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dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A114_Koutcha_TIV_1ar_(8627360241).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/A114_Koutcha_TIV_1ar_%288627360241%29.jpg/220px-A114_Koutcha_TIV_1ar_%288627360241%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/A114_Koutcha_TIV_1ar_%288627360241%29.jpg/330px-A114_Koutcha_TIV_1ar_%288627360241%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/A114_Koutcha_TIV_1ar_%288627360241%29.jpg/440px-A114_Koutcha_TIV_1ar_%288627360241%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3672" data-file-height="1888" /></a><figcaption>A "Han Gui bilingual Wu Zhu coin" (漢龜二體五銖錢) produced by the Kingdom of Kucha with both a Chinese and a Kuśiññe inscription.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kucha coinage</b> was produced in the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Kucha" title="Kucha">Kucha</a>, a Buddhist, <a href="/wiki/Tocharian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tocharian language">Tocharian</a>-speaking state located in the <a href="/wiki/Tarim_Basin" title="Tarim Basin">Tarim Basin</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Kuqa,_Xinjiang" title="Kuqa, Xinjiang">Kucha County, Xinjiang</a>), during the 1st millennium CE. </p><p>There are five known types of Kucha cash coins, all of them based on Chinese <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhu" title="Wu Zhu">Wu Zhu</a>. These coins are usually characterized by their diminutive size and thin shape. They are generally believed to have been produced between the years 265 and 589. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_kingdom">The kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kucha_coinage&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Kingdom of Kucha was first recorded during the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> and was later annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a>. During its existence, it was a prominent player on the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>. From around the third or fourth century, the Kingdom of Kucha began to manufacture <a href="/wiki/Cash_(Chinese_coin)" title="Cash (Chinese coin)">Chinese-style cash coins</a> inspired by the diminutive and devalued Wu Zhu currency of the post-<a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> era. It is very likely that the cash coins produced in Kucha predate the <a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan_Tongbao" title="Kaiyuan Tongbao">Kaiyuan Tongbao</a> (開元通寳) and that the native production of coins stopped sometime after the year 621 when the Wu Zhu cash coins were discontinued in <a href="/wiki/China_proper" title="China proper">China proper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coin_description">Coin description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kucha_coinage&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Coin description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are five known types of Kucha cash coins based on Chinese Wu Zhu. These coins are usually characterized by their diminutive size and thin shape. Four types tend to have no inscriptions at all, while one type of coin is the "Han Gui bilingual Wu Zhu coin" (漢龜二體五銖錢, <i>hàn guī èr tǐ wǔ zhū qián</i>) which is characterized by its obverse side resembling Chinese Wu Zhu coins and reverse side featuring a local Kucha script above and below the square center hole.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Kucha#Tocharian_languages" title="Kucha">Kuchean</a> (Kuśiññe) language – the variety of Tocharian spoken in Kucha at the time – is not well understood (and was completely forgotten until its rediscovery in the early 20th century). Consequently, many hypotheses have been suggested about the meaning of the inscription, including that it is a literal translation of "Wu Zhu", or an alternate name of the Kingdom of Kucha in Kuchean.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cash coins without any inscription cast in this region (龜茲無文小銅錢, <i>qiūcí wú wén xiǎo tóng qián</i>) are generally believed to have been produced between the years 265 and 589. The first variant of these cash coins are round in shape and have a rim around the square centre hole on one side (the other side is rimless). They tend to be thin on the outside and thicker on the inside, and they weigh between 0.4 grams and 1.7 grams with a diameter of 9 to 18 millimetres. The second variant of coin is similar to the aforementioned type but has no inner rim. These cash coins generally ranged from 8 to 13 millimetres in diameter and had a weight of 0.2 to 0.4 grams. The third type of these cash coins are also completely rimless but are square in shape and have a square centre hole. They tend to be very thin with diameters between 8 and 11 millimetres and weigh between 0.2 and 0.5 grams. The final variant are irregularly shaped, diminutive in size, thin, and are cast of poor workmanship. Some are merely five millimetres in diameter and weigh as little as 0.2 grams. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">Buddhist monk</a> <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a> describes seeing "small bronze coins" during his visit to Kucha in the year 630 in his work "Great Tang Records on the Western Regions" during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>. These cash coins are likely to have been the inscribed variant, the "Han Gui bilingual Wu Zhu coin".