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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Edith Summerskill</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Summerskill,_Baroness_Summerskill" title="Edith Summerskill, Baroness Summerskill – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edith Summerskill, Baroness Summerskill" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Summerskill" title="Edith Summerskill – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edith Summerskill" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Summerskill" title="Edith Summerskill – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Edith Summerskill" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9C" title="אדית סאמרסקיל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדית סאמרסקיל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84" title="اديث سامرسكيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اديث سامرسكيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British politician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Baroness Summerskill</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of Honour">CH</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Baroness_Summerskill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Baroness_Summerskill.jpg/220px-Baroness_Summerskill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Baroness_Summerskill.jpg/330px-Baroness_Summerskill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Baroness_Summerskill.jpg/440px-Baroness_Summerskill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="754" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of National Insurance">Minister of National Insurance</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />28 February 1950 – 26 October 1951</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">James Griffiths</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Osbert_Peake" class="mw-redirect" title="Osbert Peake">Osbert Peake</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Ministry_of_Food" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food">Parliamentary Secretary<br />to the Ministry of Food</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />4 August 1945 – 28 February 1950</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Florence_Horsbrugh" class="mw-redirect" title="Florence Horsbrugh">Florence Horsbrugh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Evans" title="Stanley Evans">Stanley Evans</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the House of Lords">Member of the House of Lords</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lord_Temporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Temporal">Lord Temporal</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />4 February 1961 – 4 February 1980 <br /><a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">Life peerage</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Warrington_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Warrington (UK Parliament constituency)">Warrington</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />26 May 1955 – 4 February 1961</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_Morgan" title="Hyacinth Morgan">Hyacinth Morgan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Williams_(Warrington_MP)" title="Thomas Williams (Warrington MP)">Thomas Williams</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Fulham_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulham West">Fulham West</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />6 April 1938 – 6 May 1955</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Cobb" title="Cyril Cobb">Cyril Cobb</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Constituency Abolished</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1901-04-19</span>)</span>19 April 1901</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 February 1980<span style="display:none">(1980-02-04)</span> (aged 78)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Dr Jeffrey Samuel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Summerskill" title="Shirley Summerskill">Shirley Summerskill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_Hospital_Medical_School" title="Charing Cross Hospital Medical School">Charing Cross Hospital Medical School</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Edith Clara Summerskill, Baroness Summerskill</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of Honour">CH</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span></span> (19 April 1901 – 4 February 1980) was a British physician, feminist, <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> politician and writer. She was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council">Privy Council</a> in 1949. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Summerskill&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Summerskill attended <a href="/wiki/Eltham_Hill_Grammar_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Eltham Hill Grammar School">Eltham Hill Grammar School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hackney_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hackney-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She then went to <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a>, and was admitted to medical school at <a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_Hospital_Medical_School" title="Charing Cross Hospital Medical School">Charing Cross Hospital Medical School</a>, one of the earliest women to be admitted to medical school. </p><p>She was one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Health_Association" title="Socialist Health Association">Socialist Health Association</a>, which spearheaded the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> (1948). She pressed for equal rights for women in the <a href="/wiki/British_Home_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="British Home Guard">British Home Guard</a>. In 1938, she was involved with the <a href="/wiki/Married_Women%27s_Association" title="Married Women's Association">Married Women's Association</a> to promote equality in marriage. It was formed as a splinter group that was created with <a href="/wiki/Juanita_Frances" title="Juanita Frances">Juanita Frances</a> as its first chair.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Summerskill became its first president.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parliament">Parliament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Summerskill&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Summerskill entered politics at 32 when she was asked to fight the Green Lanes ward in <a href="/wiki/Harringay" title="Harringay">Harringay</a> in the Middlesex County Council elections.