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class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sample vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sample_vocabulary-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sample vocabulary subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sample_vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Wagga_Wagga"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Wagga_Wagga""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>"Wagga Wagga"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Wagga_Wagga"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ngamadidj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ngamadidj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span><i>Ngamadidj</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ngamadidj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anatomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Anatomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anatomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Verbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phrases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phrases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Phrases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phrases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Introductions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introductions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9.1</span> <span>Introductions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introductions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9.2</span> <span>Greetings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_on_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Influence on English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Traditional language of the Wiradjuri people of Australia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #eba9ee;">Wiradjuri</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #eba9ee;">Wiradhuray<br />Wiradyuray</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Wiradjuri" title="Wiradjuri">Wiradjuri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weraerai" class="mw-redirect" title="Weraerai">Weraerai</a>, ?<a href="/wiki/Jeithi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeithi">Jeithi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1479 (2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Wiradhuric_languages" title="Wiradhuric languages">Wiradhuric</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Wiradjuri</b></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Wirraayaraay (Wiraiari)</li> <li>Jeithi (?)</li> <li>Warramunga</li> <li>Marrinbula</li> <li>Binjang</li> <li>Mowgee</li> <li>Dabee</li> <li>Kaliyarrpiyalung</li> <li>Ngarrumayiny</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #eba9ee;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/wrh" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:wrh">wrh</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/wira1262">wira1262</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">AIATSIS</a><sup id="cite_ref-AIATSIS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIATSIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/D10">D10</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3324">Wiradjuri</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiradhuric_languages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/Wiradhuric_languages.png/320px-Wiradhuric_languages.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/Wiradhuric_languages.png/480px-Wiradhuric_languages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/Wiradhuric_languages.png/640px-Wiradhuric_languages.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lang_Status_20-CR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lang_Status_20-CR.svg/320px-Lang_Status_20-CR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lang_Status_20-CR.svg/480px-Lang_Status_20-CR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lang_Status_20-CR.svg/640px-Lang_Status_20-CR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="153" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Wiradjuri is classified as Critically Endangered by the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/Atlas_of_the_World%27s_Languages_in_Danger" title="Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger">Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger</a></span></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Wiradjuri</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many other spellings, see <a href="/wiki/Wiradjuri#Name" title="Wiradjuri">Wiradjuri</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a> language of the <a href="/wiki/Wiradhuric_languages" title="Wiradhuric languages">Wiradhuric</a> subgroup. It is the traditional language of the <a href="/wiki/Wiradjuri" title="Wiradjuri">Wiradjuri</a> people, an <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Australian">Aboriginal Australian</a> people of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, Australia. Wiraiari and Jeithi may have been dialects.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A revival is under way, with the language being taught in schools, TAFE college, and at <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sturt_University" title="Charles Sturt University">Charles Sturt University</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reclamation">Reclamation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Reclamation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teaching">Teaching</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Teaching"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Wiradjuri language has been taught in primary schools, secondary schools and at <a href="/wiki/Technical_and_further_education" title="Technical and further education">TAFE</a> since before 2012 in the towns of <a href="/wiki/Parkes,_New_South_Wales" title="Parkes, New South Wales">Parkes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forbes,_New_South_Wales" title="Forbes, New South Wales">Forbes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor2012_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is taught at <a href="/wiki/Condobolin" title="Condobolin">Condobolin</a>. Northern Wiradjuri schools such as Peak Hill, <a href="/wiki/Dubbo" title="Dubbo">Dubbo</a>, Narromine, Wellington, Gilgandra, Trangie, and Geurie by AECG<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> language and culture educators.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> All lessons include both Indigenous and non-<a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As of 2017 the language was also being taught in <a href="/wiki/Young,_New_South_Wales" title="Young, New South Wales">Young</a>, having a positive impact on the number of pupils self-identifying as Aboriginal.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sturt_University" title="Charles Sturt University">Charles Sturt University</a> also offers a two-year course in Wiradjuri language, heritage, and culture, focusing on language reclamation.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This course, which commenced in 2014, was developed by Wiradjuri Elder, Dr <a href="/wiki/Stan_Grant_(Wiradjuri_elder)" title="Stan Grant (Wiradjuri elder)">Stan Grant Senior</a>, as part of their Wiradjuri Language and Cultural Heritage Recovery Project.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dictionary">Dictionary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dictionary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The process of reclaiming the language was greatly assisted by the publication in 2005 of <i>A First Wiradjuri Dictionary</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by elder Stan Grant Senior and academic <a href="/wiki/John_Rudder" title="John Rudder">John Rudder</a>. Rudder described the dictionary: "The Wiradjuri Dictionary has three main sections in just over 400 B5 pages. The first two sections, English to Wiradjuri, and Wiradjuri to English, have about 5,000 entries each. The third sections lists Names of Things grouped in categories such as animals, birds, plants, climate, body parts, colours. In addition to those main sections the dictionary contains an introduction to accurate pronunciation, a basic grammar of the language and a sample range of sentence types." A revised edition,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> holding over 8,000 words, was published in 2010<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and launched in Wagga Wagga, with the launch described by the member for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Wagga_Wagga" title="Electoral district of Wagga Wagga">Wagga Wagga</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_New_South_Wales" title="Parliament of New South Wales">New South Wales Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A mobile app and web-based version based on the book is also available.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <i>Grammar of Wiradjuri language</i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was published in 2014. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_consonant" title="Peripheral consonant">Peripheral</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">Laminal</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">Apical</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨b⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d̪</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨dh⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨dy⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨d⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨m⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ng⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental nasal">n̪</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨nh⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ny⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨l⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rhotic_consonant" title="Rhotic consonant">Rhotic</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨rr⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨y⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨r⟩</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In most Pama-Nyungan languages, sounds represented by ‘k’ or ‘g’ are interchangeable. As are sounds ‘b’ and ‘p’. As well as ‘t’ and ‘d’. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Short_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Short vowel">short</a></small></th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Long_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Long vowel">long</a></small> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Short_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Short vowel">short</a></small></th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Long_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Long vowel">long</a></small> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Short_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Short vowel">short</a></small></th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Long_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Long vowel">long</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨i⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ii⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨u⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">uː</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨uu⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a>/<a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨a⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">aː</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨aa⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The phonemes /ə/ and /aː/ tend to be considered as belonging to the same pair (refer to the orthography table below).