<sup id="cite_ref-primaltrek_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-primaltrek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_cash_coins_produced_by_the_Kingdom_of_Kucha">List of cash coins produced by the Kingdom of Kucha</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kucha_coinage&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of cash coins produced by the Kingdom of Kucha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_cash_coins_by_inscription" title="List of Chinese cash coins by inscription">List of Chinese cash coins by inscription</a></div> <p>List of cash coins produced by the Kingdom of Kucha:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartill200594_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartill200594-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Inscription<br />(obverse)</th> <th>Inscription<br />(reverse)</th> <th>Approximate years of production</th> <th>Differentiating features</th> <th>Image </th></tr> <tr> <td>Blank</td> <td>Blank</td> <td>265–589</td> <td><small>These have a rim around the square centre hole on one side while the other side is rimless. They tend to be thin on the outside and thick on the inside.</small></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Blank</td> <td>Blank</td> <td>265–589</td> <td><small>Similar to the first type but these cash coins have no inner rim.</small></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Blank</td> <td>Blank</td> <td>265–589</td> <td><small>These cash coins are completely without rim but are square in shape and have a square centre hole. They tend to be very thin.</small></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Blank</td> <td>Blank</td> <td>265–589</td> <td><small>These cash coins are irregularly shaped, diminutive in size, thin, and cast of poor workmanship. Some are merely five millimeters in diameter and weigh as little as 0.2 grams.</small></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>五銖<br />(Wu Zhu)</td> <td><small>An <a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a> <a href="/wiki/Kucha#Tocharian_languages" title="Kucha">Kuśiññe language</a> inscription.</small></td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>These are the only known cash coins produced by Kucha with an inscription.</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A114_Koutcha_TIV_1ar_(8627360241).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/A114_Koutcha_TIV_1ar_%288627360241%29.jpg/75px-A114_Koutcha_TIV_1ar_%288627360241%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/A114_Koutcha_TIV_1ar_%288627360241%29.jpg/113px-A114_Koutcha_TIV_1ar_%288627360241%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/A114_Koutcha_TIV_1ar_%288627360241%29.jpg/150px-A114_Koutcha_TIV_1ar_%288627360241%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3672" data-file-height="1888" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kucha_coinage&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/32px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/48px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/64px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="465" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Money" title="Portal:Money">Money portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/28px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/42px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png 1.5x, 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Náprstek museum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orient.avcr.cz/miranda2/export/sitesavcr/data.avcr.cz/humansci/orient/kontakty/pracovnici/publikace/Klimes/coins.pdf">XINJIANG CAST CASH IN THE COLLECTION OF THE NÁPRSTEK MUSEUM, PRAGUE.</a> by Ondřej Klimeš (ANNALS OF THE NÁPRSTEK MUSEUM 25 • PRAGUE 2004). Retrieved: 28 August 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charm.ru/coins/misc/xinjiang-qiuqi.shtml">"Xinjiang, Qiuzi Kingdom - Bilingual Cash Coins"</a>. <i>By Vladimir Belyaev (Chinese Coinage Website - Charm.ru)</i>. 11 February 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=By+Vladimir+Belyaev+%28Chinese+Coinage+Website+-+Charm.ru%29.&rft.atitle=Xinjiang%2C+Qiuzi+Kingdom+-+Bilingual+Cash+Coins.&rft.date=2002-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.charm.ru%2Fcoins%2Fmisc%2Fxinjiang-qiuqi.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKucha+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jen, David Chinese Cash: Identification and Price Guide, 340 p, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anything Anywhere - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anythinganywhere.com/commerce/coins/coinpics/chin-xinjiang.htm">CHINA, coins of that western region called Xinjiang/Sinkiang. - Xinjiang means "new land."  Formerly known to westerners as "Chinese Turkestan." Approximately 5000 years of history, not particularly well written up in English and perhaps some of the Chinese studies are somewhat politically/ethnically biased</a>. By Bob Reis. Retrieved: 25 August 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-primaltrek-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-primaltrek_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://primaltrek.com/chinesecoins.html#Qiuci_Kingdom">"Chinese coins – 中國錢幣 § Qiuci Kingdom (1st-7th centuries)"</a>. <i>Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)</i>. 