160;/ <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a>&#160;/ <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a>&#160;<span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Western_Sahara" title="Culture of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>ahhhhhhhhhhhhh </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐2hwd8 Cached time: 20241124033547 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.336 seconds Real time usage: 0.519 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1796/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 61267/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6784/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 27/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 38712/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.201/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5382794/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 360.607 1 -total 38.82% 139.980 1 Template:Libya_topics 38.03% 137.129 1 Template:Country_topics 31.17% 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