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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Performance history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Performance_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Performance history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Performance_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Genoa_premiere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genoa_premiere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Genoa premiere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genoa_premiere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_Scala_revised_version" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Scala_revised_version"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>La Scala revised version</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Scala_revised_version-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century_revivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century_revivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>21st century revivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century_revivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Roles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instrumentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instrumentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Instrumentation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instrumentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synopsis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synopsis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Synopsis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Synopsis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Synopsis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Synopsis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Act_1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Act 1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Act_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Act 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Act_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Act 3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Act_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Act 4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparation_of_the_critical_edition_of_Amleto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparation_of_the_critical_edition_of_Amleto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Preparation of the critical edition of <i>Amleto</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparation_of_the_critical_edition_of_Amleto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recordings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recordings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Recordings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recordings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amleto_(Faccio)" title="Amleto (Faccio) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amleto (Faccio)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_(%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="قريه (عمل اوبرالى فى ايطاليا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قريه (عمل اوبرالى فى ايطاليا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amleto" title="Amleto – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amleto" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Opera by Franco Faccio</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the given name, see <a href="/wiki/Amleto_(given_name)" title="Amleto (given name)">Amleto (given name)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-style: italic;">Amleto</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">Opera</a> by <a href="/wiki/Franco_Faccio" title="Franco Faccio">Franco Faccio</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Franco_Faccio_at_time_of_composing_Amleto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Franco_Faccio_at_time_of_composing_Amleto.jpg/220px-Franco_Faccio_at_time_of_composing_Amleto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Franco_Faccio_at_time_of_composing_Amleto.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The composer around the time when he wrote the opera</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Librettist</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrigo_Boito" title="Arrigo Boito">Arrigo Boito</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">Italian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Premiere</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline;" class="vevent">30 May 1865<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1865-05-30</span>)</span><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="summary"><a href="/wiki/Teatro_Carlo_Felice" title="Teatro Carlo Felice">Teatro Carlo Felice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Amleto</b></i> (English: <i lang="en">Hamlet</i>) is an Italian <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> in four acts by <a href="/wiki/Franco_Faccio" title="Franco Faccio">Franco Faccio</a> set to a <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a> by <a href="/wiki/Arrigo_Boito" title="Arrigo Boito">Arrigo Boito</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare's</a> play <i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i>. It premiered on 30 May 1865 at the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Carlo_Felice" title="Teatro Carlo Felice">Teatro Carlo Felice</a> in Genoa and was revised for a <a href="/wiki/La_Scala" title="La Scala">La Scala</a> production given on 12 February 1871. </p><p>The collaboration and friendship between librettist and composer was to last throughout Faccio's lifetime. In addition (as <a href="/wiki/Musicologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Musicologist">musicologist</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Ashbrook" title="William Ashbrook">William Ashbrook</a> states): "<i>Amleto</i> marks an effort of two prominent members of the <a href="/wiki/Scapigliatura" title="Scapigliatura">Scapigliatura</a> (a late Romantic reform movement in northern Italy in the 1860s and 70s) to renew the tradition of Italian opera."<sup id="cite_ref-ASHV1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASHV1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the La Scala revival in 1871, the opera disappeared for almost 130 years. However, in recent years, copies of the score and libretto have reappeared and conductor Anthony Barrese created a <a href="/wiki/Critical_edition_(opera)" title="Critical edition (opera)">critical edition</a> which was presented in a fully staged version by <a href="/wiki/Opera_Southwest" title="Opera Southwest">Opera Southwest</a> in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and by Baltimore Concert Opera in concert form in Baltimore, Maryland, in October 2014. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition_history">Composition history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The history of <i>Amleto</i>, from a libretto which Italian musicologist Rafaello DeRensis states was written specifically for Faccio by Arrigo Boito,<sup id="cite_ref-BARR-hist_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BARR-hist-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ASH2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASH2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is somewhat unclear as to how the choice of <i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i> as a subject came about, but the librettist completed his "innovatory libretto"<sup id="cite_ref-ASH2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASH2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 2 July 1862 while in Poland, well ahead of Faccio's first opera.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Faccio's first collaboration with Boito had been in writing a patriotic cantata, <i>Il quattro giugno</i> in 1860 when Boito also wrote some of the music as well as the text,<sup id="cite_ref-ASH2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASH2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this was followed by a sequel, <i>La sorelle d'Italia</i>, also in the spirit of the movement towards Italian unification. Ashbrook notes that one aspect of this opera's importance lies in the fact that, "as the first of Boito's librettos derived from Shakespeare, it reveals the future poet of <i><a href="/wiki/Otello" title="Otello">Otello</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Falstaff_(opera)" title="Falstaff (opera)">Falstaff</a></i> collaborating with a far less experienced and gifted composer than Verdi."<sup id="cite_ref-ASHV1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASHV1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Faccio's first opera, <i>I profughi fiamminghi</i>, was given at La Scala in 1863, but its failure was followed by a celebratory party given for Faccio by his friends and the event included Boito's reading of the infamous "Ode saffica col bicchiere alla mano", which infuriated <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-ASH2_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASH2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance_history">Performance history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Performance history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genoa_premiere">Genoa premiere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Genoa premiere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amleto-1871-Mario_Tiberini_as_Hamlet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Amleto-1871-Mario_Tiberini_as_Hamlet.jpg/150px-Amleto-1871-Mario_Tiberini_as_Hamlet.