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mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-语法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>语法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-归属" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#归属"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>归属</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-归属-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文字及语音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文字及语音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>文字及语音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文字及语音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-藏語文學作品列表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#藏語文學作品列表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>藏語文學作品列表</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-藏語文學作品列表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-方言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#方言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>方言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-方言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-样例" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#样例"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>样例</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-样例-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-构拟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#构拟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>构拟</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-构拟-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关构拟子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-构拟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-原始藏语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原始藏语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>原始藏语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-原始藏语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-前原始藏语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#前原始藏语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>前原始藏语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-前原始藏语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-数词比较" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#数词比较"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>数词比较</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-数词比较-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参閲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参閲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参閲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参閲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">藏語</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。42种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_tibetanes" title="Llingües tibetanes – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües tibetanes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تبت دیللری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تبت دیللری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Тыбецкія мовы – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тыбецкія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Тыбэцкія мовы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тыбэцкія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="তিব্বতি ভাষাসমূহ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তিব্বতি ভাষাসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="བོད་ཀྱི་ཡུལ་གྲུ་སོ་སོའི་སྐད། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བོད་ཀྱི་ཡུལ་གྲུ་སོ་སོའི་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_tibetek_rik" title="Yezhoù tibetek rik – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù tibetek rik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetanische_Sprachen" title="Tibetanische Sprachen – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tibetanische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%B1wan%C3%AA_Tibetki" title="Zıwanê Tibetki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zıwanê Tibetki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tibetic languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetaj_lingvoj" title="Tibetaj lingvoj – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tibetaj lingvoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_tib%C3%A9ticas" title="Lenguas tibéticas – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas tibéticas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="زبان‌های تبتی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های تبتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_tib%C3%A9tiques" title="Langues tibétiques – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues tibétiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_tib%C3%A9ticas" title="Linguas tibéticas – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas tibéticas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="तिब्बताई भाषाएँ – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तिब्बताई भाषाएँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetski_jezici" title="Tibetski jezici – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tibetski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeti_nyelvek" title="Tibeti nyelvek – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tibeti nyelvek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Tibet" title="Rumpun bahasa Tibet – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Tibet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADbesk_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Tíbesk tungumál – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tíbesk tungumál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E8%AB%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="チベット諸語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チベット諸語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ტიბეტური ენები – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტიბეტური ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EC%96%B4" title="티베트어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티베트어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AAn_t%C3%AEbet%C3%AE" title="Zimanên tîbetî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanên tîbetî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_tibetan" title="Linguas tibetan – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas tibetan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Tibetiečių kalbos – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tibetiečių kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_tibetika" title="Fiteny tibetika – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny tibetika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Тибетски јазици – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тибетски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="तिब्बती भाषा परिवार – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तिब्बती भाषा परिवार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Tibetiske språk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tibetiske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_tybeta%C5%84skie" title="Języki tybetańskie – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki tybetańskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="تبتی زباناں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تبتی زباناں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Тибетские языки – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тибетские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="กลุ่มภาษาทิเบต – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มภาษาทิเบต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_dilleri" title="Tibet dilleri – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tibet dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Тибетські мови – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тибетські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="تبتی زبانیں – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تبتی زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_T%E1%BA%A1ng" title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Tạng – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Tạng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="藏语 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="藏语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="藏語 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="藏語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="藏語支 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="藏語支" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1641150#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&oldid=84125146" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&id=84125146&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%2597%258F%25E8%25AA%259E"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%2597%258F%25E8%25AA%259E"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1641150" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>此條目介紹的是<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="藏區">藏區</a>的主要語言。关于其他涵義，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="藏語 (消歧義)">藏語 (消歧義)</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2016年12月15日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%22">"藏語"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84078810">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="color: black; background-color: tomato;">藏语</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: tomato;"><span style="font-size: small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64579233">.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Qomolangma-Dunhuang","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","Qomolangma-Woodblock","BabelStone Tibetan Slim",Jomolhari,"Yagpo Tibetan Uni","DDC Uchen","DDC Rinzin",Kailash,"TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni",Wangdi29,"Noto Serif Tibetan","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}</style><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">བོད་སྐད་</span> <i>bod skad</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母语国家和地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9" title="不丹">不丹</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔">尼泊尔</a><br />等国的藏区<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_bod_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue_bod-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><b>区域</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="藏区">藏区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="克什米尔">克什米尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴尔蒂斯坦">巴尔蒂斯坦</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">族群</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族">藏族</a>及不丹族等藏语民族</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">母语使用人数</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">600万 （2014）<sup id="cite_ref-speakers_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-speakers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="汉藏语系">汉藏语系</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E7%BC%85%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="藏缅语族">藏缅语族</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F-%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="藏-喜马拉雅语群">藏-喜马拉雅语群</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="藏语群">藏语群</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>藏语</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">早期形式</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="中古藏語">中古藏语</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%8F%A4%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="近古藏語">近古藏语</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:2em;padding-left:0"><li><b>藏语</b></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: tomato;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=bo">bo</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/tib" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:tib">tib</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">分別為：<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/bod" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:bod">bod</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E8%97%8F%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="卫藏方言">卫藏方言</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/khg" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:khg">khg</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="康方言">康方言</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/adx" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:adx">adx</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="安多方言">安多方言</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/otb" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:otb">otb</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="中古藏語">中古藏语</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/xct" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:xct">xct</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%8F%A4%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="近古藏語">近古藏语</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/oldm1245">oldm1245</a></code><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibet_provinces.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tibet_provinces.png/295px-Tibet_provinces.png" decoding="async" width="295" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tibet_provinces.png/443px-Tibet_provinces.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tibet_provinces.png/590px-Tibet_provinces.png 2x" data-file-width="1421" data-file-height="986" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="藏区">藏区</a>的三个传统分区：衛藏、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="安多地区">安多</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="康区">康区</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>藏语</b>（<a class="mw-selflink selflink">藏語</a>：<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span lang="bo" class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">བོད་སྐད་</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%88%A9%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="威利转写">威利转写</a>：<span class="Unicode">bod skad</span>，<a href="/wiki/THL%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB" title="THL藏文轉寫">THL</a>：<span class="Unicode">Böké</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%91%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E6%B3%95" title="藏语汉语拼音字母音译转写法">藏语拼音</a>：<span class="Unicode">Pögä</span>），属<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="汉藏语系">汉藏语系</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E7%BC%85%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="藏缅语族">藏缅语族</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="藏语群">藏语支</a>，是以<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族">藏族</a>为主的喜马拉雅文化圈使用的主要語言。藏语使用区分布在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="西藏自治区">西藏自治区</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%B7%E7%9C%81" title="青海省">青海省</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E7%9C%81" title="四川省">四川省</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%9D%9D%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%8C%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="阿坝藏族羌族自治州">阿坝藏族羌族自治州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E5%AD%9C%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="甘孜藏族自治州">甘孜藏族自治州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E9%87%8C%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8E%BF" title="木里藏族自治县">木里藏族自治县</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83%E7%9C%81" title="甘肃省">甘肃省</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E5%8D%97%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="甘南藏族自治州">甘南藏族自治州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%9D%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8E%BF" title="天祝藏族自治县">天祝藏族自治县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="云南">云南</a>省的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%BA%86%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="迪庆藏族自治州">迪庆藏族自治州</a>等若干区域。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔">尼泊尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9" title="不丹">不丹</a>四个国家也有藏语使用者分布。 </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="藏文字母">藏文</a></b>是藏语的文字书写系统，在藏语各方言间通用，是根據<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%8F%A4%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="近古藏語">古典藏語</a>發音而制定的文字，亦是整個<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E7%B7%AC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="藏緬語族">藏緬語族</a>最早的文字之一。其他语言，如<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F%E6%96%87" title="西夏文">西夏文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8%E8%AF%AD" title="缅甸语">缅甸语</a>的文字创制时间比较晚。关于藏文的起源，佛教学者认为是<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a>时代公元7世纪由国王<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E8%B5%9E%E5%B9%B2%E5%B8%83" title="松赞干布">松赞干布</a>的重臣<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9E%E5%BC%A5%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E5%B8%83%E6%89%8E" title="吞弥·桑布扎">吞弥·桑布扎</a>创制的，受<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="梵文">梵文</a>拼写影响。<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="藏文字母">藏文字母</a>有上加字、下加字等垂直拼写法。爲了翻譯佛教梵文咒語，藏文字母與<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="梵文字母">梵文字母</a>有完全的對應關係。从<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="梵文">梵文</a>翻译的内容，不论词意，藏语文是其中一種可以还原梵文的语言文字。