16 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gary+Ashkenazy+%2F+%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99+%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%99+%28Primaltrek+%E2%80%93+a+journey+through+Chinese+culture%29&rft.atitle=Chinese+coins+%E2%80%93+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%8C%A2%E5%B9%A3+%C2%A7+Qiuci+Kingdom+%281st-7th+centuries%29.&rft.date=2016-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprimaltrek.com%2Fchinesecoins.html%23Qiuci_Kingdom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKucha+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartill200594-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartill200594_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHartill2005">Hartill 2005</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kucha_coinage&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartill2005" class="citation book cs1">Hartill, David (2005). <i>Cast Chinese Coins: A Historical Catalogue</i>. Trafford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4120-5466-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4120-5466-9"><bdi>978-1-4120-5466-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cast+Chinese+Coins%3A+A+Historical+Catalogue&rft.pub=Trafford&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4120-5466-9&rft.aulast=Hartill&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKucha+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>ZHOU Ti, <i>A new look at Sino-Kharoshthi coins (Horse coins of Khotan)</i>, (<a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a>: Hebei renmin chubanshe, 2018) [in the Numismatics series, series editor Dai Jianbing]. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-202-13321-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-202-13321-7">978-7-202-13321-7</a> 173 pp. (周倜著：《汉佉二体钱（和田马钱）新探》，河北人民出版社，2018年。（钱币学丛书，丛书主编：戴建兵）。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-202-13321-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-202-13321-7">978-7-202-13321-7</a>). 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href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_cash_coin" title="Template:Chinese cash coin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_cash_coin" title="Template talk:Chinese cash coin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_cash_coin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese cash coin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese_cash_coins_by_inscription" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cash_(Chinese_coin)" title="Cash (Chinese coin)">Chinese cash coins</a> by inscription</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_cash_coins_by_inscription" title="List of Chinese cash coins by inscription">List of Chinese cash coins by inscription</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cast_Chinese_coins_(330_B.C._-_1912_A.D.).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Cast_Chinese_coins_%28330_B.C._-_1912_A.D.%29.jpg/125px-Cast_Chinese_coins_%28330_B.C._-_1912_A.D.%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Cast_Chinese_coins_%28330_B.C._-_1912_A.D.%29.jpg/188px-Cast_Chinese_coins_%28330_B.C._-_1912_A.D.%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Cast_Chinese_coins_%28330_B.C._-_1912_A.D.%29.jpg/250px-Cast_Chinese_coins_%28330_B.C._-_1912_A.D.%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ban_Liang" title="Ban Liang">Ban Liang</a> (半兩)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wu Zhu coins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhu" title="Wu Zhu">Wu Zhu</a> (五銖)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kucha Wu Zhu</a> (五銖)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan_Tongbao" title="Kaiyuan Tongbao">Kaiyuan Tongbao</a> (開元通寳)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and<br />Ten Kingdoms period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Later_Zhou" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Zhou" title="Later Zhou">Later Zhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhouyuan_Tongbao" title="Zhouyuan Tongbao">Zhouyuan Tongbao</a> (周元通寳)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hongwu_Tongbao" title="Hongwu Tongbao">Hongwu Tongbao</a> (洪武通寳)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongle_Tongbao" title="Yongle Tongbao">Yongle Tongbao</a> (永樂通寳)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Tongbao" title="Kangxi Tongbao">Kangxi Tongbao</a> (康熙通寳)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Tongbao" title="Qianlong Tongbao">Qianlong Tongbao</a> (乾隆通寳)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_numismatic_charm" title="Chinese numismatic charm">Fakes and fantasies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengde_Tongbao" title="Zhengde Tongbao">Zhengde Tongbao</a> (正德通寳)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhaona_Xinbao" title="Zhaona Xinbao">Zhaona Xinbao</a> (招納信寶)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_one-mil_coin" title="Hong Kong one-mil coin">Hong Kong one-mil coin</a> (香港一文)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cash_(currency_unit)" title="Chinese cash (currency unit)">wén</a></i> (文)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_of_cash_coins_(currency_unit)" title="String of cash coins (currency unit)">String of cash coins</a> (貫 / 索 / 緡 / 吊 / 串)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturing and<br />casting process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_coin" title="Mother coin">Mother coin</a> (母錢)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-currency uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cash_coins_in_art" title="Cash