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Amleto-1871-Mario_Tiberini_as_Hamlet.jpg/225px-Amleto-1871-Mario_Tiberini_as_Hamlet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Amleto-1871-Mario_Tiberini_as_Hamlet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mario_Tiberini" title="Mario Tiberini">Mario Tiberini</a> as Amleto (1865)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amleto-Faccio-1871-Antonio_Cotogni_as_the_King.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Amleto-Faccio-1871-Antonio_Cotogni_as_the_King.jpg/150px-Amleto-Faccio-1871-Antonio_Cotogni_as_the_King.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Amleto-Faccio-1871-Antonio_Cotogni_as_the_King.jpg/225px-Amleto-Faccio-1871-Antonio_Cotogni_as_the_King.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Amleto-Faccio-1871-Antonio_Cotogni_as_the_King.jpg 2x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cotogni" title="Antonio Cotogni">Antonio Cotogni</a> as Claudio (1865)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amleto-1871-Angiolina_Ortolani-Tiberini_as_Ophelia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Amleto-1871-Angiolina_Ortolani-Tiberini_as_Ophelia.jpg/150px-Amleto-1871-Angiolina_Ortolani-Tiberini_as_Ophelia.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Amleto-1871-Angiolina_Ortolani-Tiberini_as_Ophelia.jpg/225px-Amleto-1871-Angiolina_Ortolani-Tiberini_as_Ophelia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Amleto-1871-Angiolina_Ortolani-Tiberini_as_Ophelia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>Angiolina Ortolani-Tiberini as Ofelia (1865)</figcaption></figure> <p>The opera was premiered on 30 May 1865 at Genoa's <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Carlo_Felice" title="Teatro Carlo Felice">Teatro Carlo Felice</a>. The cast included some of the finest singers of the day, including <a href="/wiki/Mario_Tiberini" title="Mario Tiberini">Mario Tiberini</a> in the role of Amleto.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to DeRensis, the work was accepted at the Carlo Felice because of the personal intervention of Boito's Conservatory professor <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Mazzucato" title="Alberto Mazzucato">Alberto Mazzucato</a>, who was friends with Mariani. While Ashbrook notes that the general reaction was "dismay at the score's paucity of melody",<sup id="cite_ref-ASH2_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASH2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he does add that Ophelia's funeral march, the "Marcia Funebre", "[won] general approval".<sup id="cite_ref-ASH2_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASH2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While both of Faccio's operas failed to achieve success, the critics were unanimous in their praise of the promise shown in the young composer and, the following contemporary accounts, the audience appears to have shown its pleasure at what they had heard.<sup id="cite_ref-BARR-hist_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BARR-hist-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 May, the <i>Gazzetta di Genova</i> wrote: </p> <dl><dd>The opera was generally applauded at the end of the first act, at Ofelia and Amleto’s duet, at the finale of the second act, at Ofelia’s canzone in the third, and at the funeral march of the fourth. The young maestro was called to the stage many times.</dd></dl> <p>That same day, the paper <i>Movimento</i> wrote: </p> <dl><dd>The expectations were high for the premiere, because doubt had circulated the reputation of the new type of music attempted by the young maestro. The public therefore rushed in great numbers and with an attitude of one who wishes to judge with circumspection, and, let us also say, with severity. But from expectations of doubt they changed their mind, and after having waited to think about it, a decision was made; they applauded and applauded with spontaneity, with conscience, with enthusiasm.</dd></dl> <p>Barrese provides "a more personal, if not more biased account [which] comes from Mazzucato and was sent to Faccio’s teacher Stafano Ronchetti-Monteviti. The long letter was published in full in the “Giornale della Società del Quartetto” and in <i>Franco Faccio e Verdi</i>, DeRensis reprints the following selections":<sup id="cite_ref-BARR-hist_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BARR-hist-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>Amleto</i>... aroused unusual and profound emotions in the Genovese public, which celebrated your distinguished student with every type of flattering reception. The curtain-calls for the maestro and the performers were unanimous, insistent, continuous, and ever warmer as the imaginative work unfolded before the eyes of the listeners who were highly surprised with the truth of its conception, the newness of form, the passion of the melodies, the ensemble harmony, and of the robust skill that dominates the whole score.</dd> <dd>[...] As long as we see young Italians give as their second work a creation as serious and strong as that of <i>Amleto</i>, rest assured, my dear colleague, that Italian art is nowhere near death. <i>Amleto</i>’s victory was legitimate, and I am happy because I see in it a new consecration of our ideas, and you must be doubly happy for it, and for the triumph of these ideas, and for the pleasure of having educated a powerful talent like Franco Faccio in the Italian art.</dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a>, when he heard of the success of the opera, wrote to the librettist <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Maria_Piave" title="Francesco Maria Piave">Francesco Maria Piave</a> stating that, "if Faccio succeeds, I am sincerely happy; others will perhaps will not believe this; but [only] others; you know me and you know that I either keep quiet or say what I feel".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_Scala_revised_version">La Scala revised version</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: La Scala revised version"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francofaccio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Francofaccio.jpg/150px-Francofaccio.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Francofaccio.jpg/225px-Francofaccio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Francofaccio.jpg/300px-Francofaccio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Franco Faccio in later life</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amleto-Facio-1871-set_for_act_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Amleto-Facio-1871-set_for_act_1.jpg/150px-Amleto-Facio-1871-set_for_act_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Amleto-Facio-1871-set_for_act_1.jpg/225px-Amleto-Facio-1871-set_for_act_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Amleto-Facio-1871-set_for_act_1.jpg/300px-Amleto-Facio-1871-set_for_act_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption><i>Amleto</i> (1871), act 1 set</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amleto-Facio-1871-act_3_set.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Amleto-Facio-1871-act_3_set.jpg/150px-Amleto-Facio-1871-act_3_set.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Amleto-Facio-1871-act_3_set.jpg/225px-Amleto-Facio-1871-act_3_set.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Amleto-Facio-1871-act_3_set.jpg/300px-Amleto-Facio-1871-act_3_set.jpg 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption><i>Amleto</i> (1871), act 3 set</figcaption></figure> <p>After the premiere, <i>Amleto</i> lay dormant for nearly six years while its authors embarked on a number of musical and extra-musical adventures. It was also during these years that Faccio began conducting, which would prove to be his true calling. </p><p>However, <i>Amleto</i> was never far from his thoughts, and his friends and family continued to urge him to seek another production. In a letter written on 27 February 1867, his friend the Countess Maffei chided him for missing the opportunity to present <i>Amleto</i> to the Queen of Prussia when he had the chance.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The long-awaited revival was eventually scheduled for the 1870/71 season at La Scala. According to DeRensis, the performance was made possible for one reason: the libretto by Carré and Barbier for the opera <i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamlet (opera)">Hamlet</a></i> and written for <a href="/wiki/Ambroise_Thomas" title="Ambroise Thomas">Ambroise Thomas</a>, was unanimously judged a profanation.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the La Scala production Mario Tiberini returned to interpret the role of Amleto. He was again joined by some of the most famous singers of the time and La Scala's conductor, Eugenio Terziani, yielded the baton to Faccio.