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She then served as a councillor on <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a> <a href="/wiki/County_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="County Council">County Council</a> from 1934 until 1941. She stood for a seat in the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">House of Commons</a> unsuccessfully at the <a href="/wiki/1934_Putney_by-election" title="1934 Putney by-election">Putney byelection in 1934</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bury (UK Parliament constituency)">Bury</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1935_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1935 United Kingdom general election">1935 general election</a>, before becoming Labour <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) for <a href="/wiki/Fulham_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulham West">Fulham West</a> at <a href="/wiki/1938_Fulham_West_by-election" title="1938 Fulham West by-election">a by-election</a> in 1938 thanks to the working women's vote. She caused some disquiet by taking the seat in her maiden name. When the Fulham West constituency was abolished for the <a href="/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1955 United Kingdom general election">1955 general election</a>, she was returned to the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">House of Commons</a> as MP for <a href="/wiki/Warrington_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Warrington (UK Parliament constituency)">Warrington</a>. She had a London flat in <a href="/wiki/Ennismore_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Ennismore Gardens">Ennismore Gardens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Summerskill was included in <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a>'s Labour government following the election victory in 1945. She served as a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Secretary">Parliamentary Secretary</a> in the Ministry of Food, and was later promoted to the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Work_and_Pensions" title="Secretary of State for Work and Pensions">Ministry of Social and National Insurance</a>, heading the department she was profiled as the Minister of National Insurance, however she was not a cabinet minister. </p><p>As well as her service in government, Summerskill also served on the House of Commons <a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_Honours_Scrutiny_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Political Honours Scrutiny Committee (page does not exist)">Political Honours Scrutiny Committee</a> from 1967 to 1976. </p><p>Summerskill served as <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Ministry_of_Food" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food">Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food</a> (1945–50) and as Minister of <a href="/wiki/National_Insurance" title="National Insurance">National Insurance</a> (1950–51). She was a member of the Labour Party's <a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_Labour_Party" title="National Executive Committee of the Labour Party">National Executive Committee</a> from 1944 to 1958 and served as Chair of the Labour Party 1954–5). She left the House of Commons in 1961 and was created a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a> as <b>Baroness Summerskill</b>, <i>of <a href="/wiki/Hampstead_Heath#Kenwood" title="Hampstead Heath">Ken Wood</a> in the <a href="/wiki/County_of_London" title="County of London">County of London</a></i> on 4 February 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, she was awarded an additional honour, being initiated into the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" title="Order of the Companions of Honour">Order of the Companions of Honour</a> (CH) in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Summerskill appears in a specially selected list of <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> members from 1942 to 1947, showing continuity and prestige. An active feminist, she was instrumental in promoting women's causes throughout that period, starting with the Clean Milk Act in 1949. Later, as the president of the Married Women's Association, she campaigned in and outside the parliament to assure the equal rights of housewives and of divorced women, which resulted in the Married Women's Properties Act in 1964 and the Matrimonial Homes Act in 1967. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letters_to_My_Daughter"><i>Letters to My Daughter</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Summerskill&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Letters to My Daughter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1950s, Summerskill wrote a series of letters to her daughter <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Summerskill" title="Shirley Summerskill">Shirley</a>, who, like her mother, was an active feminist. Shirley studied medicine in Oxford at that time and later became a doctor and a Member of Parliament and of Cabinet. Edith Summerskill's letters to Shirley were collected and published in a book <i>Letters to My Daughter</i> (1957). Summerskill outlines her belief that women are superior to men in almost every way. In support of such a theory Summerskill presents three "facts": firstly, that only women can enjoy two worlds of creative enterprise, the <a href="/wiki/Biological" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological">biological</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Intellectual" title="Intellectual">intellectual</a>. Secondly, she suggests women are physically stronger, live longer, and are constitutionally tougher, having greater <a href="/wiki/Endurance" title="Endurance">stamina</a>. Finally, she believes women have equal if not greater <a href="/wiki/Intellect" title="Intellect">intellect</a> than men.