coins in art">Cash coins in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash_coins_in_feng_shui" title="Cash coins in feng shui">Cash coins in feng shui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash_coins_in_fortune_telling" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash coins in fortune telling">Cash coins in fortune telling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash_coins_as_grave_goods" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash coins as grave goods">Cash coins as grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash_coins_in_traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Cash coins in traditional Chinese medicine">Cash coins in traditional Chinese medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bingqian" title="Bingqian">Bingqian</a> (餅錢)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqian" title="Daqian">Daqian</a> (大錢)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huachuanqian" title="Huachuanqian">Flower hole coin</a> (花穿錢)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongqian" title="Hongqian">Hongqian</a> (紅錢)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianqian" title="Qianqian">Qianqian</a> (鉛錢)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieqian" title="Tieqian">Tieqian</a> (鐡錢)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_shell_hole_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="Turtle shell hole coin">Turtle shell hole coin</a> (龜甲穿錢)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vault_protector_coin" title="Vault protector coin">Vault protector coin</a> (鎮庫錢)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhiqian" title="Zhiqian">Zhiqian</a> (制錢)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small>See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_currency" title="History of Chinese currency">History of Chinese currency</a></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Currencies_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_currency_and_coinage" title="Template:Chinese currency and coinage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_currency_and_coinage" title="Template talk:Chinese currency and coinage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_currency_and_coinage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese currency and coinage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Currencies_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Currencies of China</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_currency" title="History of Chinese currency">History of Chinese currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_cash_coins_by_inscription" title="List of Chinese cash coins by inscription">List of Chinese cash coins by inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_coinage" title="Ancient Chinese coinage">Ancient Chinese coinage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dynasties_in_Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasties in Chinese history">By period (before 1912)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty_coinage" title="Zhou dynasty coinage">Zhou dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty_coinage" title="Han dynasty coinage">Han dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xin_dynasty_coinage" title="Xin dynasty coinage">Xin dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang_coinage" title="Southern Tang coinage">Southern Tang coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty_coinage" title="Liao dynasty coinage">Liao dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Shu_coinage" title="Da Shu coinage">Da Shu coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Song_dynasty_coinage" title="Southern Song dynasty coinage">Southern Song dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Xia_coinage" title="Western Xia coinage">Western Xia coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_coinage_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty coinage (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty coinage (1115–1234)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Da_Qi_coinage" class="mw-redirect" title="Da Qi coinage">Da Qi coinage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty_coinage" title="Yuan dynasty coinage">Yuan dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty_coinage" title="Ming dynasty coinage">Ming dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty_coinage" title="Qing dynasty coinage">Qing dynasty coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_money_of_the_Qing_dynasty" title="Paper money of the Qing dynasty">Paper money of the Qing dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengbao_(currency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shengbao (currency)">Shengbao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_money_of_Tibet" title="Historical money of Tibet">Historical money of Tibet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kucha coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_yuan" title="Manchukuo yuan">Manchukuo yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang_yuan" title="Mengjiang yuan">Mengjiang yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_coins" title="Xinjiang coins">Xinjiang coins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hongqian" title="Hongqian">Hongqian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_of_the_Red_Army_Command" title="Yuan of the Red Army Command">Yuan