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to DeRensis the rehearsals began smoothly and the dress rehearsal was set for 16 January 1871. The very next day, Tiberini got sick and the opera was postponed for more than 2 weeks. Eventually rehearsals began again, and Tiberini got sick again. A second dress rehearsal was given and the La Scala Theater Commission judged Tiberini fit to sing, despite Faccio's protestations. 12 February saw the opening night, and what was to be the last performance of <i>Amleto</i>. Despite good intentions, Tiberini was completely voiceless that night. </p><p>As Barrese notes: "DeRensis writes that the performance was uncertain and disorganized, and describes it as follows": </p> <blockquote><p>Tiberini, completely voiceless and disoriented, did not emit one note with the accent of that great artist that he was, he lowered the pitches, and did away with entire phrases. He, and with much visible anguish, rendered comprehension of the opera impossible. Faccio directed, apparently calm but in reality very disturbed. Some ensemble pieces like the dance and brindisi [act 1, acene i], the violoncello prelude [act 1, sc. ii], the Spettro’s Racconto [act 1, scene ii], the Pater noster [act 3, scene i] – which procured Bertolasi two curtain calls – the third act trio, the fourth act funeral march (welcomed with roaring applause and two curtain calls for the composer), saved the production from a shipwreck.<sup id="cite_ref-BARR-hist_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BARR-hist-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>After the performance, Faccio, so disturbed by this fiasco, immediately withdrew the piece, and refused to have it performed again. Although <i>Amleto</i> was never produced again in his lifetime, his student (and later composer himself), <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Smareglia" title="Antonio Smareglia">Antonio Smareglia</a>, noted that it was always very dear to his heart.<sup id="cite_ref-BARR-hist_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BARR-hist-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century_revivals">21st century revivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 21st century revivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The opera received its first fully staged performance in 143 years on 26 October 2014 at the Journal Theatre in <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a> in a production by <a href="/wiki/Opera_Southwest" title="Opera Southwest">Opera Southwest</a> and ran for three performances. The performances were conducted by Anthony Barrese using a critical edition of the score which he had reconstructed from Faccio's autograph manuscript. The principal roles were sung by Alex Richardson (Amleto), Abla Lynn Hamza (Ofelia), Caroline Worra (Geltrude), and Shannon De Vine (Claudio) with stage direction by David Bartholomew.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier in October, Barrese had conducted a concert performance of the score with piano accompaniment for Baltimore Concert Opera in Baltimore Maryland, utilizing the same principal cast.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, Opera Southwest's production received a nomination from the <a href="/wiki/International_Opera_Awards" title="International Opera Awards">International Opera Awards</a> in the Rediscovered Work category.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a production at the 2016 <a href="/wiki/Bregenzer_Festspiele" title="Bregenzer Festspiele">Bregenz Festival</a>, the first staging in Italy since 1871 was mounted at the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Filarmonico" title="Teatro Filarmonico">Teatro Filarmonico</a> in Faccio's home-town in October 2023, with Angelo Villari in the title role, conducted by Giuseppe Grazioli.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roles">Roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Re_(baritono),_figurino_di_Giovanni_Pessina_per_Amleto_(1871)_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON006732.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Re_%28baritono%29%2C_figurino_di_Giovanni_Pessina_per_Amleto_%281871%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON006732.jpg/220px-Re_%28baritono%29%2C_figurino_di_Giovanni_Pessina_per_Amleto_%281871%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON006732.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Re_%28baritono%29%2C_figurino_di_Giovanni_Pessina_per_Amleto_%281871%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON006732.jpg/330px-Re_%28baritono%29%2C_figurino_di_Giovanni_Pessina_per_Amleto_%281871%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON006732.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Re_%28baritono%29%2C_figurino_di_Giovanni_Pessina_per_Amleto_%281871%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON006732.jpg/440px-Re_%28baritono%29%2C_figurino_di_Giovanni_Pessina_per_Amleto_%281871%29_-_Archivio_Storico_Ricordi_ICON006732.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2979" data-file-height="4528" /></a><figcaption>Re (baritono), costume design for <i>Amleto</i> (1871).</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Roles, voice types, premiere cast</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Role<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">Voice type</a> </th> <th>Premiere cast<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />30 May 1865<br />Conductor: <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Mariani_(conductor)" title="Angelo Mariani (conductor)">Angelo Mariani</a> </th> <th>Revised version<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Premiere cast<br />12 February 1871<br />Conductor: Franco Faccio </th></tr> <tr> <td>Amleto (Hamlet) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mario_Tiberini" title="Mario Tiberini">Mario Tiberini</a> </td> <td>Mario Tiberini </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ofelia (Ophelia), <i>Polonius' daughter</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Angiolina_Ortolani-Tiberini" title="Angiolina Ortolani-Tiberini">Angiolina Ortolani-Tiberini</a> </td> <td>Virginia Pozzi-Branzanti </td></tr> <tr> <td>Geltrude, (Gertrude), <i>Queen of Denmark<br />and Hamlet's mother</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">mezzo-soprano</a> </td> <td>Elena Corani </td> <td>Marietta Bulli-Paoli </td></tr> <tr> <td>Claudio (Claudius), <i>King of Denmark</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">baritone</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cotogni" title="Antonio Cotogni">Antonio Cotogni</a> </td> <td>Zenone Bertolasi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lo Spettro (The Ghost) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">bass</a> </td> <td>Eraclito Bagagiolo </td> <td>Ormondo Maini </td></tr> <tr> <td>Laerte (Laertes), <i>Polonius' son</i> </td> <td>tenor </td> <td>Napoleone Sinigaglia </td> <td>Luigi Manfredi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Polonio (Polonius), <i>Lord Chamberlain</i> </td> <td>bass </td> <td>Cesare Sonino </td> <td>Angelo De Giuli </td></tr> <tr> <td>Orazio (Horatio), <i>Hamlet's friend</i> </td> <td>bass </td> <td>Antonio Furlani </td> <td>Augusto Gabrielli </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marcello (Marcellus), <i>Official</i> </td> <td>baritone </td> <td>Alessandro Romanelli </td> <td>Fausto Mola </td></tr> <tr> <td>Un Sacerdote (Priest) </td> <td>baritone </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nomen_nescio" title="Nomen nescio">N.N.</a> </td> <td>Angelo De Giuli </td></tr> <tr> <td>Un Araldo (Herald) </td> <td>tenor </td> <td>Angelo Rocca </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Il Re Gonzaga (King Gonzaga), <i>an actor</i> </td> <td>tenor </td> <td>Napoleone Sinigaglia </td> <td>Luigi Manfredi </td></tr> <tr> <td>La Regina (Queen), <i>an actor</i> </td> <td>soprano </td> <td>Angelina Borotti </td> <td>Ferdinanda Cappelli </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luciano (Lucianus), <i>an actor</i> </td> <td>bass </td> <td>Alessandro Romanelli </td> <td>Fausto Mola </td></tr> <tr> <td>Primo Becchino (First Grave-digger) </td> <td>bass </td> <td>Eraclito Bagagiolo </td> <td>Fausto Mola </td></tr> <tr> <td>Secondo Becchino (Second Grave-digger) </td> <td>non-speaking </td> <td>N.N. </td> <td>N.N. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Instrumentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2 <a href="/wiki/Western_concert_flute" title="Western concert flute">flutes</a> (2nd doubling <a href="/wiki/Piccolo" title="Piccolo">piccolo</a>), 2 <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboes</a>, (2nd doubling English horn), 2 <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bass_clarinet" title="Bass clarinet">bass clarinet</a>), 2 <a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">bassoons</a>; 4 <a href="/wiki/Horn_(instrument)" title="Horn (instrument)">horns</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpets</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Cornet" title="Cornet">cornets</a>, 3 <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">trombones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cimbasso" title="Cimbasso">cimbasso</a>; <a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">timpani</a>, percussion (<a href="/wiki/Side_drum" class="mw-redirect" title="Side drum">side drum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triangle_(musical_instrument)" title="Triangle (musical instrument)">triangle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">bass drum</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tam-tam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tam-tam">tam-tam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">glockenspiel</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harp</a>; <a href="/wiki/String_section" title="String section">strings</a>. Onstage: Banda, solo string quartet, harp, snare drum </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synopsis">Synopsis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Synopsis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamlet_22205-Peralta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Hamlet_22205-Peralta.jpg/220px-Hamlet_22205-Peralta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Hamlet_22205-Peralta.jpg/330px-Hamlet_22205-Peralta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Hamlet_22205-Peralta.jpg/440px-Hamlet_22205-Peralta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="1207" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Pavel_%C4%8Cernoch" title="Pavel Černoch">Pavel Černoch</a> as Amleto, <a href="/wiki/Bregenz_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Bregenz Festival">Bregenz Festival</a> 2016</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_1">Act 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Act 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Scene 1</i> </p><p>The sudden death of the king and remarriage of his mother Queen Geltrude to his uncle Claudio has depressed Prince Amleto. Still mourning his father and in shock at his mother’s strange remarriage, Amleto refuses to take part in the coronation festivities at Elsinore Castle (<i>Ah, si dissolva quest’abbietta carne</i>). Ofelia reminds him of love’s eternal power (<i>Dubita pur che brillino</i>). Amleto’s friend Orazio and Marcello, a sentry, arrive, having seen the ghost of Amleto’s father walking the castle at night. The three decide to keep watch for the ghost. </p><p><i>Scene 2</i> </p><p>Amleto, Orazio, and Marcello keep watch from a castle parapet. The ghost appears, indicating that he wishes to speak to Amleto alone (<i>Tu dêi sapere ch’io son l’anima lesa</i>). Revealing that his brother, Claudio, murdered him and took his crown, he implores Amleto to avenge him. Amleto swears revenge and compels his friends not to reveal what they have seen that night. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_2">Act 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Act 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Scene 1</i> </p><p>In the castle, Lord Chamberlain Polonio, Ofelia’s father, tries to convince Claudio and Geltrude that Amleto’s melancholy is a symptom of his love for Ofelia. The three withdraw, and Amleto enters, meditating on suicide (<i>Essere o non essere</i> / "To be or not to be"). Ofelia enters and tries to return some tokens that he had given her. Feigning madness, Amleto demands that she renounce worldly love and enter a convent (<i>Fatti monachella</i>) and decries marriage. A group of travelling singers arrives and Amleto decides to have them stage a play depicting a regicide similar to his father’s, so he can observe Claudio’s reaction. </p><p><i>Scene 2</i> </p><p>The court gathers for the play, and Amleto instructs Orazio and Marcello to watch Claudio closely. Amleto calls the play <i>The Trap</i> (<i>la trappola</i>), but assures everyone that there is nothing offensive in it. As the play progresses, Claudio becomes increasingly agitated (<i>Regina nel core</i>), while Geltrude admonishes his foolish behavior. At the play’s climax, Claudio runs from the room, horrified. Amleto revels in the success of his plan (<i>Viva la trappola!</i>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_3">Act 3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Act 3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Scene 1</i> </p><p>Alone in his chambers, Claudio is overcome by remorse (<i>O nera colpa!</i>). Amleto enters and is about to strike, but realizes that if he kills Claudio in prayer, Claudio will be sent to heaven. Desiring a more opportune moment, he withdraws. Claudio prays (<i>O Padre nostro</i>), but at the conclusion, he recants and exits. </p><p>Polonio enters with Geltrude, and urges her to calm Amleto. As Amleto approaches, Polonio hides behind a tapestry. Amleto and his mother argue and Amleto threatens her. Polonio cries for help. Believing Claudio is hiding behind the tapestry, Amleto stabs Polonio, realizing his error too late. In his delirium, Amleto rails against the king’s wickedness (<i>O re ladrone</i>). The ghost enters, ordering Amleto to focus on vengeance. Amleto begs the ghost for forgiveness (<i>Celesti spirti! o lugubre</i>). Geltrude, who does not see the ghost, believes that Amleto has gone mad. </p><p>Amleto withdraws, and Geltrude privately admits her guilt (<i>Ah! che alfine all’empio scherno</i>). </p><p><i>Scene 2</i> </p><p>Laerte storms the castle, demanding justice for the murder of his father, Polonio. Claudio calms him, and the two watch in horror as Ofelia enters, now insane, imagining her father’s funeral (<i>la bara involta</i>). Claudio informs Laerte that Amleto killed Polonio; Laerte swears revenge, and both exit. Hearing the name "Amleto", Ofelia descends deeper into her madness (<i>Bell’alberel dolente</i>), eventually drowning herself in a brook. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_4">Act 4</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Act 4"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Scene 1</i> </p><p>Two gravediggers are busy at work, preparing for a funeral (<i>Oggi a me, domani a te</i>). Amleto and Orazio enter and banter with one of the gravediggers. Hearing a crowd approach, they hide. A lengthy funeral procession enters, bearing Ofelia’s body. Laerte curses Amleto (<i>Che Iddio scaraventi l’ardente saetta</i>), who then reveals himself. Amleto and Laerte briefly fight. Amleto claims that he loved Ofelia (<i>Io quella morta amai</i>). Claudio urges Laerte to come away, referencing a secret plan to deal with Amleto. </p><p><i>Scene 2</i> (only extant in the original 1865 version) </p><p>A herald announces to the court that Amleto and Laerte will fence for sport (<i>Illustri cortigiani e cavalieri</i>). Laerte assures Claudio that the tip of his sword is poisoned. Amleto publicly apologizes to Laerte, claiming temporary insanity. Both men begin their duel and when Amleto gains a point, Claudio offers a toast, urging Amleto to drink from his cup (<i>La coppa è colma</i>). Busy with the duel, Amleto declines, while Geltrude murmurs to Claudio that she knows the cup is filled with poison. After Amleto gains another point, Claudio offers Amleto a drink again, but Geltrude seizes the cup, drinks, and faints. While Amleto is distracted, Laerte wounds him with the poisoned sword. Enraged, Amleto disarms his opponent, switches swords with Laerte, and wounds him. Laerte confesses that he is dying, a victim of his own undoing, and that Claudio’s cup was poisoned. Amleto stabs Claudio, before dying himself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation_of_the_critical_edition_of_Amleto">Preparation of the critical edition of <i>Amleto</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Preparation of the critical edition of Amleto"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the La Scala revival in 1871 the opera was not performed again until 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-BARR1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BARR1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, conductor Anthony Barrese, who has worked at the <a href="/wiki/Sarasota_Opera" title="Sarasota Opera">Sarasota Opera</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Opera" title="Dallas Opera">Dallas Opera</a>, and who is Artistic Director and Principal Conductor of Opera Southwest in Albuquerque, New Mexico, developed an interest in this opera in the early 2000s and, from 2003, researched and (in conjunction with the publishing house <a href="/wiki/Casa_Ricordi" title="Casa Ricordi">Casa Ricordi</a>) prepared and edited a <a href="/wiki/Critical_edition_(opera)" title="Critical edition (opera)">critical edition</a> of the opera from a variety of sources, including a newly discovered libretto from the 1871 staging. </p><p>By the end of 2004, Barrese had edited the <i>Amleto</i> score, and presented a scene from act 3 of the work on stage by apprentice singers at the Sarasota Opera,<sup id="cite_ref-BARR1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BARR1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thereby allowing a re-evaluation of its merits; he had also completed the critical notes associated with the score. Barrese presented the "Marcia funebre" with the <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Opera" title="Dallas Opera">Dallas Opera</a> Orchestra for a family concert in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-BARR1_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BARR1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This part of the opera is presented in <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corfu</a> each year during Easter, when the band of <a href="/wiki/Philharmonic_Society_of_Corfu" title="Philharmonic Society of Corfu">Philharmonic