<sup id="cite_ref-AutoEO-1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoEO-1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>藏语的分支语言为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E8%97%8F%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="卫藏方言">卫藏方言</a><sup id="cite_ref-新华网吉林频道2013_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-新华网吉林频道2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-杨俊峰1998_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-杨俊峰1998-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（如<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E5%B8%82" title="拉萨市">拉萨</a>话）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="康方言">康方言</a><sup id="cite_ref-新华网吉林频道2013_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-新华网吉林频道2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-杨俊峰1998_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-杨俊峰1998-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（如<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" title="昌都市">昌都</a>话）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="安多方言">安多方言</a><sup id="cite_ref-新华网吉林频道2013_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-新华网吉林频道2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-杨俊峰1998_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-杨俊峰1998-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>三大方言。這三種語言可能同樣源自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古藏語">古书面藏語</a>，其中只有安多方言沒有區別意義的聲調，保持了古藏語的特色。藏族不同方言的通话有一定的困难，但是采用相同的文字系统<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文</a>。現代最通行的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="標準藏語">標準藏語</a>源自衛藏方言中的拉薩方言。 </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藏语文学（页面不存在）">藏语文学</a>历史悠久，是世界上最发达的文学之一<sup id="cite_ref-AutoEO-1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoEO-1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。藏语文是唯一、完整地记录自<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E8%BF%A6%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC" title="释迦牟尼">释迦牟尼</a>佛诞辰两千多年来，形成和发展的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>教义、佛教哲学，以及佛教科学的文字，包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E7%83%82%E9%99%80" class="mw-redirect" title="那烂陀">那烂陀</a>传承中，所有的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E6%95%99" title="显教">显</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">密</a>论典。特别是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="因明">因明</a>论典的完整教、学传承和方式，当今惟有藏文中记载和保存。<sup id="cite_ref-AutoEO-3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoEO-3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>除了<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="藏传佛教">藏传佛教</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F" title="大藏经">大藏经</a>（包括举世闻名的《<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E7%8F%A0%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="甘珠尔">甘珠尔</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E7%8F%A0%E7%88%BE" title="丹珠爾">丹珠尔</a>》两大佛学丛书），还有著名史诗《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%8E%8B%E4%BC%A0" title="格萨尔王传">格萨尔王传</a>》，<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="第六世达赖喇嘛">六世達賴倉央嘉措</a>的情詩集等，都是世界文學遺產中不朽的經典。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="语法"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E6.B3.95"></span>语法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：语法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" title="藏語語法">藏語語法</a></div> <p>藏語詞型態相当丰富，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D" title="动词">动词</a>分四个时态，而且时态的系统呈现很多例外，意即藏文具有<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E5%BD%A2%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="词形变化">屈折變化</a>，请参考：（藏文用<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%88%A9%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="威利转写">威利系统转写</a>） </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li>吃 <ul><li>现在时 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཟ་</span> (za)</li> <li>过去时 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཟོས་</span> (zos)</li> <li>未来时 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">བཟའ་</span> (bza')</li> <li>命令时 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཟོས་</span> (zos)</li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>读 <ul><li>现在时 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཀློག་</span> (klog)</li> <li>过去时 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">བཀླགས་</span> (bklags)</li> <li>未来时 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">བཀླག་</span> (bklag)</li> <li>命令时 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཀློགས་</span> (klogs)</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>由此可知，比起<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>諸方言，藏文語法較為接近<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%8A%98%E8%AF%AD" title="屈折语">屈折語</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="綜合語">綜合語</a>的語法。 </p><p>另一方面，藏文的基本<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="語序">語序</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%B3%93%E5%8B%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="主賓動語序">SOV</a>（主詞─受詞─動詞），且具有豐富的格變化，而其本身為一<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C-%E9%80%9A%E6%A0%BC%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="作-通格語言">作-通格語言</a>（ergative-absolutive language），意即其及物動詞的主詞為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A0%BC" title="作格">作格</a>（藏文及物動詞的主詞要加後綴-gis、-gyis、-kyis、-'is、-yis等，且此後綴和藏文<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E6%A0%BC" title="工具格">工具格</a>所使用者相同），而不及物動詞的主詞和及物動詞的受詞（都不加後綴）的語法格為<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E6%A0%BC" title="通格">通格</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="归属"><span id=".E5.BD.92.E5.B1.9E"></span>归属</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：归属"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_origin_and_spread_of_the_Sino-Tibetan_language_family.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_origin_and_spread_of_the_Sino-Tibetan_language_family.png/500px-The_origin_and_spread_of_the_Sino-Tibetan_language_family.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_origin_and_spread_of_the_Sino-Tibetan_language_family.png/750px-The_origin_and_spread_of_the_Sino-Tibetan_language_family.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_origin_and_spread_of_the_Sino-Tibetan_language_family.png/1000px-The_origin_and_spread_of_the_Sino-Tibetan_language_family.png 2x" data-file-width="2851" data-file-height="1910" /></a><figcaption>汉藏语系的起源与传播。红椭圆是磁山晚期和仰韶早期的文化。黑色箭头是非汉语族的假定途径。在将语言比较方法应用于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="沙加尔">沙加尔</a>于2019年开发的比较语言数据数据库以识别声音对应关系并建立同源词后，系统发育方法被用于推断这些语言之间的关系并估计其起源和家乡的年龄。<sup id="cite_ref-AutoEO-6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoEO-6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>藏语属<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="汉藏语系">汉藏语系</a>，所以藏语和汉语之间存在并不遥远的关系，两种语言来自同一个<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E8%AA%9E" title="祖語">原始语</a>（此原始語又叫<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%BC%A2%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="原始漢藏語">原始漢藏語</a>）。汉藏原始语分裂的时间，估计是公元前4000年到6000年左右。<sup id="cite_ref-AutoEO-4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoEO-4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>藏文保留了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%97%8F%E7%B7%AC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始藏緬語">原始藏缅语</a>的古音，包括复杂的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3" title="复辅音">复辅音</a>。藏语和汉语之间存在很多<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%8D" title="同源词">同源词</a>。但由于汉语经历过许多语音变化，不能直接把現今<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%9D" title="普通话">普通话</a>或其他漢語方言的发音用来进行比较，必须运用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="上古汉语">上古汉语</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)" title="重建 (語言學)">构拟</a>。以下举上几个有代表性的汉藏同源词（上古汉语采用<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E5%BC%A0%E5%B0%9A%E8%8A%B3" title="郑张尚芳">郑张尚芳</a>先生的构拟）： </p> <table class="wikitable" align="left" border="1" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">汉语 </th> <th rowspan="2">藏语 </th></tr> <tr> <th>汉字</th> <th>上古音 </th></tr> <tr> <td>虱</td> <td>*srig</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཤིག་</span> (shig) </td></tr> <tr> <td>吾</td> <td>*ŋraː</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ང་</span> (nga) </td></tr> <tr> <td>语</td> <td>*ŋaʔ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ངག་</span> (ngag) </td></tr> <tr> <td>飞</td> <td>*pɯl</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">འཕུར་</span> ('phur) </td></tr> <tr> <td>死</td> <td>*sijʔ (白一平-沙加尔系统)<br />*hljiʔ (郑张尚芳系统)</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཤི་</span> (shi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>杀</td> <td>*sreːd</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">བསད་</span> (bsad) </td></tr> <tr> <td>目</td> <td>*mug</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">མིག་</span> (mig) </td></tr> <tr> <td>耳</td> <td>*njɯʔ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">རྣ་</span> (rna) </td></tr> <tr> <td>二</td> <td>*njis</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">གཉིས་</span> (gnyis) </td></tr> <tr> <td>三</td> <td>*suːm</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">གསུམ་</span> (gsum) </td></tr> <tr> <td>四</td> <td>*hljids</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">བཞི་</span> (bzhi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>五</td> <td>*ŋaːʔ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ལྔ་</span> (lnga) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文字及语音"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.97.E5.8F.8A.E8.AF.AD.E9.9F.B3"></span>文字及语音</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：文字及语音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="藏文字">藏文字</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="藏語音系">藏語音系</a></div> <p>藏文的書寫系統，基本上是一種<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%99%84%E6%A0%87%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="元音附标文字">元音附標文字</a>，此字母代表的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古典藏語">古典藏語</a>的發音，故其發音和現代<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="標準藏語">標準藏語</a>發音不一定能完全相契合。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="藏語文學作品列表"><span id=".E8.97.8F.E8.AA.9E.E6.96.87.E5.AD.B8.E4.BD.9C.E5.93.81.E5.88.97.E8.A1.A8"></span>藏語文學作品列表</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：藏語文學作品列表"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%89%E5%A4%AE%E5%98%89%E6%8E%AA%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C" title="倉央嘉措詩歌">倉央嘉措詩歌</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%8E%8B%E4%BC%A0" title="格萨尔王传">格萨尔王传</a>》</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="方言"><span id=".E6.96.B9.E8.A8.80"></span>方言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：方言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="藏语方言">藏语方言</a></div> <p>藏语方言有多种划分方案。 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E8%97%8F%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="卫藏方言">卫藏方言</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="康方言">康方言</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="安多方言">安多方言</a>使用人数最多，被称为藏语三大方言。 </p><p>根据布拉德利（Bradley）<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，这些语言聚类如下（方言信息来自伯尔尼大学的藏语方言项目）： </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80230634">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:1.25em;text-indent:0.35em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><b>藏语Tibetic</b> <ul><li><b>西部古藏语（Western Archaic Tibetan）</b>（无声调）,包括拉达克语（Ladakhi）, 巴尔蒂语（Balti）、布里格语（Burig）</li> <li><b>安多藏语（Amdo Tibetan）</b> 包括卓尼语（迭部-卓尼 Thewo-Chone）（无声调）</li> <li><b>康藏语（Khams Tibetan）</b>（声调）</li> <li><b>西部创新藏语（Western Innovative Tibetan）</b>（拉胡利-斯皮提 Lahuli–Spiti）（略带声调） <ul><li>上<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="拉达克">拉达克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="藏斯卡">藏斯卡</a>方言、西北印度边境地区（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%B1%AA%E7%88%BE%E5%92%8C%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%AE%E6%8F%90%E7%B8%A3" title="拉豪爾和斯皮提縣">拉豪爾和斯皮提縣</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%98%BF%E5%9D%8E%E5%BE%B7%E9%82%A6" title="北阿坎德邦">北阿坎德邦</a>）以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E8%BE%BE%E5%8E%BF" title="札达县">札达县</a>（西藏最西部）的方言</li></ul></li> <li><b>中部藏语（Central Tibetan）</b>（略带声调） <ul><li>西藏西部阿里地区、尼泊尔北部边境地区的大部分方言、日喀则地区的藏语方言以及卫藏方言（山南、拉萨等）是标准藏语的基础。</li></ul></li> <li><b>北部藏语（Northern Tibetan）</b>（略带声调） <ul><li>西藏中北部那曲地区改则方言和青海南部囊谦方言（图尔纳德 Tournadre 认为是康方言）</li></ul></li> <li><b>南部藏语（Southern Tibetan）</b>（略带声调） <ul><li>藏南春丕谷的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%93%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="卓木语">卓木语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="夏尔巴语">夏尔巴语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E7%83%AD%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="几热尔语">几热尔语</a>，以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E9%87%91%E8%AF%AD" title="锡金语">锡金语</a>和不丹的各种语言：<br /></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%96%80%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="宗喀语">宗喀语</a>（Dzongkha）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="布罗卡特语">布罗卡特语</a>（Brokkat）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%95%E8%AF%AD" title="布罗克帕语">布罗克帕语</a>（Brokpa）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E5%AD%94%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="乔孔卡语">乔孔卡语</a>（Chocangaca）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="拉卡语">拉卡语</a>（Lakha）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="拉雅方言">拉雅方言</a>（Laya dialect）、鲁那那方言（Lunana dialect）。 </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="样例"><span id=".E6.A0.B7.E4.BE.8B"></span>样例</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：样例"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="世界人权宣言">世界人权宣言</a>》第二条（前半）： </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">སྐྱེ་བོ་རེ་རེར་གསལ་བསྒྲགས་འདི་ནང་བཀོད་པའི་ཐོབ་ཐང་དང་རང་དབང་སྟེ། མི་རིགས་དང། ཤ་མདོག། ཕོ་མོ། སྐད་ཡིག། ཆོས་ལུགས། སྲིད་དོན་བཅས་སམ། འདོད་ཚུལ་གཞན་དག་དང་། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་འབྱུང་ཁུངས་། མཁར་དབང་། རིགས་རྒྱུད། དེ་མིན་གནས་ཚུལ་འདི་རིགས་གང་ཡང་རུང་བར་དབྱེ་འབྱེད་མེད་པའི་ཐོབ་དབང་ཡོད།།</span></dd></dl> <p>威利转写：skye bo re rer gsal bsgrags 'di nang bkod pa'i thob thang dang rang dbang ste / mi rigs dang / sha mdog / pho mo / skad yig / chos lugs / srid don bcas sam / 'dod tshul gzhan dag dang / rgyal khab dang spyi tshogs kyi 'byung khungs / mkhar dbang / rigs rgyud / de min gans tshul 'di rigs gang yang rung bar dbye 'byed med pa'i thob dbang yod </p><p>汉译：人人有資格享受本宣言所載的一切權利和自由，不分種族、膚色、性別、語言、宗教、政治或其他見解、國籍或社會出身、財產、出生或其他身份等任何區別。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="构拟"><span id=".E6.9E.84.E6.8B.9F"></span>构拟</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：构拟"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="原始藏语"><span id=".E5.8E.9F.E5.A7.8B.E8.97.8F.E8.AF.AD"></span>原始藏语</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：原始藏语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>原始藏语是藏语所有方言的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="祖语">祖语</a>，构拟可见Tournadre (2014)。<sup id="cite_ref-Tournadre2014_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tournadre2014-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>原始藏语与书面<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%8F%A4%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="近古藏語">古典藏语</a>比较接近。下面列出原始藏语的音系特征。（Tournadre 2014: 113） </p> <ul><li>前缀*s(ǝ)-, *d(ǝ)-/g(ǝ)-, *m(ǝ)-, and *b(ǝ)-继承自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%97%8F%E7%B7%AC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始藏緬語">原始藏缅语</a>。*s(ǝ)-、*d(ǝ)-/*g(ǝ)-、*m(ǝ)-/*r(ǝ)-主要用于动物与身体部位。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%9F%B3" title="齿音">齿音</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E9%9F%B3" title="齿龈音">齿龈音</a>在<i>y</i> (/j/)前<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8E%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="顎化">颚化</a>。</li> <li>/m/后的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="边音">边音</a>变为<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%9F%B3" title="齿音">齿音</a>（如*ml > *md）。</li> <li>塞音声母送气变为音位。这见于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="中古藏語">中古藏语</a>送气与不送气的写法交替，例子如gcig ~ gchig (གཅིག་ ~ གཆིག་)“1”；phyin-chad ~ phyin-cad (ཕྱིན་ཆད་ ~ ཕྱིན་ཅད་)“现在开始”；ci ~ chi (ཅི་ ~ ཆི་)“什么”；cu ~ chu (ཅུ་ ~ ཆུ་)“水”。</li></ul> <p>Tournadre (2014)构拟的原始藏语形式： </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>*g(ǝ)-tɕik “1”</li> <li>*g(ǝ)-nyis “2”</li> <li>*g(ǝ)-su- “3”</li> <li>*b(ǝ)-ʑi “4”</li> <li>*l(ǝ)-ŋa “5”</li> <li>*d(ǝ)-ruk “6”</li> <li>*b(ǝ)-dun “7”</li> <li>*b(ǝ)-rgyat “8”</li> <li>*d(ǝ)-gu “9”</li> <li>*b(ǝ)-tɕu “10”</li> <li>*s(ǝ)-dik-pa “蝎”</li> <li>*s(ǝ)-bal “蛙”</li> <li>*s(ǝ)-tak “虎”</li> <li>*s(ǝ)-b-rul “蛇”</li> <li>*s(ǝ)-pra “猴”</li> <li>*s(ǝ)-kra “头发”</li> <li>*s(ǝ)-nyiŋ “心”</li> <li>*s(ǝ)-na “鼻”</li> <li>*d(ǝ)-myik “目”</li> <li>*m(ǝ)-go “头”</li> <li>*r(ǝ)-na “耳”</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="前原始藏语"><span id=".E5.89.8D.E5.8E.9F.E5.A7.8B.E8.97.8F.E8.AF.AD"></span>前原始藏语</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：前原始藏语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>前原始藏语是假定的原始藏语之前的形成阶段。<sup id="cite_ref-Tournadre2014_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tournadre2014-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>*ty-, *ly-, *sy-在前原始藏语中没有颚化（Tournadre 2014: 113-114）。