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_vocabulary">Sample vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sample vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Wagga_Wagga""><span id=".22Wagga_Wagga.22"></span>"Wagga Wagga"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: "Wagga Wagga""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Route_41_Wagga_Wagga_sign_(Mills_St).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Route_41_Wagga_Wagga_sign_%28Mills_St%29.jpg/220px-Route_41_Wagga_Wagga_sign_%28Mills_St%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Route_41_Wagga_Wagga_sign_%28Mills_St%29.jpg/330px-Route_41_Wagga_Wagga_sign_%28Mills_St%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Route_41_Wagga_Wagga_sign_%28Mills_St%29.jpg/440px-Route_41_Wagga_Wagga_sign_%28Mills_St%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="997" /></a><figcaption>Route 41 Wagga Wagga sign (Mills St)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Aboriginal inhabitants of the <a href="/wiki/Wagga_Wagga" title="Wagga Wagga">Wagga Wagga</a> region were the Wiradjuri people and the term <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">wagga wagga</i></span>, with a central open vowel /aː/, means 'dances and celebrations',<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has also been translated as 'reeling like a drunken man'.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Wiradjuri word <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">wagan</i></span> means 'crow', which can be pluralised by <a href="/wiki/Reduplication" title="Reduplication">reduplication</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until 2019, it was claimed by the Wagga Wagga council and others that Wagga Wagga translates to “the place of many crows”.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as Uncle Stan Grant Snr has stated, "<span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">Wagga Wagga</i></span> does sound a bit like <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">Waggon Waggon</i></span>, but it’s not quite the same. If you say “<span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">Wagan Wagan</i></span>,” you’re saying 'many crows'. And <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">Wagga Wagga</i></span> means dance celebrations… But the fact is, it’s my language, our language, and it’s got nothing to do with crows whatsoever.".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ngamadidj"><i>Ngamadidj</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ngamadidj"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngamadidj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngamadidj (page does not exist)">Ngamadidj</a></i> ('ghost', or 'white people'), used in the <a href="/wiki/Kuurn_Kopan_Noot_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuurn Kopan Noot language">Kuurn Kopan Noot language</a> in <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria, Australia">Victoria</a>, is also recorded as being used in <a href="/wiki/Wellington,_New_South_Wales" title="Wellington, New South Wales">Wellington, New South Wales</a> by local Wiradjuri people about a missionary there.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animals">Animals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Wiradjuri </th></tr> <tr> <td>animal (in general) </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">gidyira</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">balugan</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>animal (male) </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">wambi</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>animal (female) </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">gunal</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>baby (chicken or pup) </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">mangga</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bat</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">ngarradan</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>bat/bird (in general) </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">budyaan</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Macrotis" title="Macrotis">bilby</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">ngundawang</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">bilbi</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">balbu</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">barru</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brushtail_possum" title="Brushtail possum">brushtail possum</a> (male) </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">gidyay</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brush-tailed_rock-wallaby" title="Brush-tailed rock-wallaby">brush-tailed rock-wallaby</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">wirrang</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">barrbay</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bunyip" title="Bunyip">bunyip</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">waawii</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Butterfly" title="Butterfly">butterfly</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">budyabudya</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">gurruganbalang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cockatiel" title="Cockatiel">cockatiel</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">guwariyan</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Common_wallaroo" title="Common wallaroo">common wallaroo</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">walaruu</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">yulama</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dingo" title="Dingo">dingo</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">yugay</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">warragul</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">dinggu</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">dawarang</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">garingali</i></span> (female) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dog</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">mirri</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Echidna" title="Echidna">echidna</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">wandayali</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">wandhayirra</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">ganyi</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">ginaginbaany</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">guwandiyala</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">wambiyala</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emu" title="Emu">emu</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">dinawan</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">frog</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">gulaangga</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horse</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">yarraman</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>horse (<a href="/wiki/Stallion" title="Stallion">stallion</a>) </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">yindaay</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">kangaroo</a> (eastern grey) </td> <td><i>wambuwuny</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Koala" title="Koala">koala</a> </td> <td><i>barrandhang, gurabaan</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kookaburra" title="Kookaburra">kookaburra</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">gugubarra</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Long-nosed_bandicoot" title="Long-nosed bandicoot">long-nosed bandicoot</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">gurawang</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">guyand</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">gurang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_magpie" title="Australian magpie">magpie</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">garru</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Owl" title="Owl">owl</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">ngugug</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Platypus" title="Platypus">platypus</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">biladurang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phalangeriformes" title="Phalangeriformes">possum</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">wilay</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_kangaroo" title="Red kangaroo">red kangaroo</a> (female) </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">bandhaa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Snake" title="Snake">snake</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">gadi</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sugar_glider" title="Sugar glider">sugar glider</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">gindaany</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swan" title="Swan">swan</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">dhundhu</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quoll" title="Quoll">quoll</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">mabi</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">babila</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">mugiiny-mabi</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wombat" title="Wombat">wombat</a> </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">wambad</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Wiradjuri </th></tr> <tr> <td>man </td> <td><i>gibir</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>woman </td> <td><i>yinaa</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>mother </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">gunhi</i></span>, <i>ngama, baba</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>father </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">babiin</i></span>, <i>mama</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>son </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">wurrumany</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>sister (older) </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">mingaan</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>sister (younger) </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">minhi</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>brother (older) </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">gaagang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>brother (younger) </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">gagamin</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>girl </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">migay</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>boy </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">birrany</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>baby </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">gudha</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>grandmother </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">badhiin</i></span>, <i>gunhinarrung</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numbers">Numbers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Wiradjuri </th></tr> <tr> <td>one </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">ngumbaay</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>two </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">bula</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>three </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">bula ngumbaay</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>four </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">bula bula</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>five </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">marra</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-five_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-five-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>six </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">marra ngumbaay</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>seven </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">marra bula</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>eight </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">marra bula ngumbaay</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>nine </td> <td><i>marra bula bula</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ten </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">marra marra</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anatomy">Anatomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Anatomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Wiradjuri </th></tr> <tr> <td>body (whole) </td> <td><i>garraba</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>backside </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">bubul</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>chest </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">birring</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>eye </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">mil</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>hand </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">marra</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-five_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-five-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>testicles </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">buurruu</i></span>, <span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">garra</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbs">Verbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Verbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Wiradjuri </th></tr> <tr> <td>to dance </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">waganha</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>to dig </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">wangarra</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>to laugh </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">gindanha</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>to swim </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">bambinya</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>to stay </td> <td><i>wibiyanha</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Wiradjuri </th></tr> <tr> <td>yes </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">ngawa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>no/not </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">wiray</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>home </td> <td><i>gunyi</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>money/stone </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">walang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>left </td> <td><i>wayburr</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>right </td> <td><i>bumaldhal, bumalgala</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>perhaps </td> <td><i>gada</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>boomerang (general term) </td> <td><i>balgang, bargan, badhawal</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>but/however </td> <td><i>gulur, ngay</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phrases">Phrases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Phrases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Introductions">Introductions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Introductions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Wiradjuri </th></tr> <tr> <td>What's your name? </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">Widyu-ndhu yuwin ngulung?</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>My name is James. </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">Yuwin ngadhi James.</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Who's this one? </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">Ngandhi nginha?</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>This is mother. </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">Nginha gunhi.</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greetings">Greetings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Greetings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Wiradjuri </th></tr> <tr> <td>Good day! </td> <td><i>Yiradhu marang!</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Are you well? </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">Yamandhu marang?</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yes, I'm well. </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">Ngawa baladhu marang.</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>That's good. </td> <td><span title="Wiradjuri-language text"><i lang="wrh">Marang nganha.</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Love</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Wiradjuri </th></tr> <tr> <td>Love </td> <td><i>Ngurrbul</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I love you </td> <td><i>Nginyugu ngurrbul</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>You are beautiful </td> <td><i>Nghindu nguyaguyamilang</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Complex statements</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>My grandfather was a law man </td> <td><i>Moomahahdi booya doray mine</i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I have done my work. I am finished </td> <td><i>Nah-du beeyunggonah gahdonbeeyay baldogoreegidahn</i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The world does not respect people who have no language </td> <td><i>Moonmbinahlah nurembunggah wiray yinduhmahlah wiray myneeyungderay</i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_on_English">Influence on English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Influence on English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> words come from Wiradjuri: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kookaburra" title="Kookaburra">kookaburra</a></i>, a species of <a href="/wiki/Kingfisher" title="Kingfisher">kingfisher</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quandong" title="Quandong">quandong</a></i>, a species of tree<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quarrion" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarrion">quarrion</a></i> (or <i>quarrien</i>), another name for the <a href="/wiki/Cockatiel" title="Cockatiel">cockatiel</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aboriginal Education Consultative Group, a NSW Government insrumentality</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-five-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-five_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-five_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">These two words share the same meaning.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AIATSIS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AIATSIS_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/D10">D10</a> Wiradjuri at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Wiradjuri" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=Wiradjuri">"Wiradjuri"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wiradjuri&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3DWiradjuri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixon2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/R._M._W._Dixon" class="mw-redirect" title="R. M. W. Dixon">Dixon, R. M. W.</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521473780"><i>Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. xxxiv.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australian+Languages%3A+Their+Nature+and+Development&rft.pages=xxxiv&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=R.+M.+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcatalogue%2Fcatalogue.asp%3Fisbn%3D0521473780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There is quite some confusion over the names Wirraayarray, Wiriyarray, and <a href="/wiki/Wirray_Wirray_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Wirray Wirray language">Wirray Wirray</a>. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://austlang.aiatsis.gov.au/main.php?code=D65">AIATSIS:Wirraayaraay</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor2012-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taylor2012_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor, Suzi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130114060834/https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2012/07/04/3538590.htm">How a language transformed a town</a>. ABC, 4 July 2012. "The boundary of the Wiradjuri Nation extends from Gilgandra in the north, straddling the Great Dividing Range down to the Murray River and out to western NSW. It includes the townships of Dubbo, Condobolin, Orange, Bathurst, Wagga Wagga, Narrandera and Griffith."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/young-blood-keeping-ancient-indigenous-languages-alive">"Young blood keeping ancient Indigenous languages alive"</a>. <i>SBS News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SBS+News&rft.atitle=Young+blood+keeping+ancient+Indigenous+languages+alive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnews%2Fyoung-blood-keeping-ancient-indigenous-languages-alive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarketing" class="citation web cs1">Marketing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://study.csu.edu.au/courses/teaching-education/graduate-certificate-wiradjuri-language-culture-heritage">"Graduate Certificate in Wiradjuri Language, Culture and Heritage"</a>. <i>study.csu.edu.