Society of Corfu</a> performs it during the epitaph litany of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Spyridon" title="Saint Spyridon">Saint Spyridon</a> on the morning of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recordings">Recordings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2014, Opera Southwest released the world premiere recording of <i>Amleto</i>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Cast (Amleto,<br />Ofelia,<br />Claudio,<br />Geltrude,<br />Lo Spettro,<br />Polonio) </th> <th>Conductor,<br />opera house and orchestra </th> <th>Label<br /> </th></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td>Alex Richardson,<br />Abla Lynn Hamza,<br />Shannon DeVine,<br />Caroline Worra,<br />Jeffrey Beruan,<br />Matthew Curran</td> <td>Anthony Barrese,<br />Opera Southwest Orchestra,<br />Opera Southwest Chorus<br />(Recorded live, <a href="/wiki/National_Hispanic_Cultural_Center" title="National Hispanic Cultural Center">National Hispanic Cultural Center</a>, October 2014)</td> <td>CD: Opera Southwest<br />Cat:888295410748 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pavel_%C4%8Cernoch" title="Pavel Černoch">Pavel Černoch</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Iulia_Maria_Dan" title="Iulia Maria Dan">Iulia Maria Dan</a>,<br />Claudio Sgura,<br /><a href="/wiki/Dshamilja_Kaiser" title="Dshamilja Kaiser">Dshamilja Kaiser</a>,<br />Gianluca Buratto,<br /><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Tsanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Eduard Tsanga">Eduard Tsanga</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Carignani" title="Paolo Carignani">Paolo Carignani</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vienna Symphony Orchestra">Vienna Symphony Orchestra</a>,<br />Prague Philharmonic Chorus<br />(Recorded live, <a href="/wiki/Bregenzer_Festspiele" title="Bregenzer Festspiele">Bregenzer Festspiele</a>, 18 July 2016; stage director: <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Tambosi" title="Olivier Tambosi">Olivier Tambosi</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a>: C Major<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />CD: <a href="/wiki/Naxos_(company)" title="Naxos (company)">Naxos</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amleth" title="Amleth">Amleth</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ASHV1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ASHV1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASHV1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ashbrook, in Sadie 1998, vol. 1, p. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BARR-hist-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BARR-hist_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BARR-hist_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BARR-hist_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BARR-hist_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BARR-hist_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrese, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anthonybarrese.com/projects/amleto-project/history/">"<i>Amleto</i> Project History: Composition and the Premiere"</a> online at anthonybarrese.com/projects.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASH2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ASH2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASH2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASH2_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASH2_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASH2_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASH2_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ashbrook, in Sadie 1998, vol. 2, p. 102</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nardi 1942, p. 1531 <i>(sic)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weaver 1994, "Introduction", p. xvii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walker 1982, p. 449: The ode is quoted, with the line which annoyed Verdi: "Perhaps the man is already born who will restore art to its purity, on the altar now defiled like the wall of a brothel".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrese, "Amleto Project History: Composition and the Premiere" online at anthonybarrese.com/projects.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Verdi to Piave, date unknown, in Phillips-Matz 1993, p. 475</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maffei to Faccio, in Nardi 1942, p. 59: "...M'ha assai divertita la vostra resistenza all Regina di Prussia, ma perchè non offrivi di suonare invece di cantare? e far sentire a S. M. la vostra <i>Marcia Funebre</i>? Avreste così avuto l'opportunità di presentare L'<i>Amleto</i>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DeRensis, title of work?, p. ?, in Barrese, "<i>Amleto</i> Project: History, Composition and the Premiere"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nardi 1942, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Loomis, George (28 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/cbc171b2-5dc9-11e4-b7a2-00144feabdc0.html">"<i>Hamlet</i>, Opera Southwest, Journal Theatre, Albuquerque, New Mexico – review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> Retrieved 5 November 2014 (requires free registration).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2014/ottobre/30/Rivive_Amleto_scapigliato_ideato_Faccio_co_0_20141030_cb23a90c-6001-11e4-8dd4-2fb2f9df4f43.shtml">"Rivive l'Amleto scapigliato ideato da Faccio"</a> by Girardi Enrico, <i><a href="/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera" title="Corriere della Sera">Corriere della Sera</a></i>, 30 October 2014 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2023">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crafts, D.S. (27 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abqjournal.com/487016/entertainment/opera-southwest-premieres-long-forgotten-hamlet-opera.html">"Opera Southwest premieres long-forgotten Hamlet opera"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_Journal" title="Albuquerque Journal">Albuquerque Journal</a></i>. Retrieved 5 November 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Midgette" title="Anne Midgette">Midgette, Anne</a> (3 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/forgotten-hamlet-at-bco-shows-missing-link-in-19th-century-italian-opera/2014/10/03/7ae1a8a2-4b27-11e4-b72e-d60a9229cc10_story.html">"Forgotten <i>Hamlet</i> at BCO shows missing link in 19th-century Italian opera"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. Retrieved 5 November 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Tim (3 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/2014/10/03/forgotten-opera-amleto-proves-worthy-of-excavation/">"Forgotten opera <i>Amleto</i> proves worthy of excavation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a></i>. Retrieved 5 November 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.operaawards.org/Finalists2015.aspx">The finalists 2015</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150123080046/http://www.operaawards.org/Finalists2015.aspx">Archived</a> 2015-01-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, International Opera Awards</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joyce, John-Pierre. Report from Verona. <i><a href="/wiki/Opera_(British_magazine)" title="Opera (British magazine)">Opera</a></i>, February 2024, Vol.75 No.2, p224-226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roles and their creators taken from Barrese, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anthonybarrese.com/projects/amleto-project/amleto-libretto/">"<i>Amleto</i> Project: Libretto"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/amletotragediali00facc#page/n1/mode/2up">"Amleto | tragedia lirica in quattro atti"</a>. 1865.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amleto+%26%23124%3B+tragedia+lirica+in+quattro+atti&rft.date=1865&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Famletotragediali00facc%23page%2Fn1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmleto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Personaggi". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amletotragediali00boit"><i>Amleto – Tragedia lirica in quattro atti</i></a>. Ricordi. Carnevale 1870–71. 1870.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Personaggi&rft.btitle=Amleto+%E2%80%93+Tragedia+lirica+in+quattro+atti&rft.pub=Ricordi.+Carnevale+1870%E2%80%9371&rft.date=1870&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famletotragediali00boit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmleto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 1871 version eliminates act 4, scene 2, which is the only scene containing the Herald.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BARR1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BARR1_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BARR1_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BARR1_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrese, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anthonybarrese.com/projects/amleto-project/">The <i>Amleto</i> Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Pullinger, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reader.exacteditions.com/issues/60208/page/104">Faccio: <i>Hamlet</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gramophone_(magazine)" title="Gramophone (magazine)">Gramophone</a></i>, October 2017, p. 96: "Amleto is a very fine work indeed – superior to Thomas’s <i>Hamlet</i> – and this Bregenz production constitutes a major operatic rediscovery." A <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> version is also available.