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a{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;font-size:0.75rem;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}</style><nav class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 MuiBreadcrumbs-root css-zmi5yr" aria-label="breadcrumb"><style data-emotion="css nhb8h9">.css-nhb8h9{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none;}</style><ol class="MuiBreadcrumbs-ol css-nhb8h9"><li class="MuiBreadcrumbs-li"><style data-emotion="css 1npbk5i">.css-1npbk5i{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 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class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-h2 css-t21enm">Chopin, Fryderyk Franciszek</h1><style data-emotion="css 1m36rd1">.css-1m36rd1{margin:0;font-weight:700;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1.4375rem;line-height:2rem;padding-top:0.625rem;padding-bottom:1rem;color:#ffffff;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-1m36rd1{font-size:2.125rem;line-height:2.5rem;}}</style><h5 class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-h5 HeroBase_leadP__0yoSv css-1m36rd1">Enciclopedia on line</h5></div></div><style data-emotion="css 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href="https://images.treccani.it/ext-tool/extra/images/7/74/74c81e915d68fe4797d4664ed33ac4a4.jpg"> <img src="https://images.treccani.it/ext-tool/extra/thumbs_medium/7/74/74c81e915d68fe4797d4664ed33ac4a4.jpg" alt="Pubblico dominio" class="content-img" width="NaN" height="NaN" style="object-fit:contain"/> </a></div></div><div class="paywall term-paragraph0 Term_elTermParagraph__jPdF6 MuiBox-root css-0"><style data-emotion="css d8t48w">.css-d8t48w{margin:0;font-weight:300;font-family:Avenir,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-2%;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.75rem;}@media (min-width:992px){.css-d8t48w{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:2rem;}}.css-d8t48w:not(:last-of-type){margin-bottom:1.5rem;}</style><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-bodyL css-d8t48w">Musicista (Żelazowa Wola, presso Varsavia, 1810 - Parigi 1849). Figlio di un insegnante francese (di Nancy), Nicolas Ch., e della <a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;text-decoration:underline;color:#93282C" href="/enciclopedia/polacca/">polacca</a> Justina Krzyżanowska. Precocissimo pianista (allievo di A. Živny) e compositore (allievo di J. Elssner), iniziò per tempo la pubblica attività di concertista. Dopo qualche soggiorno in patria e fuori (Vienna), si stabilì dal 1831 a Parigi. Rapida fu la sua ascesa alla gloria di pianista e di compositore che non ebbe eclissi nonostante le traversie economiche e le infermità. Dolcezze e angosce d&#x27;amore (nelle relazioni con Costanza Gladkowska, Marja Wodzińska e Aurora Dudevant, cioè George Sand), e rimpianti della patria lontana, allora oppressa dai Russi, impressero nella sua vita e nella sua arte i segni più costanti e più profondi. Il mondo musicale, allorché l&#x27;arte di Ch. cominciò a imporsi, era ormai orientato verso il romanticismo; Ch. fu uno dei maggiori creatori della nuova vita musicale. La sua arte, pur delineandosi in forme di classica euritmia, di assoluta solidità costruttiva, si libera completamente da ogni influenza scolastica, volgendosi a manifestare anche nella <a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;text-decoration:underline;color:#93282C" href="/enciclopedia/musica/">musica</a> pianistica - fino allora alquanto vincolata dalle tradizioni tecniche del <a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;text-decoration:underline;color:#93282C" href="/enciclopedia/clavicembalo/">clavicembalo</a> - il nuovo senso romantico, e a valorizzare il colore armonico. F. Liszt, J. Brahms, lo stesso C. Debussy, non sono immaginabili ove si dimentichi la precedenza chopiniana. L&#x27;<a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;text-decoration:underline;color:#93282C" href="/enciclopedia/opera/">opera</a> di Ch. è quasi tutta destinata al pianoforte e infatti i suoi caratteri richiedono, per la propria emersione, il <a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;text-decoration:underline;color:#93282C" href="/enciclopedia/timbro/">timbro</a> e le particolari risorse del pianoforte. Con Ch. si rinnovano, di questo <a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;text-decoration:underline;color:#93282C" href="/enciclopedia/strumento/">strumento</a>, e la tecnica e la scrittura, con i larghi arpeggi, le melodie a larghi intervalli, l&#x27;improvviso passare da un&#x27;<a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;text-decoration:underline;color:#93282C" href="/enciclopedia/ottava/">ottava</a> all&#x27;altra, il dilagare di tutti i disegni sonori della composizione lungo tutta la tastiera. E, d&#x27;altro lato, questi modi stilistici strumentali sono nel tempo stesso modi di composizione: dalla melodia, che in Ch. s&#x27;abbellisce di volute, d&#x27;arabeschi, si nutre di gradazioni cromatiche, di sottili alterazioni, di larghi intervalli, al <a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;text-decoration:underline;color:#93282C" href="/enciclopedia/ritmo/">ritmo</a>: quel ritmo a vaste ondulazioni (si pensi al &quot;rubato&quot;), che più che dalla battuta è spiegato dal respiro stesso della <a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;text-decoration:underline;color:#93282C" href="/enciclopedia/frase/">frase</a> melodica, e che difficilmente sarebbe realizzabile se non nel regno del pianoforte solo; all&#x27;<a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;text-decoration:underline;color:#93282C" href="/enciclopedia/armonia/">armonia</a> infine, che anche più degli altri elementi chiamava tale strumento: Ch. seppe infatti creare un mondo armonico incantato e sognante. I suoi accordi non si riproducono, ma variano per infinite sfumature, le modulazioni giungono di sorpresa e conducono la melodia attraverso <a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;text-decoration:underline;color:#93282C" href="/enciclopedia/tonalita/">tonalità</a> lontane, sprigionando una atmosfera di meraviglia, d&#x27;imprevisto: un&#x27;armonia che, per vivere, come essa vive, fuori di qualsiasi consequenzialità contrappuntistica, ha bisogno d&#x27;essere concentrata nei limiti d&#x27;un solo strumento. Le forme preferite da Ch. sono quelle che gli consentono maggiore libertà di movimento: forme, comunque, riconducibili agli schemi della Canzone o della Canzone in Rondò. Le differenze tra <style data-emotion="css uehu9e">.css-uehu9e{margin:0;font-style:italic;font-size:inherit;}</style><em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Preludi</em>, <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Notturni</em>, <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Scherzi</em>, <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Ballate</em>, <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Improvvisi</em>, ecc. sono, più che di schema, di carattere, e così si dica anche delle varie danze: <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Walzer</em>, <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Mazurke</em>, <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Polacche</em>, di cui è costellata l&#x27;opera di lui. Le <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Sonate </em>sono rare: le tre per pianoforte solo e i due <em class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-italic css-uehu9e">Concerti </em>per pianoforte e <a style="vertical-align:baseline;font-size:inherit;text-decoration:underline;color:#93282C" href="/enciclopedia/orchestra/">orchestra</a> mostrano del resto (nonostante le loro fulgide bellezze) la legittimità della preferenza chopiniana per le forme libere e per la composizione breve. </p></div><div class="paywall term-paragraph1 Term_elTermParagraph__jPdF6 MuiBox-root css-0"> <table summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto" class="sinottico"></table> </div><style data-emotion="css fm1z82">.css-fm1z82{width:100%;margin-left:auto;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:auto;display:block;padding-left:0.125rem;padding-right:0.125rem;padding-left:0!important;padding-right:0!important;}@media 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dominio","caption":null,"author":null,"path":"/7/74/74c81e915d68fe4797d4664ed33ac4a4.jpg","id":"13105","description":"Fryderyk Chopin ritratto da Ary Scheffer, prima metà 19° secolo, Château de Versailles, Francia","thumb":"/7/74/74c81e915d68fe4797d4664ed33ac4a4.jpg"}],"titolo4url":"fryderyk-franciszek-chopin","voc_matches":[{"query":"chopine","url":"https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/chopine","section":"vocabolario","title":"chopine","abstract":" chopine \n \n〈šopìn〉 s. f., fr. [dim. di chope (v.)]