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=study.csu.edu.au&rft.atitle=Graduate+Certificate+in+Wiradjuri+Language%2C+Culture+and+Heritage&rft.au=Marketing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudy.csu.edu.au%2Fcourses%2Fteaching-education%2Fgraduate-certificate-wiradjuri-language-culture-heritage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://about.csu.edu.au/community/initiatives/wiradjuri-language-and-cultural-heritage-recovery-project">"Wiradjuri Language and Cultural Heritage Recovery Project – About"</a>. About.csu.edu.au<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wiradjuri+Language+and+Cultural+Heritage+Recovery+Project+%E2%80%93+About&rft.pub=About.csu.edu.au&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabout.csu.edu.au%2Fcommunity%2Finitiatives%2Fwiradjuri-language-and-cultural-heritage-recovery-project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlesGrant2024" class="citation web cs1">Charles, Bronte; Grant, Lowanna (19 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/this-wiradjuri-language-course-is-celebrating-a-10-year-milestone/5bfpsz4gx">"This Wiradjuri language course is celebrating a 10 year milestone"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NITV" class="mw-redirect" title="NITV">NITV</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NITV&rft.atitle=This+Wiradjuri+language+course+is+celebrating+a+10+year+milestone&rft.date=2024-04-19&rft.aulast=Charles&rft.aufirst=Bronte&rft.au=Grant%2C+Lowanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnitv%2Farticle%2Fthis-wiradjuri-language-course-is-celebrating-a-10-year-milestone%2F5bfpsz4gx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudder,_JohnGrant,_Stan,_1940–2005" class="citation cs2">Rudder, John; Grant, Stan, 1940– (2005), <i>A first Wiradjuri dictionary : English to Wiradjuri, Wiradjuri to English and categories of things</i>, Restoration House, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86942-131-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86942-131-4"><bdi>978-0-86942-131-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+first+Wiradjuri+dictionary+%3A+English+to+Wiradjuri%2C+Wiradjuri+to+English+and+categories+of+things&rft.pub=Restoration+House&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-86942-131-4&rft.au=Rudder%2C+John&rft.au=Grant%2C+Stan%2C+1940%E2%80%93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bundyiculture.com.au/6/166614.ashx?lv.crumb=67709">Wiradjui Dictionary</a>, Stan Grant Snr and John Rudder, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant,_StanGrant,_Stan,_1940–Rudder,_John2010" class="citation cs2">Grant, Stan; Grant, Stan, 1940–; Rudder, John (2010), <i>A new Wiradjuri dictionary</i>, Restoration House, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86942-150-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86942-150-5"><bdi>978-0-86942-150-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+new+Wiradjuri+dictionary&rft.pub=Restoration+House&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-86942-150-5&rft.au=Grant%2C+Stan&rft.au=Grant%2C+Stan%2C+1940%E2%80%93&rft.au=Rudder%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/11/04/3056825.htm">ABC news interview with Grant</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LA20101112030">Hansard</a> of <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_New_South_Wales" title="Parliament of New South Wales">Parliament of New South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daryl_Maguire" title="Daryl Maguire">Daryl Maguire</a> & <a href="/wiki/Barry_Collier_(politician)" title="Barry Collier (politician)">Barry Collier</a>, 12 November 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://regenr8.org/language-revitalisation/apps/wiradjuri-dictionary/">"Wiradjuri Dictionary – RegenR8"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wiradjuri+Dictionary+%E2%80%93+RegenR8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fregenr8.org%2Flanguage-revitalisation%2Fapps%2Fwiradjuri-dictionary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant,_StanRudder,_John2014" class="citation cs2">Grant, Stan; Rudder, John (2014), <i>A grammar of Wiradjuri language</i>, Rest, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86942-151-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86942-151-2"><bdi>978-0-86942-151-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+grammar+of+Wiradjuri+language&rft.pub=Rest&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-86942-151-2&rft.au=Grant%2C+Stan&rft.au=Rudder%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant;_Rudder2010" class="citation book cs1">Grant; Rudder, Stan; John (2010). <i>A New Wiradjuri Dictionary</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+Wiradjuri+Dictionary&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Grant%3B+Rudder&rft.aufirst=Stan%3B+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-27/wagga-wagga-officially-adopts-citys-aboriginal-meaning/11452096">"Wagga Wagga officially drops 'crow' and adopts city's Aboriginal meaning as 'dance and celebrations'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a></i>. 27 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=Wagga+Wagga+officially+drops+%27crow%27+and+adopts+city%27s+Aboriginal+meaning+as+%27dance+and+celebrations%27&rft.date=2019-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2019-08-27%2Fwagga-wagga-officially-adopts-citys-aboriginal-meaning%2F11452096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waggawaggaaustralia.com.au/visitor-information/the-name/">"Wagga Wagga – The Name"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wagga+Wagga+%E2%80%93+The+Name&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waggawaggaaustralia.com.au%2Fvisitor-information%2Fthe-name%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2022" class="citation book cs1">Grant, Stan (2022). Heiss, Anita (ed.). <i>Growing up Wiradjuri</i>. Western Australia: Magabala Books Aboriginal Corporation. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-922613-74-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-922613-74-5"><bdi>978-1-922613-74-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Growing+up+Wiradjuri&rft.place=Western+Australia&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Magabala+Books+Aboriginal+Corporation&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-922613-74-5&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Stan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wagga.nsw.gov.au/city-of-wagga-wagga/wagga-wagga/history-2">"History"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwagga.nsw.gov.au%2Fcity-of-wagga-wagga%2Fwagga-wagga%2Fhistory-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2022" class="citation book cs1">Grant, Stan (2022). Heiss, Anita (ed.). <i>Growing up Wiradjuri</i>. Western Australia: Magabala Books Aboriginal Corporation. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-922613-74-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-922613-74-5"><bdi>978-1-922613-74-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Growing+up+Wiradjuri&rft.place=Western+Australia&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Magabala+Books+Aboriginal+Corporation&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-922613-74-5&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Stan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkCahir2014" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Ian; Cahir, Fred (2014). "6. John Green, Manager of Coranderrk Aboriginal Station, but also a ngamadjidj? New insights into His Work with Victorian Aboriginal People in the Nineteenth Century". In Brett, Mark; Havea, J. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305003506"><i>Colonial Contexts and Postcolonial Theologies: Storyweaving in the Asia-Pacific</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 129–144. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9781137475473_9">10.1057/9781137475473_9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-50181-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-50181-6"><bdi>978-1-349-50181-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6.+John+Green%2C+Manager+of+Coranderrk+Aboriginal+Station%2C+but+also+a+ngamadjidj%3F+New+insights+into+His+Work+with+Victorian+Aboriginal+People+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.btitle=Colonial+Contexts+and+Postcolonial+Theologies%3A+Storyweaving+in+the+Asia-Pacific&rft.pages=129-144&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9781137475473_9&rft.isbn=978-1-349-50181-6&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Cahir%2C+Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F305003506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781137475466">Whole e-book</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/audio/2016/04/02/world/australia/xxstangrant-audio-grandfather-law-man.html">"Key Quotes, in Wiradjuri"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 31 March 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Key+Quotes%2C+in+Wiradjuri&rft.date=2016-03-31&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Faudio%2F2016%2F04%2F02%2Fworld%2Faustralia%2Fxxstangrant-audio-grandfather-law-man.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_English" title="Oxford Dictionary of English">Oxford Dictionary of English</a></i>, 3rd ed., p 977.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_English" title="Oxford Dictionary of English">Oxford Dictionary of English</a></i>, p 1,451</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_English" title="Oxford Dictionary of English">Oxford Dictionary of English</a></i>, p 1,452</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGünther1892" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_G%C3%BCnther&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Günther (page does not exist)">Günther, James</a> (1892). "Grammar and Vocabulary of the Aboriginal dialect called Wirradhuri". In Fraser, John (ed.). <i>An Australian Language</i>. Sydney: Government printer. pp. 56–120 of appendix.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grammar+and+Vocabulary+of+the+Aboriginal+dialect+called+Wirradhuri&rft.btitle=An+Australian+Language&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pages=56-120+of+appendix&rft.pub=Government+printer&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCnther&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHale1846" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Hale" title="Horatio Hale">Hale, Horatio</a> (1846). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cihm_35669">"The languages of Australia"</a>. <i>Ethnography and philology</i>. Vol VI of <i>Reports of the United States Exploring Expedition, under the command of Charles Wilkes</i>. New York: Lea and Blanchard. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cihm_35669/page/n498">457</a>–531. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780665356698" title="Special:BookSources/9780665356698"><bdi>9780665356698</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+languages+of+Australia&rft.btitle=Ethnography+and+philology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=457-531&rft.pub=Lea+and+Blanchard&rft.date=1846&rft.isbn=9780665356698&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=Horatio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcihm_35669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoskingMcNicol,_Sally1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dianne_Hosking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dianne Hosking (page does not exist)">Hosking, Dianne</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sally_McNicol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sally McNicol (page does not exist)">McNicol, Sally</a> (1993). <i>Wiradjuri</i>. Panther Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wiradjuri&rft.pub=Panther+Publishing&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Hosking&rft.aufirst=Dianne&rft.au=McNicol%2C+Sally&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathews1904" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/R._H._Mathews" class="mw-redirect" title="R. H. Mathews">Mathews, R. H.