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The CD was recorded on 18, 20, 25 and 28 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naxos.com/Handler/GetBackcover.ashx/?file=https://cdn.naxos.com/SharedFiles/pdf/rear/8.660454-55r.pdf">Naxos CD back cover</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 45em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Ashbrook" title="William Ashbrook">Ashbrook William</a> (1998), "<i>Amleto</i>" in <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a> (ed.), <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Opera" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Opera">The New Grove Dictionary of Opera</a></i>, vol. 1. London: MacMillan. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-73432-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-73432-7">0-333-73432-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56159-228-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-56159-228-5">1-56159-228-5</a></li> <li>Ashbrook, William (1998), "Faccio, Franco" in Stanley Sadie (ed.), <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Opera</i>, vol. 2, pp. 101–102. London: MacMillan. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-73432-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-73432-7">0-333-73432-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56159-228-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-56159-228-5">1-56159-228-5</a></li> <li>Barrese, Anthony, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anthonybarrese.com/projects/amleto-project/">The "<i>Amleto</i> Project"</a> at anthonybarrese.com</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Budden" title="Julian Budden">Budden, Julian</a> (1984), <i>The Operas of Verdi, Volume 3: From Don Carlos to Falstaff</i>. London: Cassell. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-30740-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-30740-8">0-304-30740-8</a></li> <li>DeRensis, Rafaello (1927), <i>L’Amleto di A. Boito, con lettere inedite di Boito, Mariani e Verdi</i>. Ancona: La Lucerna</li> <li>DeRensis, Raffaello (1934), <i>Franco Faccio e Verdi, carteggi e documenti inediti</i>. Milano: <a href="/wiki/Fratelli_Treves_Editori" class="mw-redirect" title="Fratelli Treves Editori">Fratelli Treves Editori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Gossett" title="Philip Gossett">Gossett, Philip</a> (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.operasouthwest.org/amleto/faccio-boito-and-verdi">"Faccio, Boito and Verdi"</a>, on operasouthwest.org</li> <li>Jernigan, Charles, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.donizettisociety.com/Articles/articlefaccioamleto.htm">"<i>Hamlet</i> Comes Back to Life in Albuquerque"</a>, Donizetti Society (London) website, 26 October 2014</li> <li>Nardi, Piero (1942), <i>Vita di Arrigo Boito</i>, Verona: Mondadori</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Phillips-Matz" title="Mary Jane Phillips-Matz">Phillips-Matz, Mary Jane</a> (1993), <i>Verdi: A Biography</i>, London & New York: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-313204-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-313204-4">0-19-313204-4</a></li> <li>Schüssler, Kerstin (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060328/http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/muwi/fsk/schuessler.html">"Noi, più baldi e men devoti – Vogliam l'arte dei nepoti. Arrigo Boito und Franco Faccios Oper <i>Amleto</i> als Manifest des nuovo melodramma"</a>, Aspetti musicali – <a href="/wiki/Festschrift" title="Festschrift">Festschrift</a> for <a href="/wiki/Dietrich_K%C3%A4mper" title="Dietrich Kämper">Dietrich Kämper</a>'s 65th birthday. Cologne: Dohr 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-925366-83-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-925366-83-0">3-925366-83-0</a></li> <li>Walker, Frank (1982), <i>The Man Verdi</i>, New York: Knopf, 1962, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-87132-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-87132-0">0-226-87132-0</a></li> <li>Weaver, William (1994), <i>The Verdi-Boito Correspondence</i>, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amleto&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anthonybarrese.com/projects/amleto-project/excerpts/"><i>Amleto</i>: Audio and piano vocal score excerpts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anthonybarrese.com/projects/amleto-project/amleto-libretto/"><i>Amleto</i>: Complete libretto in Italian and English</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.operasouthwest.org/amleto"><i>Amleto</i>: OperaSouthwest's complete background to <i>Amleto</i></a></li> <li>Heinsen, Geerd, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://operalounge.de/features/portraits-interviews/vergessen-franco-faccios-hamlet">"Ein Gespräch mit dem Dirigenten, Komponisten and Musikwissenschaftler Anthony Barrese" (Interview with Antony Barrese)</a>, operalounge.de. (Introduction in German; interview in English)</li> <li>Loomis, George, "Opera Around the World: United States: Albuquerque", <i><a href="/wiki/Opera_(British_magazine)" title="Opera (British magazine)">Opera</a></i> (London), February 2015, Vol. 66, No. 2. (Review of OperaSouthwest's production of <i>Amleto</i>)</li> <li>Roberts, Kathleen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abqjournal.com/482398/entertainment/opera-southwest-rescues-lost-amleto.html">"Opera Southwest rescues the lost opera <i>Amleto</i> from obscurity"</a>, <i>Albuquerque Journal</i>, October 19, 2014</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arrigo_Boito" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arrigo_Boito" title="Arrigo Boito">Arrigo Boito</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">Operas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mefistofele" title="Mefistofele">Mefistofele</a></i> (1868)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nerone_(Boito)" title="Nerone (Boito)">Nerone</a></i> (1924)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Libretti" class="mw-redirect" title="Libretti">Libretti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amleto</a></i> (1865)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Gioconda_(opera)" title="La Gioconda (opera)">La Gioconda</a></i> (1876)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Otello" title="Otello">Otello</a></i> (1887)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falstaff_(opera)" title="Falstaff (opera)">Falstaff</a></i> (1893)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Boito" title="Camillo Boito">Camillo Boito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="William_Shakespeare&#039;s_Hamlet" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hamlet" title="Template:Hamlet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hamlet" title="Template talk:Hamlet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hamlet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hamlet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="William_Shakespeare&#039;s_Hamlet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Characters_in_Hamlet" title="Characters in Hamlet">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hamlet" title="Prince Hamlet">Hamlet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_Claudius" title="King Claudius">Claudius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_(Hamlet)" title="Gertrude (Hamlet)">Gertrude</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_(Hamlet)" title="Ghost (Hamlet)">Ghost</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polonius" title="Polonius">Polonius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laertes_(Hamlet)" title="Laertes (Hamlet)">Laertes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ophelia" title="Ophelia">Ophelia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Horatio_(Hamlet)" title="Horatio (Hamlet)">Horatio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rosencrantz_and_Guildenstern" title="Rosencrantz and Guildenstern">Rosencrantz and Guildenstern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fortinbras" title="Fortinbras">Fortinbras</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Gravediggers" title="The Gravediggers">The Gravediggers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yorick" title="Yorick">Yorick</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soliloquies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/To_be,_or_not_to_be" title="To be, or not to be">To be, or not to be</a>"</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Mortal_coil" title="Mortal coil">Mortal coil</a>"</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/What_a_piece_of_work_is_a_man" title="What a piece of work is a man">What a piece of work is a man</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Speak_the_speech" title="Speak the speech">Speak the speech</a>"</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Words and phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/The_lady_doth_protest_too_much,_methinks" title="The