<sup id="cite_ref-Tournadre2014_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tournadre2014-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>前原始藏语到原始藏语假设的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="音变">音变</a>有*ty- > *tɕ-、*sy- > *ɕ-、*tsy- > *tɕ-、*ly- > *ʑ-；而Tournadre (2014: 114)指出，很多<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="藏语群">藏语群</a>（如<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9D%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="巴松语">巴松语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%8A%92%E8%AF%AD" title="达芒语">达芒语</a>和库尔托普语（Kurtöp）（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="东部藏语群">东部藏语群</a>））没有经历这些音变（如Bake（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9D%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="巴松语">巴松语</a>）<i>ti</i>“什么”vs. 原始藏语*tɕ(h)i；Bake <i>tɨ</i>“1”vs. 原始藏语*g(ǝ)-tɕ(h)ik；Kurtöp <i><sup>H</sup>la:</i>“铁”和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%A7%86%E5%94%90%E8%AF%AD" title="布姆唐语">布姆唐语</a> <i>lak</i>“铁” vs. 原始藏语*ltɕaks）。 </p><p>Tournadre (2014: 114-116)给出的构拟如下： </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>词义</th> <th>前原始藏语</th> <th>原始藏语</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%8F%A4%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="近古藏語">近古藏语</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>*g(ǝ)-tyik</td> <td>*g(ǝ)-tɕ(h)ik</td> <td>gcig / gchig གཅིག་ / གཆིག（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="中古藏語">中古藏语</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td>大</td> <td>*tye</td> <td>*tɕ(h)e</td> <td>che ཆེ་ (Old Tibetan) </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>*b(ǝ)-tyu</td> <td>*b(ǝ)-tɕu</td> <td>bcu / bchu བཅུ་ / བཆུ་（中古藏语） </td></tr> <tr> <td>什么</td> <td>*tyi</td> <td>*tɕ(h)i</td> <td>ci / chi ཅི་ / ཆི་（中古藏语） </td></tr> <tr> <td>肉</td> <td>*sya</td> <td>*ɕa</td> <td>sha ཤ་ </td></tr> <tr> <td>知道</td> <td>*syes</td> <td>*ɕes</td> <td>shes ཤེས་ </td></tr> <tr> <td>树木</td> <td>*sying</td> <td>*ɕiŋ</td> <td>shing ཤིང་ </td></tr> <tr> <td>切（过去时词干）</td> <td>*b(ǝ)-tsyat</td> <td>*b(ǝ)-tɕat</td> <td>bcad བཅད་ </td></tr> <tr> <td>口水</td> <td>*m(ǝ)-tsyil-ma</td> <td>*m(ǝ)-tɕ(h)il-ma</td> <td>mchil-ma མཆིལ་མ་ </td></tr> <tr> <td>肝</td> <td>*m(ǝ)-tsin-pa</td> <td>*m(ǝ)-tɕ(h)in-pa</td> <td>mchin-pa མཆིན་པ </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>*b(ǝ)-lyi</td> <td>*b(ǝ)ʑi</td> <td>bzhi བཞི་ </td></tr> <tr> <td>田野</td> <td>*lying</td> <td>*ʑiŋ</td> <td>zhing ཞིང་ </td></tr> <tr> <td>跳蚤</td> <td>*ldi</td> <td>*ldʑi</td> <td>lji ལྗི་, 'ji ་འཇི་ </td></tr> <tr> <td>铁</td> <td>*s(ǝ)-lak(s) > *l-sak(s) > *l-tsyak(s)</td> <td>*ltɕaks</td> <td>lcags ལྕགས་ </td></tr> <tr> <td>箭</td> <td></td> <td>*mda</td> <td>mda' མདའ་ </td></tr> <tr> <td>抑制</td> <td>*bnans</td> <td>*mnans</td> <td>mnand（中古藏语） </td></tr> <tr> <td>听</td> <td>*bnyan</td> <td>*nyan</td> <td>mnyand </td></tr> <tr> <td>目</td> <td></td> <td>*d(ǝ)myik</td> <td>dmyig དམྱིག་（中古藏语）; mig </td></tr> <tr> <td>花</td> <td></td> <td>*mentok</td> <td>men-tog མེན་ཏོག（中古藏语）; ་me-tog </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="数词比较"><span id=".E6.95.B0.E8.AF.8D.E6.AF.94.E8.BE.83"></span>数词比较</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：数词比较"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>藏语中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E8%A9%9E" title="數詞">数词</a>（注意以下所有詞語除了1和7外都是漢語同源詞）：<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">词义 </th> <th colspan="7">卫藏 </th> <th rowspan="2">安多 </th> <th rowspan="2">康 </th> <th rowspan="2"><small>古典藏语</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th>拉萨藏语</th> <th>Cheng<br />Zhang</th> <th>Dolpo</th> <th>几热尔语</th> <th>Mugom</th> <th>夏尔巴语</th> <th>Yohlmo </th></tr> <tr> <td>'1'</td> <td>ʨiʔ<sup>53</sup></td> <td>ʨi<sup>53</sup></td> <td>ʂik</td> <td>dokpoi</td> <td>ʧɪk</td> <td>ʦɪk<sup>55</sup></td> <td>ʨīː</td> <td>xʨɨx</td> <td>ʨi<sup>55</sup></td> <td>*xʨik<br /><i>gtšig</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'2'</td> <td>ȵi<sup>55</sup></td> <td>ȵi<sup>55</sup></td> <td>ɲiː</td> <td>ŋi</td> <td>ŋi</td> <td>ŋi<sup>55</sup></td> <td>ɲìː</td> <td>ɦȵi</td> <td>ɲɯ<sup>53</sup></td> <td>*gnis<br /><i>gnis</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'3'</td> <td>sum<sup>55</sup></td> <td>sɔ̃<sup>53</sup></td> <td>sum</td> <td>sum</td> <td>sum</td> <td>sum<sup>55</sup></td> <td>sūm</td> <td>sɘm</td> <td>sũ<sup>53</sup></td> <td>*xsum<br /><i>gsum</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'4'</td> <td>ɕi<sup>13</sup></td> <td>ɣɯ<sup>31</sup></td> <td>ɕi̤ː</td> <td>si</td> <td>ɕi</td> <td>ʣi<sup>55</sup></td> <td>ʑì̤</td> <td>ɦʑɘ</td> <td>ʐə<sup>33</sup></td> <td>*βʑi<br /><i>bži</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'5'</td> <td>ŋa<sup>53</sup></td> <td>ɴɐ<sup>53</sup></td> <td>ŋa</td> <td>ŋa</td> <td>ŋá</td> <td>ŋɑ<sup>55</sup></td> <td>ŋɑ̀</td> <td>ɦŋa</td> <td>ŋɑ<sup>53</sup></td> <td>*ɬŋɑ<br /><i>lŋa</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'6'</td> <td>tʂʰuʔ<sup>13</sup></td> <td>tʂu<sup>31</sup></td> <td>ʈṳk</td> <td>tʰuk</td> <td>duk</td> <td>ɖʊk<sup>11</sup></td> <td>ʈṳ̀ː</td> <td>tʂəx</td> <td>tʂo<sup>33</sup></td> <td>*dɽuk<br /><i>drug</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'7'</td> <td>tỹ<sup>15</sup></td> <td>dɛ̃<sup>24</sup></td> <td>ty̤n</td> <td>duin</td> <td>dun</td> <td>dɪn<sup>55</sup></td> <td>t̪ì̤n</td> <td>ɦdɘn</td> <td>dĩ<sup>33</sup></td> <td>*βdun<br /><i>bdun</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'8'</td> <td>ɕɛʔ<sup>13</sup></td> <td>dʑe<sup>31</sup></td> <td>ce̤ʔ</td> <td>get</td> <td>ket</td> <td>gæ<sup>55</sup></td> <td>cē̤ː</td> <td>ɦdʑʲɛ</td> <td>ʑe<sup>33</sup></td> <td>*βɽgjat<br /><i>brgyad</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'9'</td> <td>ku<sup>13</sup></td> <td>ɡɯ<sup>31</sup></td> <td>kṳ</td> <td>gu</td> <td>gu</td> <td>gu<sup>55</sup></td> <td>kṳ̀</td> <td>ɦgɘ</td> <td>gə<sup>33</sup></td> <td>*dgu<br /><i>dgu</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>'10'</td> <td>ʨu<sup>53</sup></td> <td>ʨɯ<sup>53</sup></td> <td>tɕu</td> <td>ʦutʰambaː</td> <td>ʧú</td> <td>ʦi<sup>55</sup>tʰɑm<sup>11</sup>ba<sup>11</sup></td> <td>ʨʉ̄</td> <td>ʨɘ</td> <td>ʨə<sup>55</sup></td> <td>*ɸʨu<br /><i>btšu</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>中、东部藏语群： </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">词义 </th> <th colspan="2">宗卡-拉卡 </th> <th colspan="5">巴尔蒂-拉达克 </th> <th rowspan="2">Spiti<br />bhoti </th></tr> <tr> <th>宗卡语</th> <th>锡金语</th> <th>巴尔蒂语</th> <th>Changthang</th> <th>拉达克语</th> <th>Purik</th> <th>Zangskari </th></tr> <tr> <td>'1'</td> <td>ʨí</td> <td>ʧi</td> <td>ʧik</td> <td>ʧik</td> <td>ʧik</td> <td>ʧik</td> <td>ʧiʔ</td> <td>ʧík </td></tr> <tr> <td>'2'</td> <td>ɲí</td> <td>ni</td> <td>ɲis</td> <td>ɲis</td> <td>ɲis</td> <td>ɲis</td> <td>ɲiː</td> <td>ɲiː </td></tr> <tr> <td>'3'</td> <td>súm</td> <td>súm</td> <td>xsum</td> <td>sum</td> <td>sum</td> <td>sum</td> <td>sum</td> <td>súm </td></tr> <tr> <td>'4'</td> <td>ʃi̤</td> <td>ʒe</td> <td>βʒi</td> <td>zi</td> <td>zi</td> <td>ʒi</td> <td>ʒi</td> <td>ʒì </td></tr> <tr> <td>'5'</td> <td>ŋə</td> <td>ŋa</td> <td>ɣɑ</td> <td>ŋa</td> <td>ʂŋa</td> <td>ʂŋə</td> <td>ŋa</td> <td>ŋá </td></tr> <tr> <td>'6'</td> <td>dʑo</td> <td>tʰu</td> <td>truk</td> <td>ɖruk</td> <td>ʈuk</td> <td>ʈuk</td> <td>ʈuʔ</td> <td>ʈùk </td></tr> <tr> <td>'7'</td> <td>ty̤n</td> <td>dĩ</td> <td>βdun</td> <td>dun</td> <td>rdun</td> <td>rdun</td> <td>ðun</td> <td>dùn </td></tr> <tr> <td>'8'</td> <td>kæ̤</td> <td>gɛ</td> <td>βgyʌt</td> <td>gʲat</td> <td>rgʲat</td> <td>rgyət</td> <td>ʝət</td> <td>ɟèt </td></tr> <tr> <td>'9'</td> <td>kṳ</td> <td>go</td> <td>rgu</td> <td>gu</td> <td>rgu</td> <td>rgu</td> <td>ɣu</td> <td>gù </td></tr> <tr> <td>'10'</td> <td>ʨu tʰam</td> <td>ʧɔːmba</td> <td>ɸʧu</td> <td>ʧu</td> <td>rʧu</td> <td>rču</td> <td>ʧu</td> <td>ʧú </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue_bod-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_bod_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/bod">Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition.</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20131203084856/http://www.ethnologue.com/language/bod">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Dallas, Texas: SIL International.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-speakers-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-speakers_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tournadre, Nicolas. The Tibetic languages and their classification. Owen-Smith, Thomas; Hill, Nathan W. (编). Trans-Himalayan Linguistics: Historical and Descriptive Linguistics of the Himalayan Area. De Gruyter. 2014: 103–129. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-11-031074-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-11-031074-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-3-11-031074-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=The+Tibetic+languages+and+their+classification&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft.aulast=Tournadre&rft.btitle=Trans-Himalayan+Linguistics%3A+Historical+and+Descriptive+Linguistics+of+the+Himalayan+Area&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-3-11-031074-0&rft.pages=103-129&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nicolas-tournadre.net/wp-content/uploads/multimedia/2014-The_Tibetic_languages.pdf">preprint</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210228070133/http://www.nicolas-tournadre.net/wp-content/uploads/multimedia/2014-The_Tibetic_languages.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/oldm1245">Early Old Tibetan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog 2.7</a>. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=Early+Old+Tibetan&rft.au=Bank%2C+Sebastian&rft.au=Forkel%2C+Robert&rft.au=Haspelmath%2C+Martin&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft.aulast=Hammarstr%C3%B6m&rft.btitle=Glottolog+2.7&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Jena&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Foldm1245&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AutoEO-1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AutoEO-1_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AutoEO-1_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">有关全体西藏民族实现名符其实自治的建议(全文)<cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111107114946/http://xizang-zhiye.org/ctachinese/cn/memorandum">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-12-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xizang-zhiye.org/ctachinese/cn/memorandum">原始内容</a>存档于2011-11-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxizang-zhiye.org%2Fctachinese%2Fcn%2Fmemorandum&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-新华网吉林频道2013-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-新华网吉林频道2013_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-新华网吉林频道2013_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-新华网吉林频道2013_5-2"><sup><b>5.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131225085637/http://www.jl.xinhuanet.com/2012jlpd/2013-09/18/c_117421446.htm">中国移动：打造高原上最优质通信品牌</a>. 新华网吉林频道. 2013年9月18日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2013年12月24日]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jl.xinhuanet.com/2012jlpd/2013-09/18/c_117421446.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2013年12月25日）. <q>同时在员工招聘时，特意招收了懂康巴语、安多语、卫藏语的话务员，（<b>科学家</b>）为农牧区的群众带去了更多的便利。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%EF%BC%9A%E6%89%93%E9%80%A0%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E4%BC%98%E8%B4%A8%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E5%93%81%E7%89%8C&rft.date=2013-09-18&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jl.xinhuanet.com%2F2012jlpd%2F2013-09%2F18%2Fc_117421446.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-杨俊峰1998-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-杨俊峰1998_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-杨俊峰1998_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-杨俊峰1998_6-2"><sup><b>6.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">杨俊峰. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507141404/https://www.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?QueryID=13&CurRec=5&dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD9498&filename=XZYJ199804018&urlid=&yx=&v=MDA0OTFNcTQ5RWJJUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTG1lWmVSckZDdmxXN3pLUFRmU1pMS3hGOW4%3D">藏语广播语言规范化之浅见</a>. 西藏研究》(TIBETAN STUDIES). 1998, <b>04</b> <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?QueryID=13&CurRec=5&dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD9498&filename=XZYJ199804018&urlid=&yx=&v=MDA0OTFNcTQ5RWJJUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTG1lWmVSckZDdmxXN3pLUFRmU1pMS3hGOW4=">原始内容</a>存档于2021-05-07）. <q>如卫藏语以拉萨为标准音，安多以青海、夏河牧区为标准，康巴也找出自己的标准音。在三种标准音中找出一个方言为基础，按语法规则实现藏民族的共同语——普通话。我认为这是有可能的。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E5%8C%96%E4%B9%8B%E6%B5%85%E8%A7%81&rft.au=%E6%9D%A8%E4%BF%8A%E5%B3%B0&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E3%80%8B%28TIBETAN+STUDIES%29&rft.volume=04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnki.net%2FKCMS%2Fdetail%2Fdetail.aspx%3FQueryID%3D13%26CurRec%3D5%26dbcode%3DCJFQ%26dbname%3DCJFD9498%26filename%3DXZYJ199804018%26urlid%3D%26yx%3D%26v%3DMDA0OTFNcTQ5RWJJUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTG1lWmVSckZDdmxXN3pLUFRmU1pMS3hGOW4%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AutoEO-3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AutoEO-3_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">十四世达赖喇嘛在3·10西藏事件五十二周年纪念集会上的讲话<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.dalailamaworld.com/topic.php?t=637#">[1]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20181002203229/http://www.dalailamaworld.com/topic.php?t=637">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AutoEO-6-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AutoEO-6_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Sagart, Laurent; Jacques, Guillaume; Lai, Yunfan; Ryder, Robin J.; Thouzeau, Valentin; Greenhill, Simon J.; List, Johann-Mattis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220130000653/https://www.pnas.org/content/116/21/10317">Dated language phylogenies shed light on the ancestry of Sino-Tibetan</a>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2019-05-21, <b>116</b> (21): 10317–10322 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-10-16</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0027-8424</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1817972116"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1073/pnas.1817972116</span></a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/21/10317">原始内容</a>存档于2022-01-30） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.atitle=Dated+language+phylogenies+shed+light+on+the+ancestry+of+Sino-Tibetan&rft.au=Greenhill%2C+Simon+J.&rft.au=Jacques%2C+Guillaume&rft.au=Lai%2C+Yunfan&rft.au=List%2C+Johann-Mattis&rft.au=Ryder%2C+Robin+J.&rft.au=Thouzeau%2C+Valentin&rft.aufirst=Laurent&rft.aulast=Sagart&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft.issue=21&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.pages=10317-10322&rft.volume=116&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcontent%2F116%2F21%2F10317&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1817972116&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AutoEO-4-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AutoEO-4_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="王力 (语言学家)">王力</a> 《汉语史稿（重排本）》 2004年3月第二版，680页。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070623162537/http://www.isw2.unibe.ch/tibet/Dialects.htm">Bradley (1997)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tournadre2014-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tournadre2014_11-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tournadre2014_11-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tournadre2014_11-2"><sup><b>11.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tournadre, Nicolas. 2014. "The Tibetic languages and their classification." In <i>Trans-Himalayan linguistics, historical and descriptive linguistics of the Himalayan area</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305030131/http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/numeral/Sino-Tibetan.htm">Bodish Numerals (Eugene Chan).</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/numeral/Sino-Tibetan.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2012-03-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.btitle=Bodish+Numerals+%28Eugene+Chan%29.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flingweb.eva.mpg.de%2Fnumeral%2FSino-Tibetan.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参閲"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E9.96.B2"></span>参閲</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：参閲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_dragon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_dragon.svg/32px-China_dragon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" 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0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">维基百科提供如下语言版本：<b><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="bo:"> Tibetan 維基百科</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>有此种语言版本：<b><a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Tibetan" class="extiw" title="oldwikisource:Category:Tibetan"> 藏語文献库</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">關於一系列與藏語有關的詞語，參見<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="維基詞典">維基詞典</a>上<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:藏语"><b>藏语</b>的詞語目錄</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tibetan_writing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tibetan writing"><span style="font-weight:bold;">藏文</span></a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150418171821/http://www.bodyig.org/cidian/">藏英汉词典</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lamacn.cn/">藏语词典</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201122162528/http://www.lamacn.cn/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050116225044/http://xiang.free.fr/tibetain.htm">藏文的複輔音</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110522111638/http://www.daicing.com/manyu/index.php?page=tibetan-dao-daicing-keyboard">太清藏文转写　太清藏文输入法</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070601060648/http://www.xzzyw.cn/model/jsp/newsview.jsp?newstype=zyrm&dir=zyrm&lx=1">西藏藏語言文字網：旅遊藏語</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/BDLM/lesson/tibet/lesson_tibet1.htm">阿底峽佛學會——藏文在線教學</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210507141435/http://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/BDLM/lesson/tibet/lesson_tibet1.