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Summerskill's book contains only Edith's letters to her daughter, the mother's response to questions raised by the daughter creates a sense of an ongoing dialogue between the two, concerning issues of education for women, equality and achievements. In reply to Shirley's question about the part that married women are playing in the affairs of the country, her mother writes: </p> <blockquote><p>The insistent demand of women for recognition in spheres of work outside the home, which has quietly but unremittingly been advanced in the course of the last hundred years, has grudgingly been conceded. As a doctor and a Member of Parliament I am fully conscious of the fact that the doors both of the medical schools and of the House of Commons had to be forced by furious and frustrated women before their claims were recognized. It would be quite inaccurate to suggest that we were welcomed into the universities or into public life. (143)</p></blockquote> <p>Summerskill constantly struggles for and raises consciousness about women's equal rights. In response to Shirley's complaint about "the stock question" of the anti-feminists, "Why have not more women achieved eminence in the arts and sciences?" She answers: "Personally I am astounded that so many have distinguished themselves despite the conditions which society has imposed upon them" (181). Summerskill maintains that in spite of the difficulties and prejudices, women are making progress and have achievements in music, visual art, and literature as well as some advancement in science and technology (181). Yet Summerskill's conclusion in 1956 is similar to the one <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a> reached twenty-five years earlier.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Synthesis_of_published_material" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag may be based upon an improper synthesis of sources. (September 2013)">improper synthesis?</span></a></i>]</sup> Woolf writes that even when all the outward obstacles are overcome, she, or any other a woman, has not solved the problem of "my own experiences as a body" (1942: 206); Summerskill makes the parallel concession that for a woman, the "most powerful force, which takes her off the course" is the "biological urge to have a family" (187). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Summerskill&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Summerskill was married in 1925 to Dr Jeffrey Samuel. Their children took their mother's surname. Her daughter, <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Summerskill" title="Shirley Summerskill">Shirley Summerskill</a>, also served as a physician, member of parliament and government minister. Her grandson <a href="/wiki/Ben_Summerskill" title="Ben Summerskill">Ben Summerskill</a> became chief executive of the British gay equality charity <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stonewall (UK)">Stonewall</a> in 2003. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Summerskill&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Babies without Tears</i> (1941)</li> <li><i>Wanted—babies: A trenchant examination of a grave national problem</i> (1943)</li> <li><i>Letters to my Daughter</i> (1957)</li> <li><i>The Ignoble Art</i> (1957)</li> <li><i>A Woman's World: Memoirs</i> (1967)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Summerskill&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hackney-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hackney_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmith2009" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Virginia (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://health.hackneysociety.org/page_id__37.aspx?path=0p5p">"Dr Edith Summerskill (1901-80)"</a>. <i>The story of healthcare in Hackney</i>. The Hackney Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+story+of+healthcare+in+Hackney&rft.atitle=Dr+Edith+Summerskill+%281901-80%29&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhealth.hackneysociety.org%2Fpage_id__37.aspx%3Fpath%3D0p5p&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdith+Summerskill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-63847">"Frances, Juanita [née Juanita Frances Lemont; married name Juanita Frances Schlesinger] (1901–1992), feminist activist and organizer"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F63847">10.1093/ref:odnb/63847</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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LCC<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Edith Summerskill</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/houseoflords/house-of-lords-reform/from-the-collections/from-the-parliamentary-collections-lords-reform/the-work-of-the-life-peers/edithsummerskill1901-1980/">Edith Summerskill: Life Peer - UK Parliament Living Heritage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qub.ac.uk/cawp/UK%20bios/UK_bios_30s.htm#esummerskill">Centre for Advancement of Women in Politics profile</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.lse.ac.uk/TreeBrowse.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&field=RefNo&key=SUMMERSKILL">Catalogue of the Edith Summerskill papers held at LSE Archives</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Sir <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Cobb" title="Cyril Cobb">Cyril Cobb</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Fulham_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulham West">Fulham West</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1938_Fulham_West_by-election" title="1938 Fulham West by-election">1938</a>–<a href="/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1955 United Kingdom general election">1955</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>constituency abolished </b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Dr <a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_Morgan" title="Hyacinth Morgan">Hyacinth Morgan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Warrington_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Warrington (UK Parliament constituency)">Warrington</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1955 United Kingdom general election">1955</a>–<a href="/wiki/1961_Warrington_by-election" title="1961 Warrington by-election">1961</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Williams_(Warrington_MP)" title="Thomas Williams (Warrington MP)">Thomas Williams</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">James Griffiths</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of National Insurance">Minister of National Insurance</a> </b><br />1950–1951 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Osbert_Peake" class="mw-redirect" title="Osbert Peake">Osbert Peake</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Burke" title="Wilfrid Burke">Wilfrid Burke</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_Labour_Party" title="National Executive Committee of the Labour Party">Chair of the Labour Party</a> </b><br />1954–1955 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Gooch" title="Edwin Gooch">Edwin Gooch</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="John Hodge (politician)">Hodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laming_Worthington-Evans" title="Laming