</a> (July–December 1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1449610">"The Wiradyuri and Other Languages of New South Wales"</a>. <i>The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland</i>. <b>34</b>: 284–305. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2843103">10.2307/2843103</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2843103">2843103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Anthropological+Institute+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.atitle=The+Wiradyuri+and+Other+Languages+of+New+South+Wales&rft.volume=34&rft.pages=284-305&rft.date=1904-07%2F1904-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2843103&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2843103%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mathews&rft.aufirst=R.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1449610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNicolHosking,_Dianne1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SallyMcNicol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SallyMcNicol (page does not exist)">McNicol, Sally</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dianne_Hosking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dianne Hosking (page does not exist)">Hosking, Dianne</a> (1994). "Wiradjuri". In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Thieberger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nick Thieberger (page does not exist)">Nick Thieberger</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_McGregor_(linguist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William McGregor (linguist) (page does not exist)">William McGregor</a> (ed.). <i>Macquarie Aboriginal Words</i>. Sydney: Macquarie Library. pp. 79–99.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wiradjuri&rft.btitle=Macquarie+Aboriginal+Words&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pages=79-99&rft.pub=Macquarie+Library&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=McNicol&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft.au=Hosking%2C+Dianne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041109091218/http://rosella.apana.org.au/~jtr/wirad.html">"Wiradjuri Materials"</a>. <i>Restoration House: Publishers of Australian Aboriginal Material</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rosella.apana.org.au/~jtr/wirad.html">the original</a> on 9 November 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Restoration+House%3A+Publishers+of+Australian+Aboriginal+Material&rft.atitle=Wiradjuri+Materials&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frosella.apana.org.au%2F~jtr%2Fwirad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bundyiculture.com.au/6/166614.ashx?lv.crumb=67709">A New Wiradjuri dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060502032613/http://rosella.apana.org.au/~jtr/profile.html">profiles of Grant and Rudder</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/wiradjuri.php">Wiradjuri language, alphabet and pronunciation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiradjuri.dalang.com.au/">Materials for learning Wiradjuri</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterandren.com/wiradjuri.php">Peter Andren MP with material on the Wiradjuri</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Wiradyuri_and_Other_Languages_of_New_South_Wales" class="extiw" title="wikisource:The Wiradyuri and Other Languages of New South Wales">The Wiradyuri and Other Languages of New South Wales</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091026000520/http://blackwebs.photoaccess.org.au/~wiradjurildp/wdictionaryvol2.html">"A first Wiradjuri dictionary vol 2"</a>. <i>WIRADJURI LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blackwebs.photoaccess.org.au/%7Ewiradjurildp/wdictionaryvol2.html">the original</a> on 26 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WIRADJURI+LANGUAGE+DEVELOPMENT+PROJECT&rft.atitle=A+first+Wiradjuri+dictionary+vol+2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblackwebs.photoaccess.org.au%2F%257Ewiradjurildp%2Fwdictionaryvol2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWiradjuri+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fatsil.org.au/Vol-38/Volume-38/Wiradjuri-Ngawa-Stan-Grant-Snr.html">More information on Learning Wiradjuri</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2020">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091016051456/http://www.wit.tafensw.edu.au/course-information/industry-areas/aboriginal-programs/courses/course-details/?id=1786">Learn Wiradjuri at TAFE</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Koori" title="Koori">Koori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kuringgai" title="Kuringgai">Kuringgai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murri_people" title="Murri people">Murri</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(mainly Queensland bordering NSW)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Bundjalung_people" title="Western Bundjalung people">Western Bundjalung people</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aboriginal peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/An%C4%93wan" title="Anēwan">Anēwan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arakwal_people" title="Arakwal people">Arakwal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Awabakal" title="Awabakal">Awabakal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Baanbay" title="Baanbay">Banbai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barranbinya" title="Barranbinya">Barranbinya</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bidjigal" title="Bidjigal">Bidjigal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bigambul" title="Bigambul">Bigambul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Birrbay" title="Birrbay">Birrbay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bundjalung_people" title="Bundjalung people">Bundjalung</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Bundjalung_people" title="Western Bundjalung people">Western Bundjalung</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Darkinyung_people" title="Darkinyung people">Darkinyung</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Darug" class="mw-redirect" title="Darug">Darug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djangadi" title="Djangadi">Djangadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djiringanj" title="Djiringanj">Djiringanj</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eora" title="Eora">Eora</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gamilaraay" title="Gamilaraay">Gamilaraay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gandangara" title="Gandangara">Gandangara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Geawegal" title="Geawegal">Geawegal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gidhabal" title="Gidhabal">Gidhabal/Githabul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guringay" title="Guringay">Gringai/Guringay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gumbaynggirr" title="Gumbaynggirr">Gumbaynggirr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gweagal" title="Gweagal">Gweagal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Himberrong" title="Himberrong">Himberrong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeithi_people" title="Jeithi people">Jeithi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jitajita" title="Jitajita">Jitajita</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jukambal" title="Jukambal">Jukambal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Galibal" title="Galibal">Galibal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karenggapa" title="Karenggapa">Karenggapa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gawambaraay" title="Gawambaraay">Kawambarai/Gawambaraay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kurnu" title="Kurnu">Kula/Kurnu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kuringgai" title="Kuringgai">Kuringgai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kureinji" title="Kureinji">Kureinji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kwiambal" title="Kwiambal">Kwiambal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malyangapa" title="Malyangapa">Malyangapa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maraura" title="Maraura">Maraura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milpulo" title="Milpulo">Milpulo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muruwari" title="Muruwari">Muruwari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muthi_Muthi" title="Muthi Muthi">Muthi Muthi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nhaawuparlku" title="Nhaawuparlku">Nhaawuparlku</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nari-Nari" title="Nari-Nari">Nari-Nari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngaku" title="Ngaku">Ngaku</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngambaa" title="Ngambaa">Ngambaa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngarbal" title="Ngarbal">Ngarbal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngarigo" title="Ngarigo">Ngarigo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngiyampaa" title="Ngiyampaa">Ngiyampaa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngunnawal" title="Ngunnawal">Ngunnawal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paakantyi" title="Paakantyi">Paakantyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paaruntyi" title="Paaruntyi">Paaruntyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barindji" title="Barindji">Barindji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tharawal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tharawal">Tharawal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thaua" title="Thaua">Thaua</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yuwaalaraay" title="Yuwaalaraay">Yuwaalaraay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walbunja" title="Walbunja">Walbunja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walgalu" title="Walgalu">Walgalu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wandandian" title="Wandandian">Wandandian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wangaaypuwan" title="Wangaaypuwan">Wangaaypuwan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wanjiwalku" title="Wanjiwalku">Wanjiwalku</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Weilwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Weilwan">Weilwan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wemba-Wemba" title="Wemba-Wemba">Wemba-Wemba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wirraayaraay" title="Wirraayaraay">Wirraayaraay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wiyabal" title="Wiyabal">Wiyabal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilyakali" title="Wilyakali">Wilyakali</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wiradjuri" title="Wiradjuri">Wiradjuri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wodiwodi" title="Wodiwodi">Wodiwodi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wonnarua" title="Wonnarua">Wonnarua</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Worimi" title="Worimi">Worimi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yaygirr" title="Yaygirr">Yaygirr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugambeh_people" title="Yugambeh