. – Misura francese di capacità (mezzo litro), detta anche sétier.\n \n","opera":""}],"content":"\u003cp\u003eMusicista (Żelazowa Wola, presso Varsavia, 1810 - Parigi 1849). Figlio di un insegnante francese (di Nancy), Nicolas Ch., e della \u003ca href=\"/enciclopedia/polacca\"\u003epolacca\u003c/a\u003e Justina Krzyżanowska. Precocissimo pianista (allievo di A. Živny) e compositore (allievo di J. Elssner), iniziò per tempo la pubblica attività di concertista. Dopo qualche soggiorno in patria e fuori (Vienna), si stabilì dal 1831 a Parigi. Rapida fu la sua ascesa alla gloria di pianista e di compositore che non ebbe eclissi nonostante le traversie economiche e le infermità. Dolcezze e angosce d'amore (nelle relazioni con Costanza Gladkowska, Marja Wodzińska e Aurora Dudevant, cioè George Sand), e rimpianti della patria lontana, allora oppressa dai Russi, impressero nella sua vita e nella sua arte i segni più costanti e più profondi. Il mondo musicale, allorché l'arte di Ch. cominciò a imporsi, era ormai orientato verso il romanticismo; Ch. fu uno dei maggiori creatori della nuova vita musicale. La sua arte, pur delineandosi in forme di classica euritmia, di assoluta solidità costruttiva, si libera completamente da ogni influenza scolastica, volgendosi a manifestare anche nella \u003ca href=\"/enciclopedia/musica\"\u003emusica\u003c/a\u003e pianistica - fino allora alquanto vincolata dalle tradizioni tecniche del \u003ca href=\"/enciclopedia/clavicembalo\"\u003eclavicembalo\u003c/a\u003e - il nuovo senso romantico, e a valorizzare il colore armonico. F. Liszt, J. Brahms, lo stesso C. Debussy, non sono immaginabili ove si dimentichi la precedenza chopiniana. L'\u003ca href=\"/enciclopedia/opera\"\u003eopera\u003c/a\u003e di Ch. è quasi tutta destinata al pianoforte e infatti i suoi caratteri richiedono, per la propria emersione, il \u003ca href=\"/enciclopedia/timbro\"\u003etimbro\u003c/a\u003e e le particolari risorse del pianoforte. Con Ch. si rinnovano, di questo \u003ca href=\"/enciclopedia/strumento\"\u003estrumento\u003c/a\u003e, e la tecnica e la scrittura, con i larghi arpeggi, le melodie a larghi intervalli, l'improvviso passare da un'\u003ca href=\"/enciclopedia/ottava\"\u003eottava\u003c/a\u003e all'altra, il dilagare di tutti i disegni sonori della composizione lungo tutta la tastiera. E, d'altro lato, questi modi stilistici strumentali sono nel tempo stesso modi di composizione: dalla melodia, che in Ch. s'abbellisce di volute, d'arabeschi, si nutre di gradazioni cromatiche, di sottili alterazioni, di larghi intervalli, al \u003ca href=\"/enciclopedia/ritmo\"\u003eritmo\u003c/a\u003e: quel ritmo a vaste ondulazioni (si pensi al \"rubato\"), che più che dalla battuta è spiegato dal respiro stesso della \u003ca href=\"/enciclopedia/frase\"\u003efrase\u003c/a\u003e melodica, e che difficilmente sarebbe realizzabile se non nel regno del pianoforte solo; all'\u003ca href=\"/enciclopedia/armonia\"\u003earmonia\u003c/a\u003e infine, che anche più degli altri elementi chiamava tale strumento: Ch. seppe infatti creare un mondo armonico incantato e sognante. I suoi accordi non si riproducono, ma variano per infinite sfumature, le modulazioni giungono di sorpresa e conducono la melodia attraverso \u003ca href=\"/enciclopedia/tonalita\"\u003etonalità\u003c/a\u003e lontane, sprigionando una atmosfera di meraviglia, d'imprevisto: un'armonia che, per vivere, come essa vive, fuori di qualsiasi consequenzialità contrappuntistica, ha bisogno d'essere concentrata nei limiti d'un solo strumento. Le forme preferite da Ch. sono quelle che gli consentono maggiore libertà di movimento: forme, comunque, riconducibili agli schemi della Canzone o della Canzone in Rondò. Le differenze tra \u003ci\u003ePreludi\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eNotturni\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eScherzi\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eBallate\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eImprovvisi\u003c/i\u003e, ecc. sono, più che di schema, di carattere, e così si dica anche delle varie danze: \u003ci\u003eWalzer\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eMazurke\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003ePolacche\u003c/i\u003e, di cui è costellata l'opera di lui. Le \u003ci\u003eSonate \u003c/i\u003esono rare: le tre per pianoforte solo e i due \u003ci\u003eConcerti \u003c/i\u003eper pianoforte e \u003ca href=\"/enciclopedia/orchestra\"\u003eorchestra\u003c/a\u003e mostrano del resto (nonostante le loro fulgide bellezze) la legittimità della preferenza chopiniana per le forme libere e per la composizione breve.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"sinottico\" style=\"\" summary=\"Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto\"\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c!-- DEBUG --\u003e\n \u003c!-- 21549759-86d5-11dc-9a1b-0016357eee51 --\u003e\n \u003c!-- /sites/default/BancaDati/Enciclopedia_online/C/Biografie_-_Edicola_Chopin_1026120627.xml --\u003e","categories":[{"cat3_label":"biografie","cat2":"musica","cat3":"biografie","cat1":"arte_lingua_e_letteratura","section":"enciclopedia","cat1_label":"arte lingua e letteratura","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/arte_lingua_e_letteratura/musica/biografie","cat2_label":"musica"}],"author":"","opera":"Enciclopedie on line","meta":{"html":{"title":"Chopin, Fryderyk Franciszek nell'Enciclopedia Treccani","description":"Musicista (Żelazowa Wola, presso Varsavia, 1810 - Parigi 1849). 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Rapida fu la sua ascesa alla gloria di pianista e di compositore che non ebbe eclissi nonostante le traversie economiche e","image":"https://images.treccani.it/enc/media/images/social-120x120.jpg"},"facebook":{"url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/fryderyk-franciszek-chopin","type":"website","title":"Chopin, Fryderyk Franciszek","description":"Musicista (Żelazowa Wola, presso Varsavia, 1810 - Parigi 1849). Figlio di un insegnante francese (di Nancy), Nicolas Ch., e della polacca Justina Krzyżanowska. Precocissimo pianista (allievo di A. Živny) e compositore (allievo di J. Elssner), iniziò per tempo la pubblica attività di concertista. Dopo qualche soggiorno in patria e fuori (Vienna), si stabilì dal 1831 a Parigi. 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Ferenc) von. - Musicista (Raiding, Sopron, 1811 - Bayreuth 1886). Studiò con C. Černy, A. Salieri, F. Paër e A. Reicha. Ventenne, fu spinto dall'ascolto in concerto di N. Paganini a rinnovare la propria arte pianistica, alla quale esperienza seguì quella del contatto con Liszt, ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"sonata","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/sonata","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"0f7c3f0a-edd2-11df-9962-d5ce3506d72e","title":"sonata","abstract":"In musica, composizione strumentale, variamente modificatasi nel corso dei secoli, articolata in uno o più movimenti a carattere contrastante. ● Il termine sonata comparve nel Cinquecento a indicare un brano strumentale ‘da sonare’ anziché ‘da cantare’. All’inizio del 17° sec. si distinsero la sonata ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"notturno","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/notturno","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"a9fa3232-e19f-11df-9ef0-d5ce3506d72e","title":"notturno","abstract":"L’ufficiatura, che nella Chiesa antica si teneva di notte e constava di 9 salmi e 9 lezioni; oggi viene denominato ufficio delle letture e consta di 3 salmi e 2 letture. \n● Composizione strumentale che nel 18° sec. era divisa in più movimenti, analogamente alla serenata e alla cassazione. Dal 19° sec. ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"polacca","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/polacca","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"34d5a30e-e1cf-11df-9ef0-d5ce3506d72e","title":"polacca","abstract":"Danza tradizionale in Polonia fin dal 16° secolo. Il ritmo è di 3/4; il movimento in andante mosso; il carattere tra il marziale e il brillante. Esempi celebri di polacca si trovano in J.S. Bach, L. van Beethoven e F.F. Chopin. È molto nota anche con il nome francese di polonaise.","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"concerto","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/concerto","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"27dbcdde-962b-11de-baff-0016357eee51","title":"concerto","abstract":"Tipo di composizione musicale oppure intrattenimento pubblico o privato dedicato all’ascolto di musica. \n1. Cenni storici\nLo sviluppo storico del concerto come composizione musicale appare strettamente legato a quello del basso continuo, come dimostra il titolo della raccolta di L. Grossi da Viadana ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"preludio","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/preludio","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"3bd35202-e1d6-11df-9ef0-d5ce3506d72e","title":"preludio","abstract":"Brano strumentale in forma libera e a carattere introduttivo che precede una suite, una fuga, un atto d’opera; può essere anche una composizione a sé stante. ● L’uso di un preludio era frequente nelle composizioni degli aedi per trovare l’intonazione. Dalla civiltà greca quest’uso passò alle pratiche ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"mazurka","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/mazurka","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"740a88ca-e035-11df-9ef0-d5ce3506d72e","title":"mazurka","abstract":"(o mazurca) Danza nazionale polacca, originaria della regione della Masovia. Di ritmo ternario (misura 3/4), è formata da 2 o 4 parti di 8 misure, che vengono ripetute. Il movimento, più lento di quello del valzer, è caratterizzato da un accento forte sul secondo o sul terzo tempo di ogni battuta. Si ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"valzer","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/valzer","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"19a8c24f-082f-11e0-9962-d5ce3506d72e","title":"valzer","abstract":"Danza in tempo ternario e di andamento variabile che si balla in coppia. Nato probabilmente in Austria e nella Germania meridionale nella seconda metà del 18° sec., il valzer si diffuse rapidamente in tutta Europa. Il suo sviluppo seguì due correnti: quella del ballabile e quella della composizione pura. ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"pianoforte","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/pianoforte","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"f5ecc32c-e1c7-11df-9ef0-d5ce3506d72e","title":"pianoforte","abstract":"Strumento musicale cordofono, in cui le corde vengono percosse da martelletti azionati tramite una tastiera. L’interruzione del suono è provocata da smorzatori al momento del rilascio del tasto. Deve il suo nome alla possibilità di graduare l’intensità del suono. \n● Il primo pianoforte, realizzato nel ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"},{"query":"violoncello","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/violoncello","section":"enciclopedia","treccani_id":"2d1386a0-0838-11e0-9962-d5ce3506d72e","title":"violoncello","abstract":"Strumento musicale ad arco, con 4 corde accordate per quinta (do1, sol1, re2, la2), appartenente alla famiglia del violino, della viola e del contrabbasso, nella quale occupa il posto del tenore o del baritono, con un’estensione dal do1 al mi5. Derivato nel 16° sec. dalla viola da gamba di registro basso, ...","opera":"Enciclopedie on line"}],"insights":[{"query":"fryderyk-chopin_(Enciclopedia-dei-ragazzi)","url":"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/fryderyk-chopin_(Enciclopedia-dei-ragazzi)","title":"Chopin, Fryderyk","section":"enciclopedia","abstract":"Raffaele Pozzi\n\nIl suono nuovo del pianoforte romantico\nPianista e compositore polacco dell'Ottocento, Chopin visse a Parigi nel clima culturale romantico. La sua opera, tutta dedicata al pianoforte, trasformò profondamente la tecnica e la sonorità dello strumento. 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