Worthington-Evans">Worthington-Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Macpherson,_1st_Baron_Strathcarron" title="Ian Macpherson, 1st Baron Strathcarron">Macpherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tryon,_1st_Baron_Tryon" title="George Tryon, 1st Baron Tryon">Tryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts_(British_politician)" title="Frederick Roberts (British politician)">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tryon,_1st_Baron_Tryon" title="George Tryon, 1st Baron Tryon">Tryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts_(British_politician)" title="Frederick Roberts (British politician)">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tryon,_1st_Baron_Tryon" title="George Tryon, 1st Baron Tryon">Tryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hudson,_1st_Viscount_Hudson" title="Robert Hudson, 1st Viscount Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herwald_Ramsbotham,_1st_Viscount_Soulbury" title="Herwald Ramsbotham, 1st Viscount Soulbury">Ramsbotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Womersley" title="Walter Womersley">Womersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Paling" title="Wilfred Paling">Paling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hynd" title="John Hynd">Hynd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Buchanan_(politician)" title="George Buchanan (politician)">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Marquand" title="Hilary Marquand">Marquand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Isaacs" title="George Isaacs">Isaacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derick_Heathcoat-Amory,_1st_Viscount_Amory" title="Derick Heathcoat-Amory, 1st Viscount Amory">Heathcoat-Amory</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Work_and_Pensions" title="Secretary of State for Work and Pensions">Ministers of Social Insurance/National Insurance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Jowitt,_1st_Earl_Jowitt" title="William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt">Jowitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Hore-Belisha" title="Leslie Hore-Belisha">Hore-Belisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">Griffiths</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Summerskill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osbert_Peake,_1st_Viscount_Ingleby" title="Osbert Peake, 1st Viscount Ingleby">Peake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Pensions_and_National_Insurance#Ministers" title="Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance">Ministers of Pensions and National Insurance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osbert_Peake,_1st_Viscount_Ingleby" title="Osbert Peake, 1st Viscount Ingleby">Peake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boyd-Carpenter,_Baron_Boyd-Carpenter" title="John Boyd-Carpenter, Baron Boyd-Carpenter">Boyd-Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niall_Macpherson,_1st_Baron_Drumalbyn" title="Niall Macpherson, 1st Baron Drumalbyn">Macpherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wood,_Baron_Holderness" title="Richard Wood, Baron Holderness">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Herbison" title="Peggy Herbison">Herbison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Security_(United_Kingdom)#Ministers" title="Ministry of Social Security (United Kingdom)">Ministers of Social Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Herbison" title="Peggy Herbison">Herbison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Hart" title="Judith Hart">Hart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Social_Services" title="Secretary of State for Social Services">Secretaries of State for Social Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Crossman" title="Richard Crossman">Crossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Joseph" title="Keith Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Castle" title="Barbara Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ennals,_Baron_Ennals" title="David Ennals, Baron Ennals">Ennals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Jenkin" title="Patrick Jenkin">Jenkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Fowler,_Baron_Fowler" title="Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moore,_Baron_Moore_of_Lower_Marsh" title="John Moore, Baron Moore of Lower Marsh">Moore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Social_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Social Security">Secretaries of State for Social Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Moore,_Baron_Moore_of_Lower_Marsh" title="John Moore, Baron Moore of Lower Marsh">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Newton,_Baron_Newton_of_Braintree" title="Tony Newton, Baron Newton of Braintree">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lilley" title="Peter Lilley">Lilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Darling" title="Alistair Darling">Darling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Work_and_Pensions" title="Secretary of State for Work and Pensions">Secretaries of State for Work and Pensions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Darling" title="Alistair Darling">Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Smith_(British_politician)" title="Andrew Smith (British politician)">A. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Johnson" title="Alan Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Blunkett" title="David Blunkett">Blunkett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hutton,_Baron_Hutton_of_Furness" title="John Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness">Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hain" title="Peter Hain">Hain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Purnell" title="James Purnell">Purnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvette_Cooper" title="Yvette Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Duncan Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Crabb" title="Stephen Crabb">Crabb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damian_Green" title="Damian Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gauke" title="David Gauke">Gauke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_McVey" title="Esther McVey">McVey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Rudd" title="Amber Rudd">Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Coffey" title="Thérèse Coffey">Coffey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloe_Smith" title="Chloe Smith">C. 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