lady doth protest too much, methinks">The lady doth protest too much, methinks</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Thy_name_is" title="Thy name is">Thy name is</a>"</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dumbshow" title="Dumbshow">Dumbshow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Induction_(play)" title="Induction (play)">Induction</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quiddity" title="Quiddity">Quiddity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Substitution_(poetry)" title="Substitution (poetry)">Substitution</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sources_of_Hamlet" title="Sources of Hamlet">Sources</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Critical_approaches_to_Hamlet" title="Critical approaches to Hamlet">Criticism</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amleth" title="Amleth">Legend of Hamlet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Tragedy" title="The Spanish Tragedy">The Spanish Tragedy</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ur-Hamlet" title="Ur-Hamlet">Ur-Hamlet</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Critical_approaches_to_Hamlet" title="Critical approaches to Hamlet">Critical approaches</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_bibliographies" title="Hamlet bibliographies">Bibliographies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saxo_Grammaticus" title="Saxo Grammaticus">Saxo Grammaticus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Gonzaga" title="House of Gonzaga">House of Gonzaga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Damon_and_Pythias_(play)" title="Damon and Pythias (play)">Damon and Pythias</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_influence_of_Hamlet" title="Literary influence of Hamlet">Influence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phrases_from_Hamlet_in_common_English" title="Phrases from Hamlet in common English">Common phrases from <i>Hamlet</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_references_to_Hamlet" title="Cultural references to Hamlet">Cultural references to <i>Hamlet</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_references_to_Ophelia" title="Cultural references to Ophelia">Cultural references to Ophelia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_of_flowers" title="Language of flowers">Language of flowers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Human_skull_symbolism" title="Human skull symbolism">Human skull symbolism</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_in_performance" title="Hamlet in performance">Performances</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Art_Theatre_production_of_Hamlet" title="Moscow Art Theatre production of Hamlet">Moscow Art Theatre</a> (1911–1912)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton%27s_Hamlet" title="Richard Burton's Hamlet">Richard Burton</a> (1964)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_on_screen" title="Hamlet on screen">On screen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1900_film)" title="Hamlet (1900 film)">1900</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1907_film)" title="Hamlet (1907 film)">1907</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1908_film)" title="Hamlet (1908 film)">1908</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1912_film)" title="Hamlet (1912 film)">1912</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1913_film)" title="Hamlet (1913 film)">1913</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1917_film)" title="Hamlet (1917 film)">1917</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet:_The_Drama_of_Vengeance" title="Hamlet: The Drama of Vengeance">1921</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khoon_Ka_Khoon" title="Khoon Ka Khoon">1935</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1948_film)" title="Hamlet (1948 film)">1948</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1954_film)" title="Hamlet (1954 film)">1954</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1961_film)" title="Hamlet (1961 film)">1961</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1964_film)" title="Hamlet (1964 film)">1964</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1969_film)" title="Hamlet (1969 film)">1969</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1974_film)" title="Hamlet (1974 film)">1974</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1990_film)" title="Hamlet (1990 film)">1990</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1996_film)" title="Hamlet (1996 film)">1996</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(2000_film)" title="Hamlet (2000 film)">2000</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(2011_film)" title="Hamlet (2011 film)">2011</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet#Stage_and_screen_adaptations" title="Hamlet">Adaptations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rest_Is_Silence_(1959_film)" title="The Rest Is Silence (1959 film)">The Rest Is Silence</a></i> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bad_Sleep_Well" title="The Bad Sleep Well">The Bad Sleep Well</a></i> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Oph%C3%A9lia_(1963_film)" title="Ophélia (1963 film)">Ophelia</a></i> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Hamlet" title="Johnny Hamlet">Johnny Hamlet</a></i> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/One_Hamlet_Less" title="One Hamlet Less">One Hamlet Less</a></i> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Angel_of_Vengeance_%E2%80%93_The_Female_Hamlet" title="The Angel of Vengeance – The Female Hamlet">The Angel of Vengeance – The Female Hamlet</a></i> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Brew" title="Strange Brew">Strange Brew</a></i> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_Goes_Business" title="Hamlet Goes Business">Hamlet Goes Business</a></i> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_King" title="The Lion King">The Lion King</a></i> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Let_the_Devil_Wear_Black" title="Let the Devil Wear Black">Let the Devil Wear Black</a></i> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Banquet_(2006_film)" title="The Banquet (2006 film)">The Banquet</a></i> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Doubt_(2009_film)" title="Doubt (2009 film)">Doubt</a></i> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Karmayogi_(2012_film)" title="Karmayogi (2012 film)">Karmayogi</a></i> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Haider_(film)" title="Haider (film)">Haider</a></i> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_A.D.D." title="Hamlet A.D.D.">Hamlet A.D.D.</a></i> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hemanta_(film)" title="Hemanta (film)">Hemanta</a></i> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ophelia_(2018_film)" title="Ophelia (2018 film)">Ophelia</a></i> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_King_(2019_film)" title="The Lion King (2019 film)">The Lion King</a></i> (2019)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_Had_an_Uncle" title="Hamlet Had an Uncle">Hamlet Had an Uncle</a></i> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Too,_Too_Solid_Flesh" title="Too, Too Solid Flesh">Too, Too Solid Flesh</a></i> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_and_Claudius" title="Gertrude and Claudius">Gertrude and Claudius</a></i> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dating_Hamlet" title="Dating Hamlet">Dating Hamlet</a></i> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dead_Fathers_Club" title="The Dead Fathers Club">The Dead Fathers Club</a></i> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Something_Rotten_(Gratz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Something Rotten (Gratz)">Something Rotten</a></i> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet%27s_Father" title="Hamlet's Father">Hamlet's Father</a></i> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Edgar_Sawtelle" title="The Story of Edgar Sawtelle">The Story of Edgar Sawtelle</a></i> (2008)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hamletmachine" title="Hamletmachine">Hamletmachine</a></i> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dogg%27s_Hamlet,_Cahoot%27s_Macbeth" title="Dogg's Hamlet, Cahoot's Macbeth">Dogg's Hamlet</a></i> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fortinbras_(play)" title="Fortinbras (play)">Fortinbras</a></i> (1991)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Rockabye_Hamlet" title="Rockabye Hamlet">Rockabye Hamlet</a></i> (1973)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1959_film)" title="Hamlet (1959 film)">Hamlet</a></i> (Australian TV, 1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_at_Elsinore" title="Hamlet at Elsinore">Hamlet at Elsinore</a></i> (BBC, 1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television_Shakespeare#Hamlet,_Prince_of_Denmark" title="BBC Television Shakespeare">Hamlet, Prince of Denmark</a></i> (BBC, 1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare:_The_Animated_Tales#Hamlet" title="Shakespeare: The Animated Tales">Hamlet</a></i> (BBC 2, animated, 1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(2009_film)" title="Hamlet (2009 film)">Hamlet</a></i> (BBC 2, 