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410173608/http://hwayue.org.tw/Tibetan/main.htm">輕鬆學藏文</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150529164519/http://info.tibet.cn/zt2006/xzt_xzangyu/index.htm">學習藏語（内容為《藏文拼音教材》）</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/BDLM/lesson/tibet/lesson_tibet1.jsp">梵藏巴利文學習</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210323092320/http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/BDLM/lesson/tibet/lesson_tibet1.jsp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080420124854/http://www.china-drikung.org.tw/L5F.htm">藏文拼音教學</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080408070222/http://www.china-drikung.org.tw/L5F6.htm">藏文學習</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080420133543/http://info.tibet.cn/zt2006/xzt_xzangyu/">学习藏语</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090413050400/http://www.xzzyw.cn/jsp/xz/list.jsp?type=036">西藏语言文字网</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（中文）</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="標準藏語">（藏文）</span></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="藏語" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tibetan_language" title="Template:Tibetan language"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Tibetan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Tibetan language（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Tibetan_language" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Tibetan language"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="藏語" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">藏語</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="標準藏語">標準藏語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="中古藏語">中古藏語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%8F%A4%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="近古藏語">近古藏語</a>(古典藏語)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" title="藏語語法">藏語語法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="藏語音系">藏語音系</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="藏语方言">方言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="衛藏方言">衛藏方言</a>(中部藏語)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="康方言">康方言</a>(康巴語)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="安多方言">安多方言</a>(安多藏語)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文</a>書寫法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文基本書寫法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E9%A0%AD%E9%AB%94" title="無頭體">無頭體</a>（朱匝<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> 白徂）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%A0%AD%E9%AB%94" title="有頭體">有頭體</a>（Chuyik<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> Khyungyik）</li> <li>Bamyik</li> <li>區域性（Joyig<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> Monyig<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> Lhoyig）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="藏文转写系统">轉寫</a>法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>藏文转拉丁字母（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%88%A9%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="威利转写">威利转写</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/USLC%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB" title="USLC藏文轉寫">USLC藏文轉寫</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="藏文转写系统">EWTS</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB%E9%AB%94%E7%B3%BB" title="梵文藏文轉寫體系">天城体转藏文</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="藏文拼音系统">拼音</a>法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%91%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E6%B3%95" title="藏语汉语拼音字母音译转写法">藏语汉语拼音字母音译转写法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%95%99%E6%9D%90%EF%BC%88%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E9%9F%B3%EF%BC%89%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="藏文拼音教材（拉萨音）拼音方案">藏文拼音教材（拉萨音）拼音方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THL%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB" title="THL藏文轉寫">THL藏文轉寫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%B1%E8%81%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="閱聽人">閱聽輔助語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="藏語盲文">藏語盲文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="藏语手语">藏语手语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它相關</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="藏文转写系统">藏文转写系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="藏文拼音系统">藏文拼音系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%96%80%E8%AA%9E" title="宗喀語">宗喀語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%96%80%E8%AA%9E%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="宗喀語盲文">宗喀語盲文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%93%E6%B4%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="仓洛语">仓洛语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="门巴语">门巴语</a></li> <li><a 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="汉语族">汉白语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">漢語支</a><br /><span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="汉语方言">汉语方言</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E" title="通用語">通用語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E9%9F%B3" title="老国音">老国音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="現代標準漢語">現代標準漢語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="新國音">新國音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="中華民國國語">國語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%9D" title="普通话">普通话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="臺灣國語">臺灣國語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%A6%AC%E8%8F%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="新馬華語">新馬華語</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话">官话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="北京官话">北京官话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="东北官话">东北官话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="中原官话">中原官话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%80%E9%B2%81%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="冀鲁官话">冀鲁官话</a></li> <li><a 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title="粤语">粤语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="闽语">闽语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E6%9D%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="閩東語">閩東語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%86%E4%BB%99%E8%AA%9E" title="莆仙語">莆仙語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="闽南语">闽南语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%9D" title="海南话">海南话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="雷州话">雷州话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8C%97%E8%AF%AD" title="闽北语">闽北语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E4%B8%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="闽中语">闽中语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B5%E5%B0%86%E8%AF%AD" title="邵将语">邵将语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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title="松潘话">松潘话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E9%A6%AC%E8%A9%B1" title="富馬話">富馬話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B9%9F%E8%AF%9D" title="河湟话">河湟话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="河州话">河州话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E6%B2%9F%E8%AF%9D" title="甘沟话">甘沟话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%81%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西宁话（页面不存在）">西宁话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%B1%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="周屯话">周屯话</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%99%E8%AF%9D" title="站话">站话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="军家话">军家话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%9D" title="嘉米话">嘉米话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%87%E5%8F%AD%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%9D" title="喇叭苗话">喇叭苗话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B1%9F%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E8%A9%B1" title="東江本地話">東江本地話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9F%E5%B1%B1%E5%8E%BF" title="钟山县">鐘山話</a></li> <li><a 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title="崀峨语">崀峨语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="塔古语">塔古语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%B0%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水田語（页面不存在）">水田語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BC%E4%BD%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="泼佩语">泼佩语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E8%8B%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="纳若语">纳若語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E5%84%92%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳儒語（页面不存在）">纳儒語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="支里語（页面不存在）">支里語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="跨恩斯话">跨恩斯话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E7%8E%9B%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="跨玛斯话">跨玛斯话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%B9%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="莱兹斯话">莱兹斯话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E9%80%8B%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="子逋斯话">子逋斯话</a></li> <li><a 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="哈尼语支">哈尼语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>哈尼-阿卡方言 <ul><li>哈尼语群 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="哈尼语">哈尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%AF%E7%BE%8E%E8%AF%AD" title="糯美语">糯美语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%AF%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%AD" title="糯比语">糯比语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%8A%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%AD" title="腊米语">腊米语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BC%85%E8%AF%AD" title="罗缅语">罗缅语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%82%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="昂罗语">昂罗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E5%90%88%E8%AF%AD" title="郭合语">郭合语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E4%BD%9C%E8%AF%AD" title="果作语">果作语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%B4%BB%E8%AF%AD" title="格活语">格活语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%95%E8%BD%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="奕车语">奕车语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9F%E5%BC%9F%E8%AF%AD" title="期弟语">期弟语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%88%AB%E8%AF%AD" title="卡别语">卡别语</a></li></ul></li> <li>雅尼语群 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="阿卡语">阿卡语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="切皮亚语">切皮亚语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%90%9E%E8%AF%AD" title="木吞语">木吞语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="木达语">木达语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%9B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="猛語（页面不存在）">猛語</a></li></ul></li> <li>豪白语群 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="豪尼语">豪尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%9D%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="窝尼语">窝尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%AE%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="白宏语">白宏语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%AD%94%E8%AF%AD" title="布孔语">布孔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="布都语">布都语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AD%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%AD" title="梭比语">梭比语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="多尼语">多尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%A1%94%E8%AF%AD" title="多塔语">多塔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A2%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="阿梭语">阿梭语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="阿木语">阿母语</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>碧卡方言 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%A7%E7%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="碧约语">碧约语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="西摩洛语">峨努语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="卡多语">卡多语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="西拉语群">西拉语群</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%93%E6%A2%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="搓梭语">搓梭语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E9%82%A3%E8%AF%AD" title="帕那语">帕那语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="阿克语">阿克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%BE%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="勾克语">勾克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="西拉语">西拉语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="基尔语">基尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%9C%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="帕札语">帕札语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%A5%87%E8%AF%AD" title="木奇语">木奇语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B2%81%E7%8E%9B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鲁玛语（页面不存在）">鲁玛语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="普拉语">帕拉语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西达语（页面不存在）">西达语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="毕苏语群">毕苏语群</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84" class="mw-redirect" title="毕苏语组">毕苏语组</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="毕苏语">毕苏语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%AE%E5%B8%95%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="淮帕语（页面不存在）">淮帕语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E8%80%83%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达考语（页面不存在）">达考语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="毕苏语">老缅语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%93%81%E8%AF%AD" title="老品语">老品语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%87%E8%AF%AD_(%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4)" title="片语 (毕苏语群)">片语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%BD%98%E8%AF%AD" title="老潘语">老潘语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="毕苏语群">兴萨里语组</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%86%85%E8%AF%AD" title="普内语">普内语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B4%E8%90%A8%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="兴萨里语">兴萨里语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="尖坦语">尖坦语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E7%9B%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="老盛语">老盛语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E5%BA%93%E8%AF%AD" title="蓬库语">蓬库语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E5%A1%9E%E8%AF%AD" title="蓬塞语">蓬塞语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E5%B0%A7%E8%AF%AD" title="彭尧语">彭尧语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="毕苏语群">贡语组</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97)" title="贡语 (越南)">贡语</a> <ul><li>金贡语</li> <li>银贡语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E5%AD%94%E8%AF%AD" title="桑孔语">桑孔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%AD%94%E8%AF%AD" title="楚孔语">楚孔语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E9%9C%8D%E8%AF%AD" title="焦霍语">焦霍语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%A1%98%E8%AF%AD" title="班塘语">班塘语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E6%92%92%E8%AF%AD" title="孔撒语">孔撒语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%A4%87%E8%AF%AD" title="哈备语">哈备语</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid grey; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%86%E6%AF%95%E8%AF%AD" title="姆毕语">姆毕语</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%AB%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="基諾語">基諾語</a> <ul><li>攸乐基諾語</li> <li>补远基諾語</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他彝语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E8%BE%BE%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三达語（页面不存在）">三达語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E5%A4%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达头语（页面不存在）">达头语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%AC%A1%E5%98%8E%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿次嘎语（页面不存在）">阿次嘎语</a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8E%E4%BE%9D%E9%A2%87%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扎依颇语（页面不存在）">扎依颇语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%AD%90%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="曼子语支">曼子语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%8E%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%9D" title="嘎苏话">嘎苏话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%8F%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="透语（页面不存在）">透语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%AD%90%E8%AF%AD" title="曼子语">曼子语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E8%80%86%E8%AF%AD" title="模耆语">模耆语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E6%9C%9F%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫期语（页面不存在）">莫期语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AB%E6%98%82%E8%AF%AD" title="末昂语">末昂语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%B0%E6%B6%A1%E8%AF%AD_(%E9%BA%BB%E5%B3%A8)" title="估涡语 (麻峨)">估涡语 (麻峨)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%B0%E6%B6%A1%E8%AF%AD_(%E9%BA%BB%E9%98%BF)" title="估涡语 (麻阿)">估涡语 (麻阿)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%99%97%E8%AF%AD" title="孟噗语">孟噗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%A0%87%E5%BD%9D%E8%AF%AD" title="普标彝语">普标彝语</a>（麻榭）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%8F%B5%E4%BF%96%E8%AF%AD" title="䏵俖语">䏵俖语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%9B%E9%83%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="矛部语">矛部语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="老本语">老本语</a>（莫当）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="緬語支">緬語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="载瓦语">载瓦语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%98%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="阿昌语">阿昌语</a> <ul><li>陇川话</li> <li>梁河话</li> <li>潞西话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E9%80%9F%E8%AF%AD" title="浪速语">浪速语</a> <ul><li>干诺话</li> <li>塔咯话</li> <li>拉钦话</li> <li>浪苏话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%AA%E5%AE%8B%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="浪宋话（页面不存在）">浪宋话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E6%9C%9F%E8%AF%AD" title="勒期语">勒期语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E5%B1%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="茶山语">茶山语</a>（峨昌）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="波拉语">波拉语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="仙岛语">仙岛语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他语群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="萨尔语群" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="萨尔语群">萨尔语群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E9%A2%87%E8%AF%AD" title="景颇语">景颇语</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="侬语支">侬语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E9%BE%99%E8%AF%AD" title="独龙语">独龙语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BE%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="阿侬语">阿侬语</a></li> 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E8%92%99%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希蒙语（页面不存在）">希蒙语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡可语（页面不存在）">卡可语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%AF%E9%BB%98%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柯默卡语（页面不存在）">柯默卡语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A6%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邦多语（页面不存在）">邦多语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿兴语（页面不存在）">阿兴语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%91%A9%E5%BC%BA%E6%B3%A2%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波摩强波语（页面不存在）">波摩强波语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴达姆语（页面不存在）">巴达姆语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E6%98%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴昔语（页面不存在）">巴昔语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%8D%A3%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民荣语（页面不存在）">民荣语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达木语（页面不存在）">达木语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%98%E5%85%B6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潘其语（页面不存在）">潘其语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E9%A2%9D%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达额木语（页面不存在）">达额木语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%8F%A4%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米古巴语（页面不存在）">米古巴语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%B0%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米新巴语（页面不存在）">米新巴语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼兴语（页面不存在）">尼兴语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B4%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="崩尼语（页面不存在）">崩尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E8%AF%BA%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅诺语（页面不存在）">雅诺语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米里语（页面不存在）">米里语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E6%98%9F%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米星语（页面不存在）">米星语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E6%A0%B9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔根语（页面不存在）">塔根语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳语（页面不存在）">纳语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%86%E7%86%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="姆熱语（页面不存在）">姆熱语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E4%BE%9D%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴依语（页面不存在）">巴依语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿巴达尼语（页面不存在）">阿巴达尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%A6%E9%BE%99%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迦龙语（页面不存在）">迦龙语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%98%8E%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嘎罗语（页面不存在）">嘎罗语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%BD%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="都巴语（页面不存在）">都巴语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%E6%8F%90%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡姆提语（页面不存在）">卡姆提语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="鲁苏语支">鲁苏语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%A9%E5%A6%82%E8%AF%AD" title="崩如语">崩如语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="鲁苏语">鲁苏语</a>（昂卡）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%BF%88%E8%AF%AD" title="达迈语">达迈语</a>（米济）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E9%83%BD%E2%80%94%E8%BE%BE%E8%AE%A9%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="义都—达让语支">义都—达让语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="义都语">义都语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%AE%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="达让语">达让语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="桑朗语群">桑朗语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E8%AA%9E" title="克羅語">克罗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%B5%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="米浪语">米浪语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E6%9C%B1%E5%A5%94%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="舍朱奔语支">舍朱奔语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%BE%8D%E8%AA%9E" title="蘇龍語">蘇龍語</a>（布瑞）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="布贡语">布贡语</a>（科瓦）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E6%9C%B1%E5%A5%94%E8%AF%AD" title="舍朱奔语">舍朱奔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD" title="利西语">利西语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%A0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="楚格语">楚格语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E5%BD%93%E8%AF%AD" title="萨尔当语">萨尔当语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="格曼语支">格曼语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="格曼语">格曼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E8%AF%9D" title="扎话">扎话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">未归类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E6%9E%97%E8%AF%AD" title="松林语">松林语</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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class="mw-redirect" title="苗语支">苗语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">巴哼语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="巴哼语">巴哼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%94%E5%A5%88%E8%AF%AD" title="唔奈语">唔奈语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">东部语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%A5%BF%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="湘西苗语">湘西苗语</a> <ul><li>东</li> <li>西</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">畲语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>畲-炯奈语 <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B2%E8%AF%AD" title="畲语">畲语</a></span>（活聂语）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%AF%E5%A5%88%E8%AF%AD" title="炯奈语">炯奈语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%98%E8%AF%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="优诺语">优诺语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%82%A3%E8%AF%AD" title="巴那语">巴那语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中部语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E9%BB%94%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语黔东方言">黔东苗语</a> <ul><li>东</li> <li>北</li> <li>西 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%95%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="绕家语">绕家语</a></li></ul></li> <li>南</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西部语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="布努语">布努语</a> <ul><li>布努语</li> <li>包瑙语</li> <li>努茂语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E5%B7%9D%E9%BB%94%E6%BB%87%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语川黔滇方言">川黔滇苗语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E9%BB%94%E6%BB%87%E8%8B%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="川黔滇苗語">川黔滇</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E9%BB%94%E6%BB%87%E8%8B%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="川黔滇苗語">第一土语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%B1%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%9D" title="小花苗话">第二土语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%A7%80%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="西秀苗语">第三土语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%BB%87%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语滇东北次方言">滇东北</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E9%98%B3%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="贵阳苗语">贵阳</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD" title="麻标语">麻标语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E6%B0%B4%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="惠水苗语">惠水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E9%BA%BB%E5%B1%B1%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语麻山次方言">麻山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E6%B3%8A%E6%B2%B3%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语罗泊河次方言">罗泊河</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%F0%B1%8E%BC%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="𱎼家话">重安江</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C4%9B-chinese.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/G%C4%9B-chinese.svg/14px-G%C4%9B-chinese.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/G%C4%9B-chinese.svg/21px-G%C4%9B-chinese.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/G%C4%9B-chinese.svg/28px-G%C4%9B-chinese.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span>家话</li> <li>东家话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A1%98%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="平塘苗语">平塘</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="瑶语支">瑶语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E6%95%8F%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="藻敏话">藻敏话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E6%95%8F%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="标敏话">标敏话</a> <ul><li>东山标敏话</li> <li>灌阳标敏话</li> <li>石口标敏话</li> <li>牛尾寨标敏话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%9D" title="标曼话">标曼话</a> <ul><li>长坪标曼话</li> <li>罗香标曼话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%97%A8%E8%AF%9D" title="金门话">金门话</a> <ul><li>滇桂金门话</li> <li>防海金门话 <ul><li>海南门语</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%89%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="勉方言">勉方言</a> <ul><li>广滇勉语</li> <li>湘南勉语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E6%98%A5%E6%8E%92%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="阳春排瑶语">阳春排瑶语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">混合語</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="伶话">伶话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="猫家话">猫家话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%98%E5%BF%B5%E8%AF%9D" title="优念话">优念话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%94%B9%E8%AF%9D" title="三锹话">三锹话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白石苗语（页面不存在）">白石苗语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="南亚语系">南亚语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A4%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%82%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="佤德昂语支">佤德昂语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>德昂语支 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%82%E8%AF%AD" title="德昂语">德昂语</a>（巴朗语） <ul><li>普乐语</li> <li>若買语</li> <li>达让语</li> <li>纳盎语</li> <li>布雷語</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%98%82%E8%AF%AD" title="日昂语">日昂语</a> <ul><li>郎日昂语</li> <li>籁日昂语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%84%91%E8%AF%AD" title="达脑语">达脑语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B7%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="户语支">户语支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦语">瓦语</a> <ul><li>北瓦语</li> <li>南瓦语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="乌语">乌语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="户语">户语</a>（昆格）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%82%E5%BA%93%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="昂库语（页面不存在）">昂库语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%94%91%E8%AF%AD" title="克蔑语">克蔑语</a>（曼咪）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="莫克语">莫克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="木阿克语">木阿克语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达贡语（页面不存在）">达贡语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A4%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="佤语支">佤语支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A4%E8%AA%9E" title="佤語">佤語</a> <ul><li>巴饒克</li> <li>阿佤</li> <li>佤</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉维瓦语（页面不存在）">拉维瓦语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉威语">拉威语</a> <ul><li>东拉威语</li> <li>西拉威语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD" title="布朗语">布朗语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BD%A4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿尔佤语（页面不存在）">阿尔佤语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%AD%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彭语（页面不存在）">彭语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%AF%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肯德涅语（页面不存在）">肯德涅语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E9%99%B6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桑陶语（页面不存在）">桑陶语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡瓦语（页面不存在）">卡瓦语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%94%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孔图语（页面不存在）">孔图语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%81%E5%BD%AD%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旁彭语（页面不存在）">旁彭语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E9%9B%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="蒙雷语">蒙雷语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="都语（页面不存在）">都语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%80%80%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="萨怀克语">萨怀克语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%97%AF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嗯语（页面不存在）">嗯语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E5%A7%86%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨姆语（页面不存在）">萨姆语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%82%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="颂语（页面不存在）">颂语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%8A%E4%BD%A4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="腊佤语（页面不存在）">腊佤语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克拉语（页面不存在）">克拉语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A5%E8%BF%87%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="补过语（页面不存在）">补过语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%81%E5%88%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="叁刀语（页面不存在）">叁刀语</a></li></ul></li> <li>拉墨语支 