of the Red Army Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Ancient_China" title="History of China">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shell_money#East,_South_and_Southeast_Asia" title="Shell money">Cowrie shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong_Bei" title="Tong Bei">Tong Bei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant-nose_coin" title="Ant-nose coin">Ant-nose coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife_money" title="Knife money">Knife money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ying_Yuan" title="Ying Yuan">Ying Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spade_money" title="Spade money">Spade money</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Imperial_China" title="History of China">Imperial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cash_(Chinese_coin)" title="Cash (Chinese coin)">Cash coins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/String_of_cash_coins_(currency_unit)" title="String of cash coins (currency unit)">Strings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_Liang" title="Ban Liang">Ban Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhu" title="Wu Zhu">Wu Zhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan_Tongbao" title="Kaiyuan Tongbao">Kaiyuan Tongbao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycee" title="Sycee">Sycee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_cash" title="Flying cash">Flying cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozi_(currency)" title="Jiaozi (currency)">Jiaozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanzi_(currency)" title="Guanzi (currency)">Guanzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizi_(currency)" title="Huizi (currency)">Huizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaochao" title="Jiaochao">Jiaochao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Ming_Treasure_Note" title="Great Ming Treasure Note">Great Ming Treasure Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Qing_Treasure_Note" title="Great Qing Treasure Note">Great Qing Treasure Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubu_Guanpiao" title="Hubu Guanpiao">Hubu Guanpiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Dragon_(coin)" title="Silver Dragon (coin)">Silver Dragon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturing and casting process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_coin" title="Mother coin">Mother coin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancestor_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestor coin">Ancestor coin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Near modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cash_(currency_unit)" title="Chinese cash (currency unit)">Cash <i>(wén)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candareen" title="Candareen">Candareen <i>(fēn)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mace_(unit)" title="Mace (unit)">Mace <i>(qián)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tael" title="Tael">Tael <i>(liǎng)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_(currency)" title="Yuan (currency)">Yuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical exonumia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_numismatic_charm" title="Chinese numismatic charm">Charms and amulets (Yansheng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_coin" title="Horse coin">Horse coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vault_protector_coin" title="Vault protector coin">Vault protector coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaona_Xinbao" title="Zhaona Xinbao">Zhaona Xinbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_tally" title="Bamboo tally">Bamboo tally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_token_(alternative_currency)" title="Chinese token (alternative currency)">Token</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_customs_gold_unit" title="Chinese customs gold unit">Customs gold unit</a></li> <li>Fabi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Taiwan_dollar" title="Old Taiwan dollar">Old Taiwan dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_gold_yuan" title="Chinese gold yuan">Chinese gold yuan</a></li> <li>Silver dollar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fifth_series_of_the_new_Taiwan_dollar_banknote" title="Fifth series of the new Taiwan dollar banknote">5th</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a> series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_series_of_the_renminbi" title="First series of the renminbi">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_series_of_the_renminbi" title="Second series of the renminbi">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_series_of_the_renminbi" title="Third series of the renminbi">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_series_of_the_renminbi" title="Fourth series of the renminbi">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_series_of_the_renminbi" title="Fifth series of the renminbi">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_renminbi" title="Digital renminbi">Digital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Hong Kong dollar">Hong Kong dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_pataca" title="Macanese pataca">Macanese pataca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">Economy of China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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