people">Yugambeh</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Clans: <a href="/wiki/Wanggeriburra_clan" title="Wanggeriburra clan">Wanggeriburra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kombumerri_clan" title="Kombumerri clan">Kombumerri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mununjali_clan" title="Mununjali clan">Mununjali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulgigin_clan" title="Tulgigin clan">Tulgigin</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yuin" title="Yuin">Yuin</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aboriginal clans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cammeraygal" title="Cammeraygal">Cammeraygal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gadigal" title="Gadigal">Gadigal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gorualgal" title="Gorualgal">Gorualgal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jerrinja" title="Jerrinja">Jerrinja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngambri" title="Ngambri">Ngambri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wallumettagal" title="Wallumettagal">Wallumettagal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wangal" title="Wangal">Wangal</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aboriginal languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;"text-align: center; ";"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Awabakal_language" title="Awabakal language">Awabakal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugambeh%E2%80%93Bundjalung_languages" title="Yugambeh–Bundjalung languages">Bandjalang <span style="font-size:85%;">(or Bundjalung)</span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Darkinjung_language" title="Darkinjung language">Darkinjung</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dharug_language" title="Dharug language">Dharug <span style="font-size:85%;">(or Eora)</span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dyirringany_language" title="Dyirringany language">Dyirringany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gamilaraay_language" title="Gamilaraay language">Gamilaraay <span style="font-size:85%;">(or Yuwaaliyaay)</span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Madhi_Madhi_language" title="Madhi Madhi language">Madhi Madhi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anewan_language" title="Anewan language">Nganywyana</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngiyambaa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngiyambaa language">Ngiyambaa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ngunnawal_language" title="Ngunnawal language">Ngunnawal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tharawal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tharawal language">Tharawal <span style="font-size:85%;">(or Dharawal)</span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wemba_Wemba_language" title="Wemba Wemba language">Wemba Wemba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wiradjuri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Worimi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Worimi language">Worimi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugambeh_language" title="Yugambeh language">Yugambeh</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nowrap">See also</span></dt> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_Aboriginal_group_names" title="List of Australian Aboriginal group names">List of Australian Aboriginal group names</a></span></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist" style="font-weight: bold;"> <dl><dt><span class="nowrap">By state or territory</span></dt> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_New_South_Wales" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples in New South Wales">New South Wales</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Queensland" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Queensland">Queensland</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_South_Australians" title="Template:Aboriginal South Australians">South Australia</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_in_Tasmania" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples in Tasmania">Tasmania</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Victoria_(state)" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Victoria (state)">Victoria</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Western_Australia" title="Template:Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></span></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pama–Nyungan_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Template:Pama–Nyungan languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Template talk:Pama–Nyungan languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pama–Nyungan languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pama–Nyungan_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Paman_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Paman_languages" title="Paman languages">Paman languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adithinngithigh_language" title="Adithinngithigh language">Adithinngithigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andjingith_language" title="Andjingith language">Andjingith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguthimri_language" title="Anguthimri language">Anguthimri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arritinngithigh_language" title="Arritinngithigh language">Arritinngithigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awngthim_language" title="Awngthim language">Awngthim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luthigh_language" title="Luthigh language">Luthigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbiywom_language" title="Mbiywom language">Mbiywom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndrangith_language" title="Ndrangith language">Ndrangith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngkoth_language" title="Ngkoth language">Ngkoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uradhi_language" title="Uradhi language">Uradhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Northeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umpila_language" title="Umpila language">Umpila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Wik_languages" title="Wik languages">Wik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayabadhu_language" title="Ayabadhu language">Ayabadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugu_Nganhcara_language" title="Kugu Nganhcara language">Kugu-Muminh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakanha_language" title="Pakanha language">Pakanha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wik-Me%27nh_language" title="Wik-Me'nh language">Wik-Me'nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wik_Mungkan_language" title="Wik Mungkan language">Wik-Mungkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wik-Ngathan_language" title="Wik-Ngathan language">Wik-Ngathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wik_Ompom_language" title="Wik Ompom language">Wik-Ompom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Lamalamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamalama_language" title="Lamalama language">Lamalama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrobolam_language" title="Morrobolam language">Morrobolam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Yalanjic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrow_Point_language" title="Barrow Point language">Barrow Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guugu_Yalandji_language" title="Guugu Yalandji language">Gugu Yalandyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guugu_Yimithirr_language" title="Guugu Yimithirr language">Guugu Yimidhirr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Paman_languages" title="Southwestern Paman languages">Southwest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koko-Bera_language" title="Koko-Bera language">Koko-Bera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugu_Dhaw_language" title="Gugu Dhaw language">Kok Thawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunjen_language" title="Kunjen language">Kunjen</a> <ul><li>Ogh-Undjan</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuuk_Thaayorre_language" title="Kuuk Thaayorre language">Kuuk Thaayorre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuuk_Yak_language" title="Kuuk Yak language">Kuuk Yak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yir-Yoront_language" title="Yir-Yoront language">Yir-Yoront</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Norman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurdjar_language" title="Gurdjar language">Kurtjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gkuthaarn_language" title="Gkuthaarn language">Kuthant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Thaypan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alungul_language" title="Alungul language">Alungul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angkula_language" title="Angkula language">Angkula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghu_Tharrnggala_language" title="Aghu Tharrnggala language">Aghu Tharrnggala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikarranggal_language" title="Ikarranggal language">Ikarranggal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalaka_language" title="Tagalaka language">Takalak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugu_Thaypan_language" title="Gugu Thaypan language">Thaypan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wamin_language" title="Wamin language">Agwamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbara-Yanga_language" title="Mbara-Yanga language">Mbara-Yanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbabaram_language" title="Mbabaram language">Mbabaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walangama_language" title="Walangama language">Walangama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djabugay_language" title="Djabugay language">Djabugay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flinders_Island_language" title="Flinders Island language">Flinders Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukatj_language" title="Kukatj language">Gugadj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kok-Nar_language" title="Kok-Nar language">Kok Narr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbariman-Gudhinma_language" title="Mbariman-Gudhinma language">Mbariman-Gudhinma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umpithamu_language" title="Umpithamu language">Umbindhamu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Eastern_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_states_of_Australia" title="Eastern states of Australia">Eastern</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Dyirbalic_languages" title="Dyirbalic languages">Dyirbalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyirbal_language" title="Dyirbal language">Dyirbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyawaygi_language" title="Nyawaygi language">Nyawaygi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrgamay_language" title="Warrgamay