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A2%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="拉墨语">拉墨语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B2%81%E9%98%BF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鲁阿语（页面不存在）">鲁阿语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="焦尔语">焦尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="控语（页面不存在）">控语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B4%E2%80%94%E6%8A%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="布兴—抗语支">布兴语支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="布兴语">布兴语</a>（佧米）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%8A%92%E8%AF%AD" title="布芒语">布芒语</a>（曼丈）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E6%9E%97%E8%AF%AD" title="广林语">广林语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E8%AF%AD" title="抗语">抗语</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="克木语支">克木语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="克木语">克木语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%B8%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克温语（页面不存在）">克温语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BD%E8%AF%9D" title="宽话">宽话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%BD%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="莽语支">莽语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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title="满文">满语书面语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="锡伯语">锡伯语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F" title="海西女真">扈倫語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E8%AA%9E" title="巴拉語">巴拉语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%A5%9A%E5%96%80%E8%AF%AD" title="阿勒楚喀语">阿勒楚喀语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%B0%E5%96%80%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="恰喀拉语">恰喀拉语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B5%B7%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="东海女真">庫爾喀語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B5%B7%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="东海女真">瓦爾喀语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F%E8%AA%9E" title="女真語">女真語</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">古通古斯语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%83%E6%85%8E" title="肃慎">肃慎语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%B9%E5%A8%84" title="挹娄">挹娄语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%BA%E9%9E%A8" title="靺鞨">靺鞨语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%BA%E9%9E%A8" title="靺鞨">勿吉语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="渤海語">渤海語</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E9%A4%98%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="扶餘語系">扶余語系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%A5%E9%BA%97%E8%AA%9E" title="高句麗語">高句麗語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%8A%E8%B2%8A%E8%AA%9E" title="濊貊語">濊貊语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E4%BD%99%E8%AF%AD" title="扶余语">扶余语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E6%B2%AE" title="沃沮">沃沮语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%BF%8A" title="東濊">東濊语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%90%89%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="日琉語系">日琉语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E6%BA%AA%E8%AA%9E" title="寒溪語">寒溪語</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="台灣日語">台灣日語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%AA%9E" title="琉球語">琉球語</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="朝鲜语系">朝鲜语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="朝鮮語">朝鮮語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="中國朝鮮語">中國朝鮮語</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%9D%9E%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="亚非语系">亚非语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语">希伯来语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="敘利亞語">叙利亚语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉姆語">阿拉姆語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉伯语">阿拉伯语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6-%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="印度-伊朗语族">印度-伊朗语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="色勒库尔语">色勒库尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦罕语">瓦罕语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西徐亞語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scythian languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%90%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西徐亞語（页面不存在）">西徐亞語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Scythian languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scythian languages</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">塞語</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">于阗语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">扜弥语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">图木舒克语</a>（据史德语）</span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">坎杰克语</a>（康居语）</span></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%9F%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="粟特语">粟特语</a></span> <ul><li>老粟特语</li> <li>新粟特语 <ul><li>景教粟特语</li> <li>摩尼教粟特语</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="中古波斯语">钵罗婆语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="安息语">安息语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%8F%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="大夏语">大夏语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B-%E8%B4%B5%E9%9C%9C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊塞克-贵霜语（页面不存在）">伊塞克-贵霜语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E9%99%80%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="阿维斯陀语">阿维斯陀语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%89%8C%E5%AD%90%E6%A8%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="花剌子模语">花剌子模语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太-波斯語">猶太-波斯語</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太-波斯語">蓝帽回回语</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="新波斯语">新波斯语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="波斯语">波斯语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="達利語">達利語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="伊朗波斯語">伊朗波斯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="塔吉克语">塔吉克语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%9B%9E%E8%AF%AD" title="回回语">回回语</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="普什图语">普什图语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E8%B7%AF%E6%94%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="俾路支语">俾路支语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="尼泊尔语">尼泊尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达曼语（页面不存在）">达曼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%93%A6%E8%AA%9E" title="科瓦語">科瓦語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="克什米爾語">克什米爾語</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AF%AD" title="梵语">梵语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" title="佛教混合梵文">佛教混合梵语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%A5%E9%A9%AE%E9%80%BB%E8%AF%AD" title="健驮逻语">健驮逻语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="巴利语">巴利语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="斯拉夫语族">斯拉夫语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄罗斯语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%AF%A7%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊寧俄语（页面不存在）">伊寧俄语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%A1%E6%B4%B2%E9%87%8C%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="满洲里俄语（页面不存在）">满洲里俄语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄語在中國" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title="Русский язык в Китае"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄語在中國（页面不存在）">外语俄語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Русский язык в Китае"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">Русский язык в Китае</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="乌克兰语">乌克兰语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E7%81%AB%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="吐火罗语">吐火罗语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E7%81%AB%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="吐火罗语">吐火罗语</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9F%E5%85%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="龟兹语">龟兹语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%89%E8%80%86%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="焉耆语（页面不存在）">焉耆语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%8B%E7%A6%84%E8%BF%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跋禄迦语（页面不存在）">跋禄迦语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="楼兰语（页面不存在）">楼兰语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%8F%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="月氏语（页面不存在）">月氏语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%A6%E5%B8%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="车师语（页面不存在）">车师语</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="日耳曼語族">日耳曼語族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD#香港" title="英语">英语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BC%8F%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中式英语">中式英语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%BC%8F%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="港式英語">港式英語</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">荷兰语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁语族">拉丁語族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙语">葡萄牙语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%BC%8F%E8%91%A1%E6%96%87" title="澳式葡文">澳式葡文</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">混合语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%9C%9F%E7%94%9F%E8%91%A1%E8%AA%9E" title="澳門土生葡語">澳門土生葡語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8%E8%91%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳门葡语（页面不存在）">澳门葡语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="广州英语（页面不存在）">广州英语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%8B%E6%B3%BE%E6%B5%9C%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="洋泾浜英语">上海洋泾浜英语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%84%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E8%AA%9E" title="中俄混合語">恰克图语</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8%E6%B4%8B%E6%B3%BE%E6%B5%9C%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈尔滨洋泾浜俄语（页面不存在）">哈尔滨洋泾浜俄语</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B6%E5%B7%9E%E6%B9%BE%E6%B4%8B%E6%B3%BE%E6%B5%9C%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="胶州湾洋泾浜德语">胶州湾洋泾浜德语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">語系不明</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%B7%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="东夷语">东夷语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="匈奴语">匈奴语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%AF#語言" title="羯">羯語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E4%BA%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="匈人语">匈人语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%9B%B6" title="丁零">丁零语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92" title="敕勒">敕勒语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="辅助语言">辅助语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="手語">手語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="手語">手語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="中國手語">中國手語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国北方手语（页面不存在）">北方手语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国南方手语（页面不存在）">南方手语</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="香港手語">香港手語</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="台灣手語">台灣手語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="藏语手语">藏语手语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E5%AF%AB%E6%B3%95" title="手語拼寫法">手语字母</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汉语手指字母（页面不存在）">汉语手指字母</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维吾尔语手指语（页面不存在）">维吾尔语手指语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朝鲜语手指语（页面不存在）">朝鲜语手指语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藏文手指字母（页面不存在）">藏文手指字母</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%AF%AD#外语教学与能力" title="外语">外語教學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E6%8B%9B%E7%94%9F%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95#外语" title="普通高等学校招生全国统一考试">作爲中国大陸高考科目的外語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2#中国大陆的英語教育" title="語言教育">英語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄語在中國" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title="Русский язык в Китае"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄語在中國（页面不存在）">俄語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Русский язык в Китае"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">Русский язык в Китае</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E5%A4%96%E8%AF%AD%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6" title="汉语作为外语教学">對外華語文教育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap">註：<span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E8%B7%A1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="絕跡語言">絕跡語言</a></span>（<span style="display:inline; border:1px solid grey; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;">中国境内绝迹语言</span>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;">极危语言</span>（<span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;">中国境内极危语言</span>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid blue; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;">可能存在于中国境内的语言</span></span><br /><span class="nowrap">參見：<a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="Template:中华民族">中國境內的民族和族群一覽（按語言系屬分類）</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7" title="中國漢語方言保護">中國漢語方言保護</a></span><br />关于港澳地区的语言，参见：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87" title="香港語文">香港語文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80#語言文字" title="澳門">澳门语言</a><br />关于台澎金马的语言，参见：<a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Template:臺灣語言">台湾语言</a><br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="西藏主题" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template:西藏主题"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template talk:西藏主题"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:西藏主题"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="西藏主题" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏">西藏</a>主题</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E5%B8%82" title="拉萨市">拉萨市</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%9C%81%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中华人民共和国省会列表">自治区首府</a>）、印度<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%B0%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89" title="达兰萨拉">达兰萨拉</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏流亡政府">西藏流亡政府所在地</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏历史">历史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">概述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="西藏歷史年表">年表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧洲人在西藏的探险史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of European exploration in Tibet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA%E5%9C%A8%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%A2%E9%99%A9%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲人在西藏的探险史（页面不存在）">欧洲人在西藏的探险史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_European_exploration_in_Tibet" class="extiw" title="en:History of European exploration in Tibet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of European exploration in Tibet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%AD%B7%E7%85%A7%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏護照史">護照史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏货币史">货币史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%BC%E9%93%B6%E9%92%B1%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="中尼银钱贸易">藏尼银钱贸易</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏攝影史">攝影史</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%88%86%E6%9C%9F" title="历史分期">分期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2#上古时期" title="西藏历史">史前<small>(新石器时期)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E9%9B%84" title="象雄">象雄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="吐蕃帝國歷史年表">年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D%E8%88%87%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="唐朝與吐蕃關係史">与唐朝关系</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="吐蕃分裂时期">分裂时期</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E8%87%A3%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%8D%E5%8F%9B" title="吐蕃臣民大反叛">臣民大反叛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%A0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="古格王国">古格王朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D%E8%88%87%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="宋朝與吐蕃關係史">与宋朝关系</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="蒙古征服吐蕃">蒙古入侵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D%E6%B2%BB%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="元朝治藏歷史">元朝统治</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2" title="宣政院">宣政院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%BF%A6%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="薩迦派">薩迦派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%9C%A8%E7%AB%B9%E5%B7%B4" title="帕木竹巴">帕木竹巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E8%9A%8C%E5%B7%B4" title="仁蚌巴">仁蚌巴</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E7%91%AA%E5%B7%B4" title="夏瑪巴">夏瑪巴</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E7%8E%9B%E5%B7%B4" title="噶玛巴">噶玛巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%B7%B4%E6%B1%97" title="藏巴汗">藏巴汗王朝</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E8%88%87%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="明朝與吐蕃關係史">与明朝关系</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E7%A1%95%E7%89%B9%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="和硕特汗国">和硕特汗国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E4%B8%B9%E9%A2%87%E7%AB%A0" title="甘丹颇章">甘丹颇章</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E6%B4%BE" title="格鲁派">格鲁派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%B2%BB%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="清朝治藏歷史">清朝统治</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" title="清朝征服西藏">清朝征服西藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%90%E8%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="駐藏大臣">駐藏大臣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%80%E5%88%86%E6%B2%BB" title="藏區分治">藏區分治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%BB%8D_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)" title="藏軍 (清朝)">清朝藏軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E8%BB%8D%E5%85%A5%E8%97%8F" title="川軍入藏">川軍入藏</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F_(1912%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941951%E5%B9%B4)" title="西藏 (1912年—1951年)">1912-1951年</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%87%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="中華民國與西藏關係史">與民國關係</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="第一次驅漢事件">第一次驅漢事件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%86%9B" title="藏军">藏军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%8B%89%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="西姆拉條約">西姆拉條約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E8%97%8F%E7%BA%A0%E7%BA%B7" title="康藏纠纷">康藏边界纠纷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="第二次驅漢事件">第二次驅漢事件</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%B2%BB%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="中華人民共和國治藏歷史">中華人民共和國统治</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E9%83%BD%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="昌都战役">昌都战役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%92%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="中央人民政府和西藏地方政府关于和平解放西藏办法的协议">十七条协议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE" title="西藏和平解放">解放军进驻西藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%87%E8%A8%80%E4%B9%A6" title="七万言书">七萬言書</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西藏自1950年以来的抗议和骚乱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA1950%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E6%9D%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%97%E8%AE%AE%E5%92%8C%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西藏自1950年以来的抗议和骚乱（页面不存在）">抗议和骚乱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_and_uprisings_in_Tibet_since_1950" class="extiw" title="en:Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1959%E5%B9%B4%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="1959年藏区骚乱">1959年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989%E5%B9%B4%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="1989年拉萨骚乱">1989年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E5%B9%B4%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="2008年西藏骚乱">2008年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="2012年藏区骚乱">2012年</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="西藏地理">地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="Category:西藏植物">植物</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西藏湖泊列表（页面不存在）">湖泊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="Category:西藏山脉">山脉</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="喜马拉雅山">喜马拉雅山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%AD%90%E5%B3%B0" title="洛子峰">洛子峰</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E5%AD%90%E5%B3%B0" title="章子峰">章子峰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%BF%A6%E5%B7%B4%E7%93%A6%E5%B3%B0" title="南迦巴瓦峰">南迦巴瓦峰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="唐古拉山脉">唐古拉</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="Category:西藏河流">河流</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E9%B2%81%E8%97%8F%E5%B8%83%E6%B1%9F" title="雅鲁藏布江">雅鲁藏布江</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E9%B2%81%E8%97%8F%E5%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%A1%E8%B0%B7" title="雅鲁藏布大峡谷">大峡谷</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%92%E5%B8%83%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="绒布冰川">绒布冰川</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="青藏高原">青藏高原</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="藏北高原">羌塘</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E5%A1%98%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BA%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA" title="羌塘国家级自然保护区">自然保护区</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%B3%A1%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:西藏峡谷（页面不存在）">峡谷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">传统地区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="安多地区">安多地区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%8D%80" title="康區">康區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F" title="衛藏">乌思藏</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="西藏政治">政治</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="西藏自治区">西藏自治区</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="西藏自治区人民政府">政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国共产党西藏自治区委员会">党委</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="西藏自治区人民代表大会">人大</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%B8%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="西藏自治区人民代表大会常务委员会">人大常委会</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%8F%E5%95%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国人民政治协商会议西藏自治区委员会">政协</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西藏自治区外事办公室（页面不存在）">外事办</a></li></ul></li> <li>领导人 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="西藏君主列表">西藏君主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="吐蕃君主列表">吐蕃君主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="西藏自治区人民政府主席">自治区主席</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国共产党西藏自治区委员会">自治区党委书记</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE" title="藏人行政中央">藏人行政中央</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏流亡议会">议会</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0" title="西藏的名称">名称</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西藏对外事务" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Foreign relations of Tibet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西藏对外事务（页面不存在）">对外关系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tibet" class="extiw" title="en:Foreign relations of Tibet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Foreign relations of Tibet</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="檀越关系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Patron and priest relationship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%80%E8%B6%8A%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="檀越关系（页面不存在）">檀越关系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patron_and_priest_relationship" class="extiw" title="en:Patron and priest relationship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Patron and priest relationship</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藏印关系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="India–Tibet relations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藏印关系（页面不存在）">藏印关系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" class="extiw" title="en:India–Tibet relations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">India–Tibet relations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%83%85%E5%B1%80%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="中情局西藏项目">中情局西藏项目</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83" title="西藏人权">人权</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8FLGBT%E6%9D%83%E7%9B%8A" title="西藏LGBT权益">LGBT权益</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="西藏独立运动">藏独</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%86%9C%E5%A5%B4%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="西藏农奴制度">农奴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="西藏问题">西藏问题</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏經濟">经济</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%83%B5%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏郵政史">邮票和邮政史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏货币史">货币史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%B8%81" title="藏币">藏币</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="西藏交通">西藏交通</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="青藏铁路">青藏铁路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E8%97%8F%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="川藏铁路">川藏铁路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%97%A5%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="拉日铁路">拉日铁路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%9E%97%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="拉林铁路">拉林铁路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="青藏公路">青藏公路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E8%97%8F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="川藏公路">川藏公路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E8%B4%A1%E5%98%8E%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="拉萨贡嘎机场">拉萨贡嘎机场</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8" title="西藏旅游">旅游业</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="社會">社會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA#教育" title="西藏自治区">教育</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">语言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA#宗教" title="西藏自治区">宗教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="藏傳佛教">藏傳佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="达赖喇嘛">达赖喇嘛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E7%A6%85%E9%A2%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC" title="班禅额尔德尼">班禅喇嘛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E6%8B%89%E9%94%99" title="拉姆拉错">拉姆拉错</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E7%B6%93%E7%AD%92" title="轉經筒">轉經筒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A8%E6%A1%91" title="煨桑">煨桑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%93%B6%E6%8E%A3%E7%B1%A4" title="金瓶掣籤">金瓶掣籤</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B1%89%E5%8C%96%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="西藏汉化政策">汉化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E9%98%B6%E5%B1%82" title="西藏社会阶层">社会阶层</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族">藏族</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羌巴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Changpa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8C%E5%B7%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羌巴（页面不存在）">羌巴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changpa" class="extiw" title="en:Changpa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Changpa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="由牧族" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yolmo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B1%E7%89%A7%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="由牧族（页面不存在）">由牧族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolmo" class="extiw" title="en:Yolmo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yolmo</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA" title="海外藏人">海外藏人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D" title="藏族人名">姓名</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏文化">文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="Category:西藏艺术">艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%9B%86" title="藏曆">历法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%8F%9C" title="西藏菜">饮食</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97_(%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91)" title="宗 (建筑)">宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD" title="西藏国徽">国徽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%8A%82%E6%97%A5" title="藏族节日">节日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E5%B1%B1%E7%8D%85%E5%AD%90%E6%97%97" title="雪山獅子旗">旗帜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="西藏自治区境内的全国重点文物保护单位列表">全国重点文物保护单位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%BE%BE" title="哈达">哈达<small>(礼敬围巾)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="藏族文学">文学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8B%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4" title="吐蕃大事纪年">吐蕃大事纪年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E8%B4%8A%E6%99%AE%E5%82%B3%E8%A8%98" title="吐蕃贊普傳記">吐蕃贊普傳記</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%8E%8B%E4%BC%A0" title="格萨尔王传">格萨尔王传</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%89%E5%A4%AE%E5%98%89%E6%8E%AA%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C" title="倉央嘉措詩歌">倉央嘉措詩歌</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西藏作家列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Tibetan writers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西藏作家列表（页面不存在）">作家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tibetan_writers" class="extiw" title="en:List of Tibetan writers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Tibetan writers</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="藏族音乐">音乐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="藏学">藏学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="藏醫學">藏医</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E5%8C%BB%E5%85%B8" title="四部医典">四部医典</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" title="Category:西藏">分类</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="藏区" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="Template:藏区"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="Template talk:藏区"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:藏区"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="藏区" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="藏区">藏区</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">自然</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="青藏高原">青藏高原</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="藏北高原">藏北高原</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E7%A5%9E%E5%B1%B1" title="藏区八大神山">藏区八大神山</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="喜马拉雅山脉">喜马拉雅山脉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%AA%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="横断山脉">横断山脉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%B5%E9%9D%92%E5%94%90%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E5%B1%B1" title="念青唐古拉山">念青唐古拉山</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="唐古拉山脉">唐古拉山脉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%A2%9C%E5%96%80%E6%8B%89%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="巴颜喀拉山脉">巴颜喀拉山脉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%88%E5%BA%95%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="冈底斯山脉">冈底斯山脉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E4%BB%91%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="昆仑山脉">昆仑山脉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E8%BE%BE%E6%9C%A8%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="柴达木盆地">柴达木盆地</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="藏南地區">藏南谷地</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E9%B2%81%E8%97%8F%E5%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%A1%E8%B0%B7" title="雅鲁藏布大峡谷">雅鲁藏布大峡谷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E9%B2%81%E8%97%8F%E5%B8%83%E6%B1%9F" title="雅鲁藏布江">雅鲁藏布江</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%92%E6%B1%9F" title="怒江">怒江</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%B2%99%E6%B1%9F" title="金沙江">金沙江</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%9C%E6%B2%A7%E6%B1%9F" title="澜沧江">澜沧江</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E6%9C%A8%E9%94%99" title="纳木错">纳木错</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E5%8D%93%E9%9B%8D%E9%94%99" title="羊卓雍错">羊卓雍错</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E6%97%81%E9%9B%8D%E9%8C%AF" title="瑪旁雍錯">瑪旁雍錯</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%85%AC%E9%94%99" title="班公错">班公错</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9D%BE%E6%8E%AA" title="巴松措">巴松措</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E9%87%8C%E9%94%99" title="森里错">森里错</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏历史">历史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%8C%E4%BA%BA" title="古羌人">古羌人</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E7%BE%8C%E5%85%A5%E8%97%8F" title="发羌入藏">发羌入藏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%90" title="氐">氐</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E9%9B%84" title="象雄">象雄</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%97%84" title="唐旄">唐旄</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%B0%B7%E6%B5%91" title="吐谷浑">吐谷浑</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%A0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="古格王国">古格王国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%83%E5%8E%AE%E5%95%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="唃厮啰国">唃厮啰国</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="蒙古征服吐蕃">蒙古征服</a></span><br /><span class="nowrap"></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D%E6%B2%BB%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="元朝治藏歷史">元</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%BF%A6%E5%B7%B4" title="薩迦巴">薩迦巴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2" title="宣政院">宣政院</a>）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%9C%A8%E7%AB%B9%E5%B7%B4" title="帕木竹巴">帕木竹巴</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E8%9A%8C%E5%B7%B4" title="仁蚌巴">仁蚌巴</a>）/ <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E8%88%87%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="明朝與吐蕃關係史">明</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%80%9D%E8%97%8F%E9%83%BD%E6%8C%87%E6%8C%A5%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8" title="乌思藏都指挥使司">烏思藏</a>）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%B7%B4%E6%B1%97" title="藏巴汗">藏巴汗</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E7%A1%95%E7%89%B9%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="和硕特汗国">和碩特汗國</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%B2%BB%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="清朝治藏歷史">清</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%80%E5%88%86%E6%B2%BB" title="藏區分治">藏區分治</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%97%A9%E9%99%A2" title="理藩院">理藩院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%90%E8%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="駐藏大臣">駐藏大臣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E5%BB%88" title="噶廈">噶廈</a>）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F_(1912%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941951%E5%B9%B4)" title="西藏 (1912年—1951年)">西藏</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="第一次驅漢事件">第一次驅漢事件</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%86%9B" title="藏军">藏軍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%8B%89%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="西姆拉條約">西姆拉條約</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E8%97%8F%E7%BA%A0%E7%BA%B7" title="康藏纠纷">中藏戰爭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="第二次驅漢事件">第二次驅漢事件</a>）/ <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%87%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="中華民國與西藏關係史">民国</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E8%97%8F%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="蒙藏委員會">蒙藏会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="西藏地方">西藏地方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BA%B7%E7%9C%81" title="西康省">西康省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%B7%E7%9C%81_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="青海省 (中華民國)">青海省</a>）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%B2%BB%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="中華人民共和國治藏歷史">共和国</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E9%83%BD%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="昌都战役">昌都战役</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE" title="西藏和平解放">西藏和平解放</a>、<a href="/wiki/1959%E5%B9%B4%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="1959年藏区骚乱">1959年藏区骚乱</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="西藏土地改革运动">土地改革</a>、<a href="/wiki/2008%E5%B9%B4%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="2008年西藏骚乱">2008年西藏骚乱</a>、<a href="/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="2012年藏区骚乱">2012年藏区骚乱</a>（<a href="/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%98%E5%AD%9C%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="2012年甘孜骚乱">甘孜</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%80%E9%80%A3%E7%92%B0%E8%87%AA%E7%84%9A%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="藏區連環自焚事件">藏人自焚</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="达赖喇嘛">达赖喇嘛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%AD%B7%E7%85%A7%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏護照史">護照</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏货币史">貨幣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%83%B5%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏郵政史">郵政</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%86%9C%E5%A5%B4%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="西藏农奴制度">农奴制争议</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏攝影史">攝影</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE" title="藏人行政中央">藏人行政中央</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">传统<br />分区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F" title="衛藏">衛藏</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F" title="衛藏">卫</a> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F" title="衛藏">藏</a> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="阿里地区">阿里</a> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="藏北高原">羌塘</a>） |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B5%E7%94%98%E6%80%9D" title="朵甘思">多康</a>（<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="安多地区">安多</a></b> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%8D%80" title="康區">康區</a></b>）</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现行<br />政区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="西藏自治区">西藏自治区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%9C%81%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA" title="四省藏区">四省藏区</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%B7%E7%9C%81" title="青海省">青海省</a>各藏族自治地方</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83%E7%9C%81" title="甘肃省">甘肃省</a>各藏族自治地方</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E7%9C%81" title="四川省">四川省</a>各藏族自治地方</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81" title="云南省">云南省</a>各藏族自治地方</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%B0%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="中印边界问题">中印爭議地區</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%B2%81%E7%BA%B3%E6%81%B0%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="阿鲁纳恰尔邦">阿鲁纳恰尔邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="藏南地區">藏南地區</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现居<br />族群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ol><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中國民族列表">官方识别</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族">藏族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E5%B7%B4%E6%97%8F" title="门巴族">门巴族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%9E%E5%B7%B4%E6%97%8F" title="珞巴族">珞巴族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E6%97%8F" title="羌族">羌族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">汉族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F" title="蒙古族">蒙古族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%97%8F" title="回族">回族</a></li></ol> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%AA%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="中华人民共和国未识别民族">官方未识别</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%9C%E4%BA%BA" title="僜人">僜人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E7%B5%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="嘉絨人">嘉絨人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="白馬人">白馬人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E4%BA%BA" title="夏尔巴人">夏尔巴人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%9B%9E" title="藏回">藏回（古格人）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="羌塘（藏北）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="藏北高原">羌塘<small>（藏北）</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">自然</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="藏北高原">藏北高原</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B1%9F%E6%BA%90" title="三江源">三江源</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%B1%9F%E6%BA%90" title="长江源">长江源</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄河源（页面不存在）">黄河源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E6%9B%B2_(%E6%BE%9C%E6%B2%A7%E6%B1%9F)" title="扎曲 (澜沧江)">澜沧江源</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E7%88%BE%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E6%97%8F" title="霍爾三十九族">霍爾三十九族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9B%E6%9B%B2%E5%9F%BA%E5%B7%A7" title="绛曲基巧">绛曲基巧</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现行<br />政区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E6%9B%B2%E5%B8%82" title="那曲市">那曲</a></b>：<br /><b>拉萨</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%93%E9%9B%84%E5%8E%BF" title="当雄县">当雄县</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="康方言">康方言</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="阿里（纳里、俄力思）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="阿里地区">阿里<small>（纳里、俄力思）</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">自然</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿里高原（页面不存在）">阿里高原</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%85%AC%E9%94%99" title="班公错">班公错</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E9%9B%84" title="象雄">象雄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%A0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="古格王国">古格王国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%80%9D%E8%97%8F%E7%BA%B3%E9%87%8C%E9%80%9F%E5%8F%A4%E9%B2%81%E5%AD%99%E7%AD%89%E4%B8%89%E8%B7%AF%E5%AE%A3%E6%85%B0%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8%E9%83%BD%E5%85%83%E5%B8%85%E5%BA%9C" title="乌思藏纳里速古鲁孙等三路宣慰使司都元帅府">乌思藏宣慰司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%8A%9B%E6%80%9D%E8%BB%8D%E6%B0%91%E5%85%83%E5%B8%A5%E5%BA%9C" title="俄力思軍民元帥府">俄力思軍民元帥府</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现行<br />政区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>西藏</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="阿里地区">阿里地区</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E5%8D%97%E7%96%86%E5%86%9B%E5%8C%BA" title="中国人民解放军南疆军区">南疆军区</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%86%9B%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="中国人民解放军西藏阿里军分区">阿里军分区</a>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="卫（前藏）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F" title="衛藏">卫<small>（前藏）</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">自然</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E6%B2%B3" title="拉萨河">拉萨河</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%97%84" title="唐旄">唐旄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%80%9D%E8%97%8F%E7%BA%B3%E9%87%8C%E9%80%9F%E5%8F%A4%E9%B2%81%E5%AD%99%E7%AD%89%E4%B8%89%E8%B7%AF%E5%AE%A3%E6%85%B0%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8%E9%83%BD%E5%85%83%E5%B8%85%E5%BA%9C" title="乌思藏纳里速古鲁孙等三路宣慰使司都元帅府">乌思藏宣慰司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%80%9D%E8%97%8F%E9%83%BD%E6%8C%87%E6%8C%A5%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8" title="乌思藏都指挥使司">烏思藏都司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F_(1912%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941951%E5%B9%B4)" title="西藏 (1912年—1951年)">近代西藏</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现行<br />政区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b>西藏</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E5%B8%82" title="拉萨市">拉萨市</a> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="山南市">山南市</a> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%8A%9D%E5%B8%82" title="林芝市">林芝市</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%AE%9C%E5%8C%BA" title="巴宜区">巴宜区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%B8%83%E6%B1%9F%E8%BE%BE%E5%8E%BF" title="工布江达县">工布江达县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%B8%82" title="米林市">米林市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E5%8E%BF" title="朗县">朗县</a>）</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="衛藏方言">衛藏方言</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="达赖喇嘛">达赖喇嘛</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB" title="布达拉宫">冬宫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%B8%83%E6%9E%97%E5%8D%A1" title="罗布林卡">夏宫</a>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="藏（后藏）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F" title="衛藏">藏<small>（后藏）</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%9C%A8%E7%AB%B9%E5%B7%B4" title="帕木竹巴">帕木竹巴</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E8%9A%8C%E5%B7%B4" title="仁蚌巴">仁蚌巴</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%80%9D%E8%97%8F%E7%BA%B3%E9%87%8C%E9%80%9F%E5%8F%A4%E9%B2%81%E5%AD%99%E7%AD%89%E4%B8%89%E8%B7%AF%E5%AE%A3%E6%85%B0%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8%E9%83%BD%E5%85%83%E5%B8%85%E5%BA%9C" title="乌思藏纳里速古鲁孙等三路宣慰使司都元帅府">乌思藏宣慰司</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%80%9D%E8%97%8F%E9%83%BD%E6%8C%87%E6%8C%A5%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8" title="乌思藏都指挥使司">烏思藏都司</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E7%A1%95%E7%89%B9%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="和硕特汗国">和硕特汗国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F_(1912%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941951%E5%B9%B4)" title="西藏 (1912年—1951年)">近代西藏</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现行<br />政区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>西藏</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%96%80%E5%88%99%E5%B8%82" title="日喀则市">日喀则市</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="衛藏方言">衛藏方言</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E7%A6%85%E9%A2%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC" title="班禅额尔德尼">班禅额尔德尼</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E4%BB%80%E4%BC%A6%E5%B8%83%E5%AF%BA" title="扎什伦布寺">扎什伦布寺</a>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="康（喀木、多朵）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%8D%80" title="康區">康<small>（喀木、多朵）</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">自然</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E9%B2%81%E8%97%8F%E5%B8%83%E6%B1%9F" title="雅鲁藏布江">雅鲁藏布江</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="藏南地區">藏南</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E7%AD%89%E8%B7%AF%E5%AE%A3%E6%85%B0%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8%E9%83%BD%E5%85%83%E5%B8%85%E5%BA%9C" title="吐蕃等路宣慰使司都元帅府">吐蕃等路</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B5%E7%94%98%E8%A1%8C%E9%83%BD%E6%8C%87%E6%8C%A5%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8" title="朵甘行都指挥使司">朵甘行都司</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%98%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%98" title="巴塘事变">巴塘事变</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E7%95%A5%E4%BD%BF_(%E5%8C%97%E6%B4%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C)" title="经略使 (北洋政府)">川边经略使</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%AE%E5%AE%88%E4%BD%BF" title="鎮守使">川边镇守使</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E9%82%8A%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E5%8D%80" title="川邊特別區">川邊特別區</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BA%B7%E7%9C%81" title="西康省">西康省</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B5%E9%BA%A6%E5%9F%BA%E5%B7%A7" title="朵麦基巧">朵麥基巧</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E8%97%8F%E7%BA%A0%E7%BA%B7" title="康藏纠纷">康藏纠纷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BA%B7%E7%9C%81_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD)" title="西康省 (中华人民共和国)">西康戰役</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E9%83%BD%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="昌都战役">昌都战役</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现行<br />政区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><b>西藏</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="昌都地区">昌都地区</a> |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E6%9B%B2%E5%B8%82" title="那曲市">那曲市</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%82%E8%8D%A3%E5%8E%BF" title="聂荣县">聂荣县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%9D%92%E5%8E%BF" title="巴青县">巴青县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%8E%BF" title="索县">索县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%A6%82%E5%8E%BF" title="比如县">比如县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E9%BB%8E%E5%8E%BF" title="嘉黎县">嘉黎县</a>） |</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%8A%9D%E5%B8%82" title="林芝市">林芝市</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%9F%E9%9A%85%E5%8E%BF" title="察隅县">察隅县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%AF%86%E5%8E%BF" title="波密县">波密县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%84%B1%E5%8E%BF" title="墨脱县">墨脱县</a>）<br /><b>青海</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E6%A0%91%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="玉树藏族自治州">玉树州</a><br /><b>四川</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E5%AD%9C%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="甘孜藏族自治州">甘孜州</a><br /><b>云南</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%BA%86%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="迪庆藏族自治州">迪庆州</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="康方言">康方言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%8D%AB%E8%A7%86" title="康巴卫视">康巴卫视</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E7%BB%92%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="嘉绒语支">嘉绒语支</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" title="帕巴拉活佛">帕巴拉活佛</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97%E5%AF%BA" title="强巴林寺">强巴林寺</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="安多（多麦）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="安多地区">安多<small>（多麦）</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%83%E5%8E%AE%E5%95%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="唃厮啰国">唃厮啰国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E7%AD%89%E5%A4%84%E5%AE%A3%E6%85%B0%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%B8%E9%83%BD%E5%85%83%E5%B8%85%E5%BA%9C" title="吐蕃等处宣慰使司都元帅府">吐蕃等處</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现行<br />政区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>青海</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8C%97%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="海北藏族自治州">海北州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="海南藏族自治州">海南州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%8D%97%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="黄南藏族自治州">黃南州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E6%B4%9B%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="果洛藏族自治州">果洛州</a><br /><b>甘肃</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E5%8D%97%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="甘南藏族自治州">甘南州</a><br /><b>四川</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%9D%9D%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%8C%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" title="阿坝藏族羌族自治州">阿坝州(北部)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="安多方言">安多方言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%8D%AB%E8%A7%86" title="安多卫视">安多卫视</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%9C%E6%A5%9E%E5%AF%BA" title="拉卜楞寺">拉卜楞寺</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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