2009)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/15-Minute_Hamlet" title="15-Minute Hamlet">15-Minute Hamlet</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Works_of_William_Shakespeare_(Abridged)" title="The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged)">The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged)</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Rosencrantz_and_Guildenstern_(play)" title="Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (play)">Rosencrantz and Guildenstern</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/I,_Hamlet" title="I, Hamlet">I, Hamlet</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Klingon_Hamlet" title="The Klingon Hamlet">The Klingon Hamlet</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/List_of_VeggieTales_videos#Lyle_the_Kindly_Viking_(2001)" title="List of VeggieTales videos">Lyle the Kindly Viking</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/To_Be_or_Not_to_Be_(book)" title="To Be or Not to Be (book)">To Be or Not to Be: That is the Adventure</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Tales_from_the_Public_Domain" title="Tales from the Public Domain">Tales from the Public Domain</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Skinhead_Hamlet" class="mw-redirect" title="Skinhead Hamlet">The Skinhead Hamlet</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/My_Robin_is_to_the_greenwood_gone" title="My Robin is to the greenwood gone">My Robin is to the greenwood gone</a>" (16th century)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Pull_Me_Under" title="Pull Me Under">Pull Me Under</a>" (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Song_for_Athene" title="Song for Athene">Song for Athene</a>" (1997)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opera/classical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(Thomas)" title="Hamlet (Thomas)"><i>Hamlet</i></a> (Thomas)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amleto</a></i> (Faccio)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Hamlet (Tchaikovsky)">Hamlet</a> (Tchaikovsky)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Tristia_(Berlioz)" title="Tristia (Berlioz)">Tristia</a></i> (Berlioz)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Hamletmaschine_(opera)" title="Die Hamletmaschine (opera)">Die Hamletmaschine</a></i> (Rihm)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(Dean)" title="Hamlet (Dean)">Hamlet</a></i> (Dean)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_references_to_Hamlet" title="Cultural references to Hamlet">In popular culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/To_Be_or_Not_to_Be_(1942_film)" title="To Be or Not to Be (1942 film)">To Be or Not to Be</a></i> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Performance_of_Hamlet_in_the_Village_of_Mrdu%C5%A1a_Donja" title="A Performance of Hamlet in the Village of Mrduša Donja">A Performance of Hamlet in the Village of Mrduša Donja</a></i> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/To_Be_or_Not_to_Be_(1983_film)" title="To Be or Not to Be (1983 film)">To Be or Not to Be</a></i> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Rosencrantz_%26_Guildenstern_Are_Dead_(film)" title="Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (film)">Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead</a></i> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Highlander_II:_The_Quickening" title="Highlander II: The Quickening">Highlander II: The Quickening</a></i> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Action_Hero" title="Last Action Hero">Last Action Hero</a></i> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Man_(film)" title="Renaissance Man (film)">Renaissance Man</a></i> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Bleak_Midwinter_(film)" title="In the Bleak Midwinter (film)">In the Bleak Midwinter</a></i> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/War_(2002_film)" title="War (2002 film)">War</a></i> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_2" title="Hamlet 2">Hamlet 2</a></i> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Rosencrantz_and_Guildenstern_Are_Undead" title="Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead">Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead</a></i> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Days_(of_Hamlet)" title="Three Days (of Hamlet)">Three Days</a></i> (2012)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Rosencrantz_and_Guildenstern_Are_Dead" title="Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead">Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead</a></i> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Stage_Blood" title="Stage Blood">Stage Blood</a></i> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/I_Hate_Hamlet" title="I Hate Hamlet">I Hate Hamlet</a></i> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/To_Be_or_Not_to_Be_(play)" title="To Be or Not to Be (play)">To Be or Not to Be</a></i> (2008)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet,_Revenge!" title="Hamlet, Revenge!">Hamlet, Revenge!</a></i> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>Theatre of War</i> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/The_Undiscovered" title="The Undiscovered">The Undiscovered</a>" (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shakespeare_Stealer" title="The Shakespeare Stealer">The Shakespeare Stealer</a></i> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Interred_with_Their_Bones" title="Interred with Their Bones">Interred with Their Bones</a></i> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hamnet_(novel)" title="Hamnet (novel)">Hamnet</a></i> (2020)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/The_Producer" title="The Producer">The Producer</a>" (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/The_Conscience_of_the_King" title="The Conscience of the King">The Conscience of the King</a>" (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Born_to_Be_King_(Blackadder)" title="Born to Be King (Blackadder)">Born to Be King</a>" (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Terrance_and_Phillip:_Behind_the_Blow" title="Terrance and Phillip: Behind the Blow">Terrance and Phillip: Behind the Blow</a>" (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Slings_%26_Arrows" title="Slings & Arrows">Slings & Arrows</a></i> (2003)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Action_Hero_(video_game)" title="Last Action Hero (video game)">Last Action Hero</a></i> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(video_game)" title="Hamlet (video game)">Hamlet</a></i> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Elsinore_(video_game)" title="Elsinore (video game)">Elsinore</a></i> (2019)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Asterix_and_the_Great_Crossing" title="Asterix and the Great Crossing">Asterix and the Great Crossing</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seagull" title="The Seagull">The Seagull</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Sharpe%27s_Havoc" title="Sharpe's Havoc">Sharpe's Havoc</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ophelia_(painting)" title="Ophelia (painting)"><i>Ophelia</i> (Millais)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ophelia_(Cabanel)" title="Ophelia (Cabanel)"><i>Ophelia</i> (Cabanel)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Affe_mit_Sch%C3%A4del" title="Affe mit Schädel">Affe mit Schädel</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ophelia_(John_William_Waterhouse)" title="Ophelia (John William Waterhouse)"><i>Ophelia</i> (Waterhouse)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Polish_Hamlet._Portrait_of_Aleksander_Wielopolski" title="Polish Hamlet. Portrait of Aleksander Wielopolski">Polish Hamlet. Portrait of Aleksander Wielopolski</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_River_Bank_(Ophelia)" title="The River Bank (Ophelia)">The River Bank (Ophelia)</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_and_Oedipus" title="Hamlet and Oedipus">Hamlet and Oedipus</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_and_His_Problems" title="Hamlet and His Problems">Hamlet and His Problems</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebenon" title="Hebenon">Hebenon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_Q1" title="Hamlet Q1">Hamlet Q1</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ostalo_je_%C4%87utanje" title="Ostalo je ćutanje">Ostalo je ćutanje</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Amber" title="The Chronicles of Amber">The Chronicles of Amber</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._65_(Haydn)" title="Symphony No. 65 (Haydn)">Symphony No. 65</a>" (Haydn)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobart_Shakespeareans" title="The Hobart Shakespeareans">The Hobart Shakespeareans</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_%E2%80%93_The_Cry" title="Gertrude – The Cry">Gertrude – The Cry</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Poor_Murderer" title="Poor Murderer">Poor Murderer</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Something_Rotten!" title="Something Rotten!">Something Rotten!</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Anarchy" title="Sons of Anarchy">Sons of Anarchy</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output 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