language">Warrgamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulguru_language" title="Wulguru language">Wulguru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Maric_languages" title="Maric languages">Maric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidjara_language" title="Bidjara language">Bidjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biri_language" title="Biri language">Biri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingkel_languages" title="Kingkel languages">Kingkel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayali_language" title="Bayali language">Bayali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darumbal_language" title="Darumbal language">Darumbal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrongo_language" title="Warrongo language">Warrongo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Waka%E2%80%93Kabic_languages" title="Waka–Kabic languages">Waka–Kabic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barunggam_language" title="Barunggam language">Barunggam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulua_language" title="Tulua language">Dappil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubbi_Gubbi_language" title="Gubbi Gubbi language">Gabi-Gabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taribelang_language" title="Taribelang language">Gureng Gureng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakka_Wakka_language" title="Wakka Wakka language">Wakawaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulli_Wulli_language" title="Wulli Wulli language">Wuliwuli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Durubalic_languages" title="Durubalic languages">Durubalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guwar_language" title="Guwar language">Guwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janday_language" title="Janday language">Janday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunukul_language" title="Nunukul language">Nunukul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turrbal_language" title="Turrbal language">Turrbal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Gumbaynggiric_languages" title="Gumbaynggiric languages">Gumbaynggiric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumbainggar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumbainggar language">Kumbainggar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaygir_language" title="Yaygir language">Yaygir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Wiradhuric_languages" title="Wiradhuric languages">Wiradhuric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamilaraay_language" title="Gamilaraay language">Gamilaraay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngiyambaa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngiyambaa language">Ngiyambaa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wiradjuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Yuin%E2%80%93Kuric_languages" title="Yuin–Kuric languages">Yuin–Kuric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awabakal_language" title="Awabakal language">Awabakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkinjung_language" title="Darkinjung language">Darkinjung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharug_language" title="Dharug language">Dharug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanggati_language" title="Dhanggati language">Dhanggati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarigo_language" title="Ngarigo language">Ngarigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngunnawal_language" title="Ngunnawal language">Ngunnawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharawal_languages" title="Tharawal languages">Tharawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worimi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Worimi language">Wormi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Gippsland_languages" title="Gippsland languages">Gippsland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhudhuroa_language" title="Dhudhuroa language">Dhudhuroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunaikurnai_language" title="Gunaikurnai language">Gunaikurnai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallanganmiddang_language" title="Pallanganmiddang language">Pallanganmiddang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anewan_language" title="Anewan language">Anewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugambeh%E2%80%93Bundjalung_languages" title="Yugambeh–Bundjalung languages">Bandjalang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaw_Lagaw_Ya" title="Kalaw Lagaw Ya">Kalaw Lagaw Ya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidiny_language" title="Yidiny language">Yidiny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Southern_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Australia" title="Southern Australia">Southern</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Yotayotic_languages" title="Yotayotic languages">Yotayotic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yabula-Yabula_language" title="Yabula-Yabula language">Yabula-Yabula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorta_Yorta_language" title="Yorta Yorta language">Yotayota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kulinic_languages" title="Kulinic languages">Kulinic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gulidjan_language" title="Gulidjan language">Kolakngat</a> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kulin_languages" title="Kulin languages">Kulin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boonwurrung_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Boonwurrung language">Bunurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djadjawurrung_language" title="Djadjawurrung language">Dja Dja Wurrung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latji-Latji_language" title="Latji-Latji language">Ledji-Ledji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhi_Madhi_language" title="Madhi Madhi language">Madhi-Madhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Wadi_language" title="Wadi Wadi language">Wadi-Wadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadawurrung_language" title="Wadawurrung language">Wathaurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemba_Wemba_language" title="Wemba Wemba language">Wemba Wemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woiwurrung%E2%80%93Taungurung_language" title="Woiwurrung–Taungurung language">Woiwurrung–Taungurung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drual_languages" title="Drual languages">Drual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bungandidj_language" title="Bungandidj language">Bungandidj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhauwurd_Wurrung_language" title="Dhauwurd Wurrung language">Dhauwurd Wurrung</a> <ul><li>Kuurn Kopan Noot</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaran_language" title="Yaran language">Yaran</a> (Bindjali)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Murray_languages" title="Lower Murray languages">Lower Murray</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kureinji_language" title="Kureinji language">Keramin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngayawung_language" title="Ngayawung language">Ngayawung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarrindjeri_language" title="Ngarrindjeri language">Yaralde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitha_Yitha_language" title="Yitha Yitha language">Yitha-Yitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyu_language" title="Yuyu language">Yuyu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Thura-Yura_languages" title="Thura-Yura languages">Thura-Yura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adnyamathanha_language" title="Adnyamathanha language">Adnyamathanha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barngarla_language" title="Barngarla language">Barngarla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaurna_language" title="Kaurna language">Kaurna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnyamathanha_language" title="Adnyamathanha language">Kuyani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narungga_language" title="Narungga language">Narungga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauo_language" title="Nauo language">Nauo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngadjuri_language" title="Ngadjuri language">Ngadjuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukunu_language" title="Nukunu language">Nukunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirangu_language" title="Wirangu language">Wirangu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Mirning_languages" title="Mirning languages">Mirniny</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirning_language" title="Mirning language">Mirning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngadjunmaya_language" title="Ngadjunmaya language">Ngadjunmaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Nyungic_languages" title="Nyungic languages">Nyungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galaagu_language" title="Galaagu language">Galaagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaamaya_language" title="Kalaamaya language">Kalaamaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natingero_language" title="Natingero language">Natingero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noongar_language" title="Noongar language">Nyungar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Western_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kartu_languages" title="Kartu languages">Kartu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badimaya_language" title="Badimaya language">Badimaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malgana_language" title="Malgana language">Malgana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thaagurda_language" title="Thaagurda language">Thaagurda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nhanda_language" title="Nhanda language">Nhanda</a>–<a href="/wiki/Nhanhagardi_language" title="Nhanhagardi language">Nhanhagardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wajarri_language" title="Wajarri language">Wajarri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinggarda_language" title="Yinggarda language">Yinggarda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kanyara%E2%80%93Mantharta_languages" title="Kanyara–Mantharta languages">Kanyara–Mantharta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanyara_languages" title="Kanyara languages">Kanyara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burduna_language" title="Burduna language">Burduna</a>–Baiyungu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalanyji_language" title="Thalanyji language">Thalanyji</a>–Pinikura</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantharta_language" title="Mantharta language">Mantharta</a> <ul><li>Tharrgari</li> <li>Warriyangka</li> <li>Thiin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiwarli_dialect" title="Jiwarli dialect">Jiwarli</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ngayarda_languages" title="Ngayarda languages">Ngayarta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurruru_language" title="Jurruru language">Jurruru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrama_language" title="Kurrama language">Kurrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martuthunira_language" title="Martuthunira language">Martuthunira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarla_language" title="Ngarla language">Ngarla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarluma_language" title="Ngarluma language">Ngarluma-Kariyarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nhuwala_language" title="Nhuwala language">Nhuwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyamal_language" title="Nyamal language">Nyamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyiyaparli_language" title="Nyiyaparli language">Nyiyaparli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyjima_language" title="Panyjima language">Panyjima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinjibarndi_language" title="Yinjibarndi language">Yindjibarndi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinhawangka_language" title="Yinhawangka language">Yinhawangka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Marrngu_languages" title="Marrngu languages">Marrngu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garadjari_language" title="Garadjari language">Karajarri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarla_language" title="Mangarla language">Mangala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyangumarta_language" title="Nyangumarta language">Nyangumarta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Northern_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Australia" title="Northern Australia">Northern</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ngumpin%E2%80%93Yapa_languages" title="Ngumpin–Yapa languages">Ngumpin–Yapa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngarrkic_languages" title="Ngarrkic languages">Ngarrga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngumbin_languages" title="Ngumbin languages">Ngumbin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Warumungu_language" title="Warumungu language">Warumungu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warumungu_language" title="Warumungu language">Warumungu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ngarna_languages" title="Ngarna languages">Warluwaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wagaya_language" title="Wagaya language">Wagaya</a> <ul><li>Bularnu</li> <li>Yindjilandji</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warluwarra_language" title="Warluwarra language">Warluwarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanyuwa_language" title="Yanyuwa language">Yanyuwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kalkatungic_languages" title="Kalkatungic languages">Kalkatungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalkatungu_language" title="Kalkatungu language">Kalkatungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalarnnga_language" title="Yalarnnga language">Yalarnnga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Mayabic_languages" title="Mayabic languages">Mayi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayi-Kulan_language" title="Mayi-Kulan language">Mayi-Kulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayi-Kutuna_language" title="Mayi-Kutuna language">Mayi-Kutuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawun_language" title="Ngawun language">Ngawun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Central_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Central_Australia" title="Central Australia">Central</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Wati_languages" title="Wati languages">Wati</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngardi_language" title="Ngardi language">Ngardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warnman_language" title="Warnman language">Wanman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_language" title="Western Desert language">Western Desert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Arandic_languages" title="Arandic languages">Arandic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrernte_language" title="Arrernte language">Arrernte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaytetye_language" title="Kaytetye language">Kaytetye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Arrernte_language" title="Lower Arrernte language">Lower Arrernte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertame_language" title="Pertame language">Pertame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Karnic_languages" title="Karnic languages">Karnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabana_language" title="Arabana language">Arabana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyari_language" title="Diyari language">Diyari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithaka_language" title="Mithaka language">Mithaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngamini_language" title="Ngamini language">Ngamini</a> <ul><li>Yarluyandi</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngura_languages" title="Ngura languages">Ngura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitta_Pitta_language" title="Pitta Pitta language">Pitta Pitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanggamala_language" title="Wanggamala language">Wanggamala</a> <ul><li>Wangka-Yutjurru</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_River_language" title="Wilson River language">Wilson River</a> <ul><li>Bundhamara</li> <li>new Wangkumara/Garlali</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandruwandha_language" title="Yandruwandha language">Yandruwandha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paakantyi_language" title="Paakantyi language">Baagandji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalali_language" title="Kalali language">Bulloo River</a> <ul><li>old Wangkumara/Garlali</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muruwari_language" title="Muruwari language">Muruwari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barranbinja_language" title="Barranbinja language">Barranbinja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarli_language" title="Yarli language">Yardli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Other_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Yol%C5%8Bu_languages" title="Yolŋu languages">Yolŋu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhangu-Djangu_language" title="Dhangu-Djangu language">Dhaŋu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhuwal_language" title="Dhuwal language">Dhuwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhangu-Djangu_language" title="Dhangu-Djangu language">Djaŋu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djinba_language" title="Djinba language">Djinba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djinang_language" title="Djinang language">Djinaŋ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritharrngu_language" title="Ritharrngu language">Ritharrŋu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nhangu_language" title="Nhangu language">Nhaŋu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Burdekin_languages" title="Lower Burdekin languages">Lower Burdekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindal_language" title="Bindal language">Bindal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Macro-Pama–Nyungan?" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Macro-Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Macro-Pama–Nyungan languages">Macro-Pama–Nyungan?</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Macro-Gunwinyguan_languages" title="Macro-Gunwinyguan languages">Macro-Gunwinyguan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maningrida_languages" title="Maningrida languages">Maningrida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burarra_language" title="Burarra language">Burarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndj%C3%A9bbana_language" title="Ndjébbana language">Ndjébbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurr-Goni_language" title="Gurr-Goni language">Gurr-goni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakkara_language" title="Nakkara language">Nakkara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mangarrayi-Marran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawa_language" title="Alawa language">Alawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarrayi_language" title="Mangarrayi language">Mangarrayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marra_language" title="Marra language">Marra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warndarrang_language" title="Warndarrang language">Warndarrang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugul_language" title="Yugul language">Yugul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gunwinyguan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawoyn_language" title="Jawoyn language">Jawoyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwinymil_language" title="Uwinymil language">Uwinymil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warray_language" title="Warray language">Waray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwinjku_dialect" title="Kunwinjku dialect">Kunwinjku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalabon_language" title="Dalabon language">Dalabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunbarlang_language" title="Gunbarlang language">Kunbarlang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngalakgan_language" title="Ngalakgan language">Ngalakgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rembarrnga_language" title="Rembarrnga language">Rembarrnga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngandi_language" title="Ngandi language">Ngandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunggubuyu_language" title="Nunggubuyu language">Nunggubuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anindilyakwa_language" title="Anindilyakwa language">Anindilyakwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaagudju_language" title="Gaagudju language">Gaagudju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kungarakany_language" title="Kungarakany language">Kungarakany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardaman_language" title="Wardaman language">Wardaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagiman_language" title="Wagiman language">Wagiman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Tangkic_languages" title="Tangkic languages">Tangkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kayardild_language" title="Kayardild language">Kayardild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lardil_language" title="Lardil language">Lardil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingginda_language" title="Mingginda language">Minkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukulta_language" title="Yukulta language">Gangalidda (Yukulta)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Garawan_languages" title="Garawan languages">Garrwan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garrwa_language" title="Garrwa language">Garrwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunindiri_language" title="Gunindiri language">Gunindiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waanyi_language" title="Waanyi language">Waanyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&oldid=1258827